Release and Establishment of the Little Decapitating Fly Pseudacteon

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Release and Establishment of the Little Decapitating Fly Pseudacteon Release and Establishment of the Little Decapitating Fly Pseudacteon cultellatus (Diptera: Phoridae) on Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Florida Author(s): Sanford D. Porter, Vivek Kumar, Luis A. Calcaterra, Juan A. Briano and Dakshina R. Seal Source: Florida Entomologist, 96(4):1567-1573. 2013. Published By: Florida Entomological Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.096.0440 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1653/024.096.0440 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Porter et al.: A New Fire Ant Decapitating Fly in Florida 1567 RELEASE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE LITTLE DECAPITATING FLY PSEUDACTEON CULTELLATUS (DIPTERA: PHORIDAE) ON IMPORTED FIRE ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) IN FLORIDA SANFORD D. PORTER1,*, VIVEK KUMAR2,4, LUIS A. CALCATERRA3, JUAN A. BRIANO3 AND DAKSHINA R. SEAL2 1Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA 2Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280th St, Homestead, FL 33031, USA 3Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas, Bolívar 1559 (B1686EFA) Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4Current Address: Mid-Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, 2725, S. Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703, USA *Corresponding Author; E-mail: [email protected] Supplementary material for this article in Florida Entomologist 96(4) (2013) is online at http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/entomologist/browse ABSTRACT The little decapitating fly Pseudacteon cultellatus Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae) from Ar- gentina was released as a self-sustaining biological control agent against the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Florida to parasitize small fire ant workers associated with multiple-queen colonies. This fly appears to be established at 2 of 5 release sites, but populations still remain very low () 1% of total Pseudacteon flies) and localized more than 2 yr after their release. Further releases of P. cultellatus in the United States should be limited to a few additional sites in different habitats or climatic regions where this fly might be more successful. Key Words: Solenopsis invicta, biological control, field release RESUMEN La mosca pequeña decapitadora Pseudacteon cultellatus Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae) de Argentina fue liberada como un agente de control biológico autosustentable contra la hor- miga de fuego importada, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), en Florida para parasitar obreras pequeñas de esta hormiga asociadas a colonias con múltiples reinas. Esta mosca parece estar establecida en dos de los cinco sitios de liberación, pero la pobla- ción sigue siendo muy baja () 1% del total de las moscas liberadas) y focalizada más de dos años después de su liberación. Nuevas liberaciones de P. cultellatus en los Estados Unidos deberían estar limitadas a unos pocos sitios adicionales en diferentes hábitats o regiones climáticas donde esta mosca podría ser más exitosa. Palabras Clave: Solenopsis invicta, control biológico, liberaciones de campo Imported fire ants (Solenopsis spp.; Hymenop- selected for release as a self-sustaining biological tera: Formicidae) in North America have popula- control agent for imported Solenopsis fire ants in tion densities 5-10 times higher than those nor- the United States because this species parasit- mally found in their South American homelands izes the smallest sizes of fire ant workers. Small (Porter et al. 1992, 1997). Escape from numerous fire ant workers are the most abundant size class natural enemies left behind in South America is in fire ant colonies, especially in young colonies a likely reason for intercontinental differences in (Porter & Tschinkel 1985a, 1985b) and in mul- fire ant abundance (Porter et al. 1997). tiple-queen or “polygyne” colonies (Greenberg et The little decapitating fly (Pseudacteon cultel- al. 1985). Polygyne fire ant colonies are found in latus Borgmeier; Diptera: Phoridae; Fig. 1) was about 10-15% of the imported fire ant range in the 1568 Florida Entomologist 96(4) December 2013 Fig. 1. Male and female Pseudacteon cultellatus decapitating flies (left). A posterior view of the ovipositor (right) by which female flies are easily identified (Porter & Pesquero 2001). The male can be distinguished in the United States by its small size, triangular anal tube, and a dark-brown hairy antenna with a narrow curved apical exten- sion. The gray scale line is 0.5 mm (left) and 0.2 mm (right). United States, except in Texas where 50% of the al. 2008; Porter & Calcaterra 2013), and Pseudac- state has multiple-queen fire ants (Porter et al. teon nocens Borgmeier (Plowes et al. 2012). 1991; Porter 1992; Porter et al. 1992). The objective of this paper is to document the Like other Pseudacteon flies, when P. cultella- release of P. cultellatus, a sixth species of fire ant tus maggots are ready to pupate, they decapitate decapitating fly, at 5 sites in Florida and the es- their host workers and use the newly emptied tablishment of this fly at 2 of these sites. host head capsules as pupal cases (Porter 1998). All Pseudacteon species that attack fire ants, MATERIALS AND METHODS including P. cultellatus, appear to be specific to Solenopsis fire ants (Porter & Gilbert 2004; SDP The original P. cultellatus flies used in this unpublished data). study were collected in Dec 2006 from a marsh The natural geographic range of P. cultella- area along the Parana River (~2,700 flies) about tus in South America is from Buenos Aires, Ar- 20 km NE of Corrientes, Argentina (S 27.371° W gentina, north through Corrientes, Argentina, 58.687°) and from a picnic/camping area (~2,000 then northeast into Brazil through the states flies) about 20 km SE of Corrientes (S 27.559° W of Parana and São Paulo to the states of Minas 58.725°). Most of the host ants at these sites were Gerais and Goias (Patrock et al. 2009). In South S. invicta, but local biotypes of S. invicta were America, this species is known to attack both red probably not as similar to US biotypes as those and black fire ants (i.e.; Solenopsis invicta Buren found further north along the Paraguay River in and Solenopsis richteri Forel) and probably So- the province of Formosa (Ascunce et al. 2011). Im- lenopsis saevissima F. Smith as well. The most mature stages of P. cultellatus were carried to a abundant populations were found in gaps in sub- USDA quarantine facility in Gainesville, Florida tropical gallery forest habitats (Calcaterra et al. in parasitized hosts accompanied by an Argen- 2005). The climatic preferences of P. cultellatus tine export permit (DFS N°19517) and a USDA/ flies are rather broad ranging from tropical to APHIS import permit (#64943). temperate; consequently, its potential range in Prior to field release in 2010, the flies were the United States could be anywhere imported mass reared on red imported fire ants from the fire ants are found. United States using large attack boxes (1 m wide Five species of phorid decapitating flies have × 2-2.5 m long × 0.7 m high) with either 8 or 14 been released and established as fire ant biocon- smaller attack trays similar to those described trol agents in the United States: Pseudacteon by Vogt et al. (2003) except that humidity was tricuspis Borgmeier (Callcott et al. 2011), Pseu- controlled by a vaporizer in a chamber mounted dacteon curvatus Borgmeier (Callcott et al. 2011), under the attack chamber. Every morning, new Pseudacteon litoralis Borgmeier (Porter et al. flies emerged from pupation trays directly into 2011), Pseudacteon obtusus Borgmeier, (Gilbert et the attack chamber where they could parasitize emergence ofthe flieslongerthanwasdesirable. peratures (15-20 °C)intheearlyspringdelayed Also, coolgroundtem- the coolerbox anditslid. release fliesweretrappedin thecrackbetween ments becauseaboutonequarter ofthe13,600 implementation ofthismethod neededimprove- the methoddescribedbyPlowes etal.(2012).Our solated boxwithanexitpipe inthetopsimilarto was donebyburying 1) release(Table etal.2006).The2011 Vazquez curvatus P. in parasitizedantsaswaspreviouslydonewith 1)usedlarvae 4 releasesconductedin2010(Table The drought orhotweather(Plowesetal.2011). ensure refugiaforthefireantsandfliesincaseof as possibletobushes,trees,andwatersources releases wereconductedusingmoundsasclose The siteswereallinopendisturbedareas,but like thoseassociatedwithpolygynecolonies. m2; Macom&Porter1996)withsmallworkers lations offireants(probably1500-3000workers/ Sites wereselectedwhichcontainedlargepopu- 1). Florida beginninginthespringof2010(Table tary Materialabove). were activeintheholdingbox(seeSupplemen- darkened nestsfortheworkerssofewer
