TOXICOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 459 TOXICOLOGICAL PROBLEMS Military Publishing Ltd. TOXICOLOGICAL PROBLEMS Edited by Prof. Christophor Dishovsky, MD, PhD, DSc, ERT Assoc. Prof. Julia Radenkova – Saeva, MD, PhD SOFIA • 2014 1 C. Dishovsky, J. Radenkova-Saeva Copyright © 2014 Bulgarian Toxicological Society, Sofi a, Bulgaria All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, without written permission from the authors. Authors bear full responsibility for their contributions. Authors will not receive honoraria for their contributions. First published in February 2014 by Bulgarian Toxicological Society . A catalogue record of this book is available from National Library “St. St. Cyril and Methodius”, Sofi a. Toxicological Problems Editor: Christophor Dishovsky and Julia Radenkova-Saeva Bulgarian Toxicological Society . ISBN 978-954-509-509-2 2 TOXICOLOGICAL PROBLEMS CONTENTS Preface / 11 Part 1 ESTERASE STAUS ASSAY AS A NEW APPROACH TO OPC EXPOSURE ASSESMENT Chapter 1 Investigation of Esterase Status as a Complex Biomarker of Exposure to Organophosphorus Compounds Makhaeva G. F., Rudakova E. V. and Sigolaeva L. V. / 15 Chapter 2 Esterase Status of Various Species in Assessment of Exposure to Organophosphorus Compounds Boltneva N. P., Rudakova E. V., Sigolaeva L. V. and Makhaeva G. F. / 27 Chapter 3 Investigation of Mice Blood Neuropathy Target Esterase as Biochemical Marker of Exposure to Neuropathic Organophosphorus Compounds Rudakova E. V., Sigolaeva L. V. and Makhaeva G. F. / 39 Chapter 4 Layer-by-layer electrochemical biosensors for blood esterases assay Kurochkin I. N., Sigolaeva L. V., Eremenko A. V., Dontsova E. A., Gromova M. S., Rudakova E. V. and Makhaeva G. F. / 51 Chapter 5 Tyrosinase-based Biosensors for Assay of Carboxylesterase, Neuropathy Target Esterase, and Paraoxonase Activities in Blood Sigolaeva L., Eremenko A. V. , Rudakova E. V. ,Makhaeva G. F. and Kurochkin I. N. / 68 Chapter 6 Thick Film Thiol Sensors for Cholinesterases Assay Eremenko A. V., Dontsova E. A., Nazarov A. and Kurockin I. N. / 82 Chapter 7 Genotyping of Esterase Genes (Ache, Pnpla6, Bche and Ces1) and Paraoxonase 1 Gene (Pon1) Nosikov V. V., Bochkarev V. V. and Nikitin A.G. / 88 3 C. Dishovsky, J. Radenkova-Saeva Chapter 8 Esterase Status as Biomarker of OPC Exposure and Treatment with Reactivatror of ChE Dishovsky C., Ivanov T. and Petrova I. / 93 Part 2 CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS OF CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY Chapter 9 Multi-organ Dysfunction Syndrome – a Result of Prolonged Hypoxia from an Overdose of Methadone Gesheva M., Petkova M., Radenkova-Saeva J. and Loukova A. / 101 Chapter 10 Serotonin Syndrome in Acute Amphetamine Intoxication Kirova E. / 106 Chapter 11 Contemporary Profi le of Toxicological Morbidity at MMA in 2012, Sofi a Konov V., Neykova L. and Kanev K. / 111 Chapter 12 Clinical Case of a Welder Chronic Intoxication with Metal Aerosols Kuneva T., Apostolova D., Dimitrova T., Boyadzhieva V. and Petkova V. / 115 Chapter 13 Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Chemicals Among Miners Lyubomirova K. and Ratcheva Z. / 119 Chapter 14 Methadone Poisoning – Clinical and Psychosocial Constellations Radenkova – Saeva J. and Loukova A. / 124 Chapter 15 Mycotoxins – Adverse Human Health Effects Radenkova – Saeva J. / 129 Chapter 16 Blood Level of Histamine- Indicator for the Expression of Abstinence Syndrome in the Phase of Alcohol Withdrawal Neykova L., Konov V., Kanev K. and Galabova G. / 137 4 TOXICOLOGICAL PROBLEMS Chapter 17 Traditional and New Treatments of Addiction – Ethical and Legal Aspects Radenkova-Saeva J. and Saeva E. / 143 Chapter 18 Quercetin Use and Human Health: Risk and Benefi ts Tzankova V. and Dirimanov S. / 148 Chapter 19 Protective Effect of Aronia melanocarpa Fruit Juice in a Model of Paracetamol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Valcheva-Kuzmanova S. Kuzmanov K. / 160 Chapter 20 Exogenic Intoxication with Neuroleptix and Antipsychotic Medications – Clinical Case Dakova S., Ramshev N., Ramsheva Z., Ramshev K. and Kanev K. / 167 Chapter 21 Toxic Pneumofi brosis – Late Occurrence of Chronic Cadmium Exposition Apostolova D., Kuneva T., Petkova V. and Medzhidieva D. / 170 Chapter 22 Sick Building Syndrome – Proper Management for Protect Human Health Radenkova-Saeva J. and Saeva E. / 177 Chapter 23 Case of Severe Intoxication and Anaphylactic Reaction from Multiple Bee Stings Stefanova K. and Barzashka E. / 184 Chapter 24 Special Features in the Treatment after Pepper Spray KO jet Expoture in Childhood ( clinical case) Stefanova K. / 189 Chapter 25 Suicidal Self-poisonings and Resilience Vanev P. and Radenkova-Saeva J. / 194 Chapter 26 Toxicity of Amlodipine in Combination with Enalapril – a Case of Suicide Ramshev N., Dakova S., Ramsheva Z., Ramshev K. and Kanev K. / 201 5 C. Dishovsky, J. Radenkova-Saeva