DOCSLIB.ORG

Storage Security: Fibre Channel Security

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Storage Security: Fibre Channel Security Storage Networking Industry Association Technical White Paper Storage Security: Fibre Channel Security Version 1.0 May 20, 2016 Abstract: The ISO/IEC 27040:2015 (Information technology - Security techniques - Storage security) standard provides detailed technical guidance on controls and methods for securing storage systems and ecosystems. This whitepaper provides an overview of the Fibre Channel (FC) security guidance in the standard as applied to Storage Area Networks (SAN). It also provides additional SNIA guidance in developing a FC security program to meet organizations’ particular needs. USAGE The SNIA hereby grants permission for individuals to use this document for personal use only, and for corporations and other business entities to use this document for internal use only (including internal copying, distribution, and display) provided that: 1. Any text, diagram, chart, table or definition reproduced shall be reproduced in its entirety with no alteration, and, 2. Any document, printed or electronic, in which material from this document (or any portion hereof) is reproduced shall acknowledge the SNIA copyright on that material, and shall credit the SNIA for granting permission for its reuse. Other than as explicitly provided above, you may not make any commercial use of this document, sell any or this entire document, or distribute this document to third parties. All rights not explicitly granted are expressly reserved to SNIA. Permission to use this document for purposes other than those enumerated above may be requested by e-mailing [email protected]. Please include the identity of the requesting individual and/or company and a brief description of the purpose, nature, and scope of the requested use. All code fragments, scripts, data tables, and sample code in this SNIA document are made available under the following license: BSD 3-Clause Software License Copyright (c) 2016, The Storage Networking Industry Association. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name of The Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Fibre Channel Security SNIA Technical White Paper 2 May 20, 2016 DISCLAIMER The information contained in this publication is subject to change without notice. The SNIA makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this specification, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The SNIA shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this specification. Suggestions for revisions should be directed to http://www.snia.org/feedback/. Copyright © 2016 SNIA. All rights reserved. All other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Fibre Channel Security SNIA Technical White Paper 3 May 20, 2016 Revision History Revision Date Sections Originator: Comments V0.1 4/2/2015 All Eric Hibbard Initial Draft V1.0 5/20/2016 All Eric Hibbard Final 1.0 Text Suggestion for changes or modifications to this document should be submitted at http://www.snia.org/feedback/. Foreword This is one of a series of whitepapers prepared by the SNIA Security Technical Working Group to provide an introduction and overview of important topics in ISO/IEC 27040:2015, Information technology – Security techniques – Storage security. While not intended to replace the standard, they provide additional explanations and guidance beyond that found in the actual standard. Fibre Channel Security SNIA Technical White Paper 4 May 20, 2016 Executive Summary Fibre Channel is often viewed as a specialized form of networking that lives with data centers and neither has or requires special security protections. Neither of these assumptions is true, but finding the appropriate details to secure Fibre Channel infrastructure can be challenging. This SNIA storage security whitepaper leverages the guidance in the ISO/IEC 27040 standard and provides value added information on Fibre Channel as it relates to storage systems and ecosystems. 1 Introduction ISO/IEC 27040:2015 Information technology - Security techniques - Storage security provides detailed technical guidance in securing storage systems and ecosystems (see Appendix A for an overview). While the coverage of this standard is quite broad it lacks details for certain important topics. This whitepaper, one in a series from SNIA that addresses various elements of storage security, is intended to leverage the guidance in the ISO/IEC 27040 standard and enhance it with a specific focus on Fibre Channel (FC) security. The whitepaper provides background information on Fibre Channel, summarizes the FC security options, explores the relevant ISO/IEC 27040 guidance, and offers additional information to help secure FC-based storage. 