Recommended publications
  • Phorid Fly, Pseudacteon Tricuspis, Response to Alkylpyrazine Analogs
    Journal of Insect Physiology 57 (2011) 939–944 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Insect Physiology jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jinsphys Phorid fly, Pseudacteon tricuspis, response to alkylpyrazine analogs of a fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, alarm pheromone a b a, Kavita Sharma , Robert K. Vander Meer , Henry Y. Fadamiro * a Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA b Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: The phorid fly, Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier, is a parasitoid of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis Received 11 February 2011 invicta Buren. This fly has been reported to use fire ant chemicals, specifically venom alkaloids and Received in revised form 5 April 2011 possibly alarm pheromone to locate its host. A recent study identified 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethyl pyrazine as a Accepted 7 April 2011 component of the alarm pheromone of S. invicta. To determine the possible involvement of this fire ant alarm pheromone component in mediating fire ant-phorid fly interactions, we tested electroantenno- Keywords: gram (EAG) and behavioral responses of P. tricuspis females to the commercially available mixture of 2- Pseudacteon tricuspis ethyl-3,6-dimethyl pyrazine and its 3,5-dimethyl isomer, as well as six structurally related alkylpyrazine Solenopsis invicta analogs at varying doses. Pseudacteon tricuspis females showed significant EAG response to 2-ethyl- Electroantennogram (EAG) Olfactometer 3,6(or 5)-dimethyl pyrazine (herein referred to as pheromone-isomer) at all doses, 0.001–10 mg.
    [Show full text]
  • Range Expansion of the Fire Ant Decapitating Fly, Pseudacteon Tricuspis, Eight to Nine Years After Releases in North Florida
    536 Florida Entomologist 89(4) December 2006 RANGE EXPANSION OF THE FIRE ANT DECAPITATING FLY, PSEUDACTEON TRICUSPIS, EIGHT TO NINE YEARS AFTER RELEASES IN NORTH FLORIDA ROBERTO M. PEREIRA AND SANFORD D. PORTER Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida, 32608, USA Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier (Diptera: tions where fire ants were abundant. Geographi- Phoridae) was the first decapitating fly species re- cal coordinates of the surveyed locations were de- leased in the United States as a biological control termined with GPS equipment (GPS V, Garmin In- agent against imported Solenopsis fire ants. ternational, Inc., Olathe, KS), and survey loca- Early releases were made in and around Gaines- tions were mapped by ArcGIS (ESRI, Redlands, ville, FL on several occasions between Jul 1997 CA). and Nov 1999. The flies originated from collec- In Nov 2005, P. tricuspis were observed in tions made in Jaguariúna, State of São Paulo, East-Central Florida in Seminole Co. near San- Brazil in 1996 (Porter & Alonso 1999; Porter et al. ford, FL, at a distance of approximately 145 km 2004). Release methods varied and flies were ei- from the release sites around Gainesville (Fig. 1). ther introduced into the field as adult flies or as This represents an average expansion rate of ap- immatures in parasitized fire ant workers. By the proximately 26 km/year since the fall of 2001. In fall of 2001, the decapitating flies had expanded the northeast direction from the release sites, 35-60 km from the release sites, and occupied ap- flies were observed up to 275 km away, close to the proximately 8100 km2 (Porter et al.
