Lyme Disease and Other Tick & Flea-Borne Infections
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Lists of Names of Prokaryotic Candidatus Taxa
NOTIFICATION LIST: CANDIDATUS LIST NO. 1 Oren et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.003789 Lists of names of prokaryotic Candidatus taxa Aharon Oren1,*, George M. Garrity2,3, Charles T. Parker3, Maria Chuvochina4 and Martha E. Trujillo5 Abstract We here present annotated lists of names of Candidatus taxa of prokaryotes with ranks between subspecies and class, pro- posed between the mid- 1990s, when the provisional status of Candidatus taxa was first established, and the end of 2018. Where necessary, corrected names are proposed that comply with the current provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes and its Orthography appendix. These lists, as well as updated lists of newly published names of Candidatus taxa with additions and corrections to the current lists to be published periodically in the International Journal of Systematic and Evo- lutionary Microbiology, may serve as the basis for the valid publication of the Candidatus names if and when the current propos- als to expand the type material for naming of prokaryotes to also include gene sequences of yet-uncultivated taxa is accepted by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Introduction of the category called Candidatus was first pro- morphology, basis of assignment as Candidatus, habitat, posed by Murray and Schleifer in 1994 [1]. The provisional metabolism and more. However, no such lists have yet been status Candidatus was intended for putative taxa of any rank published in the journal. that could not be described in sufficient details to warrant Currently, the nomenclature of Candidatus taxa is not covered establishment of a novel taxon, usually because of the absence by the rules of the Prokaryotic Code. -
Multilocus Sequence Typing Von Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Stricto
Multilocus Sequence Typing von Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto und Borrelia afzelii Stämmen aus Europa und den USA: Populationsstruktur, Pathogenität und Patientensymptomatik Sabrina Jungnick München 2018 Aus dem Nationalen Referenzzentrum für Borrelien am Bayrischen Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit in Oberschleißheim Präsident: Dr. med. Andreas Zapf Multilocus Sequence Typing von Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto und Borrelia afzelii Stämmen aus Europa und den USA: Populationsstruktur, Pathogenität und Patientensymptomatik Dissertation zum Erwerb des Doktorgrades der Medizin an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität zu München vorgelegt von Sabrina Jungnick aus Ansbach 2018 Mit Genehmigung der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität München Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Andreas Sing Mitberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Sebastian Suerbaum Prof. Dr. Michael Hoelscher Prof. Dr. Hans – Walter Pfister Mitbetreuung durch den promovierten Mitarbeiter: Dr. med. Volker Fingerle Dekan: Prof. Dr. med. dent. Reinhard Hickel Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 26.04.2018 Teile dieser Arbeit wurden in folgenden Originalartikeln veröffentlicht: 1. Jungnick S, Margos G, Rieger M, Dzaferovic E, Bent SJ, Overzier E, Silaghi C, Walder G, Wex F, Koloczek J, Sing A und Fingerle V. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia afzelii: Population structure and differential pathogenicity. International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2015. 2. Wang G, Liveris D, Mukherjee P, Jungnick S, Margos G und Schwartz I. Molecular Typing of Borrelia burgdorferi. Current protocols in microbiology. 2014:12C. 5.1-C. 5.31. 3. Castillo-Ramírez S, Fingerle V. Jungnick S, Straubinger RK, Krebs S, Blum H, Meinel DM, Hofmann H, Guertler P, Sing A und Margos G. Trans-Atlantic exchanges have shaped the population structure of the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. -
Contribution of the Outer Surface Proteins of Borrelia Burgdorferi S. I
