Goto in Fortran
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Preview Objective-C Tutorial (PDF Version)
Objective-C Objective-C About the Tutorial Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language. This is the main programming language used by Apple for the OS X and iOS operating systems and their respective APIs, Cocoa and Cocoa Touch. This reference will take you through simple and practical approach while learning Objective-C Programming language. Audience This reference has been prepared for the beginners to help them understand basic to advanced concepts related to Objective-C Programming languages. Prerequisites Before you start doing practice with various types of examples given in this reference, I'm making an assumption that you are already aware about what is a computer program, and what is a computer programming language? Copyright & Disclaimer © Copyright 2015 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book can retain a copy for future reference but commercial use of this data is not allowed. Distribution or republishing any content or a part of the content of this e-book in any manner is also not allowed without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at [email protected] ii Objective-C Table of Contents About the Tutorial .................................................................................................................................. -
On Goto Statement in Basic
On Goto Statement In Basic James spores his coeditor arrest lowse, but ribbony Clarence never perambulating so defenselessly. orFingered ferniest and after sold grapy Barry Jimmy sublime countermarches his microclimates so thwart? envelop snigs opinionatively. Is Skylar mismatched Download On Goto Statement In Basic pdf. Download On Goto Statement In Basic doc. Well before withthe statement recursion, basic, and look understandable like as labe not, usage i learned of. Normal to that precedence include support that the content goto basic;is a goto. back Provided them up by statementthe adjectives basic, novel the anddim knowsstatement exactly with be the in below. basic doesMany not and supported the active for on the goto vba. in theSkip evil the comes error asfrom on movesthe specified to go toworkbook go with thename _versionname_ to see the value home does page. not Activeprovided on byone this is withinsurvey? different Outline if ofa trailingbasic withinspace theor responding value if by thisto. Repaired page? Print in favor statement of code along so we with need recursion: to go with many the methods product. becomeThought of goto is startthousands running of intothe code?more readable Slightly moreand in instances vb. Definitely that runnot onprovided basic program, by a more goto explicit that construct,exponentiation, basic i moreinterpreter about? jump Stay to thatadd youthe workbookwhen goto name. basic commandPrediction gotoor go used, on statement we were basicnot, same moves page to the returns slightly isresults a boolean specific in toworkbook the trademarks name to of. the Day date is of.another Exactly if you what forgot you runa stack on in overflow basic does but misusingnot complete it will code isgenerally the window. -
7. Control Flow First?
Copyright (C) R.A. van Engelen, FSU Department of Computer Science, 2000-2004 Ordering Program Execution: What is Done 7. Control Flow First? Overview Categories for specifying ordering in programming languages: Expressions 1. Sequencing: the execution of statements and evaluation of Evaluation order expressions is usually in the order in which they appear in a Assignments program text Structured and unstructured flow constructs 2. Selection (or alternation): a run-time condition determines the Goto's choice among two or more statements or expressions Sequencing 3. Iteration: a statement is repeated a number of times or until a Selection run-time condition is met Iteration and iterators 4. Procedural abstraction: subroutines encapsulate collections of Recursion statements and subroutine calls can be treated as single Nondeterminacy statements 5. Recursion: subroutines which call themselves directly or indirectly to solve a problem, where the problem is typically defined in terms of simpler versions of itself 6. Concurrency: two or more program fragments executed in parallel, either on separate processors or interleaved on a single processor Note: Study Chapter 6 of the textbook except Section 7. Nondeterminacy: the execution order among alternative 6.6.2. constructs is deliberately left unspecified, indicating that any alternative will lead to a correct result Expression Syntax Expression Evaluation Ordering: Precedence An expression consists of and Associativity An atomic object, e.g. number or variable The use of infix, prefix, and postfix notation leads to ambiguity An operator applied to a collection of operands (or as to what is an operand of what arguments) which are expressions Fortran example: a+b*c**d**e/f Common syntactic forms for operators: The choice among alternative evaluation orders depends on Function call notation, e.g. -
