A Dynamic Binary Instrumentation Engine for the ARM Architecture
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Anpassung Eines Netzwerkprozessor-Referenzsystems Im Rahmen Des MAMS-Forschungsprojektes
Anpassung eines Netzwerkprozessor-Referenzsystems im Rahmen des MAMS-Forschungsprojektes Diplomarbeit an der Fachhochschule Hof Fachbereich Informatik / Technik Studiengang: Angewandte Informatik Vorgelegt bei von Prof. Dr. Dieter Bauer Stefan Weber Fachhochschule Hof Pacellistr. 23 Alfons-Goppel-Platz 1 95119 Naila 95028 Hof Matrikelnr. 00041503 Abgabgetermin: Freitag, den 28. September 2007 Hof, den 27. September 2007 Diplomarbeit - ii - Inhaltsverzeichnis Titelseite i Inhaltsverzeichnis ii Abbildungsverzeichnis v Tabellenverzeichnis vii Quellcodeverzeichnis viii Funktionsverzeichnis x Abkurzungen¨ xi Definitionen / Worterkl¨arungen xiii 1 Vorwort 1 2 Einleitung 3 2.1 Abstract ......................................... 3 2.2 Zielsetzung der Arbeit ................................. 3 2.3 Aufbau der Arbeit .................................... 4 2.4 MAMS .......................................... 4 2.4.1 Anwendungsszenario .............................. 4 2.4.2 Einführung ................................... 5 2.4.3 NGN - Next Generation Networks ....................... 5 2.4.4 Abstrakte Darstellung und Begriffe ...................... 7 3 Hauptteil 8 3.1 BorderGateway Hardware ............................... 8 3.1.1 Control-Blade - Control-PC .......................... 9 3.1.2 ConverGate-D Evaluation Board: Modell easy4271 ............. 10 3.1.3 ConverGate-D Netzwerkprozessor ....................... 12 3.1.4 Motorola POWER Chip (MPC) Modul ..................... 12 3.1.5 Test- und Arbeitsumgebung .......................... 13 3.2 Vorhandene -
Embedded Java with GCJ
Embedded Java with GCJ http://0-delivery.acm.org.innopac.lib.ryerson.ca/10.1145/1140000/11341... Embedded Java with GCJ Gene Sally Abstract You don't always need a Java Virtual Machine to run Java in an embedded system. This article discusses how to use GCJ, part of the GCC compiler suite, in an embedded Linux project. Like all tools, GCJ has benefits, namely the ability to code in a high-level language like Java, and its share of drawbacks as well. The notion of getting GCJ running on an embedded target may be daunting at first, but you'll see that doing so requires less effort than you may think. After reading the article, you should be inspired to try this out on a target to see whether GCJ can fit into your next project. The Java language has all sorts of nifty features, like automatic garbage collection, an extensive, robust run-time library and expressive object-oriented constructs that help you quickly develop reliable code. Why Use GCJ in the First Place? The native code compiler for Java does what is says: compiles your Java source down to the machine code for the target. This means you won't have to get a JVM (Java Virtual Machine) on your target. When you run the program's code, it won't start a VM, it will simply load and run like any other program. This doesn't necessarily mean your code will run faster. Sometimes you get better performance numbers for byte code running on a hot-spot VM versus GCJ-compiled code. -
Linux Kernel and Driver Development Training Slides
Linux Kernel and Driver Development Training Linux Kernel and Driver Development Training © Copyright 2004-2021, Bootlin. Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license. Latest update: October 9, 2021. Document updates and sources: https://bootlin.com/doc/training/linux-kernel Corrections, suggestions, contributions and translations are welcome! embedded Linux and kernel engineering Send them to [email protected] - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux - Development, consulting, training and support - https://bootlin.com 1/470 Rights to copy © Copyright 2004-2021, Bootlin License: Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode You are free: I to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work I to make derivative works I to make commercial use of the work Under the following conditions: I Attribution. You must give the original author credit. I Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. I For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. I Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Document sources: https://github.com/bootlin/training-materials/ - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux - Development, consulting, training and support - https://bootlin.com 2/470 Hyperlinks in the document There are many hyperlinks in the document I Regular hyperlinks: https://kernel.org/ I Kernel documentation links: dev-tools/kasan I Links to kernel source files and directories: drivers/input/ include/linux/fb.h I Links to the declarations, definitions and instances of kernel symbols (functions, types, data, structures): platform_get_irq() GFP_KERNEL struct file_operations - Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux - Development, consulting, training and support - https://bootlin.com 3/470 Company at a glance I Engineering company created in 2004, named ”Free Electrons” until Feb. -
Java in Embedded Linux Systems
Java in Embedded Linux Systems Java in Embedded Linux Systems Thomas Petazzoni / Michael Opdenacker Free Electrons http://free-electrons.com/ Created with OpenOffice.org 2.x Java in Embedded Linux Systems © Copyright 2004-2007, Free Electrons, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 license http://free-electrons.com Sep 15, 2009 1 Rights to copy Attribution ± ShareAlike 2.5 © Copyright 2004-2008 You are free Free Electrons to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work [email protected] to make derivative works to make commercial use of the work Document sources, updates and translations: Under the following conditions http://free-electrons.com/articles/java Attribution. You must give the original author credit. Corrections, suggestions, contributions and Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license translations are welcome! identical to this one. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above. License text: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode Java in Embedded Linux Systems © Copyright 2004-2007, Free Electrons, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 license http://free-electrons.com Sep 15, 2009 2 Best viewed with... This document is best viewed with a recent PDF reader or with OpenOffice.org itself! Take advantage of internal -
Pin Tutorial What Is Instrumentation?