2 Storage Technology Overview This section briefly describes key storage technologies with the intent of setting the stage for the security descriptions and guidance. 2.1 Storage Area Networks (SAN) A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a specialized, high-speed network that provides block-level network access to storage. SANs are typically composed of hosts, switches, storage elements, and storage devices that are interconnected using a variety of technologies, topologies, and protocols. SANs may also span multiple sites. SANs are often used to ⎯ improve application availability (e.g., multiple data paths), ⎯ enhance application performance (e.g., off-load storage functions, segregate networks, etc.), Fibre Channel Security SNIA Technical White Paper 5 May 20, 2016 ⎯ increase storage utilization and effectiveness (e.g., consolidate storage resources, provide tiered storage, etc.), and ⎯ improve data protection and security. In addition, SANs typically play an important role in an organization's Business Continuity Management (BCM)1 activities. A SAN presents storage devices to a host such that the storage appears to be locally attached. This simplified presentation of storage to a host is accomplished through the use of different types of virtualization. SANs are commonly based on Fibre Channel (FC) technology2 that utilizes the Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) for open systems and proprietary variants for mainframes. In addition, the use of Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) makes it possible to move FC traffic across existing high- speed Ethernet infrastructure and converge storage and IP protocols onto a single cable. Other technologies like Internet Small Computing System Interface (iSCSI), commonly used in small and medium sized organization as a less expensive alternative to FC, and InfiniBand, commonly used in high performance computing environments, can also be used. In addition, it is possible to use gateways to move data between different SAN technologies. 2.2 Fibre Channel (FC) According to the SNIA Dictionary, Fibre Channel is A serial I/O interconnect capable of supporting multiple protocols, including access to open system storage (FCP), access to mainframe storage (FICON), and networking (TCP/IP). It supports point to point, arbitrated loop, and switched topologies with a variety of copper and optical links running at a variety of speeds. The Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) is described in ANSI INCITS 470–2011 (FC-FS-3) as a network architecture organized into five layers or levels. The following table provides a brief summary for each of the levels: 1 "Business Continuity Management (BCM)" is used in ISO/IEC 27002:2013 to cover topics such as Disaster Recovery (DR) and the broader issue of Business Continuity (BC). In the past, DR and BC were addressed differently by the security community, but the current trend is to handle them as elements under BCM. 2 SANs that are based on the Fibre Channel switched fabric (FC-SW) topology are sometimes referred to as FC fabrics. Fibre Channel Security SNIA Technical White Paper 6 May 20, 2016 FC-4 Protocol-mapping layer (application protocols, such as SCSI, IP or FICON, are encapsulated into a protocol data unit for delivery to FC-2) FC-3 Common services layer FC-2 Network layer (core of Fibre Channel, and defines the main protocols) FC-1 Data link layer (implements line coding of signals) FC-0 Physical layer (cabling,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • HP SN3000B Fibre Channel Switch Quickspecs
