Diffuser Fouling Mitigation, Wastewater Characteristics and Treatment Technology Impact on Aeration Efficiency
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List of Services Provided by the Wastewater Department
NOWWTP and the ROCKY RIVER The entire watershed basin is designated as a warm water habitat by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) More than 90 percent of the watershed is covered by Hydrologic Soil Types that are classified as ‘C’ and ‘D’ soils. These soils have the slowest infiltration rates and the highest runoff potential. As much as 95 percent of the area in the watershed is underlain with soils that have severe limitations for septic systems, due to low infiltration rates. City of North Olmsted Wastewater Treatment Plant was built in 1959, due in part to the urban density and in response to the number of failing septic systems in the area. National Importance: The river itself is formed by the confluence of the East and West Branches in North Olmsted at the bottom of Cedar Point Hill, just west of Cleveland- Hopkins International Airport. The headwaters of the larger West Branch are predominantly located in Medina County. The East Branch starts at Hinckley Lake. The Rocky River was ranked by Field & Stream as one of the top steelhead Trout Rivers in the world, and has also been featured on ESPN. Local Importance: One of the first purchases by the Cleveland Metro Parts was land along the banks of the Rocky River. The river runs through or along the boards of Berea, Brookpark, Cleveland, Fairview Park, Lakewood, North Olmsted, Olmsted Township, and Rocky River but provides recreational activities to all of north eastern Ohio. The Rocky River basin is strongly influenced by the geology of the area, including massive shale cliffs, large meadows, extensive forested areas, overlapping flood plains and a large amount of wetlands per acre, with a total of 3,462 acres of wetlands. -
Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet: Ammonia Stripping
United States Office of Water EPA 832-F-00-019 Environmental Protection Washington, D.C. September 2000 Agency Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet Ammonia Stripping DESCRIPTION Ammonia stripping is a simple desorption process used to lower the ammonia content of a wastewater stream. Some wastewaters contain large amounts of ammonia and/or nitrogen-containing compounds that may readily form ammonia. It is often easier and less expensive to remove nitrogen from wastewater in the form of ammonia than to convert it to nitrate-nitrogen before removing it (Culp et al., 1978). Ammonia (a weak base) reacts with water (a weak acid) to form ammonium hydroxide. In ammonia stripping, lime or caustic is added to the wastewater until the pH reaches 10.8 to 11.5 standard units which converts ammonium hydroxide ions to ammonia gas according to the following reaction(s): + - NH4 + OH 6 H2O + NH38 Source: Culp, et. al, 1978. Figure 1 illustrates two variations of ammonia FIGURE 1 TWO TYPES OF STRIPPING stripping towers, cross-flow and countercurrent. In TOWERS a cross-flow tower, the solvent gas (air) enters along the entire depth of fill and flows through the packing, as the alkaline wastewater flows it may be more economical to use alternate downward. A countercurrent tower draws air ammonia removal techniques, such as steam through openings at the bottom, as wastewater is stripping or biological methods. Air stripping may pumped to the top of a packed tower. Free also be used to remove many hydrophobic organic ammonia (NH3) is stripped from falling water molecules (Nutrient Control, 1983). droplets into the air stream, then discharged to the atmosphere. -
Environmental Quality: in Situ Air Sparging
EM 200-1-19 31 December 2013 Environmental Quality IN-SITU AIR SPARGING ENGINEER MANUAL AVAILABILITY Electronic copies of this and other U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) publications are available on the Internet at http://www.publications.usace.army.mil/ This site is the only repository for all official USACE regulations, circulars, manuals, and other documents originating from HQUSACE. Publications are provided in portable document format (PDF). This document is intended solely as guidance. The statutory provisions and promulgated regulations described in this document contain legally binding requirements. This document is not a legally enforceable regulation itself, nor does it alter or substitute for those legal provisions and regulations it describes. Thus, it does not impose any legally binding requirements. This guidance does not confer legal rights or impose legal obligations upon any member of the public. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the discussion in this document, the obligations of the regulated community are determined by statutes, regulations, or other legally binding requirements. In the event of a conflict between the discussion in this document and any applicable statute or regulation, this document would not be controlling. This document may not apply to a particular situation based upon site- specific circumstances. USACE retains the discretion to adopt approaches on a case-by-case basis that differ from those described in this guidance where appropriate and legally consistent. This document may be revised periodically without public notice. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM 200-1-19 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers CEMP-CE Washington, D.C. -