    [Show full text]
  • PARASITISMO NATURAL E ABUNDÂNCIA DE FORÍDEOS PARASITOIDES DE Atta Sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) EM ÁREAS DE VEGETAÇÃO NATURAL E AGRÍCOLAS
    PARASITISMO NATURAL E ABUNDÂNCIA DE FORÍDEOS PARASITOIDES DE Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) EM ÁREAS DE VEGETAÇÃO NATURAL E AGRÍCOLAS ALEXANDRE ROGER DE ARAÚJO GALVÃO UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE FLUMINENSE DARCY RIBEIRO CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES - RJ ABRIL - 2016 PARASITISMO NATURAL E ABUNDÂNCIA DE FORÍDEOS PARASITOIDES DE Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) EM ÁREAS DE VEGETAÇÃO NATURAL E AGRÍCOLAS ALEXANDRE ROGER DE ARAÚJO GALVÃO Dissertação apresentada ao Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestrado em Produção Vegetal. Orientador: Prof.Dr.Omar Eduardo Bailez CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES – RJ ABRIL– 2016 1 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Preparada pela Biblioteca do CCTA / UENF 129/2016 Galvão, Alexandre Roger de Araújo Parasitismo natural e abundância de forídeos parasitoides de Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Formicidade) em áreas de vegetação natural e agrícolas / Alexandre Roger de Araújo Galvão. – Campos dos Goytacazes, 2016. 82 f. : il. Dissertação (Mestrado em Produção Vegetal) -- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias. Laboratório de Fitopatologia e Entomologia. Campos dos Goytacazes, 2016. Orientador: Omar Eduardo Bailez. Área de concentração: Comportamento de Insetos Bibliografia: f. 63-80. 1. MYRMOSICARIUS 2. APOCEPHALUS 3. EIBESFELDTPHORA 4. FORMIGA CORTADEIRA 5. RAZÃO SEXUAL I. Universidade Estadual
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Red Imported Fire
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2014 Biological Control of Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) Using Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae) in Central Arkansas Sim Mckague Barrow University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Barrow, Sim Mckague, "Biological Control of Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) Using Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae) in Central Arkansas" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 2058. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2058 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Biological Control of Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) Using Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae) in Central Arkansas Biological Control of Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) Using Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae) in Central Arkansas A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology by Sim McKague Barrow Arkansas Tech University Bachelor of Science in Fisheries and Wildlife Biology, 2011 December 2014 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ______________________________ Dr. Kelly M. Loftin Thesis Director ______________________________ ______________________________ Dr. Fred M. Stephen Dr. Sanford Porter Committee Member Committee Member Abstract Red imported fire ants are major pests in the southeastern United States. As a part of an integrated pest management strategy, a biological control program has been implemented which includes Pseudacteon decapitating flies. These flies are parasitoids of fire ant workers and two species of Pseudacteon are established in Arkansas: Pseudacteon tricuspis and Pseudacteon curvatus.
    [Show full text]
  • Eclosion, Mating, and Grooming Behavior of the Parasitoid Fly Pseudacteon Curvatus (Diptera: Phoridae)
    Wuellner et al.: Phorid Fly Behavior 563 ECLOSION, MATING, AND GROOMING BEHAVIOR OF THE PARASITOID FLY PSEUDACTEON CURVATUS (DIPTERA: PHORIDAE) CLARE T. WUELLNER1, SANFORD D. PORTER2 AND LAWRENCE E. GILBERT1 1Section of Integrative Biology, Brackenridge Field Laboratory, Fire Ant Laboratory University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 2USDA-ARS, Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, P.O. Box 14565 Gainesville, FL 32604 ABSTRACT Phorid flies from the genus Pseudacteon are parasitoids of Solenopsis ants. Recent efforts of controlling imported fire ants in the United States have focused on rearing and releasing these flies as biocontrol agents. We studied eclosion, mating, and grooming behavior of Pseu- dacteon curvatus Borgmeier in an effort to increase understanding of its biology. The sex ra- tio of eclosing flies in the lab was 1:1. The flies emerged only in the morning and were protandrous. Mating in the lab occurred on the substrate and did not require disturbed ants. Males and probably also females mated multiply. Key Words: Biocontrol, Solenopsis invicta, Phoridae, Mass Rearing RESUMEN Las moscas del género Pseudacteon (Phoridae) son parasitoides de las hormigas Solenopsis. Esfuerzos recientes para controlar a la hormiga de fuego importada (Solenopsis invicta) en los Estados Unidos han estado enfocados en la cria y liberación de estas moscas como agen- tes de control biológico. Nosotros estudiamos la eclosión, apareamiento y el comportamiento de acicalamiento de Pseudacteon curvatus Borgmeier en un esfuerzo para aumentar nuestro entendimiento de su biología. La proporción de nacimiento de hembras y machos en el labo- ratorio fué 1:1. Las moscas emergieron solamente en la mañana y fueron protandrosas (los machos nacen más temprano que las hembras).