Contribution of the outer surface proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi tos. I.the pathogenesis of Lyme disease O • V AKADEMISK AVHANDLING som för avläggande av doktorsexamen i medicinsk vetenskap vid Umeå Universitet, offentligen kommer att försvaras på engelska språket i föreläsningssalen, byggnad 6L, Institutionen för Mikrobiologi, Umeå Universitet, fredagen den 7 oktober 1994, kl 09.00 av Maria Jonsson Umeå 1994 ABSTRACT Contribution of the outer surface proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi s.to L the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. Maria Jonsson, Department of Microbiology, Umeå University, Sweden. Borrelia burgdorferi s.is aI spirochete which causes the multisystemic disorder Lyme disease. As the borreliae lack toxin production, the pathogenicity is thought to involve, at least in part, molecules from the outer surface. Most Lyme diseaseBorrelia strains express two major outer surface lipoproteins, OspA (31 kD) and OspB (34 kD), on their surface. However, some strains lack the expression of OspA and OspB, but express a smaller 21 to 25 kD OspC protein instead. This thesis focuses on the importance of these proteins in the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. Biochemical and immunochemical studies of the OspA and OspB proteins from strains of various geographic origins show considerable differences in the apparent molecular weights and in their reactivities to monoclonal antibodies. The cloning and sequencing of the ospAB opérons from strains of different origins has demonstrated that the heterogeneity is found also at the DNA level Comparison of theospAB sequences allows the classification of the strains into three types, which coincide with the recent species designations, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii and B. -
Détection De Bactéries Pathogènes Dans Leur Vecteur, Les Tiques Dures (Acarien : Ixodidae )
Thèse présentée devant L’Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon Pour l’obtention Du diplôme de Docteur Spécialité : microbiologie infectieuse Détection de bactéries pathogènes dans leur vecteur, les tiques dures (Acarien : Ixodidae ) Par Lénaïg Halos Directeurs de recherche : Professeur Henri-Jean Boulouis Docteur Muriel Vayssier-Taussat Soutenue le 27 septembre 2005 devant le jury composé de : Président : Professeur Jacques Guillot Rapporteur : Professeur Philippe Brouqui Rapporteur : Docteur Benoit Jaulhac Examinateur : Docteur Frédéric Beugnet Remerciements Aux membres du jury Au Professeur Jacques Guillot, pour me faire l’honneur de présider ce jury de thèse, pour la gentillesse et la disponibilité avec lesquelles il a accompagné toutes mes études depuis les premières heures vétérinaires aux travaux de recherche. Au Docteur Benoit Jauhlac pour avoir généreusement donné des extraits d’ADN de Borrelia sp., avoir eu l’amabilité d’accepter d’être un de mes rapporteurs et pour ses remarques précises et constructives. Au Professeur Philippe Brouqui pour avoir eu l’amabilité d’accepter d’être un de mes rapporteurs. Au Docteur Frédéric Beugnet pour l’intérêt qu’il a toujours porté à mon travail et pour avoir accepté de se joindre à ce jury. Au Professeur Henri Jean Boulouis Pour avoir dirigé cette thèse avec confiance et sympathie. Au Docteur Muriel Vayssier-Taussat Pour m’avoir guidée tout au long de ce travail, pour sa confiance, sa disponibilité et son dynamisme. 2 A toutes les personnes qui ont participé à ce travail en alliant professionnalisme et bonne humeur. A la Bartonella Dream Team pour avoir rempli son rôle d’équipe de rêve : pour les coups de pouces en cas de soucis, pour l’amélioration permanente de la collection de bouteilles vides et pour toutes les tranches de vie partagées : • A Corinne, pour m’avoir initiée à la mystique de la PCR et avoir pris l’auto-stoppeuse de Gagny pendant certains temps difficiles. -
Genotyping of Bartonella Bacteria and Their Animal Hosts: Current Status and Perspectives
543 SPECIAL ISSUE REVIEW Genotyping of Bartonella bacteria and their animal hosts: current status and perspectives M. KOSOY1*†,C.MCKEE1,2†, L. ALBAYRAK3 and Y. FOFANOV3 1 Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA 2 Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA 3 Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA (Received 8 May 2017; revised 7 June 2017; accepted 15 June 2017; first published online 2 August 2017) SUMMARY Growing evidence demonstrates that bacterial species diversity is substantial, and many of these species are pathogenic in some contexts or hosts. At the same time, laboratories and museums have collected valuable animal tissue and ectoparasite samples that may contain substantial novel information on bacterial prevalence and diversity. However, the identification of bacterial species is challenging, partly due to the difficulty in culturing many microbes and the reliance on molecular data. Although the genomics revolution will surely add to our knowledge of bacterial systematics, these approaches are not accessible to all researchers and rely predominantly on cultured isolates. Thus, there is a need for comprehensive molecular analyses capable of accurately genotyping bacteria from animal tissues or ectoparasites using common methods that will facilitate large-scale comparisons of species diversity and prevalence. To illustrate the challenges of genotyping bacteria, we focus on the genus Bartonella, vector-borne bacteria common in mammals. We highlight the value and limitations of commonly used techniques for genotyping bartonellae and make recommendations for researchers interested in studying the diversity of these bacteria in various samples. -