Factors Impacting EGR Cooler Fouling – Main Effects and Interactions
Emissions Controls Technologies, Part 2 Factors Impacting EGR Cooler Fouling – Main Effects and Interactions 16th Directions in Engine-Efficiency and Emissions Research Conference Detroit, MI – September, 2010 Dan Styles, Eric Curtis, Nitia Ramesh Ford Motor Company – Powertrain Research and Advanced Engineering John Hoard, Dennis Assanis, Mehdi Abarham University of Michigan Scott Sluder, John Storey, Michael Lance Oakridge National Laboratory Page 1 DEER 2010 Benefits and Challenges of Cooled EGR • Benefits • Challenges Enables more EGR flow More HC’s/SOF Cooler intake charge temp More PM Reduces engine out NOx More heat rejection by reduced peak in-cylinder More condensation temps HC/PM deposition in cooler (fouling) degraded heat transfer and higher flow resistance Increasing EGR Rate PM Increasing EGR Cooling NOx After 200 hr. Fouling Test Page 2 DEER 2010 What is EGR Cooler Fouling? • Deposition of Exhaust Constituents on EGR Cooler Walls Decreases heat transfer effectiveness and increases flow restrictiveness Page 3 DEER 2010 Previous DEER Conferences • DEER 2007 Benefits of an EGR catalyst for EGR Cooler Fouling Reduction • DEER 2008 Overview of EGR Cooler Fouling Literature Search Results of initial controlled fouling experiment High gas flow velocities reduce exhaust constituent trapping efficiency Low coolant temperatures increase Hydrocarbon condensation An oxidation catalyst is only marginally helpful at eliminating the heavier Hydrocarbons that are likely to condense in an EGR cooler • DEER 2009 Further -
Investigation of Fouling Mechanisms on Ion Exchange Membranes During Electrolytic Separations
INVESTIGATION OF FOULING MECHANISMS ON ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES DURING ELECTROLYTIC SEPARATIONS By Matthew James Edwards A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford, MS 2019 Approved by: __________________________________ Advisor: Dr. Alexander M. Lopez _________________________________ Reader: Dr. Adam Smith __________________________________ Reader: Dr. John H. O’Haver i Ó 2019 Matthew James Edwards ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this Capstone Project to my parents, Michael and Nidia Edwards. Their support and commitment to my education has been unfailing for as long as I can remember. I am thankful for everything they have done. It is with their help that I am privileged to attend The University of Mississippi, and I will forever be grateful. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like thank Dr. Alexander M. Lopez and The University of Mississippi Chemical Engineering Department for the opportunity to work on this research project. The guidance, patience, and willingness to work with and teach an undergraduate student has been beneficial and inspiring to me during my time here at Ole Miss. Second, I would like to thank Dr. Paul Scovazzo for providing guidance on how to write this thesis and for allowing me to use his lab and equipment as well. I would also like to thank all the graduate students of the Chemical Engineering Department, primarily Saloumeh Kolahchyan. The willingness to take the time to answer my questions, to guide me in how use all the equipment in the lab, and to show me how to follow lab protocols required for the completion of my thesis research. -
An Analysis of Water for Water-Side Fouling Potential Inside Smooth
AN ANALYIS OF WATER FOR WATER-SIDE FOULING POTENTIAL INSIDE SMOOTH AND AUGMENTED COPPER ALLOY CONDENSER TUBES IN COOLING TOWER WATER APPLICATIONS by Ian Tubman A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering Mississippi State, Mississippi December 2002 AN ANALYIS OF WATER FOR WATER-SIDE FOULING POTENTIAL INSIDE SMOOTH AND AUGMENTED COPPER ALLOY CONDENSER TUBES IN COOLING TOWER WATER APPLICATIONS by Ian Tubman Approved: _________________________ ________________________ Louay Chamra Rogelio Luck Associate Professor of Associate Professor and Mechanical Engineering Graduate Coordinator of the (Director of Thesis) Department of Mechanical Engineering _________________________ ________________________ B.Keith Hodge Carl A. James Professor of Assistant Research Professor Mechanical Engineering of Mechanical Engineering (Committee Member) (Committee Member) _________________________ A. Wayne Bennett Dean of the James Worth Bagley College of Engineering Name: Ian Tubman Date of Degree: May 10, 2003 Institution: Mississippi State University Major Field: Mechanical Engineering Major Professor: Dr. Louay Chamra Title of Study: AN ANALYIS OF WATER FOR WATER-SIDE FOULING POTENTIAL INSIDE SMOOTH AND AUGMENTED COPPER ALLOY CONDENSER TUBES IN COOLING TOWER WATER APPLICATIONS Pages in Study: 100 Candidate for Degree of Master of Science This thesis investigates the potential for fouling in plain and augmented tubes in cooling tower applications. Three primary factors that affect fouling potential are examined: inside tube geometry, water velocity, and water quality. This paper presents a literature survey for in general precipitation fouling, particulate fouling, cooling water fouling, and fouling in enhanced tubes. -
