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Index Page numbers in italics refer to Figures. Page numbers in bold refer to Tables. accessory minerals see U-series dating 210Pb deficits 199–201 Achada das Furnas 86, 86, 87, 87, 99, 100 210Pb excesses 201 Adamello batholith (Italy) 162 SO2 flux 201–202 see also Western Adamello Tonalite summary 203–204 Adams, Mount (Cascades, USA) 57, 78, 147 andesitic melts, production of 4–5 A´ gua de Pau volcano 87, 99 antecrysts 90, 161 Aleutians defined 148 U-series ages 147, 164 40Ar/39Ar dating Alid (Eritrea) 147, 163, 164 Tatun Volcanic Group 176 alkali basalt, Sa˜o Miguel 91 Uturuncu lavas allanite dating 142, 143, 161, 164–165 methods 61–62, 63 Altiplano-Puna Magma Body (APMB) 1, 2, 58, 59, 80 results 67–68, 69 Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex (APVC) 59 results discussed 78–79 amphiboles Arenal volcano 147, 199 as hydrous minerals 106 assimilation, crustal 215 rim composition 121 Atacama ignimbrite 162 andalusite 43 Aucanquilcha volcano 75–76, 78 Andean Arc 59 autocrysts 161 andesites defined 148 Tatun Volcanic Group Azores archipelago 85–86 geochemistry 177 Sa˜o Miguel basalt fluid inclusion study map 176 methods 90 mineralogy 177–178, 178 results sampling 176, 177 fluid inclusion description 92–96 U-Th-Ra ages geochemistry 91–92 methods of analysis 178–180 sample texture and mineralogy 88, 89,90–91 results 181, 182 results discussed results discussed 182–186 magma ponding 98–99 Tavurvur volcano 17, 18, 19 re-equilibration 96–97 2006 eruption study tectonics or underplating 99–101 methods of analysis 19, 21, 23 geological setting 86–87 results 20, 21, 22,23 map 86 melt inclusions 24–26 seismic records 87 major elements 26–27 volatiles 27–28 backscattered electron (BSE) images, Tavurvur 2006 mineral compositions and textures 23–24 eruption 19, 20, 21, 32, 33 results discussed Baker, Mount (USA) 57, 78 fractional crystallization 27–31 basalt implications for unrest 34–36 mixing and mingling 17–18, 31 mafic-silicic interactions 31–34 Sa˜o Miguel fluid inclusion study 86 pressure-temperature estimates 28 methods 90 eruption history 19 results map 18 fluid inclusion description 92–96 andesitic arc eruptions geochemistry 91–92 Colima, Volca´nde sample texture and mineralogy 88, 89,90–91 eruptive activity (1818–1913) 193 results discussed eruptive activity (1961–2010) 193 magma ponding 98–99 eruptive activity (1998–2010) 190, 191, 192, 192 re-equilibration 96–97 magma geochemistry 192–193 tectonics or underplating 99–101 magma petrology 193 batch of magma, defined 42 Pb–Ra disequilibrium study 193–194 Belfond Tuff (Lesser Antilles) 165 methods 194 Biot number 11, 208, 210, 212, 213, results 194, 195 213, 214, 215 results discussed 194, 196 biotite conduit dynamics 202–203 Fish Canyon Tuff experimental petrology 117, fractionation 196–199 118, 121 magma petrology 203 Uturuncu volcano, 40Ar/39Ar age 67–68 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3706869/backmatter.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 218 INDEX Bishop Tuff (USA) 2, 150 eruptive activity (1961–2010) 193 U-series age 145, 150–152 eruptive activity (1998–2010) 190, 191, 192, 192 Bolivia magma geochemistry 192–193 Altiplano-Puna Magma Body (APMB) 1, 2, 58, 59, 80 magma petrology 193 Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex (APVC) 59 Pb–Ra disequilibrium study 193–194 Uturuncu volcano 57–58 methods 194 digital elevation model 60 results 194, 195 erupted volume estimate 65–67 results discussed 194, 196 geochronology study conduit dynamics 202–203 methods 61–62, 63–64 fractionation 196–199 results magma petrology 203 dating eruptions 67–71, 68, 69 210Pb deficits 199–201 geochemistry and petrology 71–73, 72, 73 210Pb excesses 201 mineral composition 73–74 SO2 flux 201–202 results discussed summary 203–204 eruptive flux 78–79 composition gap 5, 6 magma processes 74–78 conduction, role of 11 summary 79–80 Biot number 208 geological setting 59–60 contact aureole, use in magmatic system study 41 map 58 Western Adamello Tonalite 42–43, 42 Bowen, Norman Levi 1, 2 methods of analysis 43 buoyancy of magma 76, 79 fieldwork 43 neutral 85 phase petrology 43–45 XRF 43 d14C dating 165, 176 results caldera system, unrest 17 thermal model 45–49 Campi Flegrei (Phlegraean Fields, Italy) 17, 132, 137, 147 XRF 52 Cape Ann Granite 107, 108 results discussed 49–51, 53–54 Carnegie Institution, Washington 1 convection, role of 11 Cascades volcanoes 141, 146, 147 Bio number 208 Ceboruco-San Pedro 57 magma interaction 134–136 Central Plateau Member Rhyolites 158–159 convective