Education and Adventure Tours

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Education and Adventure Tours Education and Adventure Tours Schools Programme 2017-18 www.arcticdirect.co.uk [email protected] Designed for your students Providing the adventure of a lifetime Arctic tours tailored to your requirements Working with schools worldwide we have hand crafted a number of bespoke tour programmes. These are designed to complement the work young people are undertaking in the classroom whilst enriching their outlook on the word around them and driving their sense of adventure. Tours are designed to offer excitement and fun for students and staff alike whilst still embracing an educational approach. Winter: Swedish Winter Adventure Rovaniemi Arctic Experience Ski Week in Finland Winter and Summer Study Visit Iceland: Renewable Energy and Green Thinking All of our packages can be further tailored to suit any specific requirements. Where required, full safety briefings are given and equipment is provided. All of our packages are ATOL protected for your peace of mind and that of the parents. We look forward to arranging your next arctic adventure. Charlotte Marshall-Reynolds Director - Travelbee, Arctic Direct Swedish Winter Adventure 5 Days, 4 Nights Offering an unparalleled opportunity to see the Northern Lights as there is 2 nights in the wilderness, this package is perfect for schools who want to encourage a student’s sense of adventure. There is an Igloo experience, husky and snowmobile safaris (non-driving) so offers students lots to do as well as all the thermal clothing rental for everybody. Flights from London Gatwick via Stockholm All Transfers 2 nights youth hostel 1 night wilderness camp 1 night in Igloos Husky Safari Snowmobile sledge safari Northern Lights dinner Wilderness dinner at camp Warm clothing rental ATOL protection From £995pp for 25—50 students 1 free staff place for every 10 paying passengers Departures: January, February, March (excluding half term week) Rovaniemi Arctic Experience 4 Days, 3 Nights Rovaniemi, located right in the confluence of the rivers Kemijoki and Ounasjoki at the Arctic Circle, is the unofficial capital and the gate to Finnish Lapland. The rural municipality comprises Rovaniemi, Rovaniemi sub-region and Ranua. The population of Rovaniemi is 36000 and Ranua’s 5000 inhabitants, and together with Rovaniemi sub-region makes a total of 63000 inhabitants. The Arctic Circle is the imaginary line located at 66 32’ ‘35’’. Above the Arctic Circle the sun never sets in summer for at least one night a year, giving us the chance to enjoy the midnight sun; during the winter months, the sun does not rise at least one day a year. The winter darkness brings the kaamos, a very special dark blue light from the sky reflected on the snow, and Northern Lights dancing in the sky. Winter is long, and the darkness is just a part of it: from February we have longer days, and in mid-March days already longer than in South Europe. Rovaniemi is home to Arktikum (pictured, top) a museum and science centre exploring the Arctic region and the history of Finnish Lapland. The Science Centre Pilke features interactive exhibits on northern forests. Flights from London Heathrow via Helsinki All Transfers 3 nights in log cabin accommodation with Half board Visit to Arktikum museum and science centre. Husky Safari Snowmobile sledge safari Northern Lights tour Warm clothing rental ATOL protection From £995pp for 25—50 students 1 free staff place for every 10 paying passengers From £895pp room only basis Departures: January, February, March (excluding half term week) Ski Week Levi, Finland 8 Days, 7 Nights Levi is a fell located in Finnish Lapland, and the largest ski resort in Finland. The resort is located in Kittilä municipality and is served by Kittilä Airport and Kolari railway station. At a latitude of 67.8° north, it is located approximately 170 km (110 mi) north of the Arctic Circle. The slopes in Levi are mostly suitable