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Islamist Militant Threats to Eurasia Joint Hearing

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Islamist Militant Threats to Eurasia Joint Hearing ISLAMIST MILITANT THREATS TO EURASIA JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON EUROPE, EURASIA, AND EMERGING THREATS AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON TERRORISM, NONPROLIFERATION, AND TRADE OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FEBRUARY 27, 2013 Serial No. 113–5 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/ or http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 79–581PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 15:42 Apr 12, 2013 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 Y:\WORK\_EE&ET\022713\79581 HFA PsN: SHIRL COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS EDWARD R. ROYCE, California, Chairman CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American DANA ROHRABACHER, California Samoa STEVE CHABOT, Ohio BRAD SHERMAN, California JOE WILSON, South Carolina GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey TED POE, Texas GERALD E. CONNOLLY, Virginia MATT SALMON, Arizona THEODORE E. DEUTCH, Florida TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania BRIAN HIGGINS, New York JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina KAREN BASS, California ADAM KINZINGER, Illinois WILLIAM KEATING, Massachusetts MO BROOKS, Alabama DAVID CICILLINE, Rhode Island TOM COTTON, Arkansas ALAN GRAYSON, Florida PAUL COOK, California JUAN VARGAS, California GEORGE HOLDING, North Carolina BRADLEY S. SCHNEIDER, Illinois RANDY K. WEBER SR., Texas JOSEPH P. KENNEDY III, Massachusetts SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania AMI BERA, California STEVE STOCKMAN, Texas ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California RON DESANTIS, Florida GRACE MENG, New York TREY RADEL, Florida LOIS FRANKEL, Florida DOUG COLLINS, Georgia TULSI GABBARD, Hawaii MARK MEADOWS, North Carolina JOAQUIN CASTRO, Texas TED S. YOHO, Florida LUKE MESSER, Indiana AMY PORTER, Chief of Staff THOMAS SHEEHY, Staff Director JASON STEINBAUM, Democratic Staff Director (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 15:42 Apr 12, 2013 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 Y:\WORK\_EE&ET\022713\79581 HFA PsN: SHIRL SUBCOMMITTEE ON EUROPE, EURASIA, AND EMERGING THREATS DANA ROHRABACHER, California, Chairman TED POE, Texas WILLIAM KEATING, Massachusetts TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey PAUL COOK, California BRIAN HIGGINS, New York GEORGE HOLDING, North Carolina ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California STEVE STOCKMAN, Texas SUBCOMMITTEE ON TERRORISM, NONPROLIFERATION, AND TRADE TED POE, Texas, Chairman JOE WILSON, South Carolina BRAD SHERMAN, California ADAM KINZINGER, Illinois ALAN S. LOWENTHAL, California MO BROOKS, Alabama JOAQUIN CASTRO, Texas TOM COTTON, Arkansas JUAN VARGAS, California PAUL COOK, California BRADLEY S. SCHNEIDER, Illinois SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania JOSEPH P. KENNEDY III, Massachusetts TED S. YOHO, Florida (III) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 15:42 Apr 12, 2013 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 Y:\WORK\_EE&ET\022713\79581 HFA PsN: SHIRL VerDate 0ct 09 2002 15:42 Apr 12, 2013 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 Y:\WORK\_EE&ET\022713\79581 HFA PsN: SHIRL C O N T E N T S Page WITNESSES The Honorable Robert O. Blake, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, U.S. Department of State .............................................. 9 Mr. Justin Siberell, Deputy Coordinator for Regional Affairs and Programs, Bureau of Counterterrorism, U.S. Department of State ................................... 18 Ariel Cohen, Ph.D., senior research fellow for Russian and Eurasian Studies, The Heritage Foundation .................................................................................... 37 Mr. Jacob Zenn, research analyst, The Jamestown Foundation ......................... 48 Mr. Nathan Barrick, strategic consultant, CLI Solutions .................................... 71 Stephen J. Blank, Ph.D., research professor of National Security Affairs, U.S. Army War College ........................................................................................ 76 LETTERS, STATEMENTS, ETC., SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING The Honorable Dana Rohrabacher, a Representative in Congress from the State of California, and chairman, Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, and Emerging Threats: Prepared statement ............................................................. 3 The Honorable Robert O. Blake: Prepared statement .......................................... 11 Mr. Justin Siberell: Prepared statement ............................................................... 20 Ariel Cohen, Ph.D.: Prepared statement ............................................................... 