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Leonardo Da Vinci: INGENIERO

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Leonardo Da Vinci: INGENIERO AUTOR: Miguel Ángel Contreras López http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8418-5860 EDITA: Publicaciones y Divulgación Científica. Universidad de Málaga Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial- SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional: Cualquier parte de esta obra se puede reproducir sin autorización pero con el reconocimiento y atribución de los autores. No se puede hacer uso comercial de la obra y no se puede alterar, transformar o hacer obras derivadas. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Esta Tesis Doctoral está depositada en el Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (RIUMA): riuma.uma.es Tesis Doctoral Título. Leonardo da Vinci: INGENIERO. Doctorando. Miguel Ángel Contreras López Departamento y Universidad. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica, Diseño y Proyectos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial. Universidad de Málaga. Programa de doctorado: Ingeniería y Gestión de Proyectos. Director de Tesis. Doctor D. José Ramón de Andrés Díaz. Fecha. Noviembre de 2015. Leonardo da Vinci: INGENIERO I II D. JOSÉ RAMON DE ANDRÉS DÍAZ, Dr. Ingeniero Industrial, Profesor Titular de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad de Málaga, en el Área de Proyectos de Ingeniería, actuando en calidad de Director de la Tesis, HACE CONSTAR: Que la tesis presentada por D. MIGUEL ÁNGEL CONTRERAS LÓPEZ, con el título “Leonardo da Vinci: INGENIERO”, se ha desarrollado bajo su dirección y reúne los requisitos necesarios para optar al grado de Doctor. Y para que así conste a los efectos oportunos, expedimos y firmamos el presente documento en Málaga, a 16 de noviembre de dos mil quince. Fdo.: D. JOSÉ RAMÓN DE ANDRÉS DÍAZ Leonardo da Vinci: INGENIERO III IV AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradecimientos Mal haces si alabas, y peor si reprendes una cosa que no entiendes bien (Leonardo da Vinci) Por dónde empezar….la lista es interminable….una vez presentada la Tesis y apunto de defenderla la emoción que me embarga es indescriptible. Emoción que tan sólo pueden compartir aquellos que hayan pasado por una situación similar y que comprendan las dificultades con las que se encuentra cualquier doctorando cuando decide acometer la ingente tarea de ponerse a escribir una Tesis Doctoral, con todo lo que conlleva a nivel familiar, a nivel personal y a nivel laboral. Conciliar familia, amistades y trabajo ha sido francamente muy difícil. Es natural, todas las horas dedicadas a la Tesis son horas que se han dejado de dedicar a la familia y a las amistades. Por eso quiero agradecer muy especialmente a Carol, mi princesa, por su apoyo incondicional, por estar a mi lado en todo momento, por dejarme trabajar, por quererme, por comprenderme, por animarme, por respetar mis ausencias….en definitiva agradezco enormemente tu sacrificio, sin ti no lo habría conseguido, …gracias. Es curioso que mi vida de doctorando haya ido paralela al crecimiento familiar, cuando comencé el Doctorado tan sólo éramos dos y ahora somos cuatro. En 2010 y 2013 nacieron mis hijos Ángel y Cristina. Una maravillosa locura, criar dos hijos y paralelamente intentar investigar y terminar de redactar mi Tesis ha sido agotador a la par que motivador. Cuántas veces me ha preguntado mi hijo mayor ….papá que estás haciendo en el ordenador…., y yo le contestaba, …hijo, estoy haciendo un trabajo sobre Leonardo da Vinci…., y Ángel me decía…igual que las tortugas Ninjas…..y yo no podía dejar de reír. Momentos muy tiernos. Momentos inolvidables. No tengo palabras para agradecerte, Carol, los dos hijos tan maravillosos que hemos tenido juntos, son la alegría de la casa, el motor de nuestras vidas, …gracias. Agradecer a mis padres, Juan y Adela, su esfuerzo y sacrificio en criar una familia numerosa y al mismo tiempo educarnos de la mejor manera posible, inculcándonos una serie de valores como son el amor por la familia, el trabajo, el esfuerzo, el respeto. Son valores que nada más se aprenden en el entorno familiar y que se llevan dentro del corazón para toda la vida…gracias. Agradecer a mis hermanos, Juangus, Carlos, Pepe, Marta y María Adela, por todos los momentos que hemos compartido juntos desde la infancia y que seguimos compartiendo en nuestras vidas adultas, momentos inolvidables, momentos que hacen familia, …gracias. Agradecer a mi familia política, a Paqui y a Cristi, su cariño, su acogida y su amistad. Siempre me he sentido querido como uno más de la familia. Hay personas que están pasando momentos difíciles y que