for beginners or intermediates, but there are also three black slopes for experts. The highest vertical drop is 325 m (1,066 ft) and the longest slope is 2.1 km (1.3 mi) in length. The longest ski lift is about 1,636 metres (1.017 mi) long. Its ski area is regarded as the best and most extensive in Finland and offers snow-sure, uncrowded skiing in an area of exceptional natural beauty. This pristine winter wonderland of snow-sculpted forests and glistening frozen lakes offers an extensive choice of activities including exhilarating husky, reindeer and snowmobile safaris. Skiing amidst the silence of the fells in a mystical blue twilight with rose-coloured dawns and dusks will leave you and your students with incredible memories. Flights from Bristol, Gatwick and Manchester direct to Kittilä All Transfers 7 nights in log cabin accommodation, half board 7 days lift pass 5 days ski/snowboard tuition (1 ½ hours per day) Ski/board and boot hire Ice-Karting competition (Drivers 12yrs +) Northern Lights tour Warm clothing rental ATOL protection From £1,195pp for 25—50 students 1 free staff place for every 10 paying passengers Supplements apply for Bristol (+£45pp) and Manchester (+ £25pp) departures. Study tour Iceland: Renewable energy, green thinking 7 Days, 6 Nights Day 1 Arrival at Keflavik International airport. Transportation to Reykjavik via short detour to explore the lunar-like lava landscapes between Keflavik airport and Reykjavik city. Check-in to Reykjavik City Hostel (www.reykjavikcityhostel.is). Students will share rooms for 4-6 persons and group leaders will be provided with single/twin rooms. A warm-up and get together. City tour to downtown Reykjavik with stræto public transportation, including the most significant places in the capital such as the beautiful Solfar sculpture, the magnificent Harpa concert and convention palace on the waterfront, the main street Laugavegur & the harbour area. Visit to the towering Hallgrim‘s church, the largest church and the sixth tallest architectural structure in Iceland famous for its pipe organ and a climb to the church tower for a magnificent view of the city. Visit to the restaurant Perlan (The Pearl) and Hofdi House, where the all-important summit meeting between President Ronald Reagan and Secretary General Mikhail Gobachev took place in 1986. A jump into Laugardalslaug, the largest geothermal heated outdoor swimming pool in Iceland (situated next door to Reykjavik City Hostel. Dinner. Free time in the evening for relaxation. Day 2 An excursion day trip to the Golden Circle to explore historical and cultural icelandic sagas and places. Reykjavik-Hellisheidi Power Plant-Hveragerdi-Ljosafossvirkjun Power Station-Gullfoss-Geysir -Thingvellir-Reykjavik. Presentations will be given to the youth groups on Iceland and Icelandic heritage. Breakfast at Reykjavik City Hostel. The Geothermal Energy Exhibition at Hellisheidi Power Plant. The exhibition is a state-of-the-art look into the utilization of geothermal energy in Iceland. The Hellisheidi Power Plant, owned by Reykjavik Energy, is a striking example of how geothermal energy can be utilized in a sustainable manner and is a showcase for geothermal‘s global role in a renewable and sustainable future. Experienced guides are on-hand to provide informative presentations and lectures backed by multimedia exhibitions about geothermal energy as a global energy source. A short film, The Origin of Geothermal Energy, is available in Icelandic, English, French, German, Spanish, Chinese and Japanese. A short stop in Hveragerdi town. A visit to Ljosafossvirkjun Power Station, a hydroelectric power station located by Ulfljotsvatn Lake, by Ljosifoss waterfall, around 35 km north of Selfoss town in South Iceland. Ljósafossvirkjun Power Station is the oldest power station in Sogið River (Sogid), the longest spring-fed river in Iceland. When operations were started in 1937, the supply of electricity for the Reykjavík area was quadrupled, allowing the people living there to have the luxury of using electric stoves instead of coal stoves. Each home could use an electric stove in order to maximise the use of the “new” power from the Ljósafossvirkjun Power Station. Up until, then most of the electricity available had been used for lighting. A visit to Gullfoss waterfall, one of the most popular waterfalls of Iceland. Lunch at Gullfosskaffi. Traditional Icelandic meat soup with bread and butter, coffee/tee and chocolate. www.gullfoss.is/cafe/ A visit to Geysir geothermal area where guests can see bubbling hot springs and the geyser Strokkur erupting about every 10 minutes to a 15-20 meter height. A visit to Thingvellir National Park, which is regarded as almost a holy place by many Icelanders, and is the site of the world‘s oldest parliament where guests can see the rift valley between the tectonic plate boundaries of the Mid- Atlantic Ridge. Thingvellir is a site of historical, cultural and geological importance and is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Iceland. It is also home to Thingvallavatn Lake, the largest natural lake in Iceland. The Parliament, or Althing, was established at Thingvellir in 930 and remained there until 1798. Thingvellir National Park was founded in 1930 to protect the remains of the parliament site and was later expanded to protect natural to where we are today? How can anyone make their first steps to more phenomena in the surrounding area. sustainable way of travelling? Dinner. Geothermal swimming pool and relaxation in the evening. Lunch. Visit to The Technical College Reykjavik ( http://en.tskoli.is/), where students will get a presentation on a new study course on renewable energy, Day 3 followed by an introduction on the school and facilities, inside and outside. Dinner. Geothermal swimming pool. Breakfast at Reykjavik City Hostel. The Green Agenda at Reykjavik City Hostel presents a presentation and workshop for students to acquire new knowledge Day 4 on sustainability, followed by a tour around the hostel + discussion.
Recommended publications
  • And Geothermal Power in Iceland a Study Trip
    2007:10 TECHNICAL REPORT Hydro- and geothermal power in Iceland A study trip Ltu and Vattenfall visit Landsvirkjun May 1-5, 2007 Isabel Jantzer Luleå University of Technology Department of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering Division of Mining and Geotechnical Engineering 2007:10|: 102-1536|: - -- 07⁄10 -- Hydro- and geothermal power in Iceland A study trip Ltu and Vattenfall visit Landsvirkjun May 1 – 5, 2007 Iceland is currently constructing the largest hydropower dam in Europe, Kárahnjúkar. There are not many possibilities to visit such construction sites, as the opportunity to expand hydropower is often restricted because of environmental or regional regulations limitations. However, the study trip, which was primarily designed for the visitors from Vattenfall, gave a broad insight in the countries geology, energy resources and production, as well as industrial development in general. This report gives an overview of the trip, summarizes information and presents pictures and images. I want to thank Vattenfall as organization, as well as a large number of individuals at Vattenfall, for giving me the opportunity for participation. Further, I want to express my sincere gratitude to the Swedish Hydropower Center, i.e. Svensk Vattenkraft Centrum SVC, Luleå University of Technology, and individuals at Elforsk for providing me the possibility to take part in this excursion. It has been of great value for me as a young person with deep interest in dam design and construction and provided me with invaluable insights. Luleå, May 2007 Isabel Jantzer Agenda During three days we had the possibility to travel over the country: After the first day in Reykjavik, we flew to Egilstadir in the north eastern part of the country, from where we drove to the Kárahnjúkar dam site and visited the Alcoa aluminium smelter at Reydarfjördur Fjardaál afterwards.
