DOCSLIB.ORG

A Historic Review of Endodontics, 1689-1963, Part 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Historic Review of Endodontics, 1689-1963, Part 1 ENDODONTIC HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE This # the fi~st of a three-part series. Part 2 of this Historical Perspective will appear in next month's Journal. A historic review of endodontics, 1689-1963, part 1 William P. Cruse, DDS, and R. Bellizzi, DDS This review is not intended to add to icant accomplishments since 1963, way into the tooth structure from our technical repertoire but rather to but we have delegated to others the contaminated food, if, in fact, they aid in our current understanding of assignment of recognizing the con- did exist). endodontics. How can we appraise a temporary leaders in endodontia. In 1700, in a letter to the Royal new development or evaluate vol- Society of London, Anton von Leeu- umes of contemporary literature wenhoek, the "father of modern without placing them in their proper The Empirical era (1687-1805) microscopy," identified what he be- perspective? By reviewing and un- lieved was the source of such contam- derstanding the accomplishments of Charles Allen is credited with writ- ination: worm-infested cheese. 2 His our predecessors, perhaps we can ing the first book in English devoted findings did much to quash the expand our future development. exclusively to dentistry. Although "tooth worm" theory. The objective of this paper is to endodontics as we know it tody was In 1728, Pierre Fauchard, the review the written history of develop- not practiced at that time, Allen "founder of modern dentistry," ments in endodontic practice in discussed procedures for transplant- wrote The Surgeon Dentist. This book chronological order. We have chosen ing teeth in his third edition, pub- provided accurate descriptions of to begin our review with the year lished in 1687. However, he did not pulp cavities and root canals of Vari- 1687, when Charles Allen described record the pulpal procedure per- ous teeth. In it Fauchard described procedures for transplanting teeth in formed when "taking out the rotten the practice of opening teeth to the first English-language book de- teeth or stumps and putting in their relieve abscesses and to evacuate pus. voted entirely to dentistry. Although places some sound ones drawn imme- After leaving the tooth open for a some authors have cited accomplish- diately out of some poor body's period of two to three months he ments made in endodontics from head. ''1 filled the pulp chamber with lead ancients times, understanding these The "tooth worm" theory per- foil. Although he did not mention in light of the field of endodontics we sisted through the ages since Baby- root canal therapy, he described a know and practice today is some- lonian times. The tooth worm was pulp extirpation procedure using a times difficult. thought to reside in the hollow por- small pin. Fauchard also described This paper is not intended io tion of a tooth, where it would cause his treatment for deep carious review the recent history of endodon- a toothache by gnawing at the struc- lesions: application of the oil of ties. We have purposely ended the ture of the tooth. Even Pierre Fau- cloves or cinnamon to the affected chronology with the year in which chard would not publicly deny its area for several weeks. For a persis- endodontics achieved recognition as existence (although he said that the tent toothache, he mixed opium with a special area in dentistry. We do not tooth worms were not spontaneously the oiP (Neaverth, E.J., unpublished imply that there have been no signif- generated and must have found their material). 495 JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS VO/6, NO 3, MARCH 19~ In 1756, Phillip Pfaff, the German oil, frequently gives relief, and if innovator for his time as he stressed dentist to Frederick the Great, first repeated for sometime, often destroys the importance of preserving natural mentioned a pulp-capping proce- the nerve." He also used repeated teeth.~l dure. He simply cut out a piece of applications of crude opium and John Callow, London, in his Opin- gold or lead to approximate the camphor to cauterize the nerve. 7 ions on the Causes and Effects of Diseases opening over the pulp and placed By the end of the 18th century, in the Teeth and Gums, published in this over the exposure so that the Frederick Hirsch, a noted German 1819, credited Charles Bew with de- surface nearest the PUlP was concave. practitioner, wrote of diagnosing scribing the flow of blood into the This prevented the metal from con- occult dental diseases by tapping the pulp through the apical foramen and tacting the exposed nerve. The tech- suspected teeth. He found that the out through the dentinal wall and nique was probably an improvement diseased tooth elicited pain on per- periodontal membrane. This placed over Fauchard's method of filling the cussion. The treatment he recom- Bew along others of his time who cavity directly over the exposure.' mended was perforation of the tooth subscribed to the "vitalistic theory" Bourdet, the dentist to Louis XV at its neck followed by repeated of teeth. ~ Of France, in 1757 described a proce- insertion of a red-hot probe. He con- A young German immigrant, born dure for extracting carious teeth, fill- sidered the tooth cured after the in 1785, came to this country and ing the root canals with gold or lead, cavity was filled with lead? failed in his efforts to become a and replanting them. He also salesman. In 1807, with little or no described an "intentional" endodon= The Vitalistic era (1806-1878) formal background in dentistry, he tic treatment in which he dislocated opened a Philadelphia dental office. a symptomatic tooth in order to sever In 1805, J. B. Gariot became one Eleazar Parmly, the founder and co- the nerve, and then immediately of the first to recognize the problem editor of the first dental journal, placed it back in its socket? This of vitality in connection with pulp described the young man's first practice had been described treatment, in Traitk des Maladies de la extraction this way: "He grasped the hundreds of years earlier by the Ara- Bouche, he declared that destruction tooth with an instrument, shut his bian physician Avicenna? of the pulp does not destroy the eyes, and turning his head from the The first recorded description of vitality of the tooth. 