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Mikropaläontologie (Foraminiferen, Ostrakoden), Biostratigraphie Und abhandlungen Band 1 - Teil 1 Mikropaläontologie (Foraminiferen, Ostrakoden), Biostratigraphie und fazielle Entwicklung der Kreide von Nordsomalia mit einem Beitrag zur geodynamischen Entwicklung des östlichen Gondwana im Mesozoikum und frühen Känozoikum Micropalaeontology (Foraminiferida, Ostracoda), biostratigraphy and facies development of the Cretaceous of Northern Somalia including a contribution concerning the geodynamic development of eastern Gondwana during the Cretaceous to basal Paleocene Peter LUGER (†) TEXTBAND Landshut, 06. Dezember 2018 ISSN 2626-4161 (Print) ISSN 2626-9864 (Online) ISBN 978-3-947953-00-4 (Gesamtausgabe) ISBN 978-3-947953-01-1 (Band 1 - Teil 1) ISBN 978-3-947953-02-8 (Band 1 - Teil 2) Die Zeitschrift "documenta naturae abhandlungen" ist die Fortsetzung der Sonderband-Reihe der "Zeitschrift Documenta naturae", begründet 1976 in Landshut. Copyright © 2018 amh-Geo Geowissenschaftlicher Dienst, Aham bei Landshut Alle Rechte vorbehalten. - All rights reserved. Der/die Autor(en) sind verantwortlich für den Inhalt der Beiträge, für die Gesamtgestaltung Herausgeber und Verlag. Das vorliegende Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwendung, auch auszugsweise, insbesondere Übersetzungen, Nachdrucke, Vervielfältigungen jeder Art, Mikroverfilmungen, Einspeicherungen in elektronische Systeme, bedarf der schriftlichen Genehmigung des Verlages. ISSN 2626-4161 (Print) ISSN 2626-9864 (Online) ISBN 978-3-947953-00-4 (Gesamtausgabe) ISBN 978-3-947953-01-1 (Band 1 - Teil 1) ISBN 978-3-947953-02-8 (Band 1 - Teil 2) Landshut, 06. Dezember 2018 Printed edition released 06. Dezember 2018 / available online 06. Dezember 2018 Bestellungen & Vertrieb über den Verlag und unter www.amh-geoshop.de Herausgeber, Verlag & Herstellung amh-Geo • Geowissenschaftlicher Dienst Inhaber Dr. Alexander M. Heyng, Erling 5, D-84168 Aham bei Landshut Tel.: +49 (0)171 8976551 E-Mail: [email protected] www.amh-geo.de www.documenta-naturae.de Umschlagbild: Vorbereitung zum Aufbruch an der Basis des Profils Manna'a mit notwendiger Ausrüstung unter somalischen Geländebedingungen; Photo von Peter Luger, aufgenommen 1989. Geleitwort der Herausgeber Kollege Peter Luger starb am 10. Oktober 2014 im Alter von 58 Jahren. Durch seinen frühen Tod konnte er den Druck seiner Habilitationsschrift leider nicht mehr erleben. Der damalige Leiter des Verlages Documenta naturae, Dr. Hans-Joachim Gregor, hatte den Kontakt zu ihm aufgebaut, die Originalfassung erhalten und war von Peter Luger gebeten worden, noch auf einige kleine nachträgliche Änderungen zu warten – was durch seinen Tod leider nicht mehr erfolgen konnte. Prof. W. Dominik von der TU Berlin (Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften) hatte seine Bereitschaft bekundet, die letzten Änderungen und Verbesserungen einzufügen – wir geben hiermit aber nach vier Jahren des Wartens auf. Im Sinne von Peter Luger und seiner Mutter drucken wir vorliegend die Habilitationsschrift in der originalen Fassung. Die wissenschaftliche Dokumentation des Werkes endet somit im Jahre 2014. Spätere wissenschaftliche Erkennntnisse konnten nicht mehr berücksichtigt werden. Der Herausgeber und Leiter des neuen Verlages amh-Geo, Dr. Alexander M. Heyng, hat alle Bedingungen so übernommen, wie sie seinerzeit geplant und vereinbart waren. Dr. Alexander M. Heyng & Dr. Hans-Joachim Gregor Für meine Mutter Christel Luger Im Gedenken an meinen Vater Erwin Luger und meine Großmutter Elionore Weißenborn, die beide während meines ersten Geländeaufenthaltes in Nordsomalia 1988 verstarben; sowie für meine Familie in Deutschland in Südafrika und Australien documenta naturae abhandlungen | Band 1 - Teil 1 | 370 S. | 50 Abb., 6 Tab. | Landshut, 2018 Mikropaläontologie (Foraminiferen, Ostrakoden), Biostratigraphie und fazielle Entwicklung der Kreide von Nordsomalia - mit einem Beitrag zur geodynamischen Entwicklung des östlichen Gondwana im Mesozoikum und frühen Känozoikum Micropalaeontology (Foraminiferida, Ostracoda), biostratigraphy and facies development of the Cretaceous of Northern Somalia - including a contribution concerning the geodynamic development of eastern Gondwana during the Cretaceous to basal Paleocene Peter LUGER ** ** Dr. Peter Luger, ehemals Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät VI, Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Ackerstr. 