    [Show full text]
  • Autumn 1997 of Proportional Representation for a Term of Four Years
    The Economy of Iceland CENTRAL BANK OF ICELAND The Economy of Iceland October 1997 Published semi-annually by the International Department of the Central Bank of Iceland, 150 Reykjavík, Iceland ISSN 1024 - 0039 REPUBLIC OF ICELAND People Population.......................................269,735 (December 1, 1996) Capital.............................................Reykjavík, 105,487 (December 1, 1996) Language........................................Icelandic; belongs to the Nordic group of Germanic languages Religion...........................................Evangelical Lutheran (95%) Life expectancy...............................Females: 81 years , Males: 75 years Governmental System Government ....................................Constitutional republic Suffrage ..........................................Universal, over 18 years of age Legislature ......................................Alþingi (Althing); 63 members Election term...................................Four years Economy Monetary unit ..................................Króna (plural: krónur); currency code: ISK Gross domestic product..................487 billion krónur (US$ 7.3 billion) in 1996 International trade...........................Exports 36% and imports 36% of GDP in 1996 Per capita GDP...............................1,760 thousand krónur (US$ 26.900) in 1996 Land Geographic size..............................103,000 km2 (39,768 mi2) Highest point...................................2,119 m (6,952 ft) Exclusive economic zone ...............200 nautical miles (758,000 km2
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Framework and National Policy for Geothermal Development in Iceland
    Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015 Melbourne, Australia, 19-25 April 2015 Legal Framework and National Policy for Geothermal Development in Iceland Jonas Ketilsson, Harpa Th. Petursdottir, Skuli Thoroddsen, Anna L. Oddsdottir, Erna R. Bragadottir, Maria Gudmundsdottir, Gudni A. Johannesson Orkustofnun, Grensasvegi 9, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland Corresponding author: [email protected] Keywords: Legal, law, energy, regulatory, official, monitoring, geothermal, statistics, policy, Master Plan, Iceland, Europe. ABSTRACT In this paper, a description is given of the national policy, legal framework, official monitoring and accumulation of geothermal energy statistics in Iceland in a global context. The legal framework and amendments to the energy legal framework since 2010 will be reviewed. In particular the effect of Act for the Master Plan for the Utilization and Protection of Energy Resources no. 48/2011 which sets up the legal framework for the Master Plan which has been in preparation since 1999, where geothermal and hydro resources are categorized to be exploited, protected or further researched. It is the policy of the Government of Iceland to increase the utilization of energy resources and hence governmental support was increased for new geothermal based heat utilities by 50% even though 9 out of 10 households are heated with geothermal energy. The Icelandic National Renewable Energy Action Plan was published in year 2012 in accordance with Directive 2009/28/EC which outlines the strategy for 2020 and goals of geothermal utilization. In accordance with the plan, electricity generation from geothermal sources is estimated to increase by 12% from 5.2 TWh in year 2014 to 5.8 TWh in year 2020 and geothermal heat use from 28.1 PJ in year 2014 to 34 PJ in year 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Security and Identity: Iceland
    FOOD SECURITY AND IDENTITY: ICELAND A thesis submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Gina Marie Butrico August, 2013 Thesis written by Gina Butrico A.A.S., Middlesex County College, 2009 B.A., Kent State University, 2011 M.A., Kent State University, 2013 Approved by ___________________________________, Advisor Dr. David H. Kaplan, Ph.D. ___________________________________, Chair, Department of Geography Dr. Mandy Munro-Stasiuk, Ph.D. ___________________________________, Associate Dean for Graduate Affairs, Raymond A. Craig, Ph.D. College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ..........................................................................................................v List of Tables ....................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ ix Chapter I. Introduction .................................................................................................1 Food Security in Iceland ..............................................................................3 Food Identity in Iceland ...............................................................................5 Site Selection ...............................................................................................6 Food Geography...........................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Iceland As a Case Study
    Sustainable Energy Development: Iceland as a Case Study Brynhildur Davidsdottir, Environment and Natural Resources, University of Iceland ABSTRACT Increasing energy prices, political unrest in the Middle East and climate change are only a few issues that have pushed planning for Sustainable energy development (SED) onto the political horizon. SED is broadly defined as ‘the provision of adequate energy services at affordable cost in a secure and environmentally benign manner, in conformity with social and economic development needs’. Planning for SED implies that we need to consider the three dimensions of sustainable development, where such movement should not have negative consequences for the economy, the public (social dimension), nor the environment. This paper presents the development of the Icelandic Energy System since the year 1900 in this context. Iceland has in the last 40 years gone from being mostly reliant on coal and oil, towards extracting 73% of its primary energy needs from renewable energy, and at the same time achieved impressive economic success. Only the transportation sector relies on fossil fuels, and various experiments are being conducted to significantly reduce the reliance on imported fossil fuels. Some of those experiments include planning for a hydrogen economy by 2050. A central question that is asked in this presentation is if Iceland’s path is indeed sustainable, if it is unique and if other countries possibly can do the same. Sustainable Development Introduction Since the publication of the Brundtland Report (WCED 1987), sustainable development (SD) has evolved from a vague concept into a somewhat coherent development framework. In the Brundland report sustainable development was defined as: “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.