8 patient, made a strong effort which an endodontic procedure in this Although Bourdet has been cred- dislodged the tooth." This was an country has been attributed to ited by some as the first to have used inauspicious beginning for Leonard Robert Woofendate, who came to an impervious root canal filling, the Koecker, who became a successful New York from England in 1766. He specimen he used was probably a dentist and wrote Principles of Dental brought with him a method of alle- displaced tooth that he reimplanted Surgery in 1826, an excellent text that viating pain by cauterizing the pulp or transplanted. Therefore, the roots became a standard work for 50 with a hot instrument. He concluded were probably not "in situ" while years.1 the treatment by stuffing cotton in being filled? -~ Koecker believed that, when a the open canals? ~ In 1802, B. T. Longbothom, pulp was destroyed by disease or by (Of course, the Greeks and Ro- Charleston, SC, recommended filling artificial means, the whole dentinal mans had used cautery earlier. In the roots of teeth when it was core of the tooth immediately died. addition to hot instruments, they deemed inadvisable to extract them? The tooth then became a foreign also used boiling oil, herbs, opium, However, Edward Hudson, an Irish- body, which necessitated extraction and arsenic to desiccate the dental man practicing in Philadelphia, is to.prevent inflammation and subse- pulp)? generally given credit for having quent suppuration and death of the In his publication Practical Observa- been the first to place fillings in root vital tissues around it. tions on the Human Teeth, Robert Woo- canals in 1809. He packed the canals In an effort to avoid loss of the fendale described his method for with gold foil, using instruments of tooth, Koecker popularized the pulp treating a nerve exposure. "When his own design? 1~ Hudson was an capping procedure. Athough he is the nerve is exposed, a small bit of exceedingly thorough and successful sometimes given credit for introduc- lint, dipped in the oil of cinnamon, clinician in his use of gold as a ing and even for inventing the cap- cloves, turpentine, or any chemical restorative material. 7 He was an ping operation, it was essentially the 496 JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS VOL 6, NO 3, MARCH 1980 ~me treatment that Pfaff described ic pulp was cauterized with a hot canals2 .13 However, he became most in 1756- 7~ Koecker believed that liv- instrument, or corrosive acids such as famous for the Maynard Rifle, which hag tissue could not remain healthy sulfuric or nitric were used to destroy he designed and which was used by mad viable beside dead tissue. the pulpal tissue. Then, Shearjashub armies all over the world (Milas, Although not all of his successors Spooner, New York, used a proto- V.B., personal communication, Oct, subscribed to this principle, it domi- plasmic poison (arsenic trioxide) to 1974). nated pulp treatment procedures for devitalize the pulp before removing In 1839, Baker wrote in the Ameri- over 50 years, s it 5 (Neaverth, E.J., unpublished ma- can Journal of Dental Science that his Although the "vitalistic" or "dou- terial). Spooner was not the first to treatment for an exposed nerve was ble membrane" theory dates to the use arsenic, however, as the practice to remove the nerve, clean the canal, beginning of the 19th century, it was dates back to the ancient Chinese and fill the canal with gold foil.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Periodontology – the Historical Outline from Ancient Times Until the 20Th Century Istorijski Razvoj Parodontologije Zlata Brkić*†, Verica Pavli懧
    Vojnosanit Pregl 2017; 74(2): 193–199. VOJNOSANITETSKI PREGLED Page 193 UDC: 616.31(091) HISTORY OF MEDICINE DOI: 10.2298/VSP150612169B Periodontology – the historical outline from ancient times until the 20th century Istorijski razvoj parodontologije Zlata Brkić*†, Verica Pavli懧 *Clinic for Dentistry, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; †Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia; ‡Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, §Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina Introduction cations 1–3. This finding was further confirmed by decorated gold toothpicks founded in the exavations at the Nigel Tem- The diseases of the periodontium are considered as old as ple, Ur in Mesopotamia 2. 1–3 the recorded history of mankind . The historical evaluation of Almost all of our knowledge of Babylonian and pathology and therapeutics can be traced through the variety of Assyrian medicine comes from the clay tablets of the great sources: anatomical findings from more or less well-preserved library of Ashurbanipal (king of Assyria), that includes a skeletal parts, detailes observed in mummies, instruments and number of remedies for periodontal disease, such as “if a equipments collected during archaelogical investigations and man's teeth are loose and itch a mixture of myrrh, asafetida evidence from engravings and various manuscripts 2. Studies in and opopanax, as well as pine-turpentine shall be rubbed on paleopathology have indicated that a destructive periodontal di- his teeth until blood comes forth and he shall recover” 2.