39 Mr. Jacob Zenn: Prepared statement ..................................................................... 51 Mr. Nathan Barrick: Prepared statement ............................................................. 73 Stephen J. Blank, Ph.D.: Prepared statement ...................................................... 78 APPENDIX Hearing notice .......................................................................................................... 100 Hearing minutes ...................................................................................................... 101 (V) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 15:42 Apr 12, 2013 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 Y:\WORK\_EE&ET\022713\79581 HFA PsN: SHIRL VerDate 0ct 09 2002 15:42 Apr 12, 2013 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 Y:\WORK\_EE&ET\022713\79581 HFA PsN: SHIRL ISLAMIST MILITANT THREATS TO EURASIA WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2013 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON EUROPE, EURASIA, AND EMERGING THREATS AND SUBCOMMITTEE ON TERRORISM, NONPROLIFERATION, AND TRADE, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, Washington, DC. The subcommittees met, pursuant to notice, at 1 o’clock p.m., in room 2172 Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Dana Rohrabacher and Hon. Ted Poe (chairmen of the subcommittees) presiding. Mr. ROHRABACHER. This hearing of the joint subcommittees of the Foreign Affairs Committee will be called to order. And I call to order this joint hearing. It is of both Europe, Eurasia, and Emerging Threats, and the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Non- proliferation, and Trade. Now let me see what we have got here, okay. After Chairman Poe of the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Non- proliferation, and Trade and I, and the ranking members of each subcommittee, Mr. Keating and Mr. Sherman, after we each take 5 minutes to make our opening remarks, each member will have 1 minute to make an opening statement, alternating between the majority and minority members. And without objection, all mem- bers may have 5 days to submit statements, questions, and extra- neous material for the record subject to the length limitation in the rules, and hearing no objection, so ordered. This is essentially a hearing about terrorism and how to fight it, so it is relevant to bring up the plight of Dr. Afridi. With the un- derstanding of my colleagues and those that have come to hear this hearing, Dr. Afridi is the man who confirmed the location of Osama bin Laden in his Pakistani safe house. Defense Secretary Panetta said Dr. Afridi played a pivotal role in making it possible for our Special Forces to administer justice to bin Laden for his role in plotting the massacre of 3,000 Americans on 9/11. Pakistan gave this mass murderer safe haven. Dr. Afridi, a Paki- stani physician, risked his life so justice could be done. Then we left him behind, and this hero is now sitting in a Pakistani prison. Dr. Afridi has been tortured, and his family threatened. Those are hostile acts by Pakistan against the United States, and belie the notion that Pakistan is an ally of ours in the war against terrorism. So I would hope our Assistant Secretary Blake, I hope he takes back to Foggy Bottom, the message of the American people that the State Department needs to get Dr. Afridi released from prison using whatever pressure on Pakistan is needed. We cannot defeat (1) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 15:42 Apr 12, 2013 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 Y:\WORK\_EE&ET\022713\79581 HFA PsN: SHIRL 2 terrorism in Eurasia or anywhere else if we cannot recruit allies. And we are never going to be able to recruit allies if we betray those who side with us against this ferocious and horrible enemy that all of us in humankind face of radical Islamic terrorism, and yes, other forms of terrorism as well. Since September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States, American policy toward the Central Asian states has aimed basi- cally at facilitating their cooperation with the United States and NATO stabilization efforts in Afghanistan. The level of cooperation by the Government of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, their level of cooperation with these three governments has been out- standing since 9/11. There has even been a respectable level of co- operation with Russia in Afghanistan and in other regional hotspots. During most of this period, terrorism in Central Asia was kept to a minimum. However, since 2010 there has been an increase in violence by Islamic militants in Central Asia. A closer look at secu- rity risks in the region north of Afghanistan is long overdue, and it is imperative as we move to a U.S. pullout of troops by 2014 that we focus on what that will result in, in those countries just
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