    [Show full text]
  • Specialists in STEM Student Travel
    Tour: Iceland in brief: A Force of Nature Specialisation: Geothermal energy. Geology and Geography Itinerary: 4-days / 3-nights Location: Iceland Iceland in Brief: A Force of Nature DayMorning Afternoon Evening 1 Fly to Iceland, transfer to Hotel via Blue Lagoon Welcome & Safety Meeting Dinner at Hotel Iceland's Golden Circle Tour - Gullfoss, Geysir, Strokkur, Þingvellir National Park, Almannagja Fault & Alpingi Parliament - plus a visit to the Friðheimar Greenhouse, Hellisheiði Geothermal Power Plant, Hveragerði Geothermal Park, Raufarhólshellir 2 lava tube Dinner at Hotel Waterfalls & Volcanoes Tour - Vík í Mýrdal, Seljalandsfoss Waterfall, Þorvaldseyri Farm Volcano Visitor Center, Skógafoss Waterfall, Skógar Folk Museum, Cliffs of 3 Dyrhólaey, Reynisdrangar Rocks, Mýrdalsjökull Glacier Dinner at Hotel 4 Depart Iceland for Home Specialists in STEM Student Travel As with all sample itineraries, please be advised that this is an ‘example’ of a schedule and that the activities and hotels shown may be variable dependent upon dates, weather, special requests and other factors. Itineraries will be confirmed prior to travel. Iceland…. Few visitors can travel around Iceland without being deeply touched by its sheer beauty, and few can leave the country without a strong vow to return. It’s just that sort of place. Perched on the edge of the Arctic, this wonderful little island contains some of the most impressive natural wonders in Europe. The continent’s biggest waterfalls thunder down with such force that the ground trembles under your feet; the barren highlands form Europe’s largest, loneliest desert; and the awesome ice cap Vatnajökull is the biggest outside the poles. Other spectacular phenomena include smoldering volcanoes, slow-flowing glaciers, extruding lava, gushing geysers, bubbling mud pots, soothing thermal pools and, in the darkness of winter, the magical northern lights.
    [Show full text]
  • Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy 2020 Worldwide Review
    Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2020 Reykjavik, Iceland, April 26 – May 2, 2020 Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy 2020 Worldwide Review John W. Lund1 and Aniko N. Toth2 1Geo-Heat Center, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls Oregon, USA 2Ana-Geo Ltd., Miskolc, Hungary [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Geothermal, direct-use, spas, balneology, space heating, district heating, aquaculture, greenhouses, ground-source heat pumps, industrial application, snow melting, energy savings, wells, drilled, manpower, investment ABSTRACT This paper presents a review of the worldwide applications of geothermal energy for direct utilization and updates the previous survey carried out in 2015. We also compare data from WGC1995, WGC2000, WGC2005, WGC2010, and WGC2015 presented at World Geothermal Congresses in Italy, Japan, Turkey, Indonesia and Australia. As in previous reports, an effort is made to quantify geothermal (ground-source) heat pump data. The present report is based on country update papers received from 62 countries and regions reporting on their direct utilization of geothermal energy. Twenty-six additional countries were added to the list based on other sources of information. Thus, direct utilization of geothermal energy in a total of 88 countries is an increase from 82 in 2015, 78 reported in 2010, 72 reported in 2005, 58 reported in 2000, and 28 reported in 1995. An estimation of the installed thermal power for direct utilization at the end of 2019 is used in this paper and equals 107,727 MWt, a 52.0% increase over the 2015 data, growing at a compound rate of 8.73% annually. The thermal energy used is 1,020,887 TJ/yr (283,580 GWh/yr.), a 72.3% increase over 2015, growing at a compound rate of 11.5% annually.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Power; Hydro and Geothermal
