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Indian Science in Indian Media Highlights of ISW Stories - July 2017

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Indian Science in Indian Media Highlights of ISW Stories - July 2017 Indian Science in Indian Media Highlights of ISW stories - July 2017 Page 1 of 118 01 July, 2017, Meghalya Guardian Page 2 of 118 ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ की तराश भᴂ जुटी ही यहती है खगोरीम ऩुलरस नवनीत कु भाय गुप्ता, 01 July , 2017 नवनीत कु भाय गुप्ता। (इॊडडमा साइॊस वामय)। आकाश भᴂ झझरमभरात े ताये औय चद्रॊ भा के घटन-े फढ़ने जैसी आकाशीम घटनाएॊ सददमⴂ से भानव भन भᴂ योभाॊच ऩैदा कयती यही हℂ। तायⴂ एव ॊ खगोरीम पऩडॊ ⴂ को रेकय प्रचमरत सैकडⴂ कहाननमाॊ इसका प्रभाण हℂ। आकाशीम पऩडॊ ⴂ को रेकय की जान े वारी इन भानवीम ऩरयकरऩ‍् नाओॊ ने इनके फाये भ ᴂ अधधक जानकारयमाॊ जुटाने के मरए भनुषम‍् को प्रेरयत ककमा। वष ष 1788 भ ᴂ जभनष खगोर-पवऻानी जॉन इरटष फोडे ने जफ सौयभॊडर के ग्रहⴂ के भध्म की दयू ी को एक अनुऩात भ ᴂ व्मक्त ककमा तो खगोरीम पऩडॊ ⴂ के सॊसाय भᴂ झाॊकने की भनुषम‍् की इचछ‍् ा औय बी फरवती हो गई। फोडे न े ऩामा कक सूमष से फुध, शुक्र, ऩथ्ृ वी, भॊगर, फहृ स्ऩनत ग्रहⴂ की दरू यमⴂ का अनुऩात एक क्रभ फनाता ह,ै जजसभ ᴂ 3 का क्रमभक गुणन जैस-े 3, 6 आदद नजय आता था। इसका ऩूया क्रभ 3, 6, 12, 48, 96 था। तीसये औय चौथ े क्रभ भᴂ सॊख्मा 12 औय 48 थी, जजससे गुणन का क्रभ बॊग हो यहा था। इस जस्थनत को देखकय उस सभम इन दो ग्रहⴂ मानी भॊगर औय फहृ स्ऩनत के फीच अन्म ग्रहⴂ के उऩजस्थत होने की सॊबावना वम‍् क्त‍ की गई। तबी से वैऻाननकⴂ ने इन ग्रहⴂ को खोजना आयॊब कय ददमा। कयीफ 200 सार ऩहरे आकाशीम पऩडॊ ⴂ को खोजने के मरए खगोरीम ऩुमरस काभ कयती थी। हॊगयी के फ्ाॊज क्सवय वॉन जैक नाभक खगोर वैऻाननक न े आकाशीम पऩडॊ ⴂ को खोजने के मरए खगोरीम ऩुमरस नाभक एक सभूह का गठन ककमा था। इटरी के खगोर-पवऻानी ग्मूसेऩ पऩमा煍जी ने 1 जनवयी, 1801 भᴂ इस तयह के ऩहरे खगोरीम पऩडॊ मानी ऺुद्रग्रह को खोजा था। मह पऩडॊ सेयेस था। ददरचस्ऩ फात मह थी कक उस सभम ग्मूसेऩ पऩमा煍जी खगोरीम ऩुमरस सभूह का दहस्सा नहीॊ थे। इसके फाद तो खगोरीम ऩुमरस सभूह 饍वाया कई खगोरीम पऩडॊ ⴂ को खोजा गमा। उस सभम तक इन पऩडॊ ⴂ को ग्रह ही कहा जाता था। वषष 1802 भᴂ दसू या ऐसा पऩडॊ खोजा गमा औय 1803 भᴂ खोजे गए ऐसे पऩडॊ ⴂ की सॊख्मा तीन हो गई। मह मसरमसरा चरता यहा औय वषष 1868 तक ऐस े 100 पऩडॊ ⴂ को खोज ननकारा गमा। जफ इस तयह के सकℂ डⴂ खगोरीम पऩडॊ खोज मरए गए तो फहस इस ऩय Page 3 of 118 शु셂 हो गई‍कक इन्हᴂ ग्रह नहीॊ कहा जा सकता क्मⴂकक इनके गुणधभष ग्रहⴂ से अरग हℂ। ऐसे भᴂ इन्हᴂ फौने ग्रह मा ऺुद्रग्रह कहा गमा। प्रकाशीम पोटोग्रापी का ईजाद होने से ऩहरे ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ को खोजने के मरए स्टाय चाटष का उऩमोग कयके दयू फीन स े आकाश की ककसी पवशषे जस्थनत को एक ननममभत अतॊ यार ऩय देखा जाता था। खगोर- वैऻाननकⴂ 饍वाया उस स्थान पवशषे भᴂ मदद कोई ऐसा पऩडॊ ददखाई देता, जजसकी गनत तायⴂ के साऩेऺ फदरती यहती है तो वह कपय उसका पवस्ताय से अध्ममन कयते थे। इस प्रकाय ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ की खोज की जाती थी। ग्मूसेऩ पऩमा煍जी 饍वाया खोजे गए ऩहरे ऺुद्रग्रह सेयेस को अफ फौने ग्रह की श्रेणी भᴂ यखा गमा है। तफ स े रेकय अफ तक खगोर-पवऻानी दो राख से अधधक ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ का ऩता रगा चकु े हℂ। बायत से सफसे ऩहरा ऺुद्रग्रह वषष 1885 भᴂ ब्रिदटश खगोर-पवऻानी नाभनष योफटष ऩोग्सन 饍वाया खोजा गमा था, जो उस सभम भद्रास वेधशारा भᴂ कामयष त थे। इस खोज भᴂ भद्रास वेधशारा भᴂ कामयष त एक बायतीम खगोर-पवऻानी धचतॊ ाभणी यघुनाथचायी का बी उ쥍रेखनीम मोगदान था। इसके कयीफ सौ सार फाद बायत से 17 पयवयी, 1988 को ऺुद्रग्रह खोजा गमा। बायत भᴂ के वरूय भᴂ जस्थत वेणु फऩऩ‍् ू वेधशारा से अफ तक अनेक ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ को खोजा जा चकु ा है। वेणु फऩऩ‍् ू वेधशारा से खोजे गए दो ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ का नाभकयण प्रोपे सय एभ.जी.के . भेनन औय प्रोपे सय जे.सी. बट्टाचाम ष के नाभ ऩय ककमा गमा है। प्रोपे सय एभ.जी.के . भेनन बायतीम ताया-बौनतकी सॊस्थान के ननदेशक औय प्रोपे सय जे.सी. बट्टाचाम ष बायतीम ताया-बौनतकी सॊस्थान ऩरयष饍 के अध्मऺ यह चकु े हℂ। आधनु नक सभम भᴂ प्रकाशीम पोटोग्रापी ने खगोरीम पऩडॊ ⴂ के अध्ममन को आसान फना ददमा है। पोटोग्रापी का उऩमोग कयके आकाश के ककसी पवशषे दहस्से का पोटो पवमबन्न सभम अतॊ यार ऩय मरमा जाता है औय उस दहस्से भᴂ मदद ककसी पऩडॊ की चार तायⴂ के साऩेऺ फदरती है तो उस ऩय पवशषे ध्मान ददमा जाता है। इस प्रकाय नए खगोरीम पऩडॊ को खोजा जाता है। इॊटयनेशनर एस्रोनॉमभकर सोसाइटी 饍वाया ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ का नाभकयण ककमा जाता है। आयॊब भᴂ अधधकतय ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ का नाभकयण मूयोऩीम नाभⴂ ऩय ककमा जाता था। रेककन फाद भ ᴂ इॊटयनेशनर एस्रोनॉमभकर सोसाइटी ने सुझाव ददमा कक ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ का नाभकयण वैजववक हो। तबी से ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ का नाभकयण उनके खोजकताष की ऩसॊद के आधाय ऩय ककमा जाने रगा। ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ के नाभकयण भᴂ कई बायतीम नाभⴂ को बी स्थान मभरा है। इनभᴂ हनुभान, ग셂ड, अ셁णा, सायाबाई, भणृ ामरणी, याभानुजन औय हरयशच‍् द्रॊ जैसे कु छ प्रभुख नाभ शामभर हℂ। अधधकतय ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ भᴂ धातओु ॊ की भौजूदगी की सॊबावना व्मक्त की गई है। इन ऩय मभरन े वारी धातओु ॊ भ ᴂ सोना, चाॊदी, ओसमभमन, प्रैदटनभ, टॊगस्टन आदद शामभर हℂ। इसी फात को ध्मान भᴂ यखकय वैऻाननक इनके आधथकष भहत्व ऩय बी पवचाय कय यहे हℂ। बपवष्म भᴂ सॊबव है कक इन ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ ऩय खनन कयके वहा ॊ स े पवबन्न धातओु ॊ को धयती ऩय रामा जाए। कु छ देशⴂ ने ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ के अध्ममन के मरए अतॊ रयऺ अमबमान बी Page 4 of 118 चराए हℂ। जाऩान ने वषष 2003 भᴂ इटोकावा नाभक ऺुद्रग्रह के अध्ममन के मरए हामाफुसा अमबमान चरामा था। ऐसे अमबमानⴂ का उद्देवम ऺुद्रग्रह के नभूनⴂ का पववरेषण कयना है ताकक िहभाॊड की उत्ऩजत्त स े सॊफॊधधत जानकारयमाॊ मभर सकᴂ । नासा बी ऐस्टयॉमड रयडामयेक्ट मभशन ऩय काभ चर यहा ह,ै जजसका उद्देवम ऩथ्ृ वी के सभीऩ के ककसी ऺुद्रग्रह से नभूनⴂ को धयती ऩय राना ह,ै जजससे उसकी सॊयचना को पवस्ताय से जाॊचा-ऩयखा जा सके । ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ के फाये भᴂ जाग셂कता के प्रसाय के मरए प्रत्मेक वषष 30 जून को अतॊ ययाष्रीम ऺुद्रग्रह ददवस भनामा जाता है। इस ददन ऩूये पववव भᴂ अनेक स्थानⴂ ऩय ऺुद्रग्रह सदहत खगोर-पवऻान से सॊफॊधधत कामक्रष भⴂ का आमोजन ककमा जाता है। एस्रोनॉमभकर सोसामटी ऑप इॊडडमा बी देश बय भᴂ अनेक स्थानⴂ ऩय ऺुद्रग्रह ददवस से सॊफॊधधत कामक्रष भⴂ को आमोजन कयती है। इस सॊस्था ने अऩनी वेफसाइट ऩय ऺुद्रगह ददवस स े सॊफॊधधत तभाभ जानकारयमाॊ पवमबन्न बाषाओॊ भᴂ उऩरब्ध कयाई हℂ। एस्रोनॉमभकर सोसामटी ऑप इॊडडमा की वेफसाइट ऩय ऺुद्रग्रहⴂ के फाये भᴂ कई योचक जानकारयमाॊ प्राप्त की जा सकती हℂ। http://astron- soc.in/outreach/activities/asteroid-day/ (इॊडडमा साइॊस वामय) http://www.prabhasakshi.com/news/astronomical-police-looks-for-asteroids/26486.html Page 5 of 118 Scientists test ancient remedy to fight drug-resistant kala-azar Bhavya Khullar 03 July 2017 A low dose of the compound called Mahanine killed more than 90 per cent of the parasites within 48 hours A compound isolated from commonly used curry leaf, which also finds a mention in ancient Ayurvedic texts, has been found to be effective against kala-azar parasite that is increasingly becoming resistant to available drugs. The compound called ma hanine, isolated from leaves of Murraya koenigii (a curry plant commonly used in Indian kitchens), has been found to inhibit the growth of kala-azar parasite, according to Dr Chitra Mandal, professor at the Indian Institute of Chemical Biology in Kolkata, who led the study.
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