Working with Editors
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Introduction to Unix
Introduction to Unix Rob Funk <[email protected]> University Technology Services Workstation Support http://wks.uts.ohio-state.edu/ University Technology Services Course Objectives • basic background in Unix structure • knowledge of getting started • directory navigation and control • file maintenance and display commands • shells • Unix features • text processing University Technology Services Course Objectives Useful commands • working with files • system resources • printing • vi editor University Technology Services In the Introduction to UNIX document 3 • shell programming • Unix command summary tables • short Unix bibliography (also see web site) We will not, however, be covering these topics in the lecture. Numbers on slides indicate page number in book. University Technology Services History of Unix 7–8 1960s multics project (MIT, GE, AT&T) 1970s AT&T Bell Labs 1970s/80s UC Berkeley 1980s DOS imitated many Unix ideas Commercial Unix fragmentation GNU Project 1990s Linux now Unix is widespread and available from many sources, both free and commercial University Technology Services Unix Systems 7–8 SunOS/Solaris Sun Microsystems Digital Unix (Tru64) Digital/Compaq HP-UX Hewlett Packard Irix SGI UNICOS Cray NetBSD, FreeBSD UC Berkeley / the Net Linux Linus Torvalds / the Net University Technology Services Unix Philosophy • Multiuser / Multitasking • Toolbox approach • Flexibility / Freedom • Conciseness • Everything is a file • File system has places, processes have life • Designed by programmers for programmers University Technology Services -
The Community Is the Infrastructure: a Short Discussion of the Petsc Community
The Community is the Infrastructure: A Short Discussion of the PETSc Community Mark Adams1, Jed Brown2, Satish Balay3, Victor Eijkhout4, Jacob Faibussowitsch5, Fande Kong6, Matthew Knepley7, Scott Kruger8, Oana Marin3, Richard Tran Mills3, Todd Munson3, Patrick Sanan9, Barry F. Smith10, Hong Zhang11, Hong Zhang3, and Junchao Zhang3 1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2University of Colorado at Boulder 3Argonne National Laboratory 4The University of Texas at Austin 5University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 6Idaho National Laboratory 7University of New York at Buffalo 8Tech-X Corporation 9ETH Zurich 10Argonne Associate, Argonne National Laboratory 11Illinois Institute of Technology July 5, 2021 Abstract Hard and soft infrastructure work in tandem to accomplish a particular enterprise. Soft infras- tructure { the formal and informal culture, institutions, standards, practices, and procedures that support an enterprise { is often more important to human endeavors than hard infrastructure. For example, a highway system's hard infrastructure (e.g., the roads) could not satisfy its enterprise { effective transportation | without the corresponding soft infrastructure of regulations, policing, driver habits, maintenance crews, and so forth. The relative cost and importance of the different aspects of infrastructure evolves, particularly during the development stages, from planning, to construction, to commissioning, operation, maintenance, and upgrading. The design, development, support, and dissemination of computer software is an archetypal example of soft infrastructure, regularly being the tail that wags the dog of computer hardware (prototypical hard infrastructure). Quantifying soft infrastructure is more difficult than hard in- frastructure. Thus, it is often ignored or under-emphasized when analyzing or proposing changes to human-developed systems. In particular, government understanding and funding of scientific soft infrastructure lags well behind that of hard infrastructure (for example, experimental devices such as accelerators). -
Bedtools Documentation Release 2.30.0