    Renewable Power; Hydro and Geothermal Renewables and Islands Global Summit Malta Kristján B. Ólafsson Benedikt Höskuldsson, Head of Energy Affairs Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Iceland ICELAND Size: 104.000 km2 Population: 317.630 Average Jan. temp: -0.4°C Mean annual temp: 5°C Average July temp.: 11.2° The Icelandic highlands are the last great expanse of true wilderness left in Western Europe 1930 Distribution of hot water • From Laugarveitan an extensive distribution system of hot water was installed. Transporting the hot water to the town through a 3 km long pipeline. • Two primary schools (Austurbæjarskóli shown above), a swimming hall, the main hospital and 60 family homes in the capital area Space heating 100% 1% Oil Electricity 90% 9 % 80% 70% 60% 90 % 50% Geothermal 40% 30% The primary direct use of geothermal 20% energy in Iceland is for space heating 10% 0% 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Oil Crisis Changes National Policy • When the oil crisis struck in the early 1970s, the world market price for crude oil rose by 70%. • Heat from oil served over 50% of the population. • In order to reduce the effect of rising oil prices, Iceland began subsidizing those who used oil for space heating. • The oil crises in caused Iceland to change its policy, deemphasizing oil, turning to domestic energy resources, hydropower and geothermal heat. Space Heating in Iceland from 1970-2008. Modern Industrial Society Energy Museum Far reaching benefits Avoided cost by harnessing a domestic source of energy Savings in 2008 equivalent to 91% of the total imports of refined oil products.
    [Show full text]
  • ISLANDIA Índice General
    ISLANDIA Índice general 1 Islandia 1 1.1 Etimología .............................................. 1 1.2 Historia ................................................ 2 1.2.1 Establecimiento y Mancomunidad Islandesa (874–1262) .................. 2 1.2.2 Colonización escandinava (1262-1814) ........................... 2 1.2.3 Movimiento de independencia (1814-1918) ......................... 3 1.2.4 Reino de Islandia (1918-1944) ................................ 3 1.2.5 República de Islandia (1944-presente) ............................ 4 1.3 Gobierno y política .......................................... 4 1.3.1 Relaciones exteriores y fuerzas armadas ........................... 5 1.3.2 Derechos humanos ...................................... 6 1.4 Organización territorial ........................................ 6 1.5 Geografía ............................................... 7 1.5.1 Clima ............................................. 8 1.5.2 Flora y fauna ......................................... 9 1.5.3 Animales ........................................... 9 1.6 Economía ............................................... 9 1.7 Infraestructura ............................................ 11 1.7.1 Transporte .......................................... 11 1.7.2 Energía ............................................ 12 1.7.3 Medios de comunicación ................................... 12 1.8 Demografía .............................................. 13 1.8.1 Idioma ............................................ 14 1.8.2 Religión ..........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Geothermal Developm in Ieland
    Geothermal Policy Options and Instruments for the Andean Region Based on Icelandic and International Geothermal Experience July 2015 Geothermal Policy Options and Instruments for the Andean Region Based on Icelandic and International Geothermal Experience Orkustofnun, National Energy Authority Iceland July 2015 1 Publisher: Orkustofnun, Grensásvegi 9, 108 Reykjavík Tel: 569 6000, Fax, 568 8896 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.nea.is/ Editors: Baldur Pétursson and Jónas Ketilsson. Cooperation Team: Guðni A. Jóhannesson, Sveinbjörn Björnsson, María Guðmundsdóttir, Tryggvi Sigurðsson, Harpa Þórunn Pétursdóttir, Skúli Thoroddsen, Kristján B. Ólafsson, Ingimar G. Haraldsson, Lúðvík S. Georgsson, Þorvaldur Bragason, Erna R. Bragadóttir and Petra S. Sveinsdóttir. Geothermal Policy Options and Instruments for the Andean Region, is published on the Orkustofnun website. OS-2015-06 ISBN 978-9979-68-503-6 Material may be reproduced, but an acknowledgement of source is kindly requested. July 2015 2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 6 I GLOBAL GEOTHERMAL EXPERIENCE ................................................................................................. 8 1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE GEOTHERMAL SECTOR WORLDWIDE............................................... 8 1.1 OVERVIEW AND CHALLENGES OF THE GEOTHERMAL SECTOR ................................................................... 8 1.2 RENEWABLE / GEOTHERMAL POLICY – OPTIONS
