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The Changing Faces of Development Aid and Cooperation: Encouraging Global Justice Or Buttressing Inequalities?

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The Changing Faces of Development Aid and Cooperation: Encouraging Global Justice Or Buttressing Inequalities? REALITY OF AID 2018 REPORT The Changing Faces of Development Aid and Cooperation: Encouraging Global Justice or Buttressing Inequalities? The Reality of Aid The Changing Faces of Development Aid and Cooperation The Reality of Aid 2018 Report Published in the Philippines in 2018 by IBON International IBON Center, 114 Timog Avenue, Quezon City 1103, Philippines Copyright © 2018 by The Reality of Aid International Coordinating Committee Writer/Editor: Brian Tomlinson Copy editor: Erin Ruth Palomares Layout and Cover Design: Jennifer Padilla Cover Photos: UN Photo/Igor Rugwiza UN Photo/Arpan Munier UN Photo/Marco Dormino Printed and Bound in the Philippines by Zoom Printing Co. Published with the assistance of: Coalition of the Flemish North-South Movement All rights reserved ISBN: 978-971-9657-15-6 i Contents 1 The Reality of Aid Network 3 Acknowledgments 5 Preface 7 Political Overview The Changing Faces of Aid: Encouraging Global Justice or Buttressing Inequalities? The Reality of Aid Network International Coordinating Commitee 29 Part 1: Reports 31 Chapter 1: ODA and the Private Sector to role in achieving the SDGs 33 Development Finance Institutions: The (in)coherence of their investments in private healthcare companies Benjamin M. Hunter, King’s College London; Anna Marriott, Oxfam GB 45 ODA and private sector resources to achieve the SDGs: The Ugandan case Juliet Akello, Uganda Debt Network 53 The Shortcoming of Blended Financing in Development Cooperation within the Energy Sector in Cameroon: Show-casing the Dibamba Thermal Power Project Charles Linjap, Investment Watch 63 International Finance Institutions: A focus on the private sector in North East India’s development challenges Jiten Yumnam, Centre for Research and Advocacy, Manipur 79 The World Bank in Africa: An analysis of World Bank aid and programmes in Africa and their impact Nahashon Gulali, ITRD Consulting Group and the Lending for Education in Africa Partnership Programme 93 Chapter 2: ODA, Security, Migration and Options for Development 95 Rising Militarism: Implications for Development Aid and Cooperation in Asia Pacific The Reality of Aid - Asia Pacific 118 Aiding Militarization: Role of South Korea’s ODA in “Peacekeeping” Activities in Asia Youngah Lee, People’s Solidarity for Participatory Democracy – South Korea 126 Militarization of Palestinian Aid Nora Lester Murad and Alaa Tartir, Aid Watch Palestine 134 Development Cooperation, Militarism and Conflict in the Contiguous Areas of Bangladesh, North East India and Myanmar Jiten Yumnam, Center for Research and Advocacy Manipur 149 Development Ground Zero: Philippines, Cambodia, Myanmar Council for People’s Development and Governance 156 Migration and Integrity of ODA as a Resource in Sub-Saharan Africa David Ugolor and Leo Atakpu, ANEEJ 167 Chapter 3: ODA and responding to the acute challenges of climate change 169 The Need for A Climate-related Official Development Assistance (CODA) Framework to Improve Climate Finance Status Quo S. Jahangir Hasan Masum, Coastal Development Partnership, Bangladesh 178 Off the tracks: Lack of climate finance could derail developing world’s ability to adapt to changing climate Jon Sward, Bretton Woods Project 186 EU Should reconsider its approach to climate finance Mattias Söderberg, Dan Church Aid 195 Chapter 4: Global Aid Trends, BRICS Reports, OECD Reports 197 Global Aid Trends in the Reality of Aid 2018: Growing diversions of ODA and a diminished resource for the SDGs 293 BRICS Reports 293 Measuring Brazilian South-South cooperation through a participatory approach Luara Lopes and Juliana Costa, ASUL – South-South Cooperation Research and Policy Center 302 One step forward, two steps back: Brazil’s impact in aid and international cooperation Ana Cernov, Human Rights Activist and Independent Consultant, Brazil 309 The Case of China’s Development Co-operation in Infrastructural Development in Angola and Kenya Vitalice Meja, Reality of Aid Africa 324 OECD Reports 324 Belgium More with less Griet Ysewyn, Lien Vandamme, Emma Bossuyt, 11.11.11; Antoinette Van Haute, CNCD-11.11.11 332 Canada Challenged by Ambition Gavin Charles and Fraser Reilly-King, Canadian Council for International Co-operation 341 European Union The modernisation of European development cooperation: leaving no one behind? Alexandra Rosen, CONCORD Europe 348 France Will Emmanuel Macron Make French Aid Great Again? Michael Siegel, Oxfam France 352 Germany Germany’s Engagement in Development: Struggling with ODA, migration and security interests at the European level Dr. Martina Fischer, Bread for the World 361 Italy Development cooperation to the test in a new