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New Species of Land Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Pulmonata) of the Mekong Delta Limestone Hills (Cambodia, Vietnam)

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New Species of Land Snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Pulmonata) of the Mekong Delta Limestone Hills (Cambodia, Vietnam) Folia Malacol. 27(1): 7–41 https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.027.001 NEW SPECIES OF LAND SNAILS (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA: CAENOGASTROPODA AND PULMONATA) OF THE MEKONG DELTA LIMESTONE HILLS (CAMBODIA, VIETNAM) JAAP J. VERMEULEN1*, HONG TRUONG LUU2, KEUM THEARY3, KATJA ANKER1 1JK Art and Science, Lauwerbes 8 2318 AT Leiden, Netherlands (e-mail: [email protected]) 2Southern Institute of Ecology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1 Mac Dinh Chi Street, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (e-mail: [email protected]) 3Cambodian Entomology Initiatives, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh 12101 Cambodia (e-mail: [email protected]) *corresponding author ABSTRACT: Twenty-two new species of land snails are described from limestone hills on the west flank of the Mekong river delta, in Cambodia and Vietnam. The species belong to the families Assimineidae, Cyclophoridae, Diplommatinidae, Ariophantidae, Helicarionidae, Streptaxidae and Vertiginidae. KEY WORDS: land snails, Cambodia, Vietnam, Mekong Delta Limestone Hills INTRODUCTION The composition and special features of the snail of the 20th century. Well over a decade later, the ex- fauna of isolated limestone hills on the west flank ploration of Cambodian part of the hill chain started, of the Mekong Delta (Cambodia, Vietnam) remained spurred once more by concerns over industrial impact virtually unknown (except for a few species described on the local biodiversity. By now, the surveys have by VAN BENTHEM JUTTING (1962)) until the rampant yielded an extensive collection of terrestrial Mollusca. quarrying of the hills raised concerns among the con- Taxonomical unravelling is ongoing; this paper is one servation-minded. The first biodiversity surveys in in a series on the snail fauna of the above-mentioned the area were conducted by the Institute of Tropical limestone hills, and is preceded by VERMEULEN et al. Biology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in the last years (2007), and VERMEULEN et al. (in press). THE MEKONG DELTA LIMESTONES The Mekong Delta Limestones (MDL) consist of alluvial plains have known extended periods of in- a string of small and medium-sized limestone hills undation. For land snails and other terrestrial fauna along the Vietnamese and Cambodian coast, where preferring limestone environments, the limestone the border between the two countries meets the sea outcrops are islands of suitable habitat in vast plains (Fig. 1). The hills are situated along the western flank of uninhabitable territory. This isolation, combined of the delta of the Mekong River and, although the with the fact that the limestone hills nearest to the hills themselves apparently reached sufficiently high MDL are hundreds of kilometres away has left an im- above their surroundings to have a history as a per- print on the snail fauna of the hills. It has been char- manently terrestrial environment, the surrounding acterised as an island fauna (VERMEULEN et al. 2007), Folia Malacologica is funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Republic of Poland, under agreement no 534/P-DUN/2018 of April 4th, 2018 allocated to the activities for disseminating science: Task 1: Preparation of English versions of publications (sum funded by DUN 12,000 PLN) and Task 2: Digitalisation of publications and scientific monographs to enable their open access in the Internet (sum funded by DUN 11,070 PLN). 8 Jaap J. Vermeulen et al. Fig. 1. The Mekong Delta Limestones (MDL). Underlying map: red – MDL outcrops in four groups A, B, C, and D. Inset maps A, B, C, and D: grey – extant, limestone outcrops, light green – extinct, limestone outcrops, no longer of signif- icance for limestone biodiversity Land snails of the Mekong Delta Limestones 9 with relatively few species but high rates of ende- 2016, with extant limestone hills (grey) and extinct mism. So far, the species list includes 113 species, of ones (light green). Conservation organisations in- which 62 (55%) are potentially endemic to the MDL. volved in nature conservation wish to make visible Investigation into this fauna is ongoing and far from the degradation of the biodiversity, making use of complete; it is likely that more species, provisionally the categories of the