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The Herpetofauna of Mathraki, Othonoi and Erikoussa, Diapontia Islets

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The Herpetofauna of Mathraki, Othonoi and Erikoussa, Diapontia Islets __All_Short_Notes_SHORT_NOTE.qxd 12.02.2016 10:40 Seite 27 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 28 (3/4) Wien, 30. Jänner 2016 SHORT NOTE 193 Dibulla, department of La Guajira, northern KEy WORDS: Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae, Colombia (11°15’25.3”N / 73°24’30.4”W). Pseudis paradoxa ; Guajira, Colombia, distribution, A voucher was deposited at the Herpeto - new record logical Collection of the Universidad del SUBMiTTED: April 24, 2014 Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia (CBU - AUTHORS: L. A. RUEDA -S OLANO (Corre - sponding author < [email protected] > 1) , MAG-A 309). This is the first record of this Alex GONZALES 2) , F. vARGAS -S ALiNAS 3) species for the department of La Guajira, 1) Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del and the northernmost record for Colombia Magdalena Carrera 32 No 22 - 08 PO 2-1-21630, Santa and the species within its entire distribution Marta D.T.C.H, Colombia. range. The nearest localities where P. para - 2) Programa de Biología, Universidad de la doxa was proved to occur lie in the depart - Guajira, kilometro 3 via maicao - Riohacha, Colombia. 3) Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias ments of Atlántico ( CUENTAS et al . 2002; Básicas y Tecnologías, Universidad del Quindío, Calle ROMERO & L yNCH 2012 ) and Cesar 12 N Carrera 15, Tercer piso, Edificio Ciencias Básicas (ACOSTA 2000). The present records extend y Tecnologías, Armenia, Quindío, Colombia. the known distribution of P. paradoxa more than 150 km to the north. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: Collecting permits were issued for the project “Anurofauna en el departa - The herpetofauna of Mathraki, mento de La Guajira”, which was sponsored by Cor - poración Autónoma Regional de La Guajira. Thanks Othonoi and Erikoussa, are due to the Sixta Rosa people for field assistance. Diapontia islets, Greece REFERENCES: ACOSTA -G ALviS , A. R. (2000): Ranas, salamandras y caecilias (Tetrapoda: Amphibia) de Colombia.- Biota Colombiana, Santafé de Bogotá; 1 The herpetofauna of Corfu (Kérkira), (3): 289-319. ACOSTA -G ALviS , A. R. (2012): Anfibios including the islets of vido (Pithia) and La - de los enclaves secos del área de influencia de los Montes de María y la Ciénaga de La Caimanera, depar - zaretto (Ag. Dimitrios), is well documented tamento de Sucre, Colombia.- Biota Colombiana, (e.g., TOTH et al. 2002; RAZETTi et al. 2006; Santafé de Bogotá; 13 (2): 211-231. ACOSTA -G ALviS , references therein) and the nearby island of A. R. (2014): Lista de los anfibios de Colombia. Paxos (Paxoi) has recently been discussed ver.03.2014. WWW document available at < http:// www.batrachia.com > (last accessed: March 24, 2014). by WiLSON et al. (2014). in contrast, there BERNAL , M. H. & L yNCH , J. D. (2008): Review and is no published information on the herpeto - analysis of altitudinal distribution of the Andean anu - fauna of the neighboring Antipaxos and the rans in Colombia.- Zootaxa, Auckland; 1826: 1-25. Diapontia islets. CUENTAS -M ONTALvO , D. & B ORJA -A CUñA , R. & LyNCH , J. D. & R ENGiFO , J. M . (2002): Anuros del The Diapontia archipelago, situated departamento del Atlántico y Norte del Bolívar. off the northwest coast of Corfu (Figure 1), Barranquilla, Colombia (Universidad del Atlántico y consists of seven small islets of which the Corporación Autónoma Regional del Atlántico - three main islets are Othonoi, Erikoussa and Cencys 21), pp. 117. EMERSON , S. B. (1988): The giant tadpole of Pseudis paradoxa .- Biological Journal of the Mathraki. These islets have a small number Linnean Society, Oxford; 34 (2): 93-104. FROST , D. R. of year round residents, whereas Platia, (2014): Amphibian species of the world: ver. 6.0. Elec - Trachia, Diaplo and Diakopo are very small tronic database WWW document accessible at < http:// uninhabited islets. The closest distance to research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html > American Museum of Natural History, New york, italy is 75 km (from Othonoi), to Albania 30 USA. (last accessed: March 24, 2014). GALviS -P EñU- km (from Erikoussa) and to Corfu 8 km ELA , P. A. & M EJiA -T OBON , A. & R UEDA -A LMONACiD , J. (from Mathraki). v. (2011): Fauna silvestre de la Reserva Forestal The topography of Erikoussa and Protectora Montes de Oca. La Guajira, Colombia (Corpoguajira), pp. 822. LESCURE , J. & M ARTy , C. Mathraki is low-lying and hilly. Mathraki (2000): Atlas des amphibiens de Guyane.