    QuickSpecs HP SN3000B Fibre Channel Switch Overview To remain competitive, IT organizations must keep pace with ever-increasing workloads without a similar increase in their budgets or resources. While virtualization has provided some relief by enabling the benefits of faster deployment and consolidation, it also tends to put additional stress on data center networks. In addition, the move toward cloud computing, which promises greater efficiency and a more service-oriented business model, means that these networks will face even greater demands. The HP SN3000B Fibre Channel Switch meets the demands of hyper-scale, private cloud storage environments by delivering market- leading 16 Gb Fibre Channel technology and capabilities that support highly virtualized environments. Designed to enable maximum flexibility and investment protection, the SN3000B Switch is configurable in 12 or 24 ports and supports 4, 8, or 16 Gbps speeds in an efficiently designed 1U package. It also provides a simplified deployment process and a point-and-click user interface-making it both powerful and easy to use. The SN3000B Switch offers low-cost access to industry-leading Storage Area Network (SAN) technology while providing "pay-as-you-grow" scalability to meet the needs of an evolving storage environment. The SN3000B is available in two models: HP SN3000B 16Gb 24-port/24-port Active Fibre Channel Switch HP SN3000B 16Gb 24-port/12-port Active Fibre Channel Switch DA - 14277 Worldwide — Version 6 — March 25, 2013 Page 1 QuickSpecs HP SN3000B Fibre Channel Switch
    [Show full text]
  • FICON Native Implementation and Reference Guide
    Front cover FICON Native Implementation and Reference Guide Architecture, terminology, and topology concepts Planning, implemention, and migration guidance Realistic examples and scenarios Bill White JongHak Kim Manfred Lindenau Ken Trowell ibm.com/redbooks International Technical Support Organization FICON Native Implementation and Reference Guide October 2002 SG24-6266-01 Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page vii. Second Edition (October 2002) This edition applies to FICON channel adaptors installed and running in FICON native (FC) mode in the IBM zSeries procressors (at hardware driver level 3G) and the IBM 9672 Generation 5 and Generation 6 processors (at hardware driver level 26). © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2001, 2002. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Notices . vii Trademarks . viii Preface . ix The team that wrote this redbook. ix Become a published author . .x Comments welcome. .x Chapter 1. Overview . 1 1.1 How to use this redbook . 2 1.2 Introduction to FICON . 2 1.3 zSeries and S/390 9672 G5/G6 I/O connectivity. 3 1.4 zSeries and S/390 FICON channel benefits . 5 Chapter 2. FICON topology and terminology . 9 2.1 Basic Fibre Channel terminology . 10 2.2 FICON channel topology. 12 2.2.1 Point-to-point configuration . 14 2.2.2 Switched point-to-point configuration . 15 2.2.3 Cascaded FICON Directors configuration. 16 2.3 Access control. 18 2.4 Fibre Channel and FICON terminology.
    [Show full text]
  • Fibre Channel Testing for Avionics Applications
    FIBRE CHANNEL TESTING FOR AVIONICS APPLICATIONS Item Type text; Proceedings Authors Warden, Gary; Fleissner, Bill Publisher International Foundation for Telemetering Journal International Telemetering Conference Proceedings Rights Copyright © International Foundation for Telemetering Download date 23/09/2021 09:45:36 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605804 FIBRE CHANNEL TESTING FOR AVIONICS APPLICATIONS Gary Warden Bill Fleissner AIM-USA AIM-USA 2252 Bandit Trail 600 W Riechmuth Rd Beavercreek, Ohio Valley, NE 68064 45434 (866) 246-1553 (937) 427-1280 Abstract - Fibre Channel is being implemented speed serial transmissions placed in routed as an avionics communication architecture for switched architectures. a variety of new military aircraft and upgrades to existing aircraft. The Fibre Channel You will see that this “shared characteristic” standard (see T11 web site www.t11.org) places two important stress points on incumbent defines various network topologies and testing methodologies and strategies. First, the multiple data protocols. Some of the shear volume of the data makes it impossible to topologies and protocols (ASM, 1553, RDMA) hold onto a philosophy of logging all data on the are suited for Avionics applications, where the network so as to not miss something of movement of data between devices must take importance for post-run or post-flight analysis. place in a deterministic fashion and needs to And secondly, in a switched topology there is no be delivered very reliably. All aircraft flight single tap point in the system where all the data hardware needs to be tested to be sure that it may be seen. Perhaps as important is the fact will communicate information properly in the that, since shared media transports have been Fibre Channel network.
