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Computational and Experimental Study of Instrumented Indentation by Nuwong Chollacoop B.S., Materials Science and Engineering, Brown University (1999)

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Computational and Experimental Study of Instrumented Indentation by Nuwong Chollacoop B.S., Materials Science and Engineering, Brown University (1999) Computational and Experimental Study of Instrumented Indentation by Nuwong Chollacoop B.S., Materials Science and Engineering, Brown University (1999) Submitted to the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in partial ful¯llment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science and Engineering at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2004 °c Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2004. All rights reserved. Author............................................................................ Department of Materials Science and Engineering December 16, 2003 Certi¯ed by........................................................................ Subra Suresh Ford Professor of Engineering Thesis Supervisor Accepted by....................................................................... Harry L. Tuller Professor of Ceramics and Electronic Materials Chair, Departmental Committee on Graduate Students 2 Computational and Experimental Study of Instrumented Indentation by Nuwong Chollacoop Submitted to the Department of Materials Science and Engineering on December 23, 2003, in partial ful¯llment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Materials Science and Engineering Abstract The e®ect of characteristic length scales, through dimensional and microstructural miniatur- izations, on mechanical properties is systematically investigated by recourse to instrumented micro- and/or nanoindentation. This technique is capable of extracting mechanical prop- erties accurately down to nanometers, via rigorous interpretation of indentation response. Such interpretation requires fundamental understandings of contact mechanics and under- lying deformation mechanisms. Analytical, computational and experimental approaches are utilized to elucidate speci¯cally how empirical constitutive relation can be estimated from the complex multiaxial stress state induced by indentation. Analytical formulations form a framework for parametric ¯nite element analysis. The algorithms are established to predict indentation response from a constitutive relation (hereafter referred to as \forward algo- rithms") and to extract mechanical properties from indentation curve (hereafter referred to as \reverse algorithms"). Experimental veri¯cations and comprehensive sensitivity analysis are conducted. Similar approaches are undertaken to extend the forward/reverse algorithms to indentations using two ore more tip geometries. Microstructural miniaturization leads to novel class of materials with a grain size smaller than 100 nm, hereafter referred to as \nanocrystalline" material. Its mechani- cal properties are observed to deviate greatly from the microcrystalline counterparts. In this thesis, experimental, analytical and computational approaches are utilized to elucidate the rate and size dependent mechanical properties observed in nanocrystalline materials. Indentations, as well as micro-tensile tests, are employed to attain various controllable deformation rates. A simple analytical model, hereafter referred to as Grain-Boundary- A®ected-Zone (GBAZ) model, is proposed to rationalize possible rate-sensitivity mecha- nism. Systematic ¯nite element analysis integrating GBAZ model is conducted with cali- bration against the experiments. The same GBAZ model, further utilized in the paramet- ric ¯nite element study, is capable of predicting the inverse Hall-Petch-type phenomenon (weakening with decreasing grain size) at the range consistent with the literature. Thesis Supervisor: Subra Suresh Title: Ford Professor of Engineering Acknowledgments \Only those who recognize help and support from others would succeed again." my beloved parents Every journey has to come to an end. And this is surely one of the most challenging and memorable journeys I have ever embarked on. It would not be completed without a consid- erable amount of help and support from everyone around me. I feel overwhelmingly grateful toward them, and this is the smallest thing I could perhaps do to show my appreciation. First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Subra Suresh, for seeing the possibility in me and giving me the opportunity. His academic guidance, inspiration and consolation are well beyond my words. His endless patience and encouragement have kept me progressing throughout the up and down cycles till my success today. Furthermore, I would like to thank Professor Merton Corson Flemings and Professor Lorna J. Gibson for dedicating their valuable times to serve on my thesis committee. Their suggestions and supports are greatly