overturn 76 Central Volcanic Zone (Andes) 59 cooling, melt composition and 2, 3 Cerro Gala´n (Argentina) 162 Coso volcanic field (California), U-series ages Cerro Uturuncu see Uturuncu volcano 146, 161 Changbaishan volcano (China) 161 Cotopaxi (Ecuador), U-series ages 147, 161–162 Chebyshev collocation method 21, 211 Crater Lake lavas 161, 163, 164 Cising, Mount 176, 176, 177 crust-magma interaction 207 effusive eruption lavas crystallization of magma 1 sample mineralogy 177, 178 stages of 165–166 U-Th-Ra ages cumulates, and 210Pb deficits 198 methods of analysis 178–180 results 181, 182 dacites results discussed 182–186 Fish Canyon Tuff 107 clinopyroxene experimental petrology Fish Canyon Tuff experimental petrology 117, 118 methods 109–110 Sa˜o Miguel basalts 90, 91, 92,96–97 results 110–111, 112–114, 115, 116, 117, Tavurvur 2006 eruption 20, 21, 23–24, 25, 26, 28, 31 118, 119 clinopyroxenite, Sa˜o Miguel 91 results discussed 119–128 CO2 in magma U-series age 145, 162 Sa˜o Miguel basalt fluid inclusion study 86 mixing and mingling 17–18, 31 methods 90 Uturuncu volcano 57–58 results digital elevation model 60 fluid inclusion description 92–96 erupted volume estimate 65–67 geochemistry 91–92 geochronology study sample texture and mineralogy 88, 89,90–91 methods 61–62, 63–64 results discussed results magma ponding 98–99 dating eruptions 67–71, 68, 69 re-equilibration 96–97 geochemistry and petrology 71–73, 72, 73 tectonics or underplating 99–101 mineral composition 73–74 Tavurvur 2006 eruption 28 results discussed Uturuncu 79 eruptive flux 78–79 Colima, Volca´nde magma processes 74–78 eruptive activity (1818–1913) 193 summary 79–80 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3706869/backmatter.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 INDEX 219 geological setting 59–60 fumaroles, chemistry 175, 190 map 58 Furnas volcano 87 decompression and ascent 3 deformation in ground, role in volcanic unrest 17 gabbro, Sa˜o Miguel 91 degassing gas bubbles, impact of 11 role in Pb–Ra disequilibria 11, 189, 190 gas release 189 conduit dynamics 202–203 geochemistry magma petrology 203 Fish Canyon Tuff experimental petrology 111, 210Pb deficits 199–200 112–114, 115, 117, 118–121, 120 role of water 106 Sa˜o Miguel basalts 91–92 Tavurvur 2006 eruption 36 Tatun Volcanic Group 177, 177 Delauney triangulation 65, 65 Uturuncu lavas 59, 71–73, 72, 73 density of magma 11 zircon trace elements155, 156, 159, 162 role of density contrasts 134 geochronology see 40Ar/39Ar dating; K-Ar dating; differentiation of magma 1, 76 U-series dating digital elevation models 60, 65, 86 geometry of magma chambers, role of 134, 135 dykes, role of 11, 85, 138 Geophysical Laboratory, Washington 1 geothermal gradient 175 Earthquake Flat eruptions (New Zealand) 165 Germany, Laacher See volcano 147, 160 effusive eruptions 190, 192 Givens, Mount 78 El Hoyazo (Spain) 208, 209 glaciation, effect on magmatic systems 57 see Neogene Volcanic Province (Spain) xenolith study Glass Mountain rhyolite 150, 151 Elba pluton 162 glass (residual) enthalpy, role of Fish Canyon Tuff experimental petrology 118–119, Fish Canyon Tuff experimental petrology 122, 119, 120, 121 124–125 Tavurvur 2006 eruption 26–28 see also heat granitic magma Erebus (Antarctica), U-series ages 147, 166 melting behaviour 107, 108 eruption triggers 134 role of water 106 Eritrea, Alid 147, 163 Grashof number 210 eutectic crystallization 2, 8, 8 ground deformation, role in volcanic unrest 17 exsolution of volatiles 3, 11, 189 Hawaii, U-series ages 147, 164 Fish Canyon Tuff (FCT) 107 3He/4He isotope ratios 164, 165, 175 experimental petrology heat (enthalpy) of system 9 methods 109–110 heat loss, impact of 2 results 110–111, 112–114, 115, 116, heat transfer, for wall rock 210 117, 118, 119 Hf isotope ratio 159, 162 results discussed 119–128 Hood, Mount (Cascades, USA) 147 U-series age 145, 162 hornfels, Adamello contact aureole 43 fissure eruptions 85, 86, 87 host rock see xenolith study fluid dynamics Hualalai (Hawaii) 164 shallow magma chamber modelling Huangzuei, Mount 176, 176, 177 methods 132–134 effusive eruption lavas results 134–136 sample mineralogy 177, 178 results discussed 136–138 U-Th-Ra ages fluid-inclusion microthermometry 85–86 methods of analysis 178–180 methods 90 results 181, 182 results results discussed 182–186 descriptions 92–96 Huckleberry Ridge Tuff 158 geochemistry 91–92 hydrous minerals, role of 106 sample texture and mineralogy 88, 89, 90–91 ignimbrite 105 results discussed Uturuncu 59, 60 magma ponding 98–99 illite crystallinity 43 re-equilibration 96–97 intrusion, thermal evolution of 207 tectonics or underplating 99–101 ion microprobe analysis 142–143, 143 flux Italy see Adamello batholith; Campi Flegrei; magma see magma supply rate Western Adamello Tonalite SO2 see SO2 flux fractional crystallization 2, 85 K-Ar dating 176 impact on Pb–Ra disequilibrium 196 Katmai 57, 147 Tavurvur 2006 eruption 28–31, Kilgore Tuff, U-series age 162 34–36 Kizimen 78 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3706869/backmatter.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 220