Cognitive Programming Language (CPL) Programmer's Guide
Cognitive Programming Language (CPL) Programmer's Guide 105-008-02 Revision C2 – 3/17/2006 *105-008-02* Copyright © 2006, Cognitive. Cognitive™, Cxi™, and Ci™ are trademarks of Cognitive. Microsoft® and Windows™ are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other product and corporate names used in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies, and are used only for explanation and to their owner’s benefit, without intent to infringe. All information in this document is subject to change without notice, and does not represent a commitment on the part of Cognitive. No part of this document may be reproduced for any reason or in any form, including electronic storage and retrieval, without the express permission of Cognitive. All program listings in this document are copyrighted and are the property of Cognitive and are provided without warranty. To contact Cognitive: Cognitive Solutions, Inc. 4403 Table Mountain Drive Suite A Golden, CO 80403 E-Mail: [email protected] Telephone: +1.800.525.2785 Fax: +1.303.273.1414 Table of Contents Introduction.............................................................................................. 1 Label Format Organization .................................................................. 2 Command Syntax................................................................................ 2 Important Programming Rules............................................................. 3 Related Publications........................................................................... -
A Compiler for a Simple Language. V0.16
Project step 1 – a compiler for a simple language. v0.16 Change log: v0.16, changes from 0.15 Make all push types in compiler actions explicit. Simplified and better documentation of call and callr instruction compiler actions. Let the print statement print characters and numbers. Added a printv statement to print variables. Changed compiler actions for retr to push a variable value, not a literal value. Changes are shown in orange. v0.15, changes from 0.14 Change compiler actions for ret, retr, jmp. Change the description and compiler actions for poke. Change the description for swp. Change the compiler actions for call and callr. Changes shown in green. v0.14, changes from 0.13 Add peek, poke and swp instructions. Change popm compiler actions. Change callr compiler actions. Other small changes to wording. Changes are shown in blue. v0.13, changes from 0.12 Add a count field to subr, call and callr to simplify code generation. Changes are shown in red. v0.12 Changes from 0.11. Added a callr statement that takes a return type. Fix the generated code for this and for call to allow arguments to be pushed by the call. Add a retr that returns a value and update the reg. v0.11: changes from 0.10. Put typing into push operators. Put opcodes for compare operators. fix actions for call. Make declarations reserve a stack location. Remove redundant store instruction (popv does the same thing.) v0.10: changes from 0.0. Comparison operators (cmpe, cmplt, cmpgt) added. jump conditional (jmpc) added. bytecode values added. -
Gnu Smalltalk Library Reference Version 3.2.5 24 November 2017
gnu Smalltalk Library Reference Version 3.2.5 24 November 2017 by Paolo Bonzini Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". 1 3 1 Base classes 1.1 Tree Classes documented in this manual are boldfaced. Autoload Object Behavior ClassDescription Class Metaclass BlockClosure Boolean False True CObject CAggregate CArray CPtr CString CCallable CCallbackDescriptor CFunctionDescriptor CCompound CStruct CUnion CScalar CChar CDouble CFloat CInt CLong CLongDouble CLongLong CShort CSmalltalk CUChar CByte CBoolean CUInt CULong CULongLong CUShort ContextPart 4 GNU Smalltalk Library Reference BlockContext MethodContext Continuation CType CPtrCType CArrayCType CScalarCType CStringCType Delay Directory DLD DumperProxy AlternativeObjectProxy NullProxy VersionableObjectProxy PluggableProxy SingletonProxy DynamicVariable Exception Error ArithmeticError ZeroDivide MessageNotUnderstood SystemExceptions.InvalidValue SystemExceptions.EmptyCollection SystemExceptions.InvalidArgument SystemExceptions.AlreadyDefined SystemExceptions.ArgumentOutOfRange SystemExceptions.IndexOutOfRange SystemExceptions.InvalidSize SystemExceptions.NotFound SystemExceptions.PackageNotAvailable SystemExceptions.InvalidProcessState SystemExceptions.InvalidState -