- Collection (2.9 km 2) has several beaches and is sur - Patrimoines Naturels / Muséum National d’Histoire rounded by reefs and rocky islets. Erikous - Naturelle, Paris; 45: 1-388). RENGiFO , R. J. M. & sa (3.7 km 2) has two main beaches with LUNDBERG , M. (1999): Guía de campo. Anfibios y rep - tíles de Urrá. Medellín (Ediciones Skanska y Editorial sand-dunes, a long valley, the Megalo Livadi, Colina), pp. 96. ROMERO J. H. & L yNCH , J. D. ( 2012): that is crossing most of the island from the Anfibios de la región Caribe; pp. 677-701. in: RANGEL - south to the northwest and several streams CH., J . O. (Ed.): Colombia. Diversidad Biótica Xii. La that become dry during summer. On región Caribe de Colombia. Bogotá D. C. (Universidad 2 Nacional de Colombia - instituto de Ciencias Natura - Othonoi (10.5 km ) there is a small moun - les). tain, Merovigli, on the northwest side of the __All_Short_Notes_SHORT_NOTE.qxd 12.02.2016 10:40 Seite 28 194 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 28 (3/4) Wien, 30. Jänner 2016 SHORT NOTE Fig. 1: Corfu and the three main Diapontia islets of Mathraki, Othonoi and Erikoussa. islet, a valley and a river crossing the islet in the Diapontia islets were connected to each a southeast to northwest direction, and sev - other and to the mainland. At the beginning eral small streams and rivers that become of the Holocene period (8,000 cal yr BP) the dry during the summer. The Calypso cave, sea-level had risen and the cost-line in the said to be the place where Odysseus was study area looked very much like it does at kept prisoner, is situated on the west coast. the present time. However, the relatively According to MAKRODiMiTRiAS et al. low level of sea rise and the extensive sedi - (2010) the Diapontia islets belong to the ment deposition in the area during this peri - external ionian zone of the Hellenides od extended the land sea-wards ( PERiSSORA- Mountains and are surrounded by faults and TiS & C ONiSPOLiATiS 2003) suggesting that thrusts. The Borsh Khardhiqit strike slip the shores of the islands in this particular fault is situated just north of the islands, the area were more extensive than they are ionian thrust borders the islands in the west, today. the Middle ionian thrust traverses the main - The vegetation of the Diapontia islets land in the east and the margin of Corfu is typical Mediterranean with costal sclero - forms a boundary in the south. This means phyllous forests, stands of Cupressus sem - that the islands are situated on the hanging pervirens and Pinus halapensis (the latter wall of the ionian thrust creating a “piggy- mainly on Erikoussa) and phrygana vegeta - back” basin where sedimentation continues. tion. A total of 558 species and subspecies The external ionian sedimentary zone con - of vascular plants have been reported from sists of sandstone, mudstone, limestone and the islands, as compared to Corfu’s 1866 evaporites. The top soil is formed by sandy (PANiTSA & i LiADOU 2013). Erica manipuli - loam that when saturated keeps the water on flora , Myrtus communis , Rosmarinus offici - the surface, forming temporary pools and nalis , Salvia fruticosa , Spartium junceum , puddles. Anthyllis hermanniae and Euphorbia ar - The ionian islands did not completely borea are examples of common species separate from the mainland until sometime found on the islets. The climate is similar to during the Pleistocene period. Subsequent - that of Corfu with dry, rather warm sum - ly, the sea-level in the ionian Sea was at its mers, and extensive rains (approximately lowest during late Pleistocene (-120 m, 1,000 mm annually; TOTH et al. 2002) main - 21,500 cal yr BP) when the last large glacial ly during the winter months. of the Weichsel/Würm ice age was at its The influence of human activity on the maximum. During this period, Corfu and three studied islets seems much less exten - __All_Short_Notes_SHORT_NOTE.qxd 12.02.2016 10:40 Seite 29 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 28 (3/4) Wien, 30. Jänner 2016 SHORT NOTE 195 sive than on, for example, Corfu. All the tion had been found in the village in mid- islets have been cultivated and olive pro - May. duction has previously been a main source The area around the village, which of income, and on Othonoi, production of holds a very dense population of B. viridis , timber for export. Today the olive produc - and the Megalo Livadi may very well sup - tion and cultivation on the islets is kept to a port populations of Hyla and Mauremys . small scale and the natural vegetation is However, to clarify this a visit to the island becoming dominant. Furthermore, there are during March-April, when streams and only a few hotels and no large tourist com - ponds are flooded, is required. plexes, and the roads are small with only a Hemidactylus turcicus (LiNNEUS , few cars. 1758) (Fig. 3) – extremely common, occur - The Diapontia islets were colonized ring in all habitat types. during the second half of the 16th century, Algyroides nigropunctatus (DUMéRiL starting with Othonoi. The Othonoi harbor & B iBRON , 1839) (Fig. 4) – common on the of Ammos was once busy with ships sailing island. All adult males observed displayed the Adriatic, and from a tourist perspective orange-red throats and bellies, but were in - there still seems to be a close connection to variably missing the blue throat typically italy ( FAKAROS 1998).
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