    [Show full text]
  • Silkworm 200E Fibre Channel Switch Enables Small and Medium-Sized Organizations to Easily Deploy Affordable Sans with Point-And-Click Configuration
    The 4 Gbit/sec Brocade SilkWorm 200E Fibre Channel switch enables small and medium-sized organizations to easily deploy affordable SANs with point-and-click configuration. SILKWORM SWITCH FAMILY SILKWORM 200E Highlights Small SAN Affordability with Growth Capabilities • Provides an affordable, flexible foun- dation for entry-level SANs, and an edge switch for core-to-edge SAN As the value and volume of business growth options with Ports On environments data continue to rise, organizations Demand scalability, the ability to add • Enables “pay-as-you-grow” scalability need technology solutions that are multiple switches to the SAN, and from single-switch fabrics to full-fabric easy to implement and manage, and enterprise-class functionality that enterprise capabilities with Ports On Demand scalability from 8 to 12 or that can grow and change with enables its use as an edge switch in 16 ports in 4-port increments minimal disruption.Today, Brocade® larger SAN fabrics. Storage Area Network (SAN) solu- • Utilizes the Brocade EZSwitchSetup INCREASED EFFICIENCY TO MANAGE wizard, which makes SAN configura- tions can help organizations simplify BUSINESS GROWTH tion a 3-step point-and-click task their IT management infrastructures, The SilkWorm 200E significantly • Provides 4 Gbit/sec performance and shrink data backup windows, improve increases performance and function- availability characteristics typically system performance, and reduce associated with larger enterprises ality for SANs at an entry-level overall storage costs. price. Based on
    [Show full text]
  • Connectrix Switch MDS-9000S Tech Specs
    Specification Sheet Connectrix MDS-9148S and MDS-9396S 16Gb/s Fibre Channel Switches The Dell EMC Connecrix MDS 9000S Switch series support up to 16 Gigabit per second (Gb/s) Fibre Channel performance which accommodates mission-critical applications and today’s all flash storage systems. Both models are NVMe over Fabric (NVMe oF) capable with no change required in the SAN.. Connectrix MDS 16Gb/s Fibre Channel Switch Models MDS-9148S This switch scales from 12 to 48 line-rate 16 Gb/s Fibre Channel ports in a single compact one rack-unit (RU) form factor, providing high performance with exceptional flexibility at effective cost. The MDS-9148S is an ideal solution for a standalone Storage Area Network (SAN) in small departmental storage environments, a top-of-rack switch in medium-sized redundant fabrics or as an edge switch in larger-scale enterprise data center core-edge topologies. The MDS-9148S delivers speeds of 2, 4, 8 and 16 Gb/s, with 16Gb/s of dedicated bandwidth for each port. Individual ports can be configured with either short or long wavelength optics. MDS-9396S This 96-port switch is a highly reliable, flexible, fabric switch. It combines high performance with exceptional flexibility and cost effectiveness. This powerful, compact two rack-unit (2RU) switch scales from 48 to 96 line-rate 16 Gb/s Fibre Channel ports. For ultimate flexibility, there are two MDS-9396S models to support options for airflow. You can choose port side intake (PSI) where air flows front to back or port side exhaust (PSE) where air flow flows back to front.
    [Show full text]
  • Cisco MDS 9250I Multiservice Fabric Switch for IBM an Optimized Solution for Departmental and Branch-Office Sans As Well As Large-Scale Sans
    IBM Systems Data Sheet Cisco MDS 9250i Multiservice Fabric Switch for IBM An optimized solution for departmental and branch-office SANs as well as large-scale SANs Cisco MDS 9250i Multiservice Fabric Switch for IBM® System Highlights Storage® is an optimized platform for deploying high-performance SAN extension solutions, distributed intelligent fabric services and ●● ●●Provide 16 Gbps connectivity in a cost-effective multiprotocol connectivity for both open systems and high-densit y Fibre Channel switch mainframe environments. With a compact form factor and advanced ●● ●●Enable storage area network (SAN) con- capabilities normally available only on director-class switches, solidation with integrated multiprotocol MDS 9250i is an ideal solution for departmental and remote branch- support office SANs as well as large-scale SANs in conjunction with the ●● ●●Deliver high-p erformance Fibre Channel Cisco MDS 9710 Multilayer Director. over IP (FCIP) and fast disaster recovery ●● ●●Support hardware-bas ed virtual fabric MDS 9250i offers up to 40 16 Gbps Fibre Channel ports, two isolation with virtual SANs (VSANs) and 10 Gigabit Ethernet IP storage services ports and eight 10 Gigabit Fibre Channel routing with Inter-V SAN routing (IVR) Ethernet Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) ports in a fixed, two- rack-unit (2RU) form factor. MDS 9250i connects to existing native Fibre ●● ●●Enable cost- effective, high- performing Channel networks, protecting current investments in storage networks. Fibre Channel and FCIP connectivity for open systems and mainframe environments Main features and benefits ●● ●●Cisco Data Mobility Manager (DMM) as a MDS 9250i provides unique multiservice and multiprotocol functions in distributed fabric service a compact 2RU form factor.