Evaluation of Energy Conservation Measures for Wastewater Treatment Facilities
Evaluation of Energy Conservation Measures for Wastewater Treatment Facilities EPA 832-R-10-005 SEPTEMBER 2010 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Wastewater Management 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20460 EPA 832‐R‐10‐005 September 2010 Cover photo: Bucklin Point WWTF, MA. Photo courtesy of Narragansett Bay Commission. Cover insert photos (left to right): High Speed Magnetic Bearing Turbo Blower at the De Pere WTF, WI. Photo courtesy of Green Bay Metropolitan Sewerage District. Oxidation Ditch with Aeration Rotor at the City of Bartlett WWTP #1, TN. Photo courtesy of City of Bartlett Wastewater Division. Variable Outlet Vane Diffuser. Photo courtesy of Turblex, Inc. Evaluation of Energy Conservation Measures ii September 2010 Preface The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged by Congress with protecting the nation’s land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of environmental laws, the Agency strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a balance between human activities and the ability of ecosystems to support and sustain life. To meet this mandate, the Office of Wastewater Management (OWM) provides information and technical support to help solve environmental problems today and to build the knowledge base necessary to protect public health and the environment well into the future. This document was prepared under contract to EPA, by The Cadmus Group. The document provides information on current state‐of‐development as of the publication date; however, it is expected that this document will be revised periodically to reflect advances in this rapidly evolving area. Except as noted, information, interviews, and data development were conducted by the contractor. -
Performance of a Novel Green Scale Inhibitor
E3S Web of Conferences 266, 01019 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126601019 TOPICAL ISSUES 2021 Performance of a novel green scale inhibitor Leila Mahmoodi1, M. Reza Malayeri2, Farshad Farshchi Tabrizi3 1Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz Uni- versity, Iran 2Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany 3Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz Uni- versity, Iran Abstract:Many aspects of oilfield scale inhibition with green scale inhibi- tors (SIs) have remained untouched. For instance, the discharge of large amounts of produced water containing various types of hazardous chemi- cals, such as SIs into the environment has become a major concern. In- stead, environmental regulators encourage operators to look for greener SIs. In this study, the performance of a green SI was investigated using PHREEQC simulation. For a specific case study, two brines are considered to mix incompatibly to estimate the critical mixing ratio that has the high- est tendency to scaling. Subsequently, for 50/50 mixing ratio as the critical value, theoptimal dosage of SI and its performance in the presence of two different rocks were investigated such that 450 mg/L SI would be consi- dered as optimal value. Moreover, the simulated results show that more SI adsorption on calcite would be predicted, compared to dolomite. 1 Introduction In the oil and gas industry, one of the primary production problems is mineral deposition resulting from the water-flooding, incompatible water mixing, and/or hydro-fracturing processes that are applied to maintain sustainable hydrocarbon production in oil, gas, or gas-condensate fields [1]. -
A Review of Conversion Processes for Bioethanol Production with a Focus on Syngas Fermentation
Biofuel Research Journal 7 (2015) 268-280 Review Paper A review of conversion processes for bioethanol production with a focus on syngas fermentation Mamatha Devarapalli, Hasan K. Atiyeh* Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Summary of biological processes to produce ethanol from food based feedstocks. Overview of fermentation processes for ethanol production from biomass. Process development and reactor design are critical for feasible syngas fermentation. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Bioethanol production from corn is a well-established technology. However, emphasis on exploring non-food based Received 25 May 2015 feedstocks is intensified due to dispute over utilization of food based feedstocks to generate bioethanol. Chemical and Received in revised form 27 July 2015 biological conversion technologies for non-food based biomass feedstocks to biofuels have been developed. First generation Accepted 27 July 2015 bioethanol was produced from sugar based feedstocks such as corn and sugar cane. Availability of alternative feedstocks such Available online 1 September 2015 as lignocellulosic and algal biomass and technology advancement led to the development of complex biological conversion processes, such as separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), Keywords: simultaneo us saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), and syngas fermentation. SHF, Bioethanol SSF, SSCF, and CBP are direct fermentation processes in which biomass feedstocks are pretreated, hydrolyzed and then Conversion processes fermented into ethanol. Conversely, ethanol from syngas fermentation is an indirect fermentation that utilizes gaseous Syngas fermentation substrates (mixture of CO, CO2 and H2) made from industrial flue gases or gasification of biomass, coal or municipal solid waste. -