Bedtools Documentation Release 2.30.0 Quinlan lab @ Univ. of Utah Jan 23, 2021 Contents 1 Tutorial 3 2 Important notes 5 3 Interesting Usage Examples 7 4 Table of contents 9 5 Performance 169 6 Brief example 173 7 License 175 8 Acknowledgments 177 9 Mailing list 179 i ii Bedtools Documentation, Release 2.30.0 Collectively, the bedtools utilities are a swiss-army knife of tools for a wide-range of genomics analysis tasks. The most widely-used tools enable genome arithmetic: that is, set theory on the genome. For example, bedtools allows one to intersect, merge, count, complement, and shuffle genomic intervals from multiple files in widely-used genomic file formats such as BAM, BED, GFF/GTF, VCF. While each individual tool is designed to do a relatively simple task (e.g., intersect two interval files), quite sophisticated analyses can be conducted by combining multiple bedtools operations on the UNIX command line. bedtools is developed in the Quinlan laboratory at the University of Utah and benefits from fantastic contributions made by scientists worldwide. Contents 1 Bedtools Documentation, Release 2.30.0 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 Tutorial We have developed a fairly comprehensive tutorial that demonstrates both the basics, as well as some more advanced examples of how bedtools can help you in your research. Please have a look. 3 Bedtools Documentation, Release 2.30.0 4 Chapter 1. Tutorial CHAPTER 2 Important notes • As of version 2.28.0, bedtools now supports the CRAM format via the use of htslib. Specify the reference genome associated with your CRAM file via the CRAM_REFERENCE environment variable. -
07 07 Unixintropart2 Lucio Week 3
Unix Basics Command line tools Daniel Lucio Overview • Where to use it? • Command syntax • What are commands? • Where to get help? • Standard streams(stdin, stdout, stderr) • Pipelines (Power of combining commands) • Redirection • More Information Introduction to Unix Where to use it? • Login to a Unix system like ’kraken’ or any other NICS/ UT/XSEDE resource. • Download and boot from a Linux LiveCD either from a CD/DVD or USB drive. • http://www.puppylinux.com/ • http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/index-en.html • http://www.ubuntu.com/ Introduction to Unix Where to use it? • Install Cygwin: a collection of tools which provide a Linux look and feel environment for Windows. • http://cygwin.com/index.html • https://newton.utk.edu/bin/view/Main/Workshop0InstallingCygwin • Online terminal emulator • http://bellard.org/jslinux/ • http://cb.vu/ • http://simpleshell.com/ Introduction to Unix Command syntax $ command [<options>] [<file> | <argument> ...] Example: cp [-R [-H | -L | -P]] [-fi | -n] [-apvX] source_file target_file Introduction to Unix What are commands? • An executable program (date) • A command built into the shell itself (cd) • A shell program/function • An alias Introduction to Unix Bash commands (Linux) alias! crontab! false! if! mknod! ram! strace! unshar! apropos! csplit! fdformat! ifconfig! more! rcp! su! until! apt-get! cut! fdisk! ifdown! mount! read! sudo! uptime! aptitude! date! fg! ifup! mtools! readarray! sum! useradd! aspell! dc! fgrep! import! mtr! readonly! suspend! userdel! awk! dd! file! install! mv! reboot! symlink! -
Roof Rail Airbag Folding Technique in LS-Prepost ® Using Dynfold Option
14th International LS-DYNA Users Conference Session: Modeling Roof Rail Airbag Folding Technique in LS-PrePost® Using DynFold Option Vijay Chidamber Deshpande GM India – Tech Center Wenyu Lian General Motors Company, Warren Tech Center Amit Nair Livermore Software Technology Corporation Abstract A requirement to reduce vehicle development timelines is making engineers strive to limit lead times in analytical simulations. Airbags play a crucial role in the passive safety crash analysis. Hence they need to be designed, developed and folded for CAE applications within a short span of time. Therefore a method/procedure to fold the airbag efficiently is of utmost importance. In this study the RRAB (Roof Rail AirBag) folding is carried out in LS-PrePost® by DynFold option. It is purely a simulation based folding technique, which can be solved in LS-DYNA®. In this paper we discuss in detail the RRAB folding process and tools/methods to make this effective. The objective here is to fold the RRAB to include modifications in the RRAB, efficiently and realistically using common analysis tools ( LS-DYNA & LS-PrePost), without exploring a third party tool , thus reducing the turnaround time. Introduction To meet the regulatory and consumer metrics requirements, multiple design iterations are required using advanced CAE simulation models for the various safety load cases. One of the components that requires frequent changes is the roof rail airbag (RRAB). After any changes to the geometry or pattern in the airbag have been made, the airbag needs to be folded back to its design position. Airbag folding is available in a few pre-processors; however, there are some folding patterns that are difficult to be folded using the pre-processor folding modules. -
Unix Programmer's Manual
There is no warranty of merchantability nor any warranty of fitness for a particu!ar purpose nor any other warranty, either expressed or imp!ied, a’s to the accuracy of the enclosed m~=:crials or a~ Io ~helr ,~.ui~::~::.j!it’/ for ~ny p~rficu~ar pur~.~o~e. ~".-~--, ....-.re: " n~ I T~ ~hone Laaorator es 8ssumg$ no rO, p::::nS,-,,.:~:y ~or their use by the recipient. Furln=,, [: ’ La:::.c:,:e?o:,os ~:’urnes no ob~ja~tjon ~o furnish 6ny a~o,~,,..n~e at ~ny k:nd v,,hetsoever, or to furnish any additional jnformstjcn or documenta’tjon. UNIX PROGRAMMER’S MANUAL F~ifth ~ K. Thompson D. M. Ritchie June, 1974 Copyright:.©d972, 1973, 1974 Bell Telephone:Laboratories, Incorporated Copyright © 1972, 1973, 1974 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated This manual was set by a Graphic Systems photo- typesetter driven by the troff formatting program operating under the UNIX system. The text of the manual was prepared using the ed text editor. PREFACE to the Fifth Edition . The number of UNIX installations is now above 50, and many more are expected. None of these has exactly the same complement of hardware or software. Therefore, at any particular installa- tion, it is quite possible that this manual will give inappropriate information. The authors are grateful to L. L. Cherry, L. A. Dimino, R. C. Haight, S. C. Johnson, B. W. Ker- nighan, M. E. Lesk, and E. N. Pinson for their contributions to the system software, and to L. E. McMahon for software and for his contributions to this manual. -
Counting Mountain-Valley Assignments for Flat Folds
Counting Mountain-Valley Assignments for Flat Folds∗ Thomas Hull Department of Mathematics Merrimack College North Andover, MA 01845 Abstract We develop a combinatorial model of paperfolding for the pur- poses of enumeration. A planar embedding of a graph is called a crease pattern if it represents the crease lines needed to fold a piece of paper into something. A flat fold is a crease pattern which lies flat when folded, i.e. can be pressed in a book without crumpling. Given a crease pattern C =(V,E), a mountain-valley (MV) assignment is a function f : E → {M,V} which indicates which crease lines are con- vex and which are concave, respectively. A MV assignment is valid if it doesn’t force the paper to self-intersect when folded. We examine the problem of counting the number of valid MV assignments for a given crease pattern. In particular we develop recursive functions that count the number of valid MV assignments for flat vertex folds, crease patterns with only one vertex in the interior of the paper. We also provide examples, especially those of Justin, that illustrate the difficulty of the general multivertex case. 1 Introduction The study of origami, the art and process of paperfolding, includes many arXiv:1410.5022v1 [math.CO] 19 Oct 2014 interesting geometric and combinatorial problems. (See [3] and [6] for more background.) In origami mathematics, a fold refers to any folded paper object, independent of the number of folds done in sequence. The crease pattern of a fold is a planar embedding of a graph which represents the creases that are used in the final folded object. -
Chapter 4 Editors and Debugging Systems