MOTILITY and CHEMOTAXIS in the LYME DISEASE SPIROCHETE BORRELIA BURGDORFERI: ROLE in PATHOGENESIS by Ki Hwan Moon July, 2016
MOTILITY AND CHEMOTAXIS IN THE LYME DISEASE SPIROCHETE BORRELIA BURGDORFERI: ROLE IN PATHOGENESIS By Ki Hwan Moon July, 2016 Director of Dissertation: MD A. MOTALEB, Ph.D. Major Department: Department of Microbiology and Immunology Abstract Lyme disease is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in United States and is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The disease is transmitted from an infected Ixodes scapularis tick to a mammalian host. B. burgdorferi is a highly motile organism and motility is provided by flagella that are enclosed by the outer membrane and thus are called periplasmic flagella. Chemotaxis, the cellular movement in response to a chemical gradient in external environments, empowers bacteria to approach and remain in beneficial environments or escape from noxious ones by modulating their swimming behaviors. Both motility and chemotaxis are reported to be crucial for migration of B. burgdorferi from the tick to the mammalian host, and persistent infection of mice. However, the knowledge of how the spirochete achieves complex swimming is limited. Moreover, the roles of most of the B. burgdorferi putative chemotaxis proteins are still elusive. B. burgdorferi contains multiple copies of chemotaxis genes (two cheA, three cheW, three cheY, two cheB, two cheR, cheX, and cheD), which make its chemotaxis system more complex than other chemotactic bacteria. In the first project of this dissertation, we determined the role of a putative chemotaxis gene cheD. Our experimental evidence indicates that CheD enhances chemotaxis CheX phosphatase activity, and modulated its infectivity in the mammalian hosts. Although CheD is important for infection in mice, it is not required for acquisition or transmission of spirochetes during mouse-tick-mouse infection cycle experiments. -
Multipartite Genome of Lyme Disease Borrelia: Structure, Variation and Prophages
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 42: 409-454. caister.com/cimb Multipartite Genome of Lyme Disease Borrelia: Structure, Variation and Prophages Ira Schwartz1*, Gabriele Margos2, Sherwood R. Casjens3, Wei-Gang Qiu4 and Christian H. Eggers5 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY USA, 2National Reference Centre for Borrelia and Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany, 3Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology Department, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA, 4Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY USA 5Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.21775/cimb.042.409 Abstract pathogenicity have been deduced, and comparative All members of the Borrelia genus that have been whole genome analyses promise future progress in examined harbour a linear chromosome that is about this arena. 900 kbp in length, as well as a plethora of both linear and circular plasmids in the 5-220 kbp size range. Introduction Genome sequences for 27 Lyme disease Borrelia The genus Borrelia forms a deeply separated lineage isolates have been determined since the elucidation within the Spirochaetes branch of the bacterial tree of of the B. burgdorferi B31 genome sequence in 1997. life (Paster et al., 1991). The organisms are The chromosomes, which carry the vast majority of genomically unique and not closely related to any the housekeeping genes, appear to be very constant other bacteria, including the other Spirochaetes. in gene content and organization across all Lyme Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia hermsii are disease Borrelia species. -
Bartonella Melophagi from Human Blood Reported Daily Exposure to Biting fl Ies, Occasional Exposure Tected in a Tick Removed from Sheep in Peru (11)