    [Show full text]
  • ADA.Org: Dental History Timeline
    ARCHIVES OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION HISTORY OF DENTISTRY TIMELINE Compiled from various sources by ADA Library/Archives staff Ancient Origins • 5000 BC -A Sumerian text of this date describes “tooth worms” as the cause of dental decay. • 2600 BC -Death of Hesy-Re, an Egyptian scribe, often called the first “dentist.” An inscription on his tomb includes the title “the greatest of those who deal with teeth, and of physicians.” This is the earliest known reference to a person identified as a dental practitioner. • 1700-1550 BC -An Egyptian text, the Ebers Papyrus, refers to diseases of the teeth and various toothache remedies. • 500-300 BC -Hippocrates and Aristotle write about dentistry, including the eruption pattern of teeth, treating decayed teeth and gum disease, extracting teeth with forceps, and using wires to stabilize loose teeth and fractured jaws. • 100 BC -Celsus, a Roman medical writer, writes extensively in his important compendium of medicine on oral hygiene, stabilization of loose teeth, and treatments for toothache, teething pain, and jaw fractures. • 166-201 AD-The Etruscans practice dental prosthetics using gold crowns and fixed bridgework. The Beginnings of A Profession—Middle Ages • 500-1000 -During the Early Middle Ages in Europe medicine and surgery, including dentistry, is generally practiced by monks, the most educated people of the period. • 700 -A medical text in China mentions the use of “silver paste,” a type of amalgam. • 1130-1163 -A series of Papal edicts prohibit monks from performing any type of surgery, bloodletting or tooth extraction. Barbers often assisted monks in their surgical ministry because they visited monasteries to shave the heads of monks and the tools of the barber trade—sharp knives and razors—were useful for surgery.
    [Show full text]
  • Pierre Fauchard, His Life and His Work
    DOI: 10.1051/odfen/2011102 J Dentofacial Anom Orthod 2011;14:103 Ó RODF / EDP Sciences Pierre Fauchard, his life and his work Xavier DELTOMBE ABSTRACT Pierre Fauchard (1678-1761) is known as the father of dentistry. This division of medicine participated fully in the enlightenment. After a second reading of his book, The Dental Surgeon, an examination of recent publications of 18th century practitioners, and the discovery of new documents, we have gained a better understanding of the man, the dental surgeon, and the place of scientists in his century. KEYWORDS Pierre Fauchard The Dental Surgeon Grand-Mesnil Orthodontics Conflicts of interest: none Received: 07-2010. History of medicine. Accepted: 10-2010. INTRODUCTION Dentists throughout the world have a invent it not so very long ago. From its title good idea of who Pierre Fauchard was to the last of its 900 pages this tome because they have often listened to lectures contains nothing but words of scientific given in amphitheaters bearing the name of reflection, keen observation, and precise the father of dentistry. Pierre Fauchard clinical sagacity. This great clinician and revolutionized the world of medicine in scrupulous scientist of the century of the 1728 when he published a book with the enlightenment reported his studies of the evocative title, Le Chirurgien dentiste1 (The dental fields of prevention, anatomy, sur- Surgeon Dentist). This compound word has gery, dentofacial orthopedics, and treatment taken such an important position in our lives for dental and oral disease that until then that it is hard to believe someone had to had been examined only superficially or not Address for correspondence: X.
