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1 CULTURAL HEARTLAND REGION • the Cultural

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1 CULTURAL HEARTLAND REGION • the Cultural 1 CULTURAL HEARTLAND REGION • The Cultural Heartland is often referred to as “Lanatus” country because the Encephalartos lanatus, a species of cycads (some are more than 4 000 years old), is endemic to the catchments area of the Olifants River, where it grows wild. • More than half of South Africa’s coal supply is mined in this region and the area is the major power generating centre for almost all South Africa’s needs. o The coal-burning power stations are reputedly the largest of their kind in the world. o Recently, wet coal due to excessive raining, has caused a shortage of fuel at Eskom’s power stations and consequently, reduced electricity generation. Furthermore, an Eskom spokesperson, Andrew Etzinger, said that due to the amount of coal being consumed to run the stations at full capacity for the current high energy demand, the coal reserves will be depleted much sooner than anticipated. • Sekhukhune, the cross-border municipality between Limpopo and Mpumalanga, was incorporated into the Limpopo Province in 2005. Thus, towns that have previously been included in the Cultural Heartland, such as Groblersdal, Marble Hall, Ohrigstad and Roossenekal, now falls within Limpopo. • The Boer War also left its mark on this region. The main route through this region is the N4. The N17 meets the N4 at Witbank. Mpumalanga Province v7.12 ©Makiti Guides & Tours (Pty) Ltd 2 LOOPSPRUIT Population: Altitude: 1 140m/3 740ft Cultural Heartland Rainfall: Region On route R568 approximately 32 km north of Bronkhorstspruit towards Ekandustria/KwaMhlanga. Origin • The Loopspruit vineyard and cellars: o Is the most eastern wine estate in South Africa, located on the banks of the Loopspruit River o It produces wines as well as the potent, but traditionally South African “witblits” (raw spirit/moonshine) and “mampoer” (home-made brandy). Attractions and activities • Kgodwana (Loopspruit) Traditional Village: o An Ndebele Traditional Village and Museum. o The decorative house murals, beadwork and woodcarvings of the Ndebele people, all have a different story to tell. o The patterns and colours of the houses also have different significances. o The museum has a small, but significant collection of Ndebele beadwork and artifacts. KWAMHLANGA Population: Altitude: 1 357m/4 452ft Cultural Heartland Rainfall: Region On route R568, approximately 60km north of Bronkhorstspruit. On route R573, approximately 50 km north east of Tshwane/Pretoria. Origin • Originally built as the administrative centre for the Ndebele local government, • Referred as the spiritual centre of the Ndebele tribe who settled here during the early 1700s. • The traditional Ndebele houses in the village, are painted in bright colours and decorated with geometrical designs and patterns. • The patterns and colours all have symbolic meanings and are also reflected in the tradional clothing.. • Ndebele’s artwork has gained international recognition and various traditional villages all over the province allow visitors a glimpse into their lives. Attractions and Activities • Ndzundza Mabhoko Royal Kraal - The leader of the Ndebele tribe is a descendant of the famous nineteenth-century Chief Mapoch (Mabhogo). - The royal kraal may be visited by appointment only and visitors are requested to observe certain cultural procedures. Mpumalanga Province v7.12 ©Makiti Guides & Tours (Pty) Ltd 3 WITBANK Population: Altitude: 1 616m/5302ft Cultural Heartland Rainfall: Region On route N4 approximately 100km east of Pretoria and 108km west of Nelspruit. On route N12 approximately 120km east of Johannesburg to Nelspruit. Origin • The village was established in 1903, on the farm Swartbos. • Coal mining history - The presence of the large deposits of coal was suspected as early as the 1880s, when travelers and transport riders used to pick up coal on the ground or streams. - Later, farmers from the district came with their wagons and collected coal, free of charge. - The first attempts to mine this wealth of coal failed due to inadequate transport facilities. - After the completion of the railway from Pretoria to Lourenco Marques, things began to change. - In 1896, the first shaft was sunk by Samuel Stanfield, who had bought the farm Swartbos (“black bush”) for that purpose. - The town’s motto explain the growth and prosperity of the city quite well: “Through coal and industry we flourish” Name • “Witbank”/“white ridge” is derived from an outcrop of light sandstone near the railway station where transport riders used to camp in the old days. • Today, it is known as eMalahleni. Claims to fame • The “coal capital” of Africa • Winston Churchill Agriculture • Mixed farming: cattle, dairy, sheep, maize, potatoes and sweet potatoes. Mining and industries - There are 22 Colliers in an area of 50km by 40km. Coal - Accounts for about half of South Africa’s total coal production. mining - The coal occurs in seams of 3m to 6m, no more than 300m below the surface and is therefore easily mined by mechanical means. - Iron ore, Chromium, Manganese, Mica, and