sin embargo son un ejemplo de superación, que lo dan todo sin esperar nada a cambio, mi cuñada Cristi es una de ellas y he tenido la suerte de conocerla,…gracias. A todas mis amistades, que han sabido comprender mi exilio, mientras me dedicaba a luchar contra molinos de viento, a todos…gracias. Leonardo da Vinci: INGENIERO V AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradecer a mi director de tesis, José Ramón de Andrés, su dirección, sus consejos y su paciencia. He tenido la gran fortuna de tener, además de un gran director un amigo para toda la vida, …gracias. Agradecer a mi secretario del tribunal, Rafael Guzmán, su celeridad, su buen hacer y sus palabras de ánimo, …gracias. Agradecer a todos los compañeros de mi departamento el interés y la preocupación mostrada mientras estaba realizando la tesis. Especialmente a mi compañera de mil batallas, Luz García. Desde el principio hemos trabajado codo a codo en el Departamento y nos hemos entendido perfectamente, desde el respeto y el gusto por el trabajo bien hecho, buscando la excelencia en todo momento, sin su apoyo y su amistad habría sido más difícil concluir la tesis,…gracias. A todos los compañeros de la universidad que se han interesado por mi trabajo, especialmente a José Luis Navas, que siempre me sorprendió con una nueva noticia, o un nuevo artículo publicado sobre Leonardo. Traducirme del francés los “Ingenieros del Renacimiento” de Bertrand Gille ha sido un detalle precioso que no olvidaré…gracias. A Jesús Guerrero-Strachan, por respetar mi tiempo y hacer un paréntesis en todos los trabajos que llevamos juntos, por su siempre apoyo incondicional, por su amistad, …gracias. No puedo dejar de olvidar en estos momentos a mi mentor, Don Pedro Portillo, aunque ya no esté con nosotros, siempre te llevaré en mi corazón, tu vida ha sido un ejemplo para todos nosotros,…gracias. Muchas gracias a Celso Javier Roces Suárez, por permitirme publicar en el capítulo 5 de la tesis las magníficas figuras que ilustran la clasificación de los dibujos de Leonardo en máquinas, operadores y mecanismos. Sin conocerte personalmente, bastó una sola llamada telefónica y me diste el consentimiento inmediatamente, un detalle de gran generosidad,…gracias. Al personal de la Biblioteca de la EPS por su buena disposición y colaboración en la enorme cantidad de bibliografía que hemos tenido que consultar. Libros y códices consultados desde la BNE y todos los que se han tenido que gestionar a través del CBUA, préstamo interbibliotecario entre las universidades andaluzas, a todos…gracias. VI Para Carol ... mi princesa … mi vida … mi amor gracias por estos diez años tan maravillosos gracias por ser tan comprensiva gracias por Ángel y Cristina …gracias Leonardo da Vinci: INGENIERO VII VIII ÍNDICE GENERAL Índice general Capítulo 1. Estado del arte ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Antecedentes de la investigación. ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Objetivos de la investigación. ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.3. Metodología ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4. Fuentes. ........................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1.Fuentes directas o primarias. Producción manuscrita de Leonardo. ............................................... 6 1.4.1.1. Manuscritos que conservan su estructura original. .............................................................. 8 1.4.1.2. Colecciones misceláneas. .................................................................................................. 12 1.4.1.3. Hojas sueltas. ................................................................................................................... 14 1.4.2. Fuentes indirectas o secundarias................................................................................................ 16 1.5. Contenido de la Tesis ............................................................................................................................... 17 Capítulo 2. Vida y Códices de Leonardo ............................................................................................. 20 2.1. Introducción. ......................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2. Biografía de Leonardo da Vinci. ................................................................................................................ 22 2.3. Descripción y contenido de los Códices de Leonardo. ................................................................................ 31 2.3.1. El Códice Atlántico. ...................................................................................................................
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