    [Show full text]
  • Pierre Fauchard "The Father of Modern Dentistry" PIERRE FAUCHARD the "Father of Modern Dentistry"
    História Pierre Fauchard "The father of modern dentistry" PIERRE FAUCHARD The "Father of Modern Dentistry" Pierre Fauchard O "Pai da Odontologia Moderna" Wilson Denis Martins 1 The 17th century saw many advances in all areas of science, technology and medicine. In 1728 Pierre Fauchard, a French dentist, published "Le Chirurgien Dentiste", which contained detailed information about several aspects of contemporary dentistry. Fauchard was followed by John Hunter, in England, who had published his book, "The Natural History of the Human Teeth", and gave the first course of dental lectures at Guy´s Hospital in London. Pierre Fauchard joined the navy at the age of 15, and came under the influence of a navy Surgeon Major, A. Poteleret, who had spent time studying the diseases of the mouth, in special of the dental organs. This man inspired and encouraged Fauchard do real and carefully investigate the findins of his predecessors in the healing arts. During 3 years, Fauchard, who was a voracious reader with an endless enthusiasm to learn and share with others, acquired skill and knowledge not usually found in someone so young. He returned from the Navy in 1696 and opened a practice in Angers, at that time an University Center. In 1718 he moved to Paris, where he was called on by eminent general surgeons for dental related consultations and referrals. He was now recognized as he most outstanding dental surgeon in all oF France! Before Fauchard, dentists were called "Dentateurs" (Denture Makers). They were very few and mainly did extractions of the teeth. However, the barbers also extracted teeth an were expert in using leeches for bleeding.
    [Show full text]
  • Lwws-CDA Chap01.Indd 1 4/27/2011 12:05:23 PM
    LWWs-CDA_Chap01.indd 1 4/27/2011 12:05:23 PM LWWs-CDA_Chap01.indd 2 4/27/2011 12:05:26 PM LWWs-CDA_Chap01.indd 3 4/27/2011 12:05:31 PM 4 PART I INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL ASSISTING TABLE 1-1 Timeline: Dental History DATE LOCATION EVENT 2600s BCE Egypt First known dentist (Hesi-Re) practices 500–300 BCE Greece Aristotle and Hippocrates advance practice of medicine and dentistry 250 BCE China First cleft palate repair 25 BCE–50 CE Rome Celsus writes on oral health and dental treatments 166–201 CE Etruria (Italy) Etruscan artisans fashion notable bridgework and dentures 410 Rome Fall of the Roman Empire; Middle Ages begin in Europe 500–1000 Europe Monks practice medicine, surgery, and dentistry 700 China First mention of silver amalgam for treating caries 1000s Islamic Spain Albucasis describes how to remove tartar 1130–1163 Europe Pope forbids monks from practicing surgery or tooth extraction 1130–1163 Europe Barber surgeons take over practice of surgery and tooth extraction 1210 and France Barbers continue tooth extractions; other surgeons train for general onward surgery 1530 Germany First book devoted to dentistry, The Little Medicinal Book for All Kinds of Diseases and Infi rmities of the Teeth, published 1575 France Ambroise Paré, Father of Surgery, includes writings on dentistry in his Complete Works 1723 France Pierre Fauchard, Father of Modern Dentistry, completes his textbook, Treatise on the Teeth 1760 United States Irish dentist John Baker immigrates from England to set up practice in America 1760–1780 United States Career of Isaac Greenwood, fi rst American-born dentist 1768–1770 United States Boston silversmith Paul Revere enters dental practice 1789 France First patent issued for porcelain teeth 1790 United States First dental foot engine invented 1790 United States First dental chair, with headrest and arm extension 1801 United States Richard C.
