Controlling Tuta Absoluta and Managing Resistance
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Tuta Absoluta: the Tomato Leafminer
Tuta absoluta: the tomato leafminer R. Muniappan Director, Feed the Future Innovation Lab: Collaborative Research on Integrated Pest Management (IPM IL) Office of International Research, Education, and Development, Virginia Tech Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917 Family: Gelichiidae Order: Lepidoptera Class: Insecta Phylum: Arthropoda Tuta absoluta • Described in 1917 by Meyrick as Phthorimaea absoluta from specimens collected in Peru • Gnorimoschema absoluta by Clarke 1962 • Scorbipalpula absoluta by Povolny 1974 • Tuta absoluta by Povolny in 1994 Tuta absoluta (Gelichiidae) Related Pest Species Tomato pinworm – Keiferia lycopersicella Guatemalan potato tuber moth – Tecia solanivora Potato tuber moth – Phthorimaea operculella Groundnut leafminer- Aproaerema modecella Pink bollworm - Pectinophora gossypiella Egg Duration: 7 days Eggs are oval- Cylindrical, usually are laid on under side of Leaves, Buds, stems and calyx of unripe fruits Tuta absoluta - Eggs • Oviposition: –Leaves -73% –Veins and stems - 21% –Sepals - 5% –Fruits - 1% Larva Duration: 8 days There are 4 instars. Early instars are white or Cream with a black head, later they turn pink or green. Fully grown larvae Drop to the ground in a silken thread and pupate in soil Pupa Duration: 10 days Pupae are brown, 6 mm long. Pupation takes place in soil or on plant parts such as dried Leaves and stem. Adult Female lives 10-15 days Male lives 6-7 days Adult moths are small Body length 7mm. They are brown or Silver color with Black spots on the wings Tuta absoluta - Life Cycle • Duration -
Tuta Absoluta
South American tomato moth Tuta absoluta Figure 1. Tomato fruit showing holes created by Tuta absoluta larvae Background Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a pest of tomatoes in South America, mining the leaves and burrowing into the fruit (fig. 1). Since the first detection of this pest in Europe, in Spain in 2006, it has been spreading rapidly through Southern Europe causing very high levels of damage to tomato crops in some regions. Tuta absoluta was added to the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation A1 pest list in 2004. Geographical Distribution Tuta absoluta is native to Central America, and has spread to South America. It has been recorded from Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela; it is found in regions less than 1000 m above sea level. The moth was introduced into Spain and first detected in 2006. It is now present in several PLANT PEST FACTSHEET provinces, including Castellón, Valencia and the island of Ibiza, and appears to be spreading. Algeria and Morocco reported outbreaks in 2008, both of which are under official control measures. Tuta absoluta was also found in four regions of Italy in 2008 (Calabria, Campania, Sardegna and Sicily), and in 2009 outbreaks were reported for the first time in France (in Corsica and Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur) and Tunisia. All the European records to date have been on tomato crops, with no evidence of damage to other plants. The Netherlands and the UK have found Tuta absoluta infesting imports of Spanish tomatoes, but these are incidental findings and there is no evidence in either country of an outbreak to date. -
Twenty-Five Pests You Don't Want in Your Garden
Twenty-five Pests You Don’t Want in Your Garden Prepared by the PA IPM Program J. Kenneth Long, Jr. PA IPM Program Assistant (717) 772-5227 [email protected] Pest Pest Sheet Aphid 1 Asparagus Beetle 2 Bean Leaf Beetle 3 Cabbage Looper 4 Cabbage Maggot 5 Colorado Potato Beetle 6 Corn Earworm (Tomato Fruitworm) 7 Cutworm 8 Diamondback Moth 9 European Corn Borer 10 Flea Beetle 11 Imported Cabbageworm 12 Japanese Beetle 13 Mexican Bean Beetle 14 Northern Corn Rootworm 15 Potato Leafhopper 16 Slug 17 Spotted Cucumber Beetle (Southern Corn Rootworm) 18 Squash Bug 19 Squash Vine Borer 20 Stink Bug 21 Striped Cucumber Beetle 22 Tarnished Plant Bug 23 Tomato Hornworm 24 Wireworm 25 PA IPM Program Pest Sheet 1 Aphids Many species (Homoptera: Aphididae) (Origin: Native) Insect Description: 1 Adults: About /8” long; soft-bodied; light to dark green; may be winged or wingless. Cornicles, paired tubular structures on abdomen, are helpful in identification. Nymph: Daughters are born alive contain- ing partly formed daughters inside their bodies. (See life history below). Soybean Aphids Eggs: Laid in protected places only near the end of the growing season. Primary Host: Many vegetable crops. Life History: Females lay eggs near the end Damage: Adults and immatures suck sap from of the growing season in protected places on plants, reducing vigor and growth of plant. host plants. In spring, plump “stem Produce “honeydew” (sticky liquid) on which a mothers” emerge from these eggs, and give black fungus can grow. live birth to daughters, and theygive birth Management: Hide under leaves. -
Evaluating the Effect of Seed Priming Against Tomato Leafminer, Tuta Absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Tomato Crop in Curitiba, Brazil.”