Chapter 4 Editors and Debugging Systems This Chapter gives you… Text editors Interactive Debugging Systems 4.0 Introduction An Interactive text editor has become an important part of almost any computing environment. Text editor acts as a primary interface to the computer for all type of “knowledge workers” as they compose, organize, study, and manipulate computer-based information. An interactive debugging system provides programmers with facilities that aid in testing and debugging of programs. Many such systems are available during these days. Our discussion is broad in scope, giving the overview of interactive debugging systems – not specific to any particular existing system. 4.1 Text Editors An Interactive text editor has become an important part of almost any computing environment. Text editor acts as a primary interface to the computer for all type of “knowledge workers” as they compose, organize, study, and manipulate computer-based information. A text editor allows you to edit a text file (create, modify etc…). For example the Interactive text editors on Windows OS - Notepad, WordPad, Microsoft Word, and text editors on UNIX OS - vi, emacs, jed, pico. Normally, the common editing features associated with text editors are, Moving the cursor, Deleting, Replacing, Pasting, Searching, Searching and replacing, Saving and loading, and, Miscellaneous(e.g. quitting). 4.1.1 Overview of the editing process An interactive editor is a computer program that allows a user to create and revise a target document. Document includes objects such as computer diagrams, text, equations tables, diagrams, line art, and photographs. Here we restrict to text editors, where character strings are the primary elements of the target text. -
Produktinformation LS 373, LS
Product Information LS 373 LS 383 Incremental Linear Encoders 04/2021 LS 300 series (46) 88 K 1±0.3 80 CL 3 74 32 13 5.3 5 0.05/13 A A K 12 18 18 ±5 P M4 4 P ±5 0.3 5.5 3 5.5 ± 0.1/80 F K 0 0.1 F K K 1) 2) 0.03 Specifications LS 383 LS 373 Measuring standard Glass scale –6 –1 ML+105 Coefficient of linear expansion Þtherm 8 · 10 K 5.5 (ML+94) ±0.4 K Accuracy grade ±5 µm 40±20 0.1 F K 65±20 P P 6 Measuring length ML* 70 120 170 220 270 320 370 420 470 520 570 620 670 720 in mm 770 820 870 920 970 1020 1140 1240 16.3 (26.3) Reference marks LS 3x3: 1 reference mark in the middle 4.8 LS 3x3 C: distance-coded SW8 4 0.1/80 F 4 0±2 4.5 K The LS 477 and LS 487 are available as 4.3 SW8 12 56 Interface C replacement devices on short notice. 1 VPP TTL ML Signal period 20 µm Cable with metal armor: LS 383, LS 373 PUR cable: LS 477, LS 487 Integrated interpolation – 1-fold 5-fold 10-fold 20-fold Measuring step – 5 µm 1 µm 0.5 µm 0.25 µm 4 8.5 12 56 7.3 Supply voltage 5 V ±0.25 V/< 150 mA F = Machine guideway 88 CL 97.5 Without load ML = Measuring length 115 P = Measuring point for mounting = 0 to ML Electrical connection PUR cable and PUR cable with metal armor; cable outlet to the right on the mounting block C = Cable CL = Cable length 127 Cable length 3 m, 6 m K = Required mating dimensions PUR cable with metal armor: LS 477, LS 487 Connecting element 15-pin D-sub connector (male) 15-pin D-sub connector (male) 15-pin D-sub connector (female) 9-pin D-sub connector (male) 12-pin M23 connector (male) 12-pin M23 connector (male) Traversing speed 60 m/min Required moving force 5 N Vibration 55 Hz to 2000 Hz 100 m/s2 Shock 6 ms 200 m/s2 Operating temperature 0 °C to 50 °C Protection IEC 60529 IP53 Mass without cable 0.3 kg + 0.57 kg/m of measuring length * Please select when ordering 1) The LS 487 is also available through the HEIDENHAIN Service department on short notice. -
Co-Ordination of the Nuclear Reaction Data Centers
XA9743324 Internotional Atomic Energy Agency INDC(NDS)-360 Distr. G,NC I N DC INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR DATA COMMITTEE Co-ordination of the Nuclear Reaction Data Centers Report on an IAEA Advisory Group Meeting hosted by the U.S. National Nuclear Data Center on behalf of the U.S. Government Brookhaven, 3-7 June 1996 Edited by O. Schwerer and H.D. Lemmel November 1996 IAEA NUCLEAR DATA SECTION, WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, A-1400 VIENNA Printed by the IAEA in Austria November 1996 INDC(NDS)-360 Distr. G,NC Co-ordination of the Nuclear Reaction Data Centers Report on an IAEA Advisory Group Meeting hosted by the U.S. National Nuclear Data Center on behalf of the U.S. Government Brookhaven, 