High-Throughput Microbioreactor Provides a Capable Tool for Early
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(MBR) Technology for Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: Membrane Fouling
membranes Review Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology for Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: Membrane Fouling Oliver Terna Iorhemen *, Rania Ahmed Hamza and Joo Hwa Tay Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; [email protected] (R.A.H.); [email protected] (J.H.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-403-714-7451 Academic Editor: Marco Stoller Received: 14 April 2016; Accepted: 12 June 2016; Published: 15 June 2016 Abstract: The membrane bioreactor (MBR) has emerged as an efficient compact technology for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. The major drawback impeding wider application of MBRs is membrane fouling, which significantly reduces membrane performance and lifespan, resulting in a significant increase in maintenance and operating costs. Finding sustainable membrane fouling mitigation strategies in MBRs has been one of the main concerns over the last two decades. This paper provides an overview of membrane fouling and studies conducted to identify mitigating strategies for fouling in MBRs. Classes of foulants, including biofoulants, organic foulants and inorganic foulants, as well as factors influencing membrane fouling are outlined. Recent research attempts on fouling control, including addition of coagulants and adsorbents, combination of aerobic granulation with MBRs, introduction of granular materials with air scouring in the MBR tank, and quorum quenching are presented. The addition of coagulants and adsorbents shows a significant membrane fouling reduction, but further research is needed to establish optimum dosages of the various coagulants/adsorbents. Similarly, the integration of aerobic granulation with MBRs, which targets biofoulants and organic foulants, shows outstanding filtration performance and a significant reduction in fouling rate, as well as excellent nutrients removal. -
Biopharma PAT Quality Attributes, Critical Process Parameters & Key
Biopharma PAT Quality Attributes, Critical Process Parameters & Key Performance Indicators at the Bioreactor May 2018 White Paper: Biopharma PAT Quality Attributes, Critical Process Parameters & Key Performance Indicators at the Bioreactor Table of Contents PAT Building Blocks .................................................................................................... 3 PAT for Biopharma ...................................................................................................... 5 Culture & Fermentation Process Types ....................................................................... 6 Monitoring Methods .................................................................................................... 8 Critical Process Parameters ...................................................................................... 10 Critical Quality Attributes & Key Performance Indicators ........................................... 14 Recent Applications of In-situ VCD & TCD ................................................................ 17 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 19 References ................................................................................................................ 20 Focus Spots Intelligent Arc Sensors for pH and DO in-situ Measurement...................................... 10 Dissolved Oxygen User’s Experiences ...................................................................... 11 In-situ Cell Density -
Bottom-Up Self-Assembly Based on DNA Nanotechnology
nanomaterials Review Bottom-Up Self-Assembly Based on DNA Nanotechnology 1, 1, 1 1 1,2,3, Xuehui Yan y, Shujing Huang y, Yong Wang , Yuanyuan Tang and Ye Tian * 1 College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; [email protected] (X.Y.); [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (Y.W.); [email protected] (Y.T.) 2 Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China 3 Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China * Correspondence: [email protected] These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 9 September 2020; Accepted: 12 October 2020; Published: 16 October 2020 Abstract: Manipulating materials at the atomic scale is one of the goals of the development of chemistry and materials science, as it provides the possibility to customize material properties; however, it still remains a huge challenge. Using DNA self-assembly, materials can be controlled at the nano scale to achieve atomic- or nano-scaled fabrication. The programmability and addressability of DNA molecules can be applied to realize the self-assembly of materials from the bottom-up, which is called DNA nanotechnology. DNA nanotechnology does not focus on the biological functions of DNA molecules, but combines them into motifs, and then assembles these motifs to form ordered two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) lattices. These lattices can serve as general templates to regulate the assembly of guest materials. In this review, we introduce three typical DNA self-assembly strategies in this field and highlight the significant progress of each. -
Optimal Operation of an Integrated Bioreaction–Crystallization Process