76, 13355 Berlin Kurzfassung Erstmals werden die kretazischen bis altpaleozänen Mikrofaunen (Foraminiferen, Ostrakoden) des zentralen Nordsomalias (zentrale und östliche Ahl Medo- und westliche Ahl Meskat-Küstenkordilliere) vollständig monographisch erfasst. Diese entstammen einer dichten Beprobung von insgesamt acht übertage aufgeschlossenen Profilen, wobei die Analyse der Mikrofaunen stratigraphisch den Zeitraum vom basalen unteren Apt bis zum mittleren Cenoman, und nach einem deutlichen Hiatus Campan, Maastricht und unteres Paleozän ergibt. Insgesamt werden 84 Foraminiferengattungen mit insgesamt 119 Arten (inkl. 6 neu errichteter Arten/Unterarten) und 65 Ostrakodengattungen (inkl. Untergattungen) mit insgesamt 152 Arten (inkl. Unterarten) beschrieben und dokumentiert. Bei den Ostrakoden werden 4 neue Gattungen und 24 neue Arten (inkl. Unterarten) eingeführt. Die biostratigraphische Auswertung ergibt für das Apt acht, für das Alb vier, das Cenoman drei, das Campan und Maastricht jeweils eine und das untere Paleozän drei aufeinander folgende typische Assoziationen von Foraminiferen und Ostrakoden (auf die formale Errichtung von Biozonen wird wegen der starken faziellen Abhängigkeiten der jeweiligen Leitfossilien verzichtet). Ökologisch sind die basalen Sedimente der Kreide dem Apt in limnischer Fazies zuzuordnen, die bereits im tiefen Unterapt in Ablagerungen einer Karbonatrampe übergehen. Erstmalig werden für das untere Oberapt Ablagerungen einer offenen Schelffazies aus Nordsomalia beschrieben (mit planktonischen Foraminiferen: Leupoldina cabri-Zone und reichhaltiger Ammonitenfauna), die bereits im höheren Oberapt wieder in die zunächst bis zum mittleren Cenoman anhaltende nach NW verlandende Karbonatrampenfazies übergehen. Auch die karbonatischen Sedimente des Campans, Maastrichts bis unteren Paleozäns sind in dieser Fazies entwickelt. Der allgemeine geologische Rahmen Somalias mit seinen tektonischen Elementen und der 2 sedimentären Entwicklung bis zum Paläogen wird kurz dargestellt. Besonders ausführlich wird die Ablagerungsgeschichte Nordsomalias in der Kreide beschrieben und in den acht Profilen graphisch abgebildet. Anhand der Faunenanalyse wird die Ökologie der kretazischen Sedimente diskutiert sowie die Paläobio-geographie der Faunenelemente dargestellt. Letztere ergibt für das Apt bis Cenoman eine zunehmende Vereinheitlichung sowohl bei den Foraminiferen als auch bei den Ostrakoden im südtethyalen Raum, wohingegen im Campan bis unteren Paleozän bei den Foraminiferen eine zunehmende Trennung in west- und osttethyale Faunenelemente zu beobachten ist. Noch deutlicher ist bei den Ostrakoden ab dem Coniac bis zum unteren Paleozän eine strikte Trennung zwischen einer nordafrikanisch/levantinischen und einer iranisch/arabisch/somali-schen Faunenprovinz erkennbar. Ein Vergleich der faziellen Entwicklung der Kreide von Somalia und der nördlich und südlich angrenzenden Gebiete und deren geodynamischer Geschichte wird angestellt. Hierbei zeigt sich deutlich, dass Nordsomalia während der Kreide sowohl in der faziellen Ausbildung als auch in der geodynamischen (sequenzstatigraphischen-tektonischen) Entwicklung hohe Übereinstimmungen mit der arabischen Plattform aufweist. Hierbei sind jedoch die Hiaten zwischen Jura und Kreide sowie zwischen Cenoman und Campan deutlich länger als in den zu dieser Zeit direkt nördlich angrenzenden Gebieten, weshalb Nordsomalia als Südrand der arabischen Platte interpretiert wird. Der lange Hiatus zwischen dem obersten Jura und dem Apt in Nordsomalia in Kombination mit starker vertikaler Tektonik und lokal völliger Erosion jurassischer Ablagerungen wird mit dem Ende der Süd-Drift Madagaskars und dem Einsetzen der Drift zwischen Afrika/Madagaskar und Antarctica/ Australien in der tieferen Unterkreide in Verbindung gebracht. Der deutliche Hiatus zwischen dem Cenoman und Campan mit lokaler Erosion cenomaner Sedimente steht in klarer Verbindung mit dem Rift und der einsetzenden Drift zwischen Madagaskar und der Indo/Seychellen-Platte im Turon. Schlüsselwörter: Nordsomalia, Kreide, Mikropaläontologie, Foraminifa, Ostrakoda, Geologie, Geodynamische Faktoren, Zerfall von Ostgondwana. Extended summary The present study represents the first attempt of a monographic micropalaeontological study on the Cretaceous to Early Paleocene Foraminifera and Ostracoda of central northern Somalia. The investigated samples derived from eight surface sections taken by the author in the central/eastern Ahl Medo and western Ahl Meskat Mountains, covering about 2050 meters in total. These studies had been carried out in the late 1980ies in the scope of the “Special Research Project 69” hosted at the Technical University of Berlin and funded by the German Research Foundation. According to the micropalaeontological results, the Cretaceous so called “Tisje-Formation” (name disputed) could be subdivided into four units of Aptian to Cenomanian age and a fifth unit of Campanian age, unconformably overlying differently deep eroded Cenomanian sediments. Subsequent to a short regressive phase, this is followed by the conformably overlying Maastrichtian to Early Paleocene calcareous deposits of the lower Auradu Formation (of which the thick overlying
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