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Predatory Thrips Species Composition, Their Prey and Host Plant Association in Northern Thailand

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Predatory Thrips Species Composition, Their Prey and Host Plant Association in Northern Thailand Accepted Manuscript Predatory thrips species composition, their prey and host plant association in Northern Thailand Samaporn Saengyot PII: S2452-316X(16)30250-2 DOI: 10.1016/j.anres.2015.10.002 Reference: ANRES 59 To appear in: Agriculture and Natural Resources Received Date: 27 January 2015 Accepted Date: 25 October 2015 Please cite this article as: Saengyot S, Predatory thrips species composition, their prey and host plant association in Northern Thailand, Agriculture and Natural Resources (2017), doi: 10.1016/ j.anres.2015.10.002. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 1 Agriculture and Natural Resources. 2016. 50(5): xx-xx 2 Agr. Nat. Resour. 2016. 50(5): xx-xx 3 4 Predatory thrips species composition, their prey and host plant association 5 in Northern Thailand 6 7 Samaporn Saengyot* 8 MJU Biological Control Research Center (MJU-BCRC) , Faculty of Agricultural Production, 9 Maejo University , Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand. 10 11 Received 27 January 2015 12 Accepted 25 October 2015 13 14 Keywords: MANUSCRIPT 15 Association, 16 Biological control, 17 Insect and mite pests, 18 Occurrence, 19 Predatory thrips 20 21 * Corresponding author. 22 E-mail address: [email protected] 23 24 25 26 2 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 27 Abstract 28 29 A survey of predatory thrips, their prey and associated host plants was carried out from 30 February 2013 to February 2014 in Chiang Rai, Phayao, Chiang Mai, Lamphun and Lampang 31 provinces in Northern Thailand. The survey revealed 10 species of predatory thrips in 5 32 genera in the Family Phlaeothripidae. They were: Aleurodothrips fasciapennis (Franklin), 33 Androthrips flavipes Schmutz, Androthrips ramachandrai Karny, Karnyothrips flavipes 34 (Jones), two indeterminate Karnyothrips sp.1 and sp.2, Leptothrips sp., Podothrips lucasseni 35 (Krüger), and two indeterminate Podothrips sp. 1, and sp. 2. Eleven species of insect and 36 mite pests serving as prey were found associated with 16 species of host plants in 13 families. 37 They were: scale insects, Coccus viridis (Green) and two Coccus spp.; spiraling whitefly, 38 Aleurodicus dispersus Russell; unidentified gall-making Hemiptera; coffee berry borer, 39 Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari); unidentified crambid lepidopterous larvae; Kanzawa spider 40 mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida; santol gall mite,MANUSCRIPT Eriophyes sandorici Nelepa; litchi rust 41 mite, Aceria litchii (Keifer); and bamboo green mite, Aponychus corpuzae Rimando. The 42 findings from this investigation could provide basic information necessary for further 43 investigation in the use of some of these predatory thrips as biological control agents of insect 44 and mite pests of economic importance in Thailand. 45 46 Introduction 47 It is generally knownACCEPTED and recognized that pest thrips are insect pests of economic importance 48 in agricultural production and some thrips species such as the melon thrips—Thrips palmi 49 Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)—have been frequently intercepted in some vegetables and 50 orchids exported from Thailand (Kajita et al., 1992; Collins, 2016). However, not adequately 51 known is which of the predatory thrips are beneficial, serving as predators of small insect and 3 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 52 mite pests and contributing to naturally occurring biological control of these arthropod pests. 53 Unfortunately, they have been overlooked as renewable and valuable natural resources and 54 they deserve further investigation and exploitation for augmentative biological control and 55 extensive conservation. 56 Lewis (1973) compiled a list of predatory thrips and their prey in different countries 57 from Thompson and Simmonds (1965) with amendments containing less than 30 species of 58 predatory thrips. Kirk (1997) stated that some thrips are known as useful predators of mites 59 and Lepidoptera on some field crops. A literature review covering predatory thrips in 60 Thailand has yielded inadequate information of relevance. Hirose et al. (1989, 1993) and 61 Okajima et al. (1992) conducted field surveys of thrips in Thailand, Malaysia and the 62 Philippines during 1987–1988 in collaboration with Thai entomologists from the National 63 Biological Control Research Center, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. From the 64 survey, 18 thrips species, including T. palmi , were recorded from solanaceous, 65 cucurbitaceous and leguminous crops. Two predatoryMANUSCRIPT thrips found were the vespiform thrips, 66 Franklinothrips vespiformis (Crawford) (Aeolothripidae) and Scolothrips asura Ayyar & 67 Margabandhu (Thripidae). F. vespiformis was recorded from Okinawa, Japan in 1996 by 68 Arakaki and Okajima (1998). It was also reported from California by Bethke et al. (2014). It 69 attacks larvae and adults of T. palmi , two spider mite species, larvae of the silverleaf 70 whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring or Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) 71 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and larvae of the serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii Burgess 72 (Diptera: Agromyzidae).ACCEPTED It was mass reared and used in southern France to supplement the 73 predatory mite, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) to control onion 74 thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), western flower thrips, 75 Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thripidae), and Aeolothrips spp. (Aeolothripidae) in 76 rose greenhouses (Nammour et al., 2008). 4 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 77 Poonchaisri (2001) recorded a number of predatory thrips of the suborder Terebrantia 78 in Thailand. They were Aduncothrips asiaticus Ramakrishna & Margabandhu, Aeolothrips 79 fasciatus (L.), F. vespiformis , Mymarothrips garuda Ramakrishna & Margabandhu and 80 Rhipidothrips sp. in the Family Aeolothripidae; and S. asura and Scolothrips sexmaculatus 81 (Pergande) in the Family Thripidae. 82 A thrips survey was conducted during January–February 2005 in Chiang Mai, Thailand 83 by Dr Mark S. Hoddle and Dr Christina Stosic of the University of California, Riverside, CA, 84 USA together with the author. In this survey, a predatory thrips, Androthrips flavipes 85 (Schmutz) (Phlaeothripidae) was found in association with four species of large black thrips 86 in the Family Phlaeothripidae in leaf galls of Chinese banyan, Ficus retusa (Moraceae) 87 consisting of Gynaikothrips sp., the Cuban laurel thrips, Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal), 88 Gigantothrips elegans (Zimmerman), and Mesothrips sp. 89 Predatory thrips have been reported worldwide from the states of Arizona, California, 90 Florida and Texas in the USA (North America), MANUSCRIPTthe Caribbean, Central and South America, 91 Asia and the Pacific region, and Australia (Hirose et al., 1989, 1993; Okajima et al., 1992; 92 Arakaki and Okajima, 1998; Mound and Reynaud, 2005). The predatory thrips thus reported 93 were mostly vespiform thrips such as Franklinothrips orizabensis Johanson (Aeolothripidae) 94 and F. vespiformis ; six-spotted thrips, S. sexmaculatus ; and black hunter thrips, Leptothrips 95 mali (Fitch) (Phlaeothripidae) (Hoddle et al., 2001a; Hoddle, 2003; Mound and Reynaud, 96 2005). 97 A predatoryACCEPTED thrips (F. vespiformis ) was reported as a potential natural enemy of mites, 98 leafhoppers and whiteflies in citrus and avocado orchards in Central and South America and 99 it was used as a biological control agent for onion thrips, T. tabaci, in greenhouse rose 100 (Moulton, 1932). Other predatory thrips such as Aeolothrips spp., S. sexmaculatus and 101 Leptothrips spp. were reported as effective biological control agents (Johansen, 1983; Mound 5 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 102 and Marullo, 1996, 1998). F. orizabensis was extensively studied for its mass rearing 103 technique, and its biology and efficacy for biological control of avocado thrips, Scirtothrips 104 perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) (Hoddle et al., 2001a, 2001b, 2003, 2004). 105 Mound and Reynaud (2005) reported that it has been marketed in Europe as a biocontrol 106 agent against thrips in greenhouses. Dreistadt et al. (2004) in California, USA reported on the 107 biological control potentials of some predatory thrips such as Aeolothrips spp., L. mali , F. 108 orizabensis , F. vespiformis and S. sexmaculatus in controlling thrips pests, including avocado 109 thrips, S. perseae ; bean thrips, Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergunde); citrus thrips, Scirtothrips 110 citri (Moulton); Cuban laurel thrips, G. ficorum ; onion thrips, T. tabaci and western flower 111 thrips, F. occidentalis , as well as mites, scale insects and lace bugs. Fathi et al. (2008) 112 reported on the utilization of Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall (Aeolothripidae) and Orius 113 niger (Wolff) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) for the biological control of T. tabaci on potato. 114 The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of predatory thrips, their 115 prey, host plant association and their distributionMANUSCRIPT encountered in various ecosystems such as 116 vegetables, horticultural and ornamental plants, fruit orchards, and forests in the upper 117 northern region of Thailand in Chiang Rai, Phayao, Chiang Mai, Lamphun and Lampang 118 provinces.
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