Programming Basics - FORTRAN 77
CWCS Workshop May 2005 Programming Basics - FORTRAN 77 http://www.physics.nau.edu/~bowman/PHY520/F77tutor/tutorial_77.html Program Organization A FORTRAN program is just a sequence of lines of plain text. This is called the source code. The text has to follow certain rules (syntax) to be a valid FORTRAN program. We start by looking at a simple example: program circle real r, area, pi c This program reads a real number r and prints c the area of a circle with radius r. write (*,*) 'Give radius r:' read (*,*) r pi = atan(1.0e0)*4.0e0 area = pi*r*r write (*,*) 'Area = ', area end A FORTRAN program generally consists of a main program and possibly several subprograms (i.e., functions or subroutines). The structure of a main program is: program name declarations statements end Note: Words that are in italics should not be taken as literal text, but rather as a description of what belongs in their place. FORTRAN is not case-sensitive, so "X" and "x" are the same variable. Blank spaces are ignored in Fortran 77. If you remove all blanks in a Fortran 77 program, the program is still acceptable to a compiler but almost unreadable to humans. Column position rules Fortran 77 is not a free-format language, but has a very strict set of rules for how the source code should be formatted. The most important rules are the column position rules: Col. 1: Blank, or a "c" or "*" for comments Col. 1-5: Blank or statement label Col. 6: Blank or a "+" for continuation of previous line Col. -
Fortran 90 Programmer's Reference
Fortran 90 Programmer’s Reference First Edition Product Number: B3909DB Fortran 90 Compiler for HP-UX Document Number: B3908-90002 October 1998 Edition: First Document Number: B3908-90002 Remarks: Released October 1998. Initial release. Notice Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1998. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this material. Contents Preface . xix New in HP Fortran 90 V2.0. .xx Scope. xxi Notational conventions . xxii Command syntax . xxiii Associated documents . xxiv 1 Introduction to HP Fortran 90 . 1 HP Fortran 90 features . .2 Source format . .2 Data types . .2 Pointers . .3 Arrays . .3 Control constructs . .3 Operators . .4 Procedures. .4 Modules . .5 I/O features . .5 Intrinsics . .6 2 Language elements . 7 Character set . .8 Lexical tokens . .9 Names. .9 Program structure . .10 Statement labels . .10 Statements . .11 Source format of program file . .13 Free source form . .13 Source lines . .14 Statement labels . .14 Spaces . .14 Comments . .15 Statement continuation . .15 Fixed source form . .16 Spaces . .16 Source lines . .16 Table of Contents i INCLUDE line . 19 3 Data types and data objects . 21 Intrinsic data types . 22 Type declaration for intrinsic types . -
Control Flow Graphs • Can Be Done at High Level Or Low Level – E.G., Constant Folding
Optimizations • Code transformations to improve program – Mainly: improve execution time – Also: reduce program size Control Flow Graphs • Can be done at high level or low level – E.g., constant folding • Optimizations must be safe – Execution of transformed code must yield same results as the original code for all possible executions 1 2 Optimization Safety Optimization Safety • Safety of code transformations usually requires certain • Safety of code transformations usually requires certain information that may not be explicit in the code information which may not explicit in the code • Example: dead code elimination • Example: dead code elimination (1) x = y + 1; (1) x = y + 1; (2) y = 2 * z; (2) y = 2 * z; (3) x=y+z;x = y + z; (3) x=y+z;x = y + z; (4) z = 1; (4) z = 1; (5) z = x; (5) z = x; • What statements are dead and can be removed? • Need to know whether values assigned to x at (1) is never used later (i.e., x is dead at statement (1)) – Obvious for this simple example (with no control flow) – Not obvious for complex flow of control 3 4 1 Dead Variable Example Dead Variable Example • Add control flow to example: • Add control flow to example: x = y + 1; x = y + 1; y = 2 * z; y = 2 * z; if (d) x = y+z; if (d) x = y+z; z = 1; z = 1; z = x; z = x; • Statement x = y+1 is not dead code! • Is ‘x = y+1’ dead code? Is ‘z = 1’ dead code? •On some executions, value is used later 5 6 Dead Variable Example Dead Variable Example • Add more control flow: • Add more control flow: while (c) { while (c) { x = y + 1; x = y + 1; y = 2 * z; y = 2 -
The Latest IBM Z COBOL Compiler: Enterprise COBOL V6.2!