    [Show full text]
  • Distribución Y Abundancia De La Hormiga Colorada Solenopsis Invicta En Argentina: Sus Interacciones Con Hormigas Competidoras Y Moscas Parasitoides (Pseudacteon SPP.)
    Tesis Doctoral Distribución y abundancia de la hormiga colorada Solenopsis invicta en Argentina: sus interacciones con hormigas competidoras y moscas parasitoides (Pseudacteon SPP.) Calcaterra, Luis Alberto 2010 Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Calcaterra, Luis Alberto. (2010). Distribución y abundancia de la hormiga colorada Solenopsis invicta en Argentina: sus interacciones con hormigas competidoras y moscas parasitoides (Pseudacteon SPP.). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cita tipo Chicago: Calcaterra, Luis Alberto. "Distribución y abundancia de la hormiga colorada Solenopsis invicta en Argentina: sus interacciones con hormigas competidoras y moscas parasitoides (Pseudacteon SPP.)". Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2010. Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución DISTRIBUCIÓN Y ABUNDANCIA DE LA HORMIGA COLORADA SOLENOPSIS INVICTA EN ARGENTINA: SUS INTERACCIONES CON HORMIGAS COMPETIDORAS Y MOSCAS PARASITOIDES (PSEUDACTEON SPP.) Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el área de Ciencias Biológicas Luis Alberto Calcaterra Director de tesis: Juan A.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuticular Hydrocarbon Cues Are Used for Host Acceptance by Pseudacteon Spp
    JChemEcol DOI 10.1007/s10886-016-0694-y Cuticular Hydrocarbon Cues Are Used for Host Acceptance by Pseudacteon spp. Phorid Flies that Attack Azteca sericeasur Ants Kaitlyn A. Mathis1,2 & Neil D. Tsutsui2 Received: 13 October 2015 /Revised: 18 February 2016 /Accepted: 12 April 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 Abstract Parasitoids often use complex cues to identify suit- Introduction able hosts in their environment. Phorid fly parasitoids that develop on one or a few host species often use multiple cues, Identifying suitable hosts in a complex environment is a key ranging from general to highly specific, to home in on an challenge for parasitoids. Many parasitoids have evolved to appropriate host. Here, we describe the hierarchy of cues that use cues from their host or the host’s environment to locate Pseudacteon phorid flies use to identify Azteca ant hosts. We and correctly identify hosts (Askew 1971;Godfray1994;van show, through behavioral observations in the field, that Lenteren 1981; Vinson 1976). Highly specific parasitoids that phorid flies are attracted to two cryptic Azteca species, develop on one or a few host species often require the use of but only attack Azteca sericeasur (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: several cues, ranging from general to highly specific, to home Dolichoderinae). To test whether the phorid flies use cuticular in on a preferred host. For example, parasitoids may first use a hydrocarbons (CHCs) to distinguish between the two Azteca general cue shared by many insects to define a search area in taxa, we first documented and compared cuticular hydrocar- which they may successfully find their hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • Bredin-A Rchbo Id Smithsonian Biological ^Survey of Dominica: F the Phoridae of Dominica (Diptera)
    THOMAS BORGMEIER Bredin-A rchbo Id Smithsonian Biological ^Survey of Dominica: f The Phoridae of Dominica (Diptera) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1969 NUMBER 23 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge not stricdy professional." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. Each publica- tion is distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, institutes, and interested specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smith- sonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available.
