LIST OF PLATES

(colour) Oils of different colours after various detergent treatments between pages 16-17 (A) Watergate Bay, IS April (B) Booby's Bay, 8 April (c) Kynance Cove, 20 April 2 Comparison of detergent-oil emulsions 3 beach (A) Newly arrived splodges of oil on I April (B) Strand lines of redeposited treated oil on 5 May

4 (A) Detergent spraying in a remote cove near the Lizard, 22 April (B) Gunwalloe Fishing Cove, 28 April

5 (A, B) Cleansing operations at , 28 April

6 (colour) (A, B) Cotes du Nord, 21 June: oil/water emulsion at Tregastel-Plage, and polluted salt marsh nearby (c) Oil settled underwater at Mullion Harbour, 6 April

7 (colour) (A) Oil on the sea north of Ushant, 12 April (B) Isolated patch of oil south-west of Ushant, 18 May (c) Untreated oil, Bay of Biscay, 12 May

8 (colour) (A) Breaking wave with oil, Gunwalloe Fishing Cove, 30 March (B) Porthmeor Beach, St Ives, with untreated oil, 28 March

9 (A, B) Marazion: survival of top-shells and limpets,s May 56-57 (c) Limpet tooth marks on rock at , 9 June

10 Detergent spraying and polluted rocks at Trevone

I I Rock-face at Trevone-before and after pollution

12 Limpets killed by detergent at Trevone, mid-April

13 (colour) Whitesand Bay: (A) Sennen, 28 March, heavy oiling in high-water region (B) North of Sennen, 20 April, returning treated oil

14 (colour) (A) Viscous oil between boulders, Sennen, 28 March (B) Newly settled oil at Booby's Bay, Constantine, 29 March (c) Oil-impregnated sand at Sennen, 23 August Vlll LIST OF PLATES

15 (colour) (A) Surviving byssal threads of mussels killed between pages 80-1 by direct spraying, Trevone, 14 May (B) Dead shore molluscs, Trevone, 23 April (c) Damaged algae, Trevone, 23 April

16 (colour) Sewer rocks, Trevone, conditions in summer 1955 and on 9 July 1967 compared

17 (colour) Limpets controlling algal growth (A) and deposited oil (B) 96--97

18 (colour) (A) Heavily sprayed tide-pool, Kynance, 20 April (B) Untreated oil, impregnated with sand, flaking off rocks, Bedru• than, 7 August (c) Untreated oil strand line in Estuary, with Xanthoria surviving below it, 23 August

19 Barnacles (Chthamalus) killed by detergent (A), but unharmed by oil 104-5 deposit (B), early May 20 (A) Razor-shells (Ensis) affected by detergent near low water at Marazion, 28 March (B) Dead shells of Ensis, Mactra, etc., in 10 metres depth off Porthleven, 18 May 21 Oil in sand at (A) Sennen, 23 August, and (B) Perranuthnoe, 12 May 22 (A) Detergent-oil patch moving along coast from Porthleven, mid• April (B) Detergent emulsion spreading across the bay at Tregastel-Plage, Cotes du Nord, 21 June 23 (colour) Detergent-oil emulsion patch off Porthleven, showing II2-II3 oil separating away from the rest of the patch, 7 April 24 Underwater views of the rippled sand bottom off Porthleven, showing 120-1 moribund burrowing-urchins (Echinocardium) and razor-shells (Ensis), 19 April

25 (A) An oil-affected but live masked-crab (Corystes), IS April (B) Detergent-affected sea-urchin (Echinus), 24 April

26 (colour) (A) Detergent-affected Delesseria at 5 metres depth 128-129 off Porthleven, 5 April (B) Dead Echinus esculentus underwater at Sennen, 7 April (c) Dead bottom-fauna in 17 metres off Porthleven, 28 April (D) Shells of molluscs recently killed by detergent, in drift line, Constantine Bay, 8 April 27 (colour) Polluted shores in Guernsey and Brittany 144-5 (A) Oil residue on rocks near Fort Ie Crocq, Guernsey, 10 July (B) Oiled rocks on He Renot, Cotes du Nord, 21 June (c) Oiled salt marsh and sand near Tregastel, Cotes du Nord, 21 June LIST OF PLATES IX

28 (colour) (A, B) Dense swarm of Noctiluca with craie between pages 160-1 de Champagne and small lumps of oil, 12 May (c) Treatment of shore at Tregastel-Plage, Cotes du Nord, 21 June 29 Cleansing methods in Brittany (A) Steam-clearing oily rocks at Locquirec, 20 June (B) Detergent spraying at Tregastel-Plage, 21 June