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  • Risse, A., Trumbull, RB, Coira, B., Kay, SM, Van Den Bogaard, P

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    Originally published as: Risse, A., Trumbull, R. B., Coira, B., Kay, S. M., van den Bogaard, P. (2008): Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology of mafic volcanism in the back-arc region of the southern Puna plateau, Argentina. - Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 26, 1, 1-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2008.03.002 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of mafic volcanism in the back-arc region of the southern Puna plateau, Argentina Andrea Risse1, Robert B. Trumbull1*, Beatriz Coira2, Suzanne M. Kay3, Paul van den Bogaard4 1 GeoForschungsZentrumPotsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 2 Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Instituto de Geología y Minería, SS de Jujuy, Argentina 3 Cornell University, Dept of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Snee Hall, Ithaca, NY USA 4 IFM-GEOMAR, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany Abstract Late Cenozoic back-arc mafic volcanism in the southern Puna plateau of Argentina offers insights into the state of the mantle under the world’s second largest continental plateau. Previous studies of the mafic magmas in this region proposed a scenario of mantle melting due to lithospheric delamination and/or steepening of the subducting slab. However, few of the centers have been precisely dated, which limits any geodynamic interpretation. We present results of laser incremental-heating 40Ar/39Ar dating of 22 back-arc centers in the southern Puna, with emphasis on the Salar de Antofalla region where volcanic activity was most intense. Three localities yielded ages between 7.3 and 7.0 Ma which, along with 2 previous 7 Ma ages, firmly establishes that back-arc activity began as early as late Miocene.
  • Thermomechanical Controls on Magma Supply And

    Thermomechanical Controls on Magma Supply And

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Thermomechanical controls on magma supply and volcanic deformation: application to Aira Received: 10 March 2016 Accepted: 03 August 2016 caldera, Japan Published: 13 September 2016 James Hickey1,†, Joachim Gottsmann1, Haruhisa Nakamichi2 & Masato Iguchi2 Ground deformation often precedes volcanic eruptions, and results from complex interactions between source processes and the thermomechanical behaviour of surrounding rocks. Previous models aiming to constrain source processes were unable to include realistic mechanical and thermal rock properties, and the role of thermomechanical heterogeneity in magma accumulation was unclear. Here we show how spatio-temporal deformation and magma reservoir evolution are fundamentally controlled by three- dimensional thermomechanical heterogeneity. Using the example of continued inflation at Aira caldera, Japan, we demonstrate that magma is accumulating faster than it can be erupted, and the current uplift is approaching the level inferred prior to the violent 1914 Plinian eruption. Magma storage conditions coincide with estimates for the caldera-forming reservoir ~29,000 years ago, and the inferred magma supply rate indicates a ~130-year timeframe to amass enough magma to feed a future 1914-sized eruption. These new inferences are important for eruption forecasting and risk mitigation, and have significant implications for the interpretations of volcanic deformation worldwide. The location and magnitude of crustal magma accumulation has important implications for volcanic hazards, eruption forecasting and risk mitigation1. It is possible to infer first-order estimates of these parameters using spatial patterns in geodetic data and generic models2,3. However, for more informed constraints, that are consist- ent across independent data sets, the inclusion of additional geophysical and geological observables are essential, necessitating the development of more sophisticated models.