    [Show full text]
  • Primitive Orthodontics
    Don’t try straightening your teeth at home... Primitive Orthodontics... by Dr. Brad Edgren id you know that Marie Antoinette had braces? Well, not actually braces but she did have an early form of Dorthodontic treatment that was part of a whole body makeover to morph her into a more desirable bride to the family of the Dauphin of France, Louis XVI. Fauchard wrote a treatise titled “Le Chirugien Dentiste” (The Surgeon Dentist) in 1728. At the time, it was considered the “enchiridion” on dentistry. Fauchard’s Bandeau appliance was a horseshoe shaped piece of a precious metal, often gold, with perforations along the “U” shaped arch form that was placed within the mouth. Gold wires were strung through the perforations and tied to the Diagram of dentures from Pierre Fauchard’s teeth. The wires would have to be tight - Le chirurgien dentiste ou traité des dent. ened every few days to continue to move married by proxy to Louis-Auguste. Her the teeth towards the gold horseshoe. name changed to Marie Antoinette when Marie may have also required filing or she arrived in France on May 14, 1770. slenderization between the teeth (called On October 16, 1793, as a result of the Interproximal reduction today) to create A pastel of the young Maria Antonia sent to French Revolution, she was tried by the the Dauphin ahead of their marriage. additional space to unravel the crowding. Revolutionary Tribunal and executed by After several months of treatment her guillotine. Along with her unfashionably high smile was deemed acceptable. The After reading this article, one might forehead, scattered with patches of Bandeau was likely a very bulky and think that Marie Antoinette had one of the missing hair at the hairline, her smile was uncomfortable device compared to earliest forms of orthodontic treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Dental Assisting
    © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION partNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONI © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCIntroduction© Jones & Bartlett toLearning, Dental LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Assisting © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 1 The Dental Assisting Profession 2 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC2 Professionalism© Jones 15 & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 3 The Dental Office Team 25 4 Ethics and Law 33 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC, an Ascend Learning Company. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 9781284268133_CH01_001_014.indd 1 19/03/20 8:18 AM © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC chapter©
    [Show full text]
  • History of Dentistry
    HISTORY OF DENTISTRY Since prehistoric times, when people have had issues One of the first recorded dentists in the America was with their teeth, there have been other people there John Baker, who settled in Boston in 1763. George to help. How we care for our teeth has changed over Washington, our first president, was also famous for the past several thousand years, and today we call the his false teeth. While many people believe George professionals who care for our teeth dentists. Evidence Washington had wooden false teeth, this was not of dental decay has been found in teeth from skulls that true. Wood is not a good material for false teeth since are 25,000 years old and archaeologists have evidence saliva would have turned them into a mushy pulp. of the first dental fillings in teeth from people who lived The first president’s false teeth came from a variety around 8000 BC. of sources, including teeth extracted from human The first written reference to dental decay is found and animal corpses. In 1785, John Greenwood, who in a Sumerian text from 5000 BC. Ancient Egyptian served as George Washington’s dentist helped to papers dating as back as far as 3700 BC have references raise public awareness about the newly invented to diseases of the teeth, and describe substances to be porcelain false teeth. A breakthrough in false teeth mixed and applied to the mouth to relieve pain. The happened in 1839 with the discovery of vulcanized first references to dentists are in ancient Egyptian texts rubber, which could be used to hold false teeth.
    [Show full text]
  • Pierre Fauchard the Father of Modern Dentistry (1678 - 1761)
    www.sada.co.za / SADJ Vol. 75 No. 1 FRONT COVER PICTURE < 3 Pierre Fauchard the father of modern Dentistry (1678 - 1761) Pierre Fauchard (1678 -1761) started his working life at the age of 15 as a cadet in the French Navy. There he was greatly influenced by a Navy Surgeon, Alexander Potelert, who lit the interest in the healing arts which was to direct the career of the young Pierre. Pursuing that commitment, Fauchard left the navy after three years at sea, during which time he had observed many oral diseases, espe- cially scurvy, amongst his colleagues. Pierre simply began working as a dentist.. there were no formal training courses and no formal regulatory bodies at that time. At the University of Angers, he undertook revolutionary medical and dental work and pioneered the sciences of Oral and Maxillo-facial surgery. He used the title “Chirugien Dentiste” (surgical dentist), developed seve- ral instruments, often based on jewellery, watchmaking and even barbers’ tools. He pursued a philosophy of en- deavouring to save teeth rather than simply extracting the offending item. Uncharacteristically for the time, Fauchard was eager to share his knowledge, skills and techniques and between 1716 and 1718, he spent much time travelling, studying and teaching. Pierre settled in Paris in 1718 ...a city which Fauchard identified sugar as a major hazard to dental saw him refine his techniques, extend his acumen... health ...and disproved the German theory of a “tooth and commence work towards his seminal contribution worm”. Intriguingly he recommended braces to correct to dental literature. There were then scant books on poorly positioned teeth and suggested amalgams for Dentistry and Pierre decided to produce an encyclo- tooth restorations.
