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Editor C. David Garner FRS Commissioning Editor Bailey Fallon RSTA_372_2027_cover_RSTA_372_2027_cover 12/09/14 2:49 pm Page 2 GUIDANCE FOR AUTHORS Editor Selection criteria include enough detail to satisfy most non-specialist readers. C. David Garner FRS Theme issue topics are selected from proposals submitted Supplementary data up to 10Mb is placed on the Society's to the journal. Each issue is guest edited by one or more website free of charge. Larger datasets must be deposited Commissioning Editor experts in the field who invite all contributions (the in recognised public domain databases by the author. Bailey Fallon journal does not accept unsolicited stand-alone papers). The criteria for selection of topics are scientific excellence, Conditions of publication originality and interest across disciplines within biology. Articles must not have been published previously, nor Editorial Board The Editor is responsible for all decisions on proposals and be under consideration for publication elsewhere. The he makes these decisions based on the reports received main findings of the article should not have been C. David Garner, Editor Bruce Joyce C.N.R. Rao from the referees and/or Editorial Board members. reported in the mass media. Like many journals, Phil. University of Nottingham Imperial College, London CSIR Centre of Excellence in Chemistry, Trans. R. Soc. A employs a strict embargo policy where Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Kazuyuki Aihara Brian Kennett Publishing format the reporting of a scientific article by the media is University of Tokyo Australian National University Scientific Research Ulrich Rist Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A articles are published online and in embargoed until a specific time. The Editor has final Henrik Alfredsson Marta Kwiatkowska Universität Stuttgart KTH Stockholm University of Oxford print every two weeks. Along with all Royal Society authority in all matters relating to publication. Stuart Robinson Chunli Bai Ying-Cheng Lai journals, we are committed to archiving and providing Chinese Academy of Sciences University College, London Arizona State University perpetual access. The journal also offers the facility for Electronic Submission details Russel Caflisch Gordon Semenoff Frank Larkins including Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM) to For full submission guidelines and access to all journal University of California, Los Angeles University of British Columbia University of Melbourne Giu-Qiang Chen Ingrid Stairs papers. Contents of the ESM might include details of content please visit the Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A website at University of Oxford Brian Launder University of British Columbia methods, derivations of equations, large tables of data and rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org. Douglas Stephan Jack Connor University of Manchester University of Toronto computer programs. However, the printed version must Culham Centre for Fusion Energy Stephen Liddle Howard Stone Peter Coveney University of Nottingham Princeton University University College London Joseph T. C. Liu Bill Unruh Walter Craig Brown University University of British Columbia McMaster University Malcolm Longair Tanja van Mourik John Dainton University of Cambridge University of St Andrews Cockcroft Institute For Accelerator Science Mike Lovell Bryan Webber The Royal Society, the national academy of science of For further information on the Society’s activities, please and Technology University of Leicester University of Cambridge the UK and the Commonwealth, is at the cutting edge contact the following departments on the extensions Caterina Ducati John Meurig Thomas Paul Williams of scientific progress. We support many top young listed by dialling +44 (0)20 7839 5561, or visit the University of Cambridge University of Cambridge University of Reading Ben Feringa scientists, engineers and technologists, influence Society’s Web site (royalsociety.org). Paul Milewski Xuesong Wu University of Groningen science policy, debate scientific issues with the public University of Bath Imperial College, London Baylor Fox-Kemper Nicolas Moussiopoulos Maohai Xie and much more. We are an independent, charitable Research Support (UK grants and fellowships) Brown University Aristotle University, Thessaloniki Hong Kong University body and derive our authoritative status from over Research Appointments (Fellowships): 2542 Isabelle Gallagher Vivian Yam Alfredo Ozorio de Almeida 1400 Fellows and Foreign Members. Research Grants: 2223 Université Paris-Diderot University of Hong Kong Centro Brasiliero de Pesquias Nigel Goldenfeld Hiroshi Yamaguchi International travel Grants: 2555 University of Illinois Fisicas (CBPF) NTT Basic Research Laboratory Our mission: to expand knowledge and further the role Newton International Fellowships: 2559 Joanna Haigh Richard Pattrick Nan Yao of science and engineering in making the world a University of Manchester Imperial College, London Princeton University better place. Science Policy Centre Eric Priest John Zarnecki Yasuhiro Iwasawa General enquiries: 2550 University of Tokyo University of St Andrews The Open University The Royal Society’s strategic priorities are to: Science Communication • invest in future scientific leaders and in Commissioning Editor: Bailey Fallon AIMS AND SCOPE General enquiries: 2573 (tel: +44 (0)20 7451 2214; fax: +44 (0)20 7976 1837; Each issue of Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A is devoted to a specific area of the innovation, [email protected]) mathematical, physical and engineering sciences. This area will define • influence policymaking with the best scientific Library and Information Services a research frontier that is advancing rapidly, often bridging traditional advice, Library/archive enquiries: 2606 Editorial Coordinator: Ruth Milne disciplines. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A is essential reading for mathematicians, • invigorate science and mathematics education, (tel: +44 (0)20 7451 2633; [email protected]) physicists, engineers and other physical scientists. As well as theme • increase access to the best science internationally, issues, the journal publishes papers from the Royal Society’s Production Editor: Matthew Eland and mathematical, physical and engineering discussion meetings. For • inspire an interest in the joy, wonder and 6–9 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, UK information on submitting a proposal for a theme issue, please consult excitement of scientific discovery. royalsocietypublishing.org the journal’s website at rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org ISBN: 978-1-78252-096-2 COPYRIGHT © 2014 The Royal Society Except as otherwise permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publisher, or, in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. In particular, the Society permits the making of a single photocopy of an article from this issue (under Sections 29 and 38 of the Act) for an individual for the purposes of research or private study. SUBSCRIPTIONS In 2014 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A (ISSN 1364-503X) will be published Subscription prices UK, Europe USA, Canada Europe twice a month. Full details of subscriptions and single issue sales 2014 calendar year and RoW and RoW may be obtained either by contacting our journal fulfilment agent, Portland Customer Services, Commerce Way, Colchester Printed version plus £3368 €4382 $6385 CO2 8HP; Tel: +44 (0)1206 796351; fax: +44 (0)1206 799331; electronic access email: [email protected] or by visiting our website at royalsocietypublishing.org/info/subscriptions. The Royal Society Electronic access only £2406 €3130 $4561 is a Registered Charity No. 207043. Cover image: An aerial photo taken on 05 March 2010 shows different age groups of localised vegetation structures called Typeset in India by Techset Composition Limited, Salisbury, UK. Printed in the UK by Cambrian Printers. fairy circles in the Namibrand region, Namibia. Image courtesy of Professor Norbert Juergens, University of Hamburg, Germany. This paper meets the requirements of ISO 9706:1994(E) and ANSI/NISO Z39:48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) effective with volume 338, issue 1649, 1992. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A (ISSN 1364-503X) is published twice a month for US$4561 per year by the Royal Society, and is distributed in the USA by Agent named Air Business, C/O Worldnet Shipping USA Inc., 149-35 177th Street, Jamaica, New York, NY11434, USA. US Postmaster: Send address changes to Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, C/O Air Business Ltd, C/O Worldnet Shipping USA Inc., 149-35 177th Street, Jamaica, New York, NY11414..
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