appreciated. My former academic advisor during my undergraduate study at Brown University, Pro- fessor K. Sharvan Kumar, is the ¯rst person to expose me to this wonderfully amazing ¯eld of study and help me throughout my undergraduate study, both academically and personally. I would not be getting into MIT at the ¯rst place without him. Next person who is solely responsible for sharpening my computer simulation skill is Dr. Ming Dao. His never-ending e®ort to teach me ABAQUS has never been less exciting. Long hour discussion, de¯nitely not in the morning, has always been intellectually stimulating and challenging. He is simply the great person to work with, and it has been my pleasure to get to know and work closely with him all along my graduate study. All members of Suresh Group (previously Laboratory for EXperimental and COmpu- tation Micromechanics or LEXCOM) during my stay at MIT certainly make me welcomed and ever want to come to work everyday. Lab manager George LaBonte is the most knowl- edgeable person I have ever known when it comes down to anything hand-on. Try asking him anything and he will ¯nd the answer for you. Also, thanks for his home-grown tomatoes and occasionally home-made desserts from Doranna. Kenneth E. Greene, Jr. is the man to ask when it comes down to administrative paper work. He is probably the ¯rst person who can remember my long last name before my ¯rst name. His incredibly friendly personality has eased my initial transition to MIT. Our conversation prior to my meeting with Subra has been entertaining. Professor Andrew Gouldstone is one of the most considerate, energetic and self-motivated persons I have ever known. He is not only my academic mentor but also my ¯rst and best lifting partner (except when he forces me to do squat). He has always been helping me out during my academic and personal hardships. He is the ¯rst non-Thai person that I think of when I need consultation. Professor Krystyn J. Van Vliet has tremendously helped me with her experimental, presentation and writing skills. Her persistent academic enthusiasm and excitement have positively influenced my motivation. Also, it has been enjoyable exchanging Microsoft Excel tricks with her. Dr. Tae-Soon Park and Dr. Yoonjoon Choi have proven my hypothesis that all Koreans work hard. Due to their typically late night staying, I often bother them with some academic questions and personal conversations. We have also shared the love for food and beer. Timothy Hanlon is one of the most self-disciplined graduate students I have ever known. We have become so close after he has moved into the cubicle next to mine. His help in recent years is greatly appreciated, especially for making sure that I wake up in time for a morning meeting. Professor Antonios E. Giannakopoulos, Professor T. A. Venkatesh, Dr. Yong-Nam Kwon, Dr. Benedikt Moser, Dr. Ruth Schwaiger and Professor Upadrasta Ramamurty have variously helped me in di®erent parts of my thesis. Their intellectual contributions are greatly appreciated. I would like to also thank Laurent Chambon, Dr. 1st Lt. Brett P. Conner, John Philip Mills, Simon C. Bellemare, Bruce Y. Wu and In-Suk Choi for their warm friendship in the basement o±ce. Within DMSE, Kathleen R. Farrell, Gloria Landahl, Angelita Mireles, Stephen J. Mal- ley, Coleman Greene, Gerald Hughes, Jenna Picceri and Yinlin Xie have helped me through- out my study at MIT. Many thanks to my ¯rst year study group, Douglas Dale Cannon, Burke C. Hunsaker, Ashley P Predith and Marc Richard, who have helped me getting through all ¯rst-year courses and general written examination. Thanks to all DMSE Thai folks¡Dr. Pimpa Limthongkul, Dr. Ariya Akthakul, Dr. Yot Boontongkong, Jessada Wannasin, Panitarn Wanakamol, Ratchatee Techapiesancharoenkij, Wanida Pongsaksawad, Samerkhae Jongtammanurak and Yuttanant Boonyongmaneerat- ¡and other members of TSMIT (Thai Student at MIT), whose names cannot be listed here due to an insu±cient space, for their moral supports throughout my graduate study. I would like to extend my appreciation toward my Thai Scholars' 1994 friends, especially Peerapong Phimonwichayakit, Charatpong Chotigavanich, Songpon Deechongkit, Athicha Muthitacharoen, Namon Yuthavong, Mali Chivakul, Kittipitch Kuptavanich and Pitiporn Phanaphat, for making me feel warm and welcome during my ¯rst year in the United States. In addition, I would like to thank Royal Thai Government and my contract co-signers¡Uncle Niwat Wachirawarakarn, Aunt Suree Khutaweekul and Arjan Komkum Deewongsa¡for giving me an opportunity to study abroad. There is no other support more meaningful than that from the family. With my deepest gratitude, I would like to thank my parents for everything they have ever done for me. Their beliefs in me have strongly encouraged me to strive for my seemingly impossible goals. They have shown me by their excellent examples of how to make everyday the best day to come, and over time have taught me
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