Report on, ”Evaluating the effect of seed priming against Tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato crop in Curitiba, Brazil.” PI: Sulav Paudel Graduate Student, Department of Entomology, Penn State Telephone: 8148801831 PSU ID: 942568535 Advisers: Dr. Edwin Rajotte and Dr. Gary Felton In Collaboration with: Laboratory of Semiochemicals, University of Federal Parana (UFPR), CuritibaBrazil Supervisor: Dr. Paulo H.G. Zarbin, Professor Evaluating the effect of seed priming against Tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato crop in Curitiba, Brazil. 1. Executive Summary: Following our successful research trials with seed priming against economically important pests like Tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa zea & Tobacco Caterpillar, Spodoptera litura at Penn State and Bangladesh respectively, the current project was designed to explore the potential and effectiveness of seed priming in a varied agro-ecological zone against one of the serious South American pests on Tomato, Tuta absoluta. In particular, we assessed the effectiveness of Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) seed treatment on enhancing the plants’ resistance against South American tomato moth (T.absoluta), in the southern part of Brazil. All the experiments were conducted inside greenhouse during March-April, 2013 at University of Federal Parana, Curitiba-Brazil. Our final result suggested that larvae fed on the plants treated with MeJA affects the life-cycle of the insects; lengthening larval developmental phase and reducing the final pupal weight, thus greatly reducing the overall damage from the pest. Thus, if successfully integrated with other facets of integrated pest management program, the use of MeJA as elicitors of plants’ defense could prove to be an important tool in managing Tuta absoluta, without relying heavily on chemical pesticides. -
Limiting Factor of Development of Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta Absoluta (Meyrik)
International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research (IJASR) ISSN(P): 2250-0057; ISSN(E): 2321-0087 Vol. 4, Issue 1, Feb 2013, 81-88 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. RESEARCH ON TEMPERATURE: LIMITING FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOMATO LEAF MINER TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRIK) (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) KHADIDJA MAHDI1 & SALAHEDDINE DOUMANDJI2 1University Akli Mohand Oulhadj Bouira, Algeria 2National High School of Agronomy El Harrach, Algeria ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to study the effect of temperature variations on the biology of the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta. The duration of the development cycle of this bioagressor was 18.5 ± 2.52 days at 30 ± 1 ° C, 32.9 ± 4.22 days at 21 ° C. ± 1 ° C and 71.5 ± 12.16 days at 15 ± 1 ° C. Similarly fertility depends on the temperature. The number of eggs laid per female varies between 28 and 260 eggs. The analysis of variance applied to the effect of temperature on the stages of development of T. absoluta and egg incubation shows a very highly significant difference obtained with a probability of less than 0.01. The potential number of generations calculated in the Algiers region in 2009 was 8.3. In 2010 it is equal to 7.72. KEYWORDS: Tuta absoluta, Tomato, Effect of Temperature, Algeria INTRODUCTION The tomato leaf miner T. absoluta has become in a short time the most devastating pest of tomato in Algeria since its introduction in summer 2008 (GUENAOUI, 2008). This bioagressor develops during all life stages of the culture (RAVENA, 1991, DE SOUZA and REIS, 1986) where the damage can reach 100% of the crop due especially to the larvae usually attack the leaves but also stems, flowers and even fruits (SOUZA et al 1992.). -
Chrysoperla Carnea by Chemical Cues from Cole Crops