The latest IBM Z COBOL compiler: Enterprise COBOL V6.2! Tom Ross Captain COBOL SHARE Providence August 7,2017 1 COBOL V6.2 ? YES! • The 4 th release of the new generation of IBM Z COBOL compilers • Announced: July 17, 2017 • The same day as IBM z14 hardware…coincidence? • GA: September 8, 2017 • Compiler support for the new IBM z14 hardware and IBM z/OS V2.3 • Ability to exploit the new Vector Packed Decimal Facility of z14 • ‘OLD’ news: • COBOL V5 EOM Sept 11, 2017 (announced Dec 6, 2016) • EOS for COBOL V4 ‘might’ be earlier than 2020, still discussing 2 COBOL V6.2 ? What else does it have? • New and changed COBOL statements, such as the new JSON PARSE statement • Support of COBOL 2002/2014 standards with the addition of the COBOL Conditional Compilation language feature • New and changed COBOL options for increased flexibility • Improved compiler listings with compiler messages at the end of the listing as in previous releases of the compiler • Improved interfaces to optional products and tools such as IBM Debug for z Systems (formerly Debug Tool for z/OS) and IBM Application Discovery and Delivery Intelligence (formerly EzSource) • Compile-time and runtime performance enhancements • Improved usability of the compiler in the z/OS UNIX System Services environment 3 Vector Packed Decimal Facility of z14 • Enterprise COBOL V6.2 adds support for exploiting the new Vector Packed Decimal Facility in z14 through the ARCH(12) compiler option. • The Vector Packed Decimal Facility allows the dominant COBOL data types, packed and zoned decimal, to be handled in wide 16-byte vector registers instead of in memory. -
Programming Reference Guide
Programming Reference Guide REFERENCE GUIDE RG-0006-01 1.9 en-US ENGLISH Important User Information Disclaimer The information in this document is for informational purposes only. Please inform HMS Networks of any inaccuracies or omissions found in this document. HMS Networks disclaims any responsibility or liability for any errors that may appear in this document. HMS Networks reserves the right to modify its products in line with its policy of continuous product development. The information in this document shall therefore not be construed as a commitment on the part of HMS Networks and is subject to change without notice. HMS Networks makes no commitment to update or keep current the information in this document. The data, examples and illustrations found in this document are included for illustrative purposes and are only intended to help improve understanding of the functionality and handling of the product. In view of the wide range of possible applications of the product, and because of the many variables and requirements associated with any particular implementation, HMS Networks cannot assume responsibility or liability for actual use based on the data, examples or illustrations included in this document nor for any damages incurred during installation of the product. Those responsible for the use of the product must acquire sufficient knowledge in order to ensure that the product is used correctly in their specific application and that the application meets all performance and safety requirements including any applicable laws, regulations, codes and standards. Further, HMS Networks will under no circumstances assume liability or responsibility for any problems that may arise as a result from the use of undocumented features or functional side effects found outside the documented scope of the product. -
FORTRAN 77 Language Reference
FORTRAN 77 Language Reference FORTRAN 77 Version 5.0 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto, , CA 94303-4900 USA 650 960-1300 fax 650 969-9131 Part No: 805-4939 Revision A, February 1999 Copyright Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303-4900 U.S.A. All rights reserved. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX® system, licensed from Novell, Inc., and from the Berkeley 4.3 BSD system, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and in other countries and is exclusively licensed by X/Open Company Ltd. Third-party software, including font technology in this product, is protected by copyright and licensed from Sun’s suppliers. RESTRICTED RIGHTS: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52.227-14(g)(2)(6/87) and FAR 52.227-19(6/87), or DFAR 252.227-7015(b)(6/95) and DFAR 227.7202-3(a). Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, SunDocs, SunExpress, Solaris, Sun Performance Library, Sun Performance WorkShop, Sun Visual WorkShop, Sun WorkShop, and Sun WorkShop Professional are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and in other countries.