Pin Tutorial What is Instrumentation? A technique that inserts extra code into a program to collect runtime information Instrumentation approaches: • Source instrumentation: – Instrument source programs • Binary instrumentation: – Instrument executables directly 1 Pin Tutorial 2007 Why use Dynamic Instrumentation? No need to recompile or relink Discover code at runtime Handle dynamically-generated code Attach to running processes 2 Pin Tutorial 2007 Advantages of Pin Instrumentation Easy-to-use Instrumentation: • Uses dynamic instrumentation – Do not need source code, recompilation, post-linking Programmable Instrumentation: • Provides rich APIs to write in C/C++ your own instrumentation tools (called Pintools) Multiplatform: • Supports x86, x86-64, Itanium, Xscale • Supports Linux, Windows, MacOS Robust: • Instruments real-life applications: Database, web browsers, … • Instruments multithreaded applications • Supports signals Efficient: • Applies compiler optimizations on instrumentation code 3 Pin Tutorial 2007 Using Pin Launch and instrument an application $ pin –t pintool –- application Instrumentation engine Instrumentation tool (provided in the kit) (write your own, or use one provided in the kit) Attach to and instrument an application $ pin –t pintool –pid 1234 4 Pin Tutorial 2007 Pin Instrumentation APIs Basic APIs are architecture independent: • Provide common functionalities like determining: – Control-flow changes – Memory accesses Architecture-specific APIs • e.g., Info about segmentation registers on IA32 Call-based APIs: -
In-Memory Protocol Fuzz Testing Using the Pin Toolkit
In-Memory Protocol Fuzz Testing using the Pin Toolkit BACHELOR’S THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering by Patrik Fimml Registration Number 1027027 to the Faculty of Informatics at the Vienna University of Technology Advisor: Dipl.-Ing. Markus Kammerstetter Vienna, 5th March, 2015 Patrik Fimml Markus Kammerstetter Technische Universität Wien A-1040 Wien Karlsplatz 13 Tel. +43-1-58801-0 www.tuwien.ac.at Erklärung zur Verfassung der Arbeit Patrik Fimml Kaiserstraße 92 1070 Wien Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich diese Arbeit selbständig verfasst habe, dass ich die verwen- deten Quellen und Hilfsmittel vollständig angegeben habe und dass ich die Stellen der Arbeit – einschließlich Tabellen, Karten und Abbildungen –, die anderen Werken oder dem Internet im Wortlaut oder dem Sinn nach entnommen sind, auf jeden Fall unter Angabe der Quelle als Entlehnung kenntlich gemacht habe. Wien, 5. März 2015 Patrik Fimml iii Abstract In this Bachelor’s thesis, we explore in-memory fuzz testing of TCP server binaries. We use the Pin instrumentation framework to inject faults directly into application buffers and take snapshots of the program state. On a simple testing binary, this results in a 2.7× speedup compared to a naive fuzz testing implementation. To evaluate our implementation, we apply it to a VNC server binary as an example for a real-world application. We describe obstacles that we had to tackle during development and point out limitations of our approach. v Contents Abstract v Contents vii 1 Introduction 1 2 Fuzz Testing 3 2.1 Naive Protocol Fuzz Testing . -
Introduction to PIN 6.823: Computer System Architecture
6.823: Computer System Architecture Introduction to PIN Victor Ying [email protected] Adapted from: Prior 6.823 offerings, and Intel’s Tutorial at CGO 2010 2/7/2020 6.823 Spring 2020 1 Designing Computer Architectures Build computers that run programs efficiently Two important components: 1. Study of programs and patterns – Guides interface, design choices 2. Engineering under constraints – Evaluate tradeoffs of architectural choices 2/7/2020 6.823 Spring 2020 2 Simulation: An Essential Tool in Architecture Research • A tool to reproduce the behavior of a computing device • Why use simulators? – Obtain fine-grained details about internal behavior – Enable software development – Obtain performance predictions for candidate architectures – Cheaper than building system 2/7/2020 6.823 Spring 2020 3 Labs • Focus on understanding program behavior, evaluating architectural tradeoffs Model Results Suite Benchmark 2/7/2020 6.823 Spring 2020 4 PIN • www.pintool.org – Developed by Intel – Free for download and use • A tool for dynamic binary instrumentation Runtime No need to Insert code in the re-compile program to collect or re-link information 2/7/2020 6.823 Spring 2020 5 Pin: A Versatile Tool • Architecture research – Simulators: zsim, CMPsim, Graphite, Sniper, Swarm • Software Development – Intel Parallel Studio, Intel SDE – Memory debugging, correctness/perf. analysis • Security Useful tool to have in – Taint analysis your arsenal! 