    [Show full text]
  • Brocade SAN Fabric Administration Best Practices Guide
    DATA CENTER SAN Fabric Administration Best Practices Guide Support Perspective A high-level guide focusing on the tools needed to proactively configure, monitor, and manage the Brocade Fibre Channel Storage Area Network infrastructure. SAN Administration BEST PRACTICES CONTENTS Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Audience and Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Brocade Tool Set ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Evolution of the Enterprise Data Center .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 SAN Administrator Dilemma ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Fabric Configuration ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • HP Storageworks SN6000C 8Gb Fibre Channel Switch
    HP StorageWorks SN6000C 8Gb Fibre Channel QuickSpecs Switch Overview The StorageWorks SN6000C 8Gb Fabric Switch is a high-performance, flexible, cost-effective platform providing high- density, line-rate 8-Gbps ports for storage networking deployments in small, medium-sized, and large enterprise environments. The SN6000C switch offers outstanding value by providing high-availability, security, and ease of use at a cost-effective price in a compact one-rack-unit (1RU) form factor. With the flexibility to expand from 16 to 48 ports in 8-port increments, the SN6000C offers the densities required to scale from an entry-level departmental switch to top-of-the-rack switch to edge connectivity in enterprise SANs. The SN6000C delivers a nonblocking architecture, with all 48 1/2/4/8-Gbps ports operating at line rate concurrently. The SN6000C supports the C-series Device Manager quick configuration wizard, which allows it to be deployed quickly and easily in networks of any size. Powered by C-series MDS 9000 NX-OS Software, it includes advanced storage networking features and functions and is compatible with C-series 9500 Series Multilayer Directors and C-series MDS 9100 and 9200 Series Multilayer Fabric Switches, providing transparent, end-to-end service delivery in core-edge deployments. HP StorageWorks SN6000C Fibre Channel Switch Key Features and Benefits High Performance with exceptional flexibility Up to 768 Gbps of aggregate bandwidth in a 1 rack unit (RU) Up to 48 autosensing Fibre channel ports capable of speeds of 1/2/4/8 Gbps Pay as
    [Show full text]
  • Silkworm 3850 16-Port Fabric Switch Enables Small and Medium-Sized Organizations to Deploy Affordable Sans That Improve the Efficiency of Their Business Operations
    The 2 Gbit/sec Brocade SilkWorm 3850 16-port fabric switch enables small and medium-sized organizations to deploy affordable SANs that improve the efficiency of their business operations. SILKWORM SWITCH FAMILY SILKWORM 3850 Highlights Increased Efficiency to Manage Business Growth • Improves business operations by increasing efficiency through higher resource utilization As the value and volume of business Fibre Channel throughput with new • Increases productivity through data continue to rise, organizations features that greatly enhance switch ease of use and simplified are constantly challenged to “do more operation.As a result, organizations storage management with less.”These organizations need can enjoy the advantages of low-cost • Enables “pay-as-you-grow” technology solutions that are easy to device connectivity and powerful scalability from entry 2-switch fabrics implement and manage, that can grow capabilities that make SAN technology to full-fabric enterprise capabilities and change with minimal disruption, highly accessible and affordable. • Protects investments with seamless and that offer dramatic operational upgrades to new functions and future PAY-AS-YOU GROW SCALABILITY ® switch capabilities efficiencies.Today, Brocade Storage Designed for small and medium- Area Network (SAN) solutions can • Meets high-availability requirements sized organizations, the SilkWorm with hot code activation, automatic help organizations simplify their 3850 integrates innovative hardware path rerouting, extensive diagnostics, IT management infrastructures, and dual-redundant power supplies and software features that make it shrink data backup windows, easy to deploy, manage, and integrate • Includes 1 and 2 Gbit/sec interfaces improve system performance, into a wide range of IT environments. for backward compatibility with and reduce overall storage costs.