Biological Control 29 (2004) 270–277 www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Mediation of host selection and oviposition behavior in the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella and its predator Chrysoperla carnea by chemical cues from cole crops G.V.P. Reddy,a,* E. Tabone,b and M.T. Smithc a Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA b INRA, Entomologie et Lutte Biologique, 37 Bd du Cap, Antibes F-06606, France c USDA, ARS, Beneficial Insect Introduction Research Unit, University of Delaware, 501 S. Chapel, St. Newark, DE 19713-3814, USA Received 28 January 2003; accepted 15 July 2003 Abstract Host plant-mediated orientation and oviposition by diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Ypo- nomeutidae) and its predator Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) were studied in response to four different brassica host plants: cabbage, (Brassica oleracea L. subsp. capitata), cauliflower (B. oleracea L. subsp. botrytis), kohlrabi (B. oleracea L. subsp. gongylodes), and broccoli (B. oleracea L. subsp. italica). Results from laboratory wind tunnel studies indicated that orientation of female DBM and C. carnea females towards cabbage and cauliflower was significantly greater than towards either broccoli or kohlrabi plants. However, DBM and C. carnea males did not orient towards any of the host plants. In no-choice tests, oviposition by DBM did not differ significantly among the test plants, while C. carnea layed significantly more eggs on cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli than on kohlrabi. However, in free-choice tests, oviposition by DBM was significantly greater on cabbage, followed by cauliflower, broccoli, and kohlrabi, while C. -
Tuta Absoluta Biology, Damage and Control, a South African Perspective Background
Tuta absoluta Biology, Damage and Control, a South African Perspective Background • Tuta absoluta is one of the most destructive pests of tomato • It originated in South America • Europe: First reported in 2006 • South Africa: First reported in 2016 • Latin name: Tuta absoluta • Common name: Tomato leafminer • Because of the easy pronunciation, the pest is mostly known as Tuta absoluta Host plants Hosts for Tuta absoluta mainly include plants in the potato family Solanaceae Main host Other crops as hosts Tomato Potato*, eggplant, Capsicum, tobacco** and Cape gooseberry Additional hosts Many weed species, mostly solanaceous weeds, are hosts for Tuta absoluta. Rare or doubtful hosts include; bean, cabbage, mallow and others. *foliage only (research is currently being conducted for verification) **to be confirmed Tuta absoluta: summary of life cycle Eggs • Laid on foliage or fruit (usually singly, but also in groups of 2-5) • 4-5 days to hatch (slower under cool conditions) Larvae • Light in colour when young – becoming greenish • Feed inside leaves, stems or fruit • Duration approximately 8-14 days (slower under cool conditions) • Fourth instar exits from feeding locations to pupate Tuta absoluta: summary of life cycle Pupae • Pupae are formed inside strong silken cocoons, constructed by the fourth instar • Cocoons are constructed mostly at soil level, but also in leaf mines and folded foliage • Cocoons are mostly hidden or camouflaged by foliage or sand/dirt particles • Duration approximately 7-10 days (slower under cool conditions) Moths -
Effect of Trap Color on Captures of Tuta Absoluta Moths (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (IJESE) Vol. 3: 43- 48 http://www.pvamu.edu/texged Prairie View A&M University, Texas, USA Effect of trap color on captures of Tuta absoluta moths (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Taha, A. M.1; Homam B. H.1; Afsah, A. F. E.1 and Fatma. M. EL-Sharkawy2 1- Vegetable Pests Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Egypt. 2- Photometry Department, National Institute of Standards, Egypt. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History Field experiments were conducted to determine the attractive action of Received: Jan. 11, 2012 different colors (red, yellow, green, and blue) to Tuta absoluta moths and Accepted: March 5, 2012 to asses the influence of trap color on their capture moths in sex Available online: July 2012 pheromone baited traps. _________________ The results demonstrate that T. absoluta moths can distinguish between Keywords: colors, where the red sticky traps with 39.7% reflectance at 612.1 nm Tuta absoluta dominant wavelength caught the greatest number of moths, recording Lepidoptera Moths 46.89% of the total moths captured, while the yellow sticky traps caught Trap color the fewest number of moths recording only 13.99 %. Delta and water pan Sex pheromone traps of red color baited with commercial sex pheromone captured 1.58 and 1.52 times, respectively more male T. absoluta moths than such traps of yellow color baited with the same sex pheromone. The results demonstrate that the red color can be used to enhance the effectiveness of sex pheromone traps for capturing male T. absoluta moths. Further research is recommended for better understanding of the effect of trap color on the diversity and abundance of non target insects captured. -
Vegetable Insects Department of Entomology
