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The World Before and After COVID-19: Intellectual Reflections on Politics, Diplomacy and International Relations

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The World Before and After COVID-19: Intellectual Reflections on Politics, Diplomacy and International Relations THE WORLD BEFORE AND AFTER COVID-19 INTELLECTUAL REFLECTIONS ON POLITICS, DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Gian Luca Gardini (Editor) The world before and after Covid-19 Intellectual reflections on politics, diplomacy and international relations Edited by Gian Luca Gardini Professor of International Relations and Chair of International Business and Society Relations, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany President of the Scientific Committee, European Institute of International Studies Copyright © European Institute of International Studies 2020 Copyright editorial selection and content © Gian Luca Gardini 2020 Copyright individual chapters © Respective authors 2020 All rights reserved. No reproduction or copy of this publication can be made without written permission. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damage. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work. This book is produced in e-format only. Distribution, transmission, circulation, and dissemination of this e-book, quoting the source and author/s are encouraged and free of charge. This includes circulation via social networks and all forms of electronic dissemination as long as these comply with the terms and conditions set above. First published 2020 by European Institute of International Studies Press Salamanca-Stockholm www.ieeiweb.eu European Institute of International Studies Primusgatan 53, 11267 Stockholm, Sweden Instituto Europeo de Estudios Internacionales Av. Agustinos Recoletos 2. CP 37005 Salamanca, Spain ISBN-13 978-84-09-21254-5 (English edition) ISBN-13 978-84-09-21255-2 (Spanish edition) If you print this book or parts of it, do it responsibly, think of the environment. Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... IV Notes on contributors ................................................................................................................ V Introduction: A framework for both analysis and reflection ...................................................... 1 Gian Luca Gardini Section A – Politics, Diplomacy and International Relations 1. Old and new order .......................................................................................................... 7 Antonio Nuñez Garcia Sauco 2. Public diplomacy, soft power and the narratives of Covid-19 in the initial phase of the pandemic ...................................................................................................................... 11 Joan Álvarez 3. Myths and realities of politics, policy-making and the state in times of Covid-19 ...... 15 Gian Luca Gardini 4. Cooperation, the state, and international organizations ............................................... 19 Helena Carreiras and Andrés Malamud 5. A world (order) turned upside down? .......................................................................... 23 Jorge Heine 6. The politics of the BRICS amidst the pandemic .......................................................... 28 Amrita Narlikar 7. How shall we then live? On global politics and living in a coronavirus age .............. 32 Scott M. Thomas 8. Covid-19, geopolitics and the new balance of power .................................................. 36 Jesús R. Argumosa Pila 9. Covid-19 and the digitalisation of diplomacy .............................................................. 40 Shaun Riordan 10. The subjects of Public International Law and Covid-19 .............................................. 44 Adriano Spedaletti I 11. The need for a new governance in health: The role of the World Health Organization ...................................................................................................................................... 48 Diego Bernardini 12. Covid-19 and the enduring relevance of political and IR theory ................................. 52 Gian Luca Gardini Section B – Economy, Business and International Trade 13. International economic outlook in times of Covid-19 - A SWOT analysis - ............... 57 Alejandro Garofali 14. Covid-19 and international trade .................................................................................. 61 Lourdes Gabriela Daza Aramayo and Marek Vokoun 15. Companies’ strategies in downturns ............................................................................ 65 Juan A. Máñez, María E. Rochina Barrachina and Juan A. Sanchis Llopis 16. Emerging economies and the Covid-19 crisis .............................................................. 70 Gaston Fornes and Javier Rovira 17. Banking in the time of plague ...................................................................................... 74 Paul Jackson Section C – National and Regional Perspectives 18. The Covid-19 crisis and the United States ................................................................... 80 Andreas Falke 19. China after the pandemics ............................................................................................ 84 Cátia Miriam Costa 20. Spain: similarities with and differences from the European environment ................... 88 Walther L. Bernecker 21. Italy: The pandemic has come from afar ...................................................................... 93 Sergio Noto 22. Policy responses to the coronavirus in Germany ......................................................... 97 Tim Büthe, Luca Messerschmidt and Cindy Cheng 23. Covid-19 and South Korea ......................................................................................... 103 Jae Sung Kwak II 24. Brazil: pandemic, populism, and international decay ................................................ 107 Maria Hermínia Tavares de Almeida 25. Covid-19 and the European Union: A crisis of values ............................................... 111 Mario Torres Jarrín 26. Covid-19, the EU mobilisation and solidarity, and compared regionalism ............... 115 Gian Luca Gardini 27. The coronavirus: another poverty trap for Latin America ......................................... 120 Carolina Chica Builes Section D - Health, Medicine, Biology, and Psychology 28. Humanity ruled by a virus .......................................................................................... 125 Raúl Giunta 29. Re-thinking humanness in light of Covid-19 ............................................................. 130 Mark Bowmaker 30. A pandemic of panic…and hope. A journey from hopelessness to a new start ......... 134 Davide Bertorelli Epilogue: Recognising the essential ....................................................................................... 139 José Antonio Calvo Gómez III Acknowledgements I would firstly like to thank the European Institute of International Studies (EIIS) for supporting me in this endeavour. Thank you to Antonio and Mario for accepting enthusiastically the idea and nature of this book. Thanks go to José Antonio for his help with the technicalities of the publication process and copyright issues. I would also like to express my gratitude to my staff at the Chair of International Business and Society Relations at the School of Economics, Business and Social Sciences (WISO) at Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg. The help, hard work, and professionalism of Barbara Häfner, Jaime León González, Julia Herrmann, Sandra Zapata, and Helen Weiß has been invaluable during these months of coronavirus restrictions and in the preparation of this book. Special thanks to Helen for the design of the cover page and to Jaime for the layout. Thanks go to Mark, Scott, and Andreas for the many early conversations on the coronavirus and the future ahead of us that have prompted me to undertake this book project. I am indebted to Carolina, Sandra, Jaime, Shaun, Kate, Mark, and Barbara Häfner for helping with the final reading of the chapters. I would like to thank my family and friends, in Nuremberg and around the world, for their closeness during the lockdown. Your support made these months a very enriching period in spite of the adversity. Finally, a big thank you to all the authors for their intellectual reflections and contribution as well as for meeting very tight deadlines and responding promptly and with kindness to all requests. The ideas and arguments expressed in each chapter are the sole responsibility of the author/s and do not necessarily reflect the position of the publisher or the editor. The latter takes responsibility for any mistake or omission in the text. Gian Luca Gardini Nuremberg, May 2020 IV Notes on contributors The editor Gian Luca Gardini is Professor of International Relations and Chair of International Business and Society Relations at Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. He is the President of the Scientific Committee of the European Institute of International Studies. The contributors Joan Álvarez Valencia is Director of the Chair of Cultural Diplomacy at the EIIS. He has been director of the Instituto Cervantes in Stockholm and Casablanca and founder and director of the Foundation for Audiovisual Research at the Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo. Jesús R. Argumosa Pila is Director of the Chair for Strategic Studies of the European Institute of International Studies. He was Chief of Strategy and Military Cooperation Division, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Head of the National High School for Defence Studies,
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