    [Show full text]
  • Qlogic 9000 Series Data Sheet
    DATA SHEET QLogic 9000 Stackable Chassis Switch The Benefits of Modular Blades— at an Edge Switch Price Overview Changing business requirements at many of today’s best companies are driving the need for the scalability, resiliency, and manageability provided by modular, chassis-based SAN switches. As new and unpredictable demands spring up every quarter, these companies require the flexibility to modify and expand their server/storage infrastructure frequently without affecting production environments. In addition, as the mission-critical role of data continues to grow, more businesses than ever must guarantee iron-clad security while providing a high degree of control and monitoring in their data centers. Until now, the robust performance, rapid deployment potential, and “pay-as-you-grow” budgeting advantages of Fibre Channel chassis Switches have been available only in the form of expensive Director appliances targeted primarily at mainframe customers. IT managers with high-port-count open systems SANs, who are unwilling to pay a premium for unused director features (such as FICON support), have been forced to purchase complicated meshes of smaller switches or very large fixed-port units—both of which offer high port counts, but much less flexibility, fault tolerance, and overall system control. QLogic now provides a new class of core switch, representing a sane alternative to one-quarter-million-dollar directors and large, less resilient fixed-port switches. The QLogic 9000 Series is Designed to the Core for cost-sensitive, business-critical,
    [Show full text]
  • Fibre Channel — Switch Fabric - 6 (FC-SW-6) 1 Scope
    draft proposed INCITS Standard INCITS xxx-xxxx draft proposed American National Standard for Information Technology— Fibre Channel — Switch Fabric - 6 (FC-SW-6) 1 Scope This American National Standard for FC-SW-6 describes the operation and interaction of Fibre Chan- nel Switches. This standard includes: a) E_Port Operation and Fabric Configuration; b) Path selection (FSPF); c) Bridge Port (B_Port) Operation; d) Distributed server interaction and communication; e) Exchange of information between Switches to support zoning; f) Distribution of Event Notifications between Switches; g) Virtual Fabrics Switch Support; h) Enhanced Commit Service; i) Virtual Channels; and j) Distributed Switch Mmodel. 2 Normative references 2.1 Overview The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in the text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. For electronic copies of ANSI and INCITS standards, visit ANSI's Electronic Standards Store (ESS) at http://www.ansi.org. For printed versions of most standards listed here, contact Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO; 80112-5704, (800) 854-7179. 1 INCITS xxx-xxxx Switch Fabric - 6 Rev 1.3+ November 18, 2013 Orders for ISO Standards and ISO publications should normally be addressed to the ISO member in your country. If that is impractical, ISO Standards and ISO publications may be ordered from ISO Central Secretariat (ISO/CS): Phone +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Post ISO, 1, rue de Varembé, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland In order to avoid delivery errors, it is important that you accurately quote the standard's reference number given in the ISO catalogue.
    [Show full text]
  • Legacy Technologies
    Legacy Technologies Reference Manual P/N 300-011-727 REV A02 EMC Corporation Corporate Headquarters: Hopkinton, MA 01748-9103 1-508-435-1000 www.EMC.com Copyright © 2001 – 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Published April, 2011 EMC believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date. The information is subject to change without notice. THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” EMC CORPORATION MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Use, copying, and distribution of any EMC software described in this publication requires an applicable software license. For the most up-to-date regulatory document for your product line, go to the Technical Documentation and Advisories section on EMC Powerlink. For the most up-to-date listing of EMC product names, see EMC Corporation Trademarks on EMC.com. All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. 2 Legacy Technologies Reference Manaul Contents Preface.............................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 1 Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL) FC-AL ................................................................................................. 16 Overview..................................................................................... 16 Loop construction.....................................................................
    [Show full text]