中国科技论文在线 http://www.paper.edu.cn Chemical Engineering Science 56 (2001) 6165–6170 www.elsevier.com/locate/ces Optimal operation ofan integrated bioreaction–crystallization process for continuous production of calcium gluconate using external loop airlift columns Jie Baoa, Kenichi Koumatsua, Keiji Furumotob, Makoto Yoshimotoa, Kimitoshi Fukunagaa, Katsumi Nakaoa; ∗ aDepartment of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan bOshima National College of Maritime Technology, Oshima, Yamaguchi 742-2106, Japan Abstract A kinetic model was proposed to optimize the integrated bioreaction–crystallization process newly developed for production of calcium gluconate crystals using external loop airlift columns. The optimal operating conditions in the bioreactor were determined using an objective function deÿned to maximize the productivity as well as to minimize biocatalyst loss. The optimization of the crystallizer was carried out by matching the crystallization rate to the optimal production rate in the bioreactor because the bioreaction was found to be the rate controlling process. The calcium gluconate productivity under the optimal conditions of the integrated process was obtained by the simulation based on the process model. The productivity ofthe proposed process was found to be comparable to that ofthe current batch fermentationprocess. ? 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Process kinetic model; Optimization; Calcium gluconate; Bioreaction–crystallization -
Stachytarpheta Cayennensis Aqueous Extract, a New Bioreactor Towards Silver Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 2019, 10, 102-119 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jbnb ISSN Online: 2158-7043 ISSN Print: 2158-7027 Stachytarpheta cayennensis Aqueous Extract, a New Bioreactor towards Silver Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications Francois Eya’ane Meva1,2* , Joel Olivier Avom Mbeng1, Cecile Okalla Ebongue1,3, Carsten Schlüsener2, Ülkü Kökҫam-Demir2, Agnes Antoinette Ntoumba4, Phillipe Belle Ebanda Kedi4, Etienne Elanga1, Evrard-Rudy Njike Loudang1, Moise Henri Julien Nko’o1, Edmond Tchoumbi1, Vandi Deli1, Christian Chick Nanga1, Emmanuel Albert Mpondo Mpondo1, Christoph Janiak2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon 2Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany 3Clinical Biology Laboratory, General Hospital of Douala, Douala, Cameroon 4Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon How to cite this paper: Meva, F.E., Abstract Mbeng, J.O.A., Ebongue, C.O., Schlüsener, C., Kökҫam-Demir, Ü., Ntoumba, A.A., Kedi, This study reports the preparation and characterization of silver nanopar- P.B.E., Elanga, E., Loudang, E.-R.N., Nko’o, ticles synthesized by the mediation of the plant weed Stachytarpheta cayen- M.H.J., Tchoumbi, E., Deli, V., Nanga, C.C., nensis through solution method. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) Mpondo, E.A.M. and Janiak, C. (2019) Sta- chytarpheta cayennensis Aqueous Extract, a determines the presence of nanoparticles in the solution. Infrared spectros- New Bioreactor towards Silver Nanopar- copy (IR) proves organic molecules at the particles interface. Powder X-ray ticles for Biomedical Applications. Journal diffraction (PXRD) provides phase composition and crystallinity. -
Bioreactor Studies of Heterologous Protein Production by Recombinant Yeast
BIOREACTOR STUDIES OF HETEROLOGOUS PROTEIN PRODUCTION BY RECOMBINANT YEAST by ZHIGEN ZWNG A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulNlment of the thesis quinment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chernical Engineering Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 1997 @ Zhigen Zhang 1997 National tibrary Bibliothi?que nationale l*l dm, du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services seMces bubriographiques 395 wellaStreet 395, me wdtingtori OrtawaON KIAW ûtiawaOlJ K1AûN4 Canada Canada Va#& Voinciilline, avm Nom- The author has pteda non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence dowiug the exclwe permettant il Ia National Ijiiiof Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Cadade reproduce, 10- disttibute or sell reprodnire, *, distn'buerou copies of bis/her thesis by any means vendre des copies de sa thése de and in any fonn or fomLaf making qyelqy manière et sous quelque this thesis avaiiable to interested forme que ce soit pour mettre des persofls- exemplaires de cette thèse à la disposition des persornes intéressées. The auîhor retains owndpof the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright m Merthesis. Neither droit d'auteur qui protège sa thèse. Ni the thesis nor substsmtial extracts la thèse ni &s extmits substantiels de fiom it may be printed or otherwiSe celleci ne doivent être imprimés ou reproduced with the author's autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisalian, nie University of Waterloo requin% the signatures of ali pesons using or photocopying this thesis. Please sign below. and give address and dite. ABSTRACT Fundamend enginee~gstudies were carried out on heterologous protein production using a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae sPain (C468fpGAC9) which expresses Aspergillus mamon glucoamylase gene and secretes glucoamylase into the extracellular medium, as a model system. -
Crystallization in Patterns: a Bio-Inspired Approach**