political reality Luca de Fraia, Action Aid Italy 365 Japan Emphasizing SDGs but Increased Instrumentalisation Under the New Development Cooperation Charter Akio Takayanagi, Japan NGO Center for International Cooperation (JANIC) 352 The Netherlands A mixed message on ODA Daniela Rosche, Oxfam Novib 384 Norway What next for the long-standing champion of high aid levels? Irene Dotterud-Flaa, Save the Children Norway 393 Switzerland Decreasing ODA funds, increasingly spent on migration and public-private partnerships Eva Schmassmann and Jürg Staudenmann, Alliance Sud 399 United Kingdom “Aid in the national interest” – in the interest of the poorest? Mike Green, Bond USA 405 The challenges and opportunities of US Foreign Assistance under Trump Tariq Ahmad, Marc Cohen, Nathan Coplin, Aria Grabowski, Oxfam America 415 Part 2: Articles in the 2018 Report 423 Part 3: RoA Members Directory The Reality of Aid Network he Reality of Aid Network exists to promote national and international policies that contribute to new and effective strategies for poverty eradication built on solidarity and equity. Established in 1993, the Reality of Aid is a collaborative, non-profit initiative, involving non-governmental organisations from North and South. It is in special consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The Reality of Aid publishes regular, reliable reports on international development cooperation and the extent to which governments, North and South, address the extreme inequalities of income and the structural, social and political injustices that entrench people in poverty. The network has been publishing reports and Reality Checks on aid and development cooperation since 1993. These reports provide a critical analysis of how governments address the issues of poverty and whether aid and development cooperation policies are put into practice. The Reality of Aid International Coordinating Committee is made up of regional representatives of all participating agencies. REALITY OF AID NETWORK International Coordinating Committee (2018) Leo Atakpu Chairperson Africa Network for Environment and Economic Justice (ANEEJ) 39, Oyaide Street, Off Benoni Road, GRA, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria Tel. +2348023457333, +2348039718335 Email: [email protected] www.aneej.org Fraser Reilly-King Vice Chairperson/Representing non-European OECD Country CSO members Canadian Council for International Cooperation (CCIC) 39 McArthur Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1L 8L7 Canada Tel: +01 613 2417007 Fax: +01 613 2415302 Email: [email protected] www.ccic.ca 1 1 Vitalice Meja Reality of Aid Africa Wanandege Flats Apt 4D Kirichwa Road Kilimani P.O.Box 36851 - 00200 Nairobi Kenya Tel: + 254 202345762/ 254 704353043 Email: [email protected] www.roaafrica.org Coordinator The Reality of Aid – Asia Pacific 114 Timog Avenue Quezon City 1103, Philippines Tel: +63 2 9277060 ext. 201 Telefax: +63 2 9276981 Email: [email protected] www.realityofaid.org Polly Meeks Representing European Country CSO members European Network on Debt and Development (EURODAD) Rue d’Edimbourgh 18-26 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 8944645 Fax: +32 2 7919809 Email: [email protected] www.eurodad.org Lyn Angelica D. Pano Global Secretariat Coordinator 3/F IBON Center, 114 Timog Avenue Quezon City 1103, Philippines Tel: +63 2 9277060 ext. 204 Telefax: +63 2 9276981 Email: [email protected] www.realityofaid.org 2 Acknowledgments The Reality of Aid 2018 Report is written by authors from civil society organisations worldwide whose research draws on knowledge and expertise from aid agencies, academia, community-based organisations and governments. We would like to thank those who have generously contributed their knowledge and advice. Overall editorial control of the Reality of Aid 2018 Report lies with the Reality of Aid International Coordinating Committee, but the views expressed in the reports do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Coordinating Committee, or of IBON International that published this Report. The International Coordinating Committee was assisted by Brian Tomlinson as Content Editor, and Erin Ruth Palomares as Managing Editor. This Reality of Aid 2018 Report is published with support from 11.11.11-Coalition of the Flemish North-South Movement. 3 3 Preface Since its inception in 1992, the Reality of Aid (RoA), has been consistent in the annual production of a report monitoring performance of development aid and cooperation from the lens of poverty reduction and human rights. It remains the only southern-led global advocacy network on aid. The 2018 Reality of Aid (RoA) Report has the theme “The Changing Faces of Development Aid and Cooperation: Will new directions and forms of aid benefit the poor?” Authors of the different chapters examine in closer detail current narratives and trends in Official Development Assistance
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