Cobalt. Fire-clay, including Other high-grade kaolin, used for production of a wide range of products, such as minerals refractory bricks and crockery. Mpumalanga Province v7.12 ©Makiti Guides & Tours (Pty) Ltd 4 WITBANK Cultural Heartland continue… Region Various - Most important is the Highveld Steel and Vanadium Corporation to the Coal west of the town. Related - Steel is produced by a specially developed electric smelting process of Industries which vanadium slag is a by-product. Historical Sites and monuments Anglo - Located at Balmoral, next to the N4 from Pretoria, about 25 km west of Boer Witbank. War Graveyard - Original - Located in the CBD of Witbank. Tin - Recently restored and houses an Attorney’s office, Funeral undertakers and Houses others. Historical - Built with sandstone. Dutch - The original steel frame ceilings and stained glass windows are still intact. Reformed - A national monument. Church Clewer - Located to the west of the CBD area. old - It was operated by the Nederlandsche Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg Station Maatschappij (NZASM). - On 12 December, Winston Churchill escaped from the Staats Model School. - He hid in a coal train that was on its way to Lourenzo Marques (Maputo) in Mozambique. - There was a price of £27 on his head and the Boers were looking everywhere for him. - The following evening, the train stopped at the Clewer siding, near Witbank. Winston - In his desperate search for food, he knocked on a door. Churchill’s - Fortunately, it was the house of John Howard, an Englishman and escape manager of the Transvaal and Delagoa Bay Colliery. - After a good meal, he was hidden in the underground stables of the mine and later behind some packing cases in the office. - After six days, he got on a railway truck that was loaded with wool and on its way to Lourenzo Marques. - The train finally reached its destination on 21 December. - The British consul in Lourenco Marques initially doubted Churchill's identity, but eventually, after two days, a cable reached Howard at Witbank which read: “Goods arrived safely”. Mpumalanga Province v7.12 ©Makiti Guides & Tours (Pty) Ltd 5 WITBANK Attractions and activities Cultural Heartland continue… Region Attractions and activities Sampioen- - An extraordinary “mushroom” rock formation. Rots - Located at Bakoondkrans just north of Witbank. (“Mushroom Rock” Eskom - Located about 20 km from Witbank. Cultural - Provides several supervisory courses and cross-cultural education. Village - Traditional huts representing the different cultures of South Africa have and been erected on the site and are also used as accommodation facilities. Learning Centre - Located in the CBD area. Witbank - It has become the main art and culture centre of the region. Civic - It is a modern, fully-equipped theatre which seats 502 people. Theatre - Hosts regular shows representative of all the disciplines of the performing arts. - Located on the Olifants River east of town. o Doringpoort (“thorny defile”) / new Doringpoort Two o Witbank Dam and Pleasure Resort is one of the largest municipal Dams dams in South Africa. • Offers self service chalets camping, swimming pool, fishing, picnicking and boating facilities. Witbank - Offers monthly steam train rides on a private line as a pleasant alternative Steam to exploring the region. Railway Apple - An annual event, when athletes compete with the Apple Steam Train Locomotive, between Witbank and Middelburg. Marathon Mpumalanga Province v7.12 ©Makiti Guides & Tours (Pty) Ltd 6 OGIES Population: Altitude: 1 603m/5 259ft Cultural Heartland Rainfall: Region On route N12, approximately 30km south from Witbank and also accessible from routes R545 /R555. Origin • Developed around the railway station which forms the rail link between Springs and Witbank. • Established in 1928 on the farm “Ogiesfontein” (Fountain with many eyes) • Currently serves as a local trading centre for the Coal Mine and Power Station employees. Name • Named after the fountain on the farm. Mining and industries • Ogies coal mine • Ogies Power Station Mpumalanga Province v7.12 ©Makiti Guides & Tours (Pty) Ltd 7 MIDDELBURG Population: Altitude: 1 481m/4 859ft Cultural Heartland Rainfall: Region On route N4 approximately 22km east from Witbank and 87km west from Machadodorp and on route N11 on the banks of the Little Olifants (“little elephant”). Origin • The site chosen for the establishment of a town, was on the farms Klipfontein (“rocky spring”) and Keerom (“about-turn”). • The area was part of the territory of the short-lived republic of Lydenburg during 1859, which broke away from the Transvaal in 1856, and rejoined in 1860. • Soon the local community did not like the site of the new village. • In 1864, Reverend Frans Lion Cachet, who also contributed to the founding of Amersfoort near Volksrust, moved the site to the adjoining farm, Sterkfontein ('strong spring'). • In 1866, a town was eventually laid out and was called Nazareth. • Following the fall of Pretoria in June 1900, Nazareth (Middelburg) served for a short while as the seat of the fugitive Transvaal government during the Anglo-Boer War.
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