DISPATCHES During the next 2 years, these symptoms persisted, Isolation of along with exertional chest pains, a previously undiagnosed ausculted II to III/VI holosystolic murmur, headaches, dif- Candidatus fi culty speaking, diffi culty sleeping, weakness involving the arms, joint pain, and facial tremors. No abnormalities Bartonella were shown on an electrocardiogram. An echocardiogram melophagi from identifi ed mildly thickened aortic and mitral valve leafl ets, 1 mild aortic insuffi ciency, and mild mitral regurgitation. Human Blood After the acute illness, the woman reported cycles of illness every 3 to 4 weeks. Results of numerous complete Ricardo G. Maggi, Michael Kosoy, Melanie blood counts were normal, with the exception of persistent- Mintzer, and Edward B. Breitschwerdt ly low neutrophil counts of 2,000–2,500 neutrophils/μL. All serum biochemical parameters remained within normal Candidatus Bartonella melophagi was isolated by blood reference ranges during the 2-year illness. Borrelia burg- culture from 2 women, 1 of whom was co-infected with B. henselae. Partial 16S rRNA, RNA polymerase B, and citrate dorferi C6 peptide and immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG synthase genes and 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer antibodies to Babesia microti were not detected. Results of sequences indicated that human isolates were similar to PCRs specifi c for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, B. microti, Candidatus B. melophagi. and B. burgdorferi were negative. Oral antimicrobial drugs resulted in transient improvement; however, symptoms re- turned within days after the use of these drugs was stopped. uring the past decade, the number of Bartonella spe- Blood culture resulted in the detection of Candidatus B. -
The Genus Borrelia Reloaded
RESEARCH ARTICLE The genus Borrelia reloaded 1☯ 2☯ 3 1 Gabriele MargosID *, Alex Gofton , Daniel Wibberg , Alexandra Dangel , 1 2 2 1 Durdica Marosevic , Siew-May Loh , Charlotte OskamID , Volker Fingerle 1 Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority and National Reference Center for Borrelia, Oberschleissheim, Germany, 2 Vector & Waterborne Pathogens Research Group, School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South St, Murdoch, Australia, 3 Cebitec, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 The genus Borrelia, originally described by Swellengrebel in 1907, contains tick- or louse- a1111111111 transmitted spirochetes belonging to the relapsing fever (RF) group of spirochetes, the Lyme borreliosis (LB) group of spirochetes and spirochetes that form intermittent clades. In 2014 it was proposed that the genus Borrelia should be separated into two genera; Borrelia Swellengrebel 1907 emend. Adeolu and Gupta 2014 containing RF spirochetes and Borre- OPEN ACCESS liella Adeolu and Gupta 2014 containing LB group of spirochetes. In this study we conducted Citation: Margos G, Gofton A, Wibberg D, Dangel an analysis based on a method that is suitable for bacterial genus demarcation, the percent- A, Marosevic D, Loh S-M, et al. (2018) The genus Borrelia reloaded. PLoS ONE 13(12): e0208432. age of conserved proteins (POCP). We included RF group species, LB group species and https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208432 two species belonging to intermittent clades, Borrelia turcica GuÈner et al. 2004 and Candida- Editor: Sven BergstroÈm, Umeå University, tus Borrelia tachyglossi Loh et al. 2017. These analyses convincingly showed that all groups SWEDEN of spirochetes belong into one genus and we propose to emend, and re-unite all groups in, Received: May 4, 2018 the genus Borrelia. -
A Bibliography of Selected References for Researchers and Academicians Dedicated to Tick and Flea-Borne Infection Science
A Bibliography of Selected References for Researchers and Academicians Dedicated to Tick and Flea-borne Infection Science J.L. Schaller and K. Mountjoy INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC INFECTION RESEARCH PRESS Bank Towers • New Gate Center (305) Highway 41 [Tamiami Trail North] Naples, FL 34103 Copyright © 2011 James Schaller, MD, MAR All Rights Reserved. Cover Design: Nick Botner (Kaze Studies) Research: Randall Blackwell, Lindsay Gibson, Kimberly Mountjoy Library of Congress Cataloging Data Schaller, J. L; Mountjoy, K. A bibliography of selected references for researchers and academicians dedicated to tick and flea-borne infection science by J.L. Schaller and K. Mountjoy ISBN 978-0-9840889-3-5 1. Tick infections 2. Flea infections 3. Bibliography Note on Citation Style The style of these references varies. Making them uniform would not add to the ability to locate a citation. Most were left as they appeared when uncovered