Chapter 27 Problems of Effective Clinical Communication in Cases of Acute Intoxication Yovcheva M. and Zlateva S. / 208 Chapter 28 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Problems of Toxoallergic Reaction after Scolopendra Bite – 10-Years Experience Yovcheva M., Marinov P. and Zlateva S. / 216 Chapter 29 Characteristics of Acute Chemical Poisonings in Ukraine: Morbidity and Mortality Levchenko O. and Kurdil N. / 225 Part 3 DRUG TOXICITY Chapter 30 Toxicology – Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Sofi a – in the Years Mitcheva M., Danchev N., Astroug H., Tzankova V., Simeonova R., Kondeva-Burdina M. and Vitcheva V. / 233 Chapter 31 7-Nitroindazole, a Selective Inhibitor of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase ( Nnos) Attenuates Cocaine and Amphetamine Withdrawal and Brain Toxicity in Rats Vitcheva V., Simeonova R. and Mitcheva M. / 241 Chapter 32 Cytotoxic Effects Of Zn/Ag Complex On Cultured Non-Tumor Cells Alexandrova R., Abudalleh A., Zhivkova T., Dyakova L., Shishkov S., Alexandrov M., Marinescu G., Culit D. C. and Patron L. / 248 Chapter 33 Effects of D-Amphetamine on Brain and Hepatocytes Isolated from Male and Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (Shr Simeonova R., Kondeva-Burdina M., Vitcheva V. and Mitcheva M. / 254 Chapter 34 An Update on the Signifi cance of Pharmacovigilance in Patient Safety Ozcagli E., Vynias D., Alpertunga B. and Tsatsakis A. M. / 263 6 TOXICOLOGICAL PROBLEMS Chapter 35 Effectsof Multiple Ethanol Administration on Some Brain and Hepatic Biochemical Parameters in Male and Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (Shr) Simeonova R., Vitcheva V. and Mitcheva M. / 268 Chapter 36 Gold Nanoparticles Cytotoxicity Evaluationin HEP G2 Cells Tzankova V., Kachamakova M., Valoti M. / 280 Chapter 37 Pilot Studies of Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Newly Synthesized Neuropeptides with Short Chains Stoeva S., Кlisurov R., TanchevaL., Dragomanova S., Pajpanova T., Kalfi n R., and Georgieva A. / 287 Chapter 38 The Procsses of Bioactivation, Toxicity and Detoxication – Experimental Models for Evaluation of the Toxicity Mitcheva M., and Kondeva-Burdina M. / 292 Chapter 39 OPRD1 Polymorphism is not Associated with Chronic Cocaine Use Vakonaki E., Manoli O., Kovatsi L., Mantsi M., DiamantaraE., Belivanis S., Tzatzarakis M. and Tsatsakis A. M. / 301 Chapter40 Effect of Myosmine, Administered Alone and on Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Toxicity in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes Kondeva-Burdina M., Gorneva G.and Mitcheva M. / 307 Chapter 41 Cytoprotective Effects of Saponarin from Gypsophila Trichotoma on Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide and Cocaine-Induced Toxicity in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes Kondeva-Burdina M., Simeonova R., Vitcheva V. , Krasteva I. and Mitcheva M. / 313 Part 4 CHEMICALS TOXICITY Chapter 42 Toxic Effects of Benzene Metabolites Hydroquinone, Catechol and Phenol in HL60 Cells Tzankova V., Velichkov B. and Valoti M. / 321 7 C. Dishovsky, J. Radenkova-Saeva Chapter 43 Environmental Chemical Pollution Impact on Italian Campania Region Noschese G. and Kostadinov R. / 328 Chapter 44 An Update of Issues Regarding Hair Analysis of Organic Pollutants Kavvalakis M., Appenzeller B. and Tsatsakis A. M. / 333 Chapter 45 Effect of Solvents on the Toxicity of Some L-Valine Peptidomimetics in Rats Klisurov R., Encheva E. , Genadieva M., Tancheva L. and Tsekova D. / 341 Chapter 46 Health Risk Associated with Genetic Polymorphism of Apoe in Bulgarian Workers Exposed to Carbon Disulfi de Georgieva T., Genova Z., Peneva-NikolovaV. , Panev T., Mikhailova A. and PopovT. / 345 Chapter 47 Chemical Risk Assessment an Imperative in Medical Training and Education Kostadinov R., Kanev K. and Noschese G. / 354 Chapter 48 Neonicotinoid Pesticides– Some Medical Intelligence Concerns Kostadinov R., Noschese G. and Popov G. / 360 Part 5 CHEMICAL TERRORISM, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF EXPOSURE TO CHEMICAL AGENTS Chapter 49 Chemical Weapon Information Revealed By Aum Shinrikyo Death RowInmate Dr. Tomomasa Nakagawa Tu A. T. / 369 Chapter 50 Research of Mobility of Sodium Arsenite in Soils of Areas of Destruction of the Chemical Weapon Petrov V., Shumilova M., Nabokova O. and Lebedeva M. / 374 Chapter 51 The Control of Formation of Dioxins in Incinerators for Reactionary Masses of Destruction of the Chemical Weapon Petrov V., Stompel S. and Bukov V. / 379 8 TOXICOLOGICAL PROBLEMS Chapter 52 The Effi ciency of Carbamates as Components of Prophylactic Antidotes Against OP Poisoning Tonkopii V. and Zagrebin A. / 384 Chapter 53 A New Possibility for Separate Detection of Organophosphates and Carbamates Tonkopii V. and Zagrebin A. / 389 Chapter 54 Biomarkers of Organophosphorus Compounds Poisoning and Exposure: