July 15 Final Report: Baseline Survey for Waste -to- Energy Pilot in Malang Regency Member of Indonesia Solid Waste Association Gedung IS Plaza, 5th Floor – Room 504 JL Pramuka Raya Kav 150, Jakarta Timur 13120 T: +62 21 29613933 F: +62 21 29613981 swi@sw- indo.com, www.sw- indo.com Table of Contents List of Abbreviation ................................................................................................ i Introduction ......................................................................................................... ii Part I – Context and Background ........................................................................... 1 1. Overview of Municipal Solid Waste Practices in Malang Regency ..................... 1 1.1 City Profile ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Municipal Solid Waste Collection Methods ................................................ 5 1.3 Formal Waste Collection: Organization and Structure ............................... 6 1.4 Waste Collection Tools ................................................................................ 7 1.5 Waste Treatment Facility ............................................................................ 7 1.6 Existing Waste Separation Practices and 3R Initiatives ............................ 11 1.7 Disposal and its Characteristics ................................................................. 12 1.8 Institutional Capacity and Key Policies, Laws and Regulation at the Regency on Solid Waste Management ..................................................... 13 1.9 Informal Sectors and their Involvement in MSW System ......................... 14 Part II – Empirical survey to support the development of the waste-to-energy pilot ............................................................................ 15 2. Identification of the proposed locations of organic waste source and waste-to energy plant in the city .................................................................................. 15 3. Marketing of biogas and assessment of indicators for financial-economic analysis ........................................................................................................... 25 4. Identification of waste characteristics at the shortlisted site .......................... 31 Recommendation List of References ANNEXES List of Abbreviation APBD = Regional Government Budget BLH = Environmental Agency BUMD = Badan Usaha Milik Daerah DCKTR = Human Settlements and Spatial Planning Agency DESPERINDAG Pasar = Regional Industry, Trade, and Market Agency DKP = Sanitation and Landscaping Agency DPP/Dinas Pertanian &Perkebunan= Regional Agriculture and Plantation Agency Ha = Hectare KaSi = Head of Section LKPJ = Performance Accountability Report Lt = Littre RTRW = Spatial Plans STA = Agribusiness Substation TPA = Final Disposal Site/Landfill TPS = Temporary Collection Point TPS 3R = Material Recovery Facility TPST 3R = Integrated Material Recovery Facility UCLG ASPAC = United Cities and Local Government Asia Pacific UN ESCAP = United Nations of Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific UPTD = Local Technical Implementation Unit i Introduction This Baseline Survey Report is made upon the request of the United Cities and Local Government Asia Pacific (UCLG ASPAC), the United Nations of Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN ESCAP), and Waste Concern. The aim of this report is two-fold: i) to identify possible locations for a waste-to-energy pilot plant in Indonesia; ii) and to characterize in detail the shortlisted locations. In November 2014, UN ESCAP and UCLG ASPAC organized a national workshop in Jakarta “Pro-Poor and Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Secondary Cities and Small Towns: Prospects for the application of anaerobic digestion to treat municipal solid waste in Indonesia”. As an outcome of this workshop, four of the cities among those attending the workshop were selected as the shortlisted candidates to host the waste-to-energy pilot. The selected cities were: 1. Jambi City; 2. Malang City; 3. Malang Regency; and 4. Probolinggo City. This report pertains to the baseline assessment of the city of Malang Regency, while separate reports have been prepared for the three other cities. This baseline survey was conducted by Sustainable Waste Indonesia (SWI) from the beginning of February until the end of May 2015. Two field visits were conducted to Malang Regency. The first one was on 18 and 19 February 2015, while the second was conducted on 19 March 3 April 2015. In between these two visits, a fact finding mission by representatives from UN ESCAP, UCLG ASPAC, and Waste Concern was conducted on 5 and 6 March 2015. During the visit of this delegation, a representative from SWI also took part on the mission. The field visit of UN ESCAP, UCLG ASPAC and Waste Concern was important on many aspects, especially in shortlisting the possible locations for the waste-to-energy project, and in steering the work of the consultants. A waste-to-energy pilot will be implemented on a location that meets specific criteria set by UN ESCAP, UCLG ASPAC and Waste Concern. These requirements were designed so as to ensure that the plant can operate optimally and sustainably once entering into operation. It should be noted at the outset that all potential locations surveyed have been proposed by the local government authorities of Jambi. Among these, the most feasible location has been further analyzed in order to understand key aspects such as the characteristics of the incoming waste, possible end users of the energy generated, and the processing capacity of the plant. In this context, the baseline survey was conducted in two phases as follows: Phase 1: an assessment was conducted to the proposed plant locations in order to select the most feasible site for hosting the waste-to-energy pilot. On this phase, the proposed locations were characterized with some level of detail. ii Phase 2: a detailed survey was conducted to further understand the location shortlisted for hosting the pilot project. Aspects analyzed included the waste generation rates, the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste, the density of the waste, and the potential demand of the energy generated by the plant. On this phase, waste sampling was conducted and questionnaires were prepared in order to characterize the shortlisted site. The fact-finding mission to Jambi by ESCAP, UCLG-ASPAC and Waste Concern was conducted after Phase 1 was completed. During that mission one of the proposed locations was shortlisted and subsequently analyzed in phase-2 of the study. After the baseline survey phase-1 was completed, a fact-finding mission by a team of representatives from ESCAP, UCLG-ASPAC together with a team member of SWI, and Waste Concern was conducted. During the mission, the proposed locations were visited and checked its feasibility for waste-to-energy pilot, in close discussion with the whole team member. As an output from UN-ESCAP mission, the shortlisted site to be further analyzed in the baseline survey phase-2 was determined. Consequently, only the shortlisted sites, that would be further analyzed in the second phase of baseline survey. This report is structured as follow: Part 1 consists of an overview of municipal solid waste practices in Malang Regency. The aspects described include the local authority’s budget allocation for waste management, municipal waste collection methods, formal collection system in the city, system for transfer and transport of waste, waste treatment methods, institutional capacity and key policies, practices for waste segregation, disposal sites and its main characteristics, and the activities of the informal sector. Part 2 consists characterizes the proposed locations for hosting the project in Malang Regency. Among these, the shortlisted location is analyzed in further detail. The report concludes with a set of recommendations. Whereas part 1 mostly consists of secondary data, part 2 combines primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected during the field visit by SWI team. The structure of this report followed the guidelines provided by UN ESCAP, Waste Concern and UCLG. iii Part I – Context and Background 1. Overview of Municipal Solid Waste Practices in Malang Regency 1.1 City Profile Malang Regency is located in East Java, at 112° 17' 10,90" to 112° 57' 00" East longitude and 7° 44' 55,11" to 8° 26' 35,45" South latitude. Administratively the Regency has borders with Jombang, Mojokerto and the Pasuruan Regency to the North, the ocean to the South, Blitar and the Kediri Regency to the West, and Lumajang and Probolinggo Regency to the East. The Regency has an area of 3,238 km2 and a population of 2,466,277 inhabitants (Adipura Book Malang Regency, 2013). It is divided into 33 districts and surrounded by mountains. Owing to its location, Malang Regency districts have average high humidity rates (85-90%). Kepanjen and Pakis districts are among those with the highest population density (above 2,000 person/km2) in the Regency. According to the Spatial Plans (RTRW) of Malang Regency, each district consists of 2 function areas: urban and rural. Currently, around 146 sub-district/villages are considered as urbans areas while 244 sub-district/villages are considered as rural areas. Also of note, Malang Regency does not include Malang City even though this one is located at the center of the Regency (please check the map of figure 1). The capital city