    [Show full text]
  • FÓRIDOS (Díptera: Phoridae)
    FÓRIDOS (Díptera: Phoridae) ASOCIADOS AL HÁBITAT DE HORMIGAS CORTADORAS DE HOJAS (Atta cephalotes y Acromyrmex octospinosus) Y SUS PATRONES DE LOCALIZACIÓN EN UN BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL ANDINO Soraya Uribe Celis Maestría en Ciencia-Entomología Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Postgrados Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín, Colombia 2013 FÓRIDOS (Díptera: Phoridae) ASOCIADOS AL HÁBITAT DE HORMIGAS CORTADORAS DE HOJAS (Atta cephalotes y Acromyrmex octospinosus) Y SUS PATRONES DE LOCALIZACIÓN EN UN BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL ANDINO Estudiante: Soraya Uribe Celis Director: Adriana Ortiz Reyes, Ph.D. Codirector: Brian V. Brown, Ph.D Maestría en Ciencia-Entomología Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Postgrados Universidad Nacional de Colombia Medellín, Colombia 2013 TESIS PARA ASPIRAR AL TÍTULO DE MAGÍSTER EN CIENCIAS - ENTOMOLOGÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA SEDE MEDELLÍN Agradecimientos A la Vicerrectoría de Investigación de la Universidad Nacional por la financiación del proyecto (Código 90201016). A Agrotunez S.A y a la hacienda Monteloro por brindarme, su hospitalidad, sus predios y el personal necesario para realizar mí trabajo en campo. En especial agradezco a Andrés Moreno Rúa “El Compa” por brindarme su amistad, por enseñarme a encontrar los mejores hormigueros y por espantarme a “trapasos” los mosquitos de la noche. Al laboratorio de Ecología Química por brindarme un espacio y los equipos necesarios para el desarrollo de este trabajo. A Brian Brown, que desde lejos siempre estuvo disponible para mis preguntas y lo más importante por contagiarme con su pasión por los fóridos. Al Dr. Henry Disney y Luciana Elizalde por su cordialidad y por brindarme documentos e información acerca de los fóridos.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Sede Quito
    UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA SALESIANA SEDE QUITO CARRERA: INGENIERÍA EN BIOTECNOLOGÍA DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES Trabajo de titulación previo a la obtención del título de: INGENIERO EN BIOTECNOLOGÍA DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES TEMA: GENERACIÓN DE CÓDIGOS DE BARRAS MOLECULARES PARA DÍPTEROS DE LA FAMILIA PHORIDAE REGISTRADOS EN TRES LOCALIDADES DEL NOROCCIDENTE DE ECUADOR AUTOR: RONALD DANIEL TOAPANTA MOROCHO TUTORA: GERMANIA MARGARITA KAROLYS GUTIÉRREZ Quito, enero del 2018 Dedicatoria A Dios, Por guiar mi vida y ayudarme a superar todas las adversidades que se han presentado durante el transcurso de la carrera. A mis padres Carlos Toapanta y Rebeca Morocho, Quienes no solamente se han esforzado dándome una buena educación, sino que además me han sabido infundir valores que me han hecho crecer como persona, y principalmente les dedico este trabajo por ser mi fuente de inspiración a todo momento. A mis hermanos Stalin, Darío, Samira, Alexandra Quienes han estado presentes en cada etapa de mi vida brindándome alegrías, consejos, y sobretodo cariño. Por estar conmigo en los buenos y malo momentos. A mi querido sobrino Julián, Quien ocupa una gran parte de mi corazón, y ha compartido conmigo gratos momentos llenos de risas, enojos, y locuras que no los cambiaría por nada del mundo. A María José, Por ser mi cómplice, confidente y compañera incondicional durante gran parte de mi carrera universitaria, por siempre alentarme con su amor y creer en mí a todo momento. Agradecimientos Un especial y afectivo agradecimiento a Adrián Troya, por permitirme formar parte de su equipo de investigación, por creer en mis capacidades y guiarme con sus consejos y conocimientos durante la consecución de gran parte este trabajo, siendo un excelente profesional y amigo digno de admirar.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Ecology Symposium '97: Lloyd