2/7/2020 6.823 Spring 2020 6 PIN • www.pintool.org – Developed by Intel – Free for download and use • A tool for dynamic binary instrumentation Runtime No need to Insert code in the re-compile program to collect or re-link information 2/7/2020 6.823 Spring 2020 7 Instrumenting Instructions sub $0xff, %edx cmp %esi, %edx jle <L1> mov $0x1, %edi add $0x10, %eax 2/7/2020 6.823 Spring 2020 8 Example 1: Instruction Count I want to count the number of instructions executed. -
Win API Hooking by Using DBI: Log Me, Baby!
Win API hooking by using DBI: log me, baby! Ricardo J. Rodríguez [email protected] « All wrongs reversed SITARIO D IVER E LA UN D O EF R EN T S EN A C D I I S D C N E E N C DI DO N O S V S V M N I I N T A 2009 ZARAGOZA NcN 2017 NoConName 2017 Barcelona, Spain Credits of some slides thanks to Gal Diskin Win API hooking by using DBI: log me, baby! (R.J. Rodríguez) NcN 2017 1 / 24 Agenda 1 What is Dynamic Binary Instrumentation (DBI)? 2 The Pin framework 3 Developing your Own Pintools Developing Pintools: How-to Logging WinAPIs (for fun & profit) Windows File Format Uses 4 Conclusions Win API hooking by using DBI: log me, baby! (R.J. Rodríguez) NcN 2017 2 / 24 Dynamic Binary Instrumentation DBI: Dynamic Binary Instrumentation Main Words Instrumentation ?? Dynamic ?? Binary ?? Win API hooking by using DBI: log me, baby! (R.J. Rodríguez) NcN 2017 3 / 24 Analyse and control everything around an executable code Collect some information Arbitrary code insertion Dynamic Binary Instrumentation Instrumentation? Instrumentation “Being able to observe, monitor and modify the behaviour of a computer program” (Gal Diskin) Arbitrary addition of code in executables to collect some information Win API hooking by using DBI: log me, baby! (R.J. Rodríguez) NcN 2017 4 / 24 Dynamic Binary Instrumentation Instrumentation? Instrumentation “Being able to observe, monitor and modify the behaviour of a computer program” (Gal Diskin) Arbitrary addition of code in executables to collect some information Analyse and control everything around an executable code Collect some information Arbitrary code insertion Win API hooking by using DBI: log me, baby! (R.J. -
Intel's Dynamic Binary Instrumentation Engine Pin Tutorial
Pin: Intel’s Dynamic Binary Instrumentation Engine Pin Tutorial Intel Corporation Written By: Tevi Devor Presented By: Sion Berkowits CGO 2013 1 Which one of these people is the Pin Performance Guru? 2 Legal Disclaimer INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS”. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO THIS INFORMATION INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance of Intel products, reference www.intel.com/software/products. Intel and the Intel logo are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Copyright © 2013. Intel Corporation. 3 Optimization Notice Intel compilers, associated libraries and associated development tools may include or utilize options that optimize for instruction sets that are available in both Intel and non-Intel microprocessors (for example SIMD instruction sets), but do not optimize equally for non-Intel microprocessors. In addition, certain compiler options for Intel compilers, including some that are not specific to Intel micro- architecture, are reserved for Intel microprocessors. -
Industrial Iot: from Embedded to the Cloud Using Java from Beginning to End
Industrial IoT: from Embedded to the Cloud using Java from Beginning to End © Copyright Azul Systems 2015 Simon Ritter Deputy CTO, Azul Systems @speakjava © Copyright Azul Systems 2019 1 Industrial IoT © Copyright Azul Systems 2019 Industrial Revolutions Industry 1.0 Industry 2.0 Industry 3.0 Industry 4.0 st 1st mechanical loom 1st assembly line 1 programmable Industrial (1784) (1913) logic controller Internet (1969) End of Start of Start of Start of 18th Century 20th Century 1970s 21st Century © Copyright Azul Systems 2019 3 Industrial Automation The traditional segment drivers haven’t changed... Competitive edge Production throughput Enhanced quality Manufacturing visibility and