E-99-W Vegetable Insects Department of Entomology MANAGING INSECT PESTS OF COMMERCIALLY GROWN CRUCIFERS Ricky E. Foster, Extension Entomologist The crucifers include cabbage, caulifl ower, broccoli, The following practices will reduce cabbage maggot injury. Brussels sprouts, turnips, radishes, kale, rutabaga, mustard, • Disk crop residues immediately after harvest to reduce collards, horseradish, and other crucifers. All of the crucifers overwintering populations. are subject to attack by insects. Some, such as radishes, can • Plant in well-drained soils when soil temperatures exceed usually be grown without insect damage and others, such as 50°F. cabbage, must be managed carefully to avoid serious insect • Do not plant in fi elds to which animal manure has been damage. recently applied or in which a cover crop has been plowed down within 3-4 weeks of planting. CABBAGE MAGGOTS • Use the soil insecticides diazinon, Lorsban, or Capture LFR in the seed furrow or as transplant drenches. The fi rst insect of concern on crucifers is usually the cab- bage maggot. Cabbage maggot overwinters as pupae in the FLEA BEETLES soil. The fl ies, slightly smaller than a housefl y, emerge from the soil in late April or early May and lay white eggs at the Flea beetles are almost always a pest of crucifers, es- bases of newly set plants. Emergence usually coincides with pecially early in the growing season. Flea beetles are small, the time when yellow rocket, a common weed, is in full bloom. hard-shelled insects, so named because their enlarged hind Larvae from this fi rst generation tunnel in the roots of legs allow them to jump like fl eas when disturbed. -
Tuta Absoluta, the South American Tomato Leafminer
ANR Publication 8589 | January 2018 http://anrcatalog.ucanr.edu Tuta Absoluta, The South American Tomato Leafminer he South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta TMeyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a serious and devastating pest of fresh market and processing tomatoes (fig. 1). Tuta absoluta, or Tuta, as it is also known, is thought to be native to South America. Currently, Tuta can be found in South America, southern Central America, southern Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East, and in localized parts of India (CABI 2016). Tuta is continuing to spread throughout the tomato-growing areas of the world (Desneux et al. 2010). Although it has not been reported in California or elsewhere in the United States, computer Figure 1. Tuta damage. Photo: J. Arno. KRIS GODFREY, University of models that are used to match the life history of an invasive California, Davis, Contained pest with climate and availability of host plants have predicted that Tuta has a moderate Research Facility; likelihood of establishing in the commercial tomato-growing regions of California, FRANK ZALOM, University of Arizona, and the southern United States (USDA 2011). California, Davis, Department of Entomology and Nematology; Tuta absoluta bores into tomato leaves, stems, flowers, apical buds, and fruit, resulting in less fruit set, poor plant and JOANNA CHIU, University of structure, and unmarketable fruit. Crop losses can be as high as 80 to 100 percent, and insecticide costs may California, Davis, Department of dramatically increase due to the need for additional insecticide applications (Lopez 1991; Estay 2000; Torres et al. Entomology and Nematology ANR Publication 8589 | Tuta Absoluta, The South American Tomato Leafminer | January 2018 | 2 2001; Desneux et al. -
Lichen Abundance and Biodiversity Along a Chronosequence from Young Managed Stands to Ancient Forest
_ Lichen Abundance and Biodiversity Along a Chronosequence from Young Managed Stands to Ancient Forest By Peter N. Neitlich Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of Masters of Science Field Naturalist Program Department of Botany University of Vermont December 3, 1993 We, the members of Peter Nathan Neitlichs graduate committee, assert by our signatures that he has satisfied the requirements for graduation from the University of Vermonts Field Naturalist Program (Department of Botany). We recommend to the Graduate College of the University of Vermont that he be awarded the degree of Master of Science. v. 44 3 tte- Dr. 1:key Hughes, Advisor Date /7 4/a_ Ifn . Bruce McCune Date C we I c) NA., .7( to.e, i 9 Dr. Cathy Paris Date r) kly..t,t611 /553 Alicia Daniel Date TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures iii List of Tables iii List of Appendices iii Acknowledgements iv Abstract 1 Introduction 3 Methods 4 Study Area 4 Field Methods 11 Lab Analysis 13 Data