IUCN Red List Program (IUCN identified as known and widespread ones, will prove RED LIST https://www.iucnredlist.org/) to describe new to science and endemic. the increasing pressure on individual species. For The relevance of quickly describing these new spe- inclusion in the IUCN Red List, species need to be cies lies in the fact that the MDL as a whole are under formally described. Distribution maps of the species serious threat. Next to a severe general environmen- are presented to demonstrate not only the wealth of tal degradation which started during the second half the local fauna, but particularly the fact that many of the last century, four large and several smaller ce- species appear to have a very limited distribution, ment factories are active in the area, which, together even within the MDL. These distribution patterns with numerous local entrepreneurs, quarry the val- may help NGO’s to prioritize their efforts. uable limestone. Fig. 1 shows the state of affairs in MATERIAL AND METHODS The material studied derives from the private col- ined material, below). Type specimens of new species lection of the first author (‘V’ in the lists of exam- are stored in NHMUK (Natural History Museum of Table 1. The list of hills of the study area Group Coordinates highest point Country Area Hill name (see Fig. 1) (Google Earth) Cambodia A Kampot La’ang (Phnom) 10°42'25.84"N, 104°21'09.55"E Kampot Chhngauk (Phnom) 10°38'33.82"N, 104°16'17.42"E Kampot Kbal Romeas (Phnom) 10°37'08.03"N, 104°14'41.13"E Kampot Sor Sear (Phnom) 10°33'53.42"N, 104°17'05.17"E B Banteay Meas Toch (Phnom) 10°42'08.14"N, 104°31'20.01"E Banteay Meas Totung North (Phnom) 10°41'27.90"N, 104°31'14.89"E Banteay Meas Totung South (Phnom) 10°41'02.04"N, 104°31'42.58"E Banteay Meas Teuk Srok (Phnom) 10°39'45.91"N, 104°31'16.43"E Banteay Meas Chruoh Chek (Phnom) 10°38'55.69"N, 104°31'58.22"E Banteay Meas Koun Sat (Phnom) 10°39'53.01"N, 104°32'16.24"E Banteay Meas Kunea Luong (Phnom) 10°39'23.26"N, 104°32'17.12"E Banteay Meas Nameless small hill 10°39'49.44"N, 104°31'55.67"E Banteay Meas Nameless small hill in CMIC concession 10°38'15.43"N, 104°31'32.08"E Kampong Trach Damrey South (Phnom) 10°36'04.79"N, 104°28'37.14"E Kampong Trach Kampong Trach (Phnom) 10°34'43.06"N, 104°28'17.67"E C Ha Tien Teuk Thom (Phnom) 10°26'20.82"N, 104°28'48.30"E Vietnam Ha Tien Thach Dong (Nui) 10°24'38.33"N, 104°28'29.98"E Ha Tien Da Dung (Nui) 10°25'43.54"N, 104°28'38.18"E D Kien Luong Nai (Nui) 10°16'37.39"N, 104°36'17.79"E Kien Luong Chau Hang (Nui) 10°16'24.02"N, 104°36'53.79"E Kien Luong Ong North (Nui) 10°18'28.52"N, 104°35'12.49"E Kien Luong Trau (Nui) 10°18'01.31"N, 104°37'14.25"E Kien Luong Ba Tai (Nui) 10°10'16.90"N, 104°36'06.46"E Kien Luong Bai Voi (Nui) 10°13'18.14"N, 104°36'54.85"E Kien Luong Da Lua East (Hon) 10°10'21.79"N, 104°34'42.32"E Vietnam D Kien Luong Hang Cay Ot (Nui) 10°11'27.02"N, 104°36'34.56"E Kien Luong Hang Tien (Nui) 10°11'07.52"N, 104°35'17.19"E Kien Luong Chua Hang (Nui) 10°08'22.83"N, 104°38'35.80"E Kien Luong Khoe La (Nui) 10°12'18.48"N, 104°35'27.27"E Kien Luong Lo Coc (Hon) 10°10'42.18"N, 104°35'32.09"E Kien Luong Nho (Nui) 10°14'05.77"N, 104°36'30.49"E Kien Luong Son Tra (Nui) 10°12'30.05"N, 104°37'00.33"E 10 Jaap J. Vermeulen et al. the United Kingdom, London) and RMNH (National The first author claims copyright of the illustrations Museum of Natural History, formerly Rijksmuseum of the snail species. van Natuurlijke Historie, the Netherlands, Leiden). The toponymy of the study area appears some- Duplicate sets of the collection will be stored in in- what unsettled. We have used names of hills origi- stitutes in Vietnam and Cambodia. The illustrations nating from various sources, some less formal than were drawn by the first author, with the aid of a Wild others. Therefore, we add a table with the hill names M8 stereo microscope with a Camera Lucida device. used in this paper, with coordinates (Table 1). SYSTEMATIC PART Family Assimineidae H. Adams et A. Adams, 1856 Ecology. In (disturbed) shrubby, partly deciduous coastal vegetation in rock crevices and in low, partly deciduous woodland, on limestone bedrock. Acmella trachypleura sp. n. Distribution. Vietnam, Kien Giang Province, Kien Figs 2 (blue dots), 3. Luong District. Presumably endemic to the Vietnam part of the MDL. IUCN RED LIST Category, as Acmella sp. nov. ‘Ba Tai’: Vulnerable D2. Etymology: trachus (Greek) – rough, pleuron (Greek) rib Examined material. Vietnam: Kien Giang Province, Kien Luong District, Nui Ba Tai (holotype: NHMUK Family Cyclophoridae Gray, 1847 20180548, paratypes: V 14691/8 shells); Nui Khoe La, north remnant, seaward side (V 14870/1).
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