control Energy and Government & Safety Business resource management standards compliance and security integration © Copyright Azul Systems 2019 5 Industrial Automation Smart devices are key Local intelligence and Flexible networking Performance and scalability decision-making Security Remote management Functions become services © Copyright Azul Systems 2019 6 Industrial IoT: Edge to Cloud Intelligent Gateways Cloud Edge Devices • Minimal compute power • Complex event filtering • Data collection • Raw event filtering • Basic analytics • Analytics • Programmable control • Offline/online control • Machine Learning • Mesh networking • Command & control © Copyright Azul Systems 2019 Why Java For Industrial IoT? © Copyright Azul Systems 2019 Java Embedded Platform ▪ Hardware and Operating System independence ▪ Local database, web-enabled, event aware ▪ Optimised for -
Valgrind a Framework for Heavyweight Dynamic Binary
VValgrindalgrind AA FramFrameweworkork forfor HHeavyweavyweighteight DDynamynamicic BBinaryinary InstrumInstrumentationentation Nicholas Nethercote — National ICT Australia Julian Seward — OpenWorks LLP 1 FAFAQQ #1#1 • How do you pronounce “Valgrind”? • “Val-grinned”, not “Val-grined” • Don’t feel bad: almost everyone gets it wrong at first 2 DDBBAA toolstools • Program analysis tools are useful – Bug detectors – Profilers – Visualizers • Dynamic binary analysis (DBA) tools – Analyse a program’s machine code at run-time – Augment original code with analysis code 3 BBuildinguilding DDBBAA toolstools • Dynamic binary instrumentation (DBI) – Add analysis code to the original machine code at run-time – No preparation, 100% coverage • DBI frameworks – Pin, DynamoRIO, Valgrind, etc. Tool Framework + = Tool plug-in 4 PriorPrior wworkork Well-studied Not well-studied Framework performance Instrumentation capabilities Simple tools Complex tools • Potential of DBI has not been fully exploited – Tools get less attention than frameworks – Complex tools are more interesting than simple tools 5 ShadowShadow valuevalue toolstools 6 ShadowShadow valuevalue toolstools (I)(I) • Shadow every value with another value that describes it – Tool stores and propagates shadow values in parallel Tool(s) Shadow values help find... Memcheck Uses of undefined values bugs Annelid Array bounds violations Hobbes Run-time type errors TaintCheck, LIFT, TaintTrace Uses of untrusted values security “Secret tracker” Leaked secrets DynCompB Invariants properties Redux Dynamic -
Using Dynamic Binary Instrumentation for Security (And How You May Get Caught Red Handed)
SoK: Using Dynamic Binary Instrumentation for Security (And How You May Get Caught Red Handed) Daniele Cono D’Elia Emilio Coppa Simone Nicchi Sapienza University of Rome Sapienza University of Rome Sapienza University of Rome [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Federico Palmaro Lorenzo Cavallaro Prisma King’s College London [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION Dynamic binary instrumentation (DBI) techniques allow for moni- Even before the size and complexity of computer software reached toring and possibly altering the execution of a running program up the levels that recent years have witnessed, developing reliable and to the instruction level granularity. The ease of use and flexibility of efficient ways to monitor the behavior of code under execution DBI primitives has made them popular in a large body of research in has been a major concern for the scientific community. Execution different domains, including software security. Lately, the suitabil- monitoring can serve a great deal of purposes: to name but a few, ity of DBI for security has been questioned in light of transparency consider performance analysis and optimization, vulnerability iden- concerns from artifacts that popular frameworks introduce in the tification, as well as the detection of suspicious actions, execution execution: while they do not perturb benign programs, a dedicated patterns, or data flows in a program. adversary may detect their presence and defeat the analysis. To accomplish this task users can typically resort to instrumen- The contributions we provide are two-fold. We first present the tation techniques, which in their simplest form consist in adding abstraction and inner workings of DBI frameworks, how DBI as- instructions to the code sections of the program under observation.