    [Show full text]
  • Feel Like Yourself Again
    Dr. Morales Dr. Stamatelakys Dr. Eddie Morales attended Marquette University, Dr. Constantine Stamatelakys is a 1977 graduate of where he earned his D.D.S. degree with honors in 2010 Marquette University School of Dentistry. He obtained Feel like and was recognized for distinguished achievements his certificate in periodontics from Eastman Dental receiving: the American Student Dental Association Center in 1986. He maintains a private practice with Annual Senior Award; the AAP Dental Student Award for a focus on implants and periodontal plastic surgery in yourself Achievement in Periodontology and; was elected into the Greenfield, Wisconsin. Omicron Kappa Upsilon National Dental Honor Society. Dr. Stamatelakys is a Past President of the Wisconsin again After receiving his dental degree, Dr. Morales trained Dental Association and the Wisconsin Society of Eddie Morales, DDS in Periodontics at the world-renowned Mayo Clinic Constantine Periodontists. He served as vice-chair on the Joint in Rochester, MN where he obtained his certificate in Stamatelakys, DDS Commission of the National Board Examination and Diplomate of the Periodontics in 2013. as Assistant Clinical Professor at Marquette University School of Dentistry. He has been recognized by the American Board of Eddie Morales, DDS is an active member in the Periodontist at American Dental Association, American Academy Pierre Fauchard Academy as a Fellow and received the Periodontology of Periodontology, and the Midwest Society of Premier Periodontics Award of Honor. He is a Fellow in the American College Periodontology. He is also on the Board of Directors of of Dentists and the International College of Dentists. Periodontist at the Greater Milwaukee Dental Association and is Co- The Wisconsin Dental Association recognized him with two Presidential Awards.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Gold in Dentistry
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector The Use of Gold in Dentistry AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW. PART II J. A. Donaldson British Dental Association Museum, London, U.K. Much is to be learned about the use of gold in con- culate, the way was open for the development of nection with artificial teeth during the eighteenth cen- methods to improve the accuracy of the fit of dentures tury, from the works of French dentists. In 1699, a and for the use of gold plates as denture bases. law was passed in France which limited the practice of dentistry to persons who had received specific Gold as the Denture Base training. Although the provisions of the law could be In his Recherches et Observations sur Toutes les Par- avoided without difficulty, its implementation led to ties de l'Art du Dentiste' of 1757, Etienne Bourdet (25) a need for education in dentistry and for text-books. It described and illustrated an artificial denture with a was this need that stimulated Pierre Fauchard (8) to gold base which was enamelled to conceal its con- produce `Le Chirurgien Dentiste', in which he spicuous colour. Commenting on this, Hoflimann- displayed a much more scientific attitude than any Axthelm (23) pointed out that Bourdet's goldsmith previous dental author. Moreover, it is clear from the worked from a negative wax impression (modele en text that he wrote from extensive clinical experience. tire) after the manner that Purmann had already sug- Fauchard's book describes the use of ox bones and gested in the seventeenth century and that Pfafis of teeth from humans, hippopotami, sea-horses or positive model method, although contemporary with oxen for the construction of dentures and the use of Bourdet's work, remained unknown in Paris for some gold wire, bands and springs to attach these to decades.
    [Show full text]
  • 922-Discovery Layout 1.Qxd
    DISCOVERY! Martin Taubman, Editor Andrew I. Spielman The Birth of the Most Important Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; [email protected] 18th Century Dental Text: Pierre J Dent Res 86(10):922-926, 2007 Fauchard’s Le Chirurgien Dentist ABSTRACT hat was it like to write a textbook early in the 18th century in a new Pierre Fauchard (1678-1761) is considered the Wfield like dentistry? How did the original manuscript get put together? father of modern dentistry. His seminal book, Le How did Fauchard go about running his ideas past other professionals? Chirurgien Dentiste, ou Traité des Dents (1728), Who, exactly, were the people Fauchard consulted between 1723 and 1728, is the discipline's first complete work. During the and why? These are some of the questions I asked in looking at Le five years preceding its publication (1723-1728), Chirurgien Dentiste, ou Traité des Dents (1728) (Fig. 1), the first complete Pierre Fauchard sought the opinions, work in dentistry, and the textbook that made Pierre Fauchard (1678-1761) contributions, and "approbation" (approval) of 19 the "Father and Founder of Dental Surgery" (Viau, 1923a). This paper is not of his colleagues: six physicians, 12 surgeons, and an account of Fauchard's life or his seminal contributions to the field. one dentist. The first and most important Several excellent reviews, including some recent ones, have done that (Viau contributor to the manuscript was Jean Devaux, 1923a,b; Weinberger, 1941; Hoffmann-Axthelm, 1981; Angot, 1983; Lynch surgeon and mentor to Fauchard.
    [Show full text]