PROGRESS REPORTS Crystallization in Patterns: A Bio-Inspired Approach** By Joanna Aizenberg* Nature produces a wide variety of exquisite, highly functional mineralized tissues using simple inorganic salts. Biomineralization occurs within specific microenvironments, and is finely tuned by cells and specialized biomacromolecules. This article surveys bio- inspired approaches to artificial crystallization based on the above concept: that is, the use of organized organic surfaces patterned with specific initiation domains on a sub- micrometer scale to control patterned crystal growth. Specially tailored self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of x-terminated alkanethiols were micropatterned on metal films using soft lithography and applied as organic templates for the nucleation of calcium carbonate. Crystallization results in the formation of large-area, high-resolution inorganic replicas of the underlying organic patterns. SAMs provide sites for ordered nucleation, and make it possible to control various aspects of the crystallization process, including the precise localization of particles, nucleation density, crystal sizes, crystallographic orientation, morphology, polymorph, stability, and architecture. The ability to construct periodic arrays of uniform oriented single crystals, large single crystals with controlled microporosity, or films presenting patterns of crystals offers a potent methodology to materials engineering. 1. Technological Challenge and Biological Of the many challenges facing materials science, the devel- Inspiration opment of an alternative, bottom±up crystallization route, which would enable the direct, patterned growth of crystals The ability to control crystallization is a critical requirement with controlled physico-chemical properties, became an at- in the synthesis of many technologically important materi- tractive, strategic goal. The fundamental principles of the [12±17] als.[1±5] Crystalline inorganic structures with micrometer-scale bottom±up approach can be borrowed from nature. -
Unsolved Problems in Nanotechnology
Unsolved Problems in Nanotechnology 61 Biographical sketch of Matthew Tirrell Matthew Tirrell received his undergraduate education in Chemical Engineering at Northwestern University and his Ph.D. in 1977 in Polymer Science from the University of Massachusetts. He is currently Dean of the College of Engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara. From 1977 to 1999 he was on the faculty of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota, where he served as head of the department from 1995 to 1999. His research has been in polymer surface properties including adsorption, adhesion, surface treatment, friction, lubrication and biocompatibilty. He has co-authored about 250 papers and one book and has supervised about 60 Ph.D. students. Professor Tirrell has been a Sloan and a Guggenheim Fellow, a recipient of the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award and has received the Allan P. Colburn, Charles Stine and the Professional Progress Awards from AIChE. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1997, became a Fellow of the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineers in 1998, was elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2000 and was named Institute Lecturer for the American Institute of Chemical Engineers in 2001. 62 Unsolved Problems in Nanotechnology: Chemical Processing by Self-Assembly Matthew Tirrell Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials Materials Research Laboratory California NanoSystems Institute University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5130 [email protected] Abstract The many impressive laboratory demonstrations of controllable self-assembly methods generate considerable hope and interest in self-assembly as a manufacturing method for nano-structured products. -
The Bio Revolution: Innovations Transforming and Our Societies, Economies, Lives
The Bio Revolution: Innovations transforming economies, societies, and our lives economies, societies, our and transforming Innovations Revolution: Bio The The Bio Revolution Innovations transforming economies, societies, and our lives May 2020 McKinsey Global Institute Since its founding in 1990, the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) has sought to develop a deeper understanding of the evolving global economy. As the business and economics research arm of McKinsey & Company, MGI aims to help leaders in the commercial, public, and social sectors understand trends and forces shaping the global economy. MGI research combines the disciplines of economics and management, employing the analytical tools of economics with the insights of business leaders. Our “micro-to-macro” methodology examines microeconomic industry trends to better understand the broad macroeconomic forces affecting business strategy and public policy. MGI’s in-depth reports have covered more than 20 countries and 30 industries. Current research focuses on six themes: productivity and growth, natural resources, labor markets, the evolution of global financial markets, the economic impact of technology and innovation, and urbanization. Recent reports have assessed the digital economy, the impact of AI and automation on employment, physical climate risk, income inequal ity, the productivity puzzle, the economic benefits of tackling gender inequality, a new era of global competition, Chinese innovation, and digital and financial globalization. MGI is led by three McKinsey & Company senior partners: co-chairs James Manyika and Sven Smit, and director Jonathan Woetzel. Michael Chui, Susan Lund, Anu Madgavkar, Jan Mischke, Sree Ramaswamy, Jaana Remes, Jeongmin Seong, and Tilman Tacke are MGI partners, and Mekala Krishnan is an MGI senior fellow. -