from a wide range of locations. Manufactured in the United States of America First Edition Dedicated to researchers, physicians and healers willing to serve the “untreatable,” and who study without ceasing… To those healers who accept patients “no one else can help,” who read with a ferocious passion, hoping for an insight to save just one person— anywhere on the earth. You are my true brothers and sisters in the medical arts. Thank you for your friendships and lessons. (JS) And to my co-author Kimberly Mountjoy— a wise scientist, scholar and caretaker. Tick and Flea Infection Bibliography 1 Abbas HM, Brenes RA, Ajemian MS, Scholand SJ. Successful conservative treatment of spontaneous splenic rupture secondary to Babesiosis: a case report and literature review. -
Prevalence of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Ixodes Ricinus Ticks in Scandinavia
Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Scandinavia Rikke Rollum Thesis for the Master’s degree in Molecular Biosciences 60 study points Department of Molecular Biosciences Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences UNIVERSITY OF OSLO 2014 II © Rikke Rollum 2014 Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Scandinavia Supervisors: Vivian Kjelland (UiA), Hans Petter Leinås (UiO), Audun Slettan (UiA) http://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: Reprosentralen, University of Oslo III IV Acknowledgements This master thesis was partly funded by the ScandTick project, which is a transnational project in Scandinavia devoted to ticks and tick-borne diseases. The laboratory work was conducted at the Department of Natural Sciences at the University of Agder (UiA) as an external thesis from the University of Oslo (UiO). I want to acknowledge all the people at UiO and UiA who have guided and helped me during my thesis. Vivian Kjelland (UiA), my supervisor, who gave me the opportunity to use her lab and for always being helpful, thorough and positive, which I really appreciate. You have inspired me to explore my opportunities, build connections and to be more confident and independent – Thank you! Audun Slettan (UiA), my co-supervisor, for always having a cheerful attitude and keeping my courage up when things did not go exactly as planned. I am also grateful to Hans Petter Leinaas (UiO), my co-supervisor, who have guided me in the writing process and for not letting me get carried away in fun facts. I would also like to thank Lars Korslund (UiA), who have helped me to understand and interpret the value of my results from a statistical point of view. -
Borrelia Burgdorferi, Borrelia Afzelii, and Borrelia Garinii by Using Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis Jason Farlow,1 Danielle Postic,2 Kimothy L
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 2002, p. 4612–4618 Vol. 40, No. 12 0095-1137/02/$04.00ϩ0 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.12.4612–4618.2002 Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Strain Typing of Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii by Using Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis Jason Farlow,1 Danielle Postic,2 Kimothy L. Smith,1 Zack Jay,1 Guy Baranton,2 and Paul Keim1* Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011-5640,1 2 and Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Downloaded from Received 12 February 2002/Returned for modification 31 March 2002/Accepted 2 September 2002 Human Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most prevalent arthropod-borne infection in temperate climate zones around the world and is caused by Borrelia spirochetes. We have identified 10 variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci present within the genome of Borrelia burgdorferi and subsequently developed a multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) typing system for this disease agent. We report here the successful application of MLVA for strain discrimination among a group of 41 globally diverse Borrelia isolates including B. burgdorferi, B. afzelii, and B. garinii. PCR assays displayed diversity at these loci, with total allele numbers ranging from http://jcm.asm.org/ two to nine and Nei’s diversity (D) values ranging from 0.10 to 0.87. The average D value was 0.53 across all or the number (0.62 ؍ VNTR loci. A clear correlation exists between the repeat copy number and the D value (r observed across diverse strains. Cluster analysis by the unweighted pair-group method with (0.93 ؍ of alleles (r arithmetic means resolved the 30 observed unique Borrelia genotypes into five distinct groups.