    [Show full text]
  • ENERGY in ICELAND Historical Perspective, Present Status, Future Outlook Second Edition
    ENERGY IN ICELAND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, PRESENT STATUS, FUTURE OUTLOOK Second edition Orkugardur, Grensasvegur 9 Arnarhvall 108 Reykjavik 150 Reykjavik Iceland Iceland Tel: +354 569 6000 Tel: +354 545 8500 www.os.is www.ivr.is Text: Agusta S. Loftsdottir and Ragnheidur I. Thorarinsdottir Editors: Helga Bardadottir and Lara K. Sturludottir Design and layout: Vilborg Anna Bjornsdottir Cover photo: Oddur Sigurdsson, Snowdrifts in the outwash plain at the Kverkjokull outlet glacier. Back page photo: Oddur Sigurdsson, Iron oxide precipitate from a mineral spring in the Canyon of Markarfljot. Printing: Gudjon O Second edition, September 2006 First published in February 2004 ISBN: 9979-68-198-5 ENERGY IN ICELAND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, PRESENT STATUS, FUTURE OUTLOOK Second edition National Energy Authority and Ministries of Industry and Commerce September 2006 FOREWORD BY THE MINISTER OF INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE During the last century, Iceland proceeded from being one of the poorest nations in the western world to enjoying one of the highest living standards in the world. There are of course, many reasons for this development, but our renewable energy resourc- es – used in a sustainable manner – have played an important role. As a result electricity generation in Iceland is entirely from domestic energy resources, and nearly all buildings are heated with domestic energy, mainly geothermal heat. Today, approximately 71% of the country’s total primary energy is renewable energy, which is unique in the world. Nevertheless, the aim is to improve on this figure with the long-term goal of Iceland becoming self-sufficient for all its energy needs, using its own renewable resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Geothermal Development in Iceland 1995-1999
    GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT IN ICELAND 1995-1999 Arni Ragnarsson Orkustofnun, Grensasvegur 9, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland Key Words: Iceland, geothermal energy, district heating, come from indigenous renewable energy sources. It is direct use, power generation estimated that the total direct heat uses of geothermal energy in Iceland in 1999 was 20,170 TJ and the corresponding installed ABSTRACT capacity 1,469 MWt. Geothermal energy plays an important role in the energy The availability of geothermal energy has influenced strongly supply of Iceland. It provides about 50% of the total primary the standard of living in Iceland. The economic benefits of energy supply while the share of hydropower is 18%, oil 30% using geothermal energy for space heating instead of fossil and coal 2%. The principle use of geothermal energy in Iceland fuels are significant, as it saves annually about 100 million is for space heating; about 86% of all energy used for house US$ in imported oil. Besides financial savings the heating comes from geothermal resources. The share of environmental benefits are of great importance. It has been geothermal heating is still slowly growing. A recent estimated that house heating by fossil fuels would cause development is a 7 MWt district heating scheme for the village release of CO2 to the atmosphere of the same order of Stykkisholmur which started operation in 1999. magnitude as the total release of CO2 by human activity in Iceland today (Palmason, 1997). An expansion in the energy intensive industry in Iceland the last years has increased the electricity demand considerably. 2. SPACE HEATING This has been met partly by increased geothermally produced electricity.
    [Show full text]