Important Factors Influencing Protein Crystallization
Global Journal of Biotechnology and Biomaterial Science Mohnad Abdalla1*, Wafa Ali Eltayb1, Mini Review Abdus Samad1, Elshareef SHM1 and TIM Dafaalla2 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Important Factors Influencing Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Protein Crystallization Republic of China 2College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China Abstract Dates: Received: 16 September, 2016; Accepted: The solution of crystallization problem was introduced around twenty years ago, with the 29 September, 2016; Published: 30 September, introduction of crystallization screening methods. Here reported some of the factors which affect 2016 protein crystallization, solubility, Concentration of precipitant, concentration of macromolecule, ionic *Corresponding author: Mohnad Abdalla, strength, pH, temperature, and organism source of macromolecules, reducing or oxidizing environment, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences additives, ligands, presence of substrates, inhibitors, coenzymes, metal ions and rate of equilibration. at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, The aim of this paper to give very helpful advice for crystallization. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China, E-mail: Buffer is most straight forward way to make a crystallization www.peertechz.com problem by effect the protein behave. There are many rules and Keywords: Proteins; Crystallization; Isoelectric point; different protein crystallization methods, some of it has been pH; Solubility; Stability developed during the recent years. However, Protein crystallization still represents a great challenge for bio crystallography. The Introduction cumulation of crystallization information in crystallization databases and in structural articles it allow us to design crystallization X-ray crystallography has provided 3D structures of thousands experiments depending on the character of the protein. -
Guide to Biotechnology 2008
guide to biotechnology 2008 research & development health bioethics innovate industrial & environmental food & agriculture biodefense Biotechnology Industry Organization 1201 Maryland Avenue, SW imagine Suite 900 Washington, DC 20024 intellectual property 202.962.9200 (phone) 202.488.6301 (fax) bio.org inform bio.org The Guide to Biotechnology is compiled by the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) Editors Roxanna Guilford-Blake Debbie Strickland Contributors BIO Staff table of Contents Biotechnology: A Collection of Technologies 1 Regenerative Medicine ................................................. 36 What Is Biotechnology? .................................................. 1 Vaccines ....................................................................... 37 Cells and Biological Molecules ........................................ 1 Plant-Made Pharmaceuticals ........................................ 37 Therapeutic Development Overview .............................. 38 Biotechnology Industry Facts 2 Market Capitalization, 1994–2006 .................................. 3 Agricultural Production Applications 41 U.S. Biotech Industry Statistics: 1995–2006 ................... 3 Crop Biotechnology ...................................................... 41 U.S. Public Companies by Region, 2006 ........................ 4 Forest Biotechnology .................................................... 44 Total Financing, 1998–2007 (in billions of U.S. dollars) .... 4 Animal Biotechnology ................................................... 45 Biotech -
Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Journal of Visualized Experiments www.jove.com Video Article Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Fabrice Gorrec1, Jan Löwe1 1 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council Correspondence to: Fabrice Gorrec at [email protected] URL: https://www.jove.com/video/55790 DOI: doi:10.3791/55790 Keywords: Biochemistry, Issue 131, X-ray crystallography, protein crystallization, high-throughput screening, fully automated system, nanoliter droplets, vapor diffusion, initial screen, nanoliter dispenser, liquid handler, crystal optimization, 4-corner method, additive screening Date Published: 1/24/2018 Citation: Gorrec, F., Löwe, J. Automated Protocols for Macromolecular Crystallization at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. J. Vis. Exp. (131), e55790, doi:10.3791/55790 (2018). Abstract When high quality crystals are obtained that diffract X-rays, the crystal structure may be solved at near atomic resolution. The conditions to crystallize proteins, DNAs, RNAs, and their complexes can however not be predicted. Employing a broad variety of conditions is a way to increase the yield of quality diffraction crystals. Two fully automated systems have been developed at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Cambridge, England, MRC-LMB) that facilitate crystallization screening against 1,920 initial conditions by vapor diffusion in nanoliter droplets. Semi-automated protocols have also been developed to optimize conditions by changing the concentrations of reagents, the pH, or by introducing additives that potentially enhance properties of the resulting crystals. All the corresponding protocols will be described in detail and briefly discussed. Taken together, they enable convenient and highly efficient macromolecular crystallization in a multi-user facility, while giving the users control over key parameters of their experiments.