    Behavioral Ecology Symposium ’97: Lloyd 261 ON RESEARCH AND ENTOMOLOGICAL EDUCATION II: A CONDITIONAL MATING STRATEGY AND RESOURCE- SUSTAINED LEK(?) IN A CLASSROOM FIREFLY (COLEOPTERA: LAMPYRIDAE; PHOTINUS) JAMES E. LLOYD Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611 ABSTRACT The Jamaican firefly Photinus pallens (Fabricius) offers many opportunities and advantages for students to study insect biology in the field, and do research in taxon- omy and behavioral ecology; it is one of my four top choices for teaching. The binomen may hide a complex of closely related species and an interesting taxonomic problem. The P. pallens population I observed gathers in sedentary, flower-associated swarms which apparently are sustained by the flowers. Males and females remained together on the flowers for several hours before overt sexual activity began, and then pairs cou- pled quickly and without combat or display. Males occasionally joined and left the swarm, some flying and flashing over an adjacent field in a manner typical of North American Photinus species. Key Words: Lampyridae, Photinus, mating behavior, ecology RESUMEN La luciérnaga jamaiquina Photinus pallens (Fabricius) brinda muchas oportunida- des y ventajas a estudiantes para el estudio de la biología de los insectos en el campo y para la investigación sobre taxonomía y también sobre ecología del comportamiento; es una de las cuatro opciones principales elegidas para mi enseñanza. Este nombre bi- nomial puede que incluya un complejo de especies cercanamente relacionadas, que es un problema taxonómico interesante. La población de P. pallens que observé se reune en grupos sedentarios asociados con flores los cuales son aparentemente mantenidos por dichas flores.
    [Show full text]
  • Acquired Natural Enemies of Oxyops Vitiosa 1
    Christensen et al.: Acquired Natural Enemies of Oxyops vitiosa 1 ACQUIRED NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE WEED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OXYOPS VITIOSA (COLEPOTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) ROBIN M. CHRISTENSEN, PAUL D. PRATT, SHERYL L. COSTELLO, MIN B. RAYAMAJHI AND TED D. CENTER USDA/ARS, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, 3225 College Ave., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314 ABSTRACT The Australian curculionid Oxyops vitiosa Pascoe was introduced into Florida in 1997 as a biological control agent of the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake. Pop- ulations of the weevil increased rapidly and became widely distributed throughout much of the invasive tree’s adventive distribution. In this study we ask if O. vitiosa has acquired nat- ural enemies in Florida, how these enemies circumvent the protective terpenoid laden exu- dates on larvae, and what influence 1 of the most common natural enemies has on O. vitiosa population densities? Surveys of O. vitiosa populations and rearing of field-collected individ- uals resulted in no instances of parasitoids or pathogens exploiting weevil eggs or larvae. In contrast, 44 species of predatory arthropods were commonly associated (>5 individuals when pooled across all sites and sample dates) with O. vitiosa. Eleven predatory species were ob- served feeding on O. vitiosa during timed surveys, including 6 pentatomid species, 2 formi- cids and 3 arachnids. Species with mandibulate or chelicerate mouthparts fed on adult stages whereas pentatomids, with haustellate beaks, pierced larval exoskeletons thereby by- passing the protective larval coating. Observations of predation were rare, with only 8% of timed surveys resulting in 1 or more instances of attack. Feeding by the pentatomid Podisus mucronatus Uhler accounted for 76% of all recorded predation events.
    [Show full text]