3-7 June 1996 Abstract: This report summarizes the 1996 co-ordination meeting in Brookhaven, U.S.A., of the national and regional nuclear reaction data centers, convened by the IAEA at regular intervals. The main topics are - the international exchange of nuclear reaction data by means of the "EXFOR" system, and the further development of this system, the "CINDA" system as an international index and bibliography to neutron reaction data, the sharing of the workload for speedy and reliable nuclear data compilation and data center services, the exchange and documentation of evaluated data libraries in "ENDF" format, the rapid advances of online electronic information technologies, with the goal of rendering data center services to data users in IAEA Member States by means of computer retrievals, online services and printed materials. The scope of data covers microscopic cross-sections and related parameters of nuclear reactions induced by neutrons, charged-particles and photons. -
Gnu Coreutils Core GNU Utilities for Version 6.9, 22 March 2007
gnu Coreutils Core GNU utilities for version 6.9, 22 March 2007 David MacKenzie et al. This manual documents version 6.9 of the gnu core utilities, including the standard pro- grams for text and file manipulation. Copyright c 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1 Introduction This manual is a work in progress: many sections make no attempt to explain basic concepts in a way suitable for novices. Thus, if you are interested, please get involved in improving this manual. The entire gnu community will benefit. The gnu utilities documented here are mostly compatible with the POSIX standard. Please report bugs to [email protected]. Remember to include the version number, machine architecture, input files, and any other information needed to reproduce the bug: your input, what you expected, what you got, and why it is wrong. Diffs are welcome, but please include a description of the problem as well, since this is sometimes difficult to infer. See section \Bugs" in Using and Porting GNU CC. This manual was originally derived from the Unix man pages in the distributions, which were written by David MacKenzie and updated by Jim Meyering. -
SAS on Unix/Linux- from the Terminal to GUI
SAS on Unix/Linux- from the terminal to GUI. L Gakava & S Kannan – October 2015 Agenda All about the terminal o Customising your terminal o Basic Linux terminal commands o Running SAS in non-interactive mode o Available SAS file editors o What to look out for on Unix/Linux platform All about Graphical User Interface (GUI) o Launching SAS GUI. o Changing SAS default behaviour o SAS ToolBox commands o SAS editor commands. Motivation - Why Use SAS On Unix/Linux? Using SAS on UNIX/Linux Platform o Company migrating to UNIX/Linux o Joining a company which is using SAS on the Linux platform Challenge Too many commands to learn! Why Use SAS On Unix/Linux o Customising Linux sessions will ensure you increase work efficiency by taking advantage of the imbedded Linux tools. In general transferring and running large files will be quicker in Linux compared to PC*. Terminal What to expect when you login? % pwd /home/username % ls Customise: Update .bashrc file with this line PS1='$IV $PWD$EE> ' will change your prompt to show the following: /home/username> Terminal Navigation Command Meaning ls list files and directories ls -a list all files and directories mkdir make a directory cd directory change to named directory cd change to home-directory cd ~ change to home-directory cd .. change to parent directory Terminal Navigation Command Meaning cp file1 file2 copy file1 and call it file2 mv file1 file2 move or rename file1 to file2 rm file remove a file rmdir directory remove a directory cat file display a file less file display a file a page at a time head file display the first few lines of a file tail file display the last few lines of a file grep 'keyword' file search a file for keywords count number of lines/words/ wc file characters in file Terminal useful commands How do you find out if a version of a file has changed? /home/username>diff file1.txt file2.txt Command to compare two files.