Fouling Factors: a Survey of Their Application in Today's Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Industry
AHRI Guideline E (formerly ARI Guideline E) 1997 GUIDELINE for Fouling Factors: A Survey Of Their Application In Today's Air Conditioning And Refrigeration Industry IMPORTANT SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS It is strongly recommended that the product be designed, constructed, assembled and installed in accordance with nationally recognized safety requirements appropriate for products covered by this guideline. ARI, as a manufacturers' trade association, uses its best efforts to develop guidelines employing state-of-the-art and accepted industry practices. However, ARI does not certify or guarantee safety of any products, components or systems designed, tested, rated, installed or operated in accordance with these guidelines or that any tests conducted under its standards will be non-hazardous or free from risk. Note: This guideline supersedes ARI Guideline E-1988. Price $10.00 (M) $20.00 (NM) ©Copyright 1997, by Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute Printed in U.S.A. Registered United States Patent and Trademark Office TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE Section 1. Purpose ...................................................................................................................... 1 Section 2. Scope ......................................................................................................................... 1 Section 3. Definitions................................................................................................................. 1 Section 4. Background .............................................................................................................. -
2010-2 Mukwonago January
n Was nsi tew co a is te r W W O W p . e O c r n a A I to , rs ion ’ Associat n Was nsi tew co a is te r W W O W p . e O c r n a A I to , rs ion ’ Associat n Was VOL. 184, FEBRUARY 2010 nsi tew co a is te r W W O W INSIDE THIS ISSUE p . e O c r n a A I • Feature treatment plant / Page 3 to , rs ion ’ Associat • Brain teasers / Page 21 • Annual Golf event announcement / Page 25 • Item for sale / Page 29 WISCONSIN WASTEWATER OPERATORS’ ASSOCIATION, INC. 2010 Annual Conference: Kalahari Resort, Wisconsin Dells October, 2010 Visit us Online: www.wwoa.org VOL. 184, FEBRUARY 2010 WISCONSIN WASTEWATER OPERATORS’ ASSOCIATION, INC. I know many of you serve your local communities in many President’s Message different ways beyond running the wastewater treatment I certainly hope that plant. You get involved in everything from snow plowing everyone had an enjoyable to garbage pick up to fire fighting to whatever else is tossed Holiday Season and was your way. Please remember to be safe when wearing these able to spend some quality many different hats you are requested to wear. I am sure time with family and most of you have heard about the explosion involving a friends. Reality seems to set dumpster fire not very far from the Green Bay area where in for me after the holidays one of the firefighters was fatally injured. I personally as the outside decorations know one of the persons involved in that tragedy and he get turned off (I personally was “lucky” to get out of there with only minor injuries, wait for warmer weather although the explosion did toss him around a bit. -
Planning and Financing Energy Efficient Infrastructure in Appalachia
Planning and Financing Energy Efficient Infrastructure in Appalachia Final Report With Academic Partners: Regional Research Institute, West Virginia University Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University December 30, 2011 Prepared for the Appalachian Regional Commission under Contract CO-16504-09 Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Key Findings ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1: Review of Existing Energy Management Planning and Financing Tools ............................................... 5 Chapter 2: Best Practices in Planning and Financing Energy-Efficient Infrastructure—Case Studies in Appalachia 35 Eight Energy Conservation Measures–Snapshots of Best Practices ................................................................ 36 Chapter 3: Case Studies of Counties in Appalachia .......................................................................................... 62 Case Study 1–Tompkins County, New York ................................................................................................. 65 Case Study 2–Fayette County, West Virginia................................................................................................ 75 Case Study 3–Hamilton County, Tennessee ................................................................................................