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A Review of Andhra Pradesh's Climate Resilient Zero Budget

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A Review of Andhra Pradesh's Climate Resilient Zero Budget A Review of Andhra Pradesh’s Climate Resilient Zero Budget Natural Farming Programme Leo F. Saldanha Environment Support Group October 2018 Acknowledgements & Disclaimers The author is grateful to those individuals who deemed it necessary to share some ‘secret documents’ pertaining to the programme that they believe should be in the public domain. These individuals have risked their security in the process. The author gratefully acknowledges the comments and criticisms provided by many friends and colleagues on an earlier draft of this paper. In particular, the comments and criticisms offered by Dr. Vandana Shiva, Aruna Rodriques, Narasimha Reddy Donthi, C R Bijoy, Vivek Cariappa, Juli Cariappa, EAS Sarma, A R Vasavi, Carol Upadhya, A Ravindra, C V Ramanjaneyalu, Kavita Kuruganti, and several others who prefer to remain unnamed, is acknowledged. The author is grateful to Ahan Bezbaroa and Swetha Rao Dhananka for their help in editing this document. Cheryl B assisted with the design. The research backing this report, and the dissemination of this report, has not been funded by any individual or organization. This paper may be circulated, translated and reprinted without any prior permission of Environment Support Group or the author. Courtesy of citing the source will be appreciate. Translators would own up to the accuracy of their translations. Suggested citation: Leo F. Saldanha, A Review of Andhra Pradesh’s Climate Resilient Zero Budget Natural Farming, Environment Support Group, October 2018. A Review of AP CRZBNF, Leo F. Saldanha, Environment Support Group, October 2018 2 Table of Contents Abbreviations/Acronyms ................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 7 2. Rationale for promoting CRZBNF in Andhra Pradesh ................................................. 9 World-wide interest in CRZBNF .............................................................................................. 10 Promotion of ZBNF as an alternative to chemicalised agriculture ............................................ 10 Unclear reasons for moving away from CMSA to CRZBNF: ....................................................... 11 3. How CRZBNF works .................................................................................................15 Debate results in transparency on certain operational details of CRZBNF ................................ 16 CRZBNF to embrace Principles of ZBNF ................................................................................... 17 Strict NO to GMOs in promoting CRZBNF as an approach of Agro-ecology ............................... 17 Research collaborations entered into to study efficacy and validate efforts ............................. 18 Operational dimensions of CRZBNF ........................................................................................ 18 Legal compliances .................................................................................................................. 19 Finance required for scaling up state-wide and what happens with the money ........................ 19 But the numbers don’t add up ................................................................................................ 20 Where the money comes from and who repays ...................................................................... 21 Naidu and Solheim championing CRZBNF as a globally replicable model .................................. 21 Natural farming produce as part of the global supply chain ..................................................... 23 Are Parastatals sidestepping Local Governments in governing CRZBNF? .................................. 24 4. Key proponents of CRZBNF ......................................................................................28 Rythu Sadhikara Samstha ....................................................................................................... 28 Financing RySS ............................................................................................................................................. 30 Azim Premji Philanthropic Initiatives ...................................................................................... 31 Efforts to engage APPI senior leadership in a conversation over CRZBNF fail:........................................... 32 BNP Paribas ........................................................................................................................... 32 BNP Paribas’ association with environmentally destructive projects ......................................................... 34 Does BNP Paribas’ association with UNEP potentially shield the bank from legal liability? ...................... 36 UNEP and Sustainable India Finance Facility: .......................................................................... 37 SIFF as a protective mechanism covering risks of global investors............................................................. 39 SIFF’s unwillingness to be transparent about its dealings .......................................................................... 40 Is SIFF greenwashing BNP Paribas? ............................................................................................................. 41 Role of Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in CRZBNF ............................................................. 42 Reconciling with partners who support GMO, Gene Editing and ZBNF at once ......................................... 43 Gates’ belief that Gene Editing is Good, the money flow and how that works with CRZBNF .................... 45 5. Disconcerting secrecy and centralised decision making shapes CRZBNF ....................47 Climate funding demands transparency .................................................................................. 48 Confidentiality clause bars information sharing ...................................................................... 49 A Review of AP CRZBNF, Leo F. Saldanha, Environment Support Group, October 2018 3 APPI-RySS Agreement antithetical to the principles of ZBNF and RTI Act.................................. 50 Is APPI a ‘public authority’ per the Right to Information Act? .................................................. 51 Can APPI decide what RySS can divulge per the RTI Act? ........................................................................... 52 Implications of secrecy and centralisation in decision making of CRZBNF ................................. 54 Throwback to a colonial legacy of secrecy in public administration? ........................................ 54 6. Learning from the mistakes of the Green and Gene Revolutions ...............................57 Confusing signals in scaling out of CRZBNF beyond Andhra Pradesh ........................................ 58 Learning from the failures of ‘Green Revolution to Gene Revolution’: ..................................... 60 Transnational Corporations and their impact on Regulatory systems ....................................... 64 Can a ‘cunning state’ guarantee food security and seed sovereignty? ...................................... 65 Obfuscation as a method of business by Agribusiness Corporations ........................................ 66 ‘Constructing Facts’ and ensuing Trust Deficit ......................................................................... 68 Overcoming the Crisis in Indian Agriculture ............................................................................ 69 Implications of financialisation of CRZBNF .............................................................................. 71 Technology driven financialization of CRZBNF disempowering ................................................ 74 7. Way forward ...........................................................................................................76 8. Endnote: No more ‘Zero Budget’? ............................................................................80 A Review of AP CRZBNF, Leo F. Saldanha, Environment Support Group, October 2018 4 Abbreviations/Acronyms AIKS: All India Kisan Sabha AP Govt: Government of Andhra Pradesh APCBTMP: Andhra Pradesh Community-Based Tank Management Project APPI: Azim Premji Philanthropic Initiatives BMGF: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation BNPP: BNP Paribas C-AGG: Coalition on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases C-STEP : Centre for Study of Science, Technology and Policy CESS: Centre for Economic Social Studies CII: Confederation of Indian Industry CIRAD: French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development CMSA: Community Managed Sustainable Agriculture CRZBNF: Climate Resilient Zero Budget Natural Farming FPO: Farmer Producer Organisations GAFF: Global Alliance for the Future of Food GEAC: Genetic Engineering Approval Committee IASRI: Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute IFAD: International Fund for Agricultural Development JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency PIM: Participatory Irrigation Management RySS: Rythu Sadhikara Samstha (Farmers Empowerment Corporation) SIFF: Sustainable India Finance Facility TUG: Tank Users Group UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme USAID: United States Agency for International Development WAC-ICRAF: World Agroforestry Centre (also known as ICRAF) WB: World Bank WBCSD: World Business Council for Sustainable Development WUA: Water Users Association WWF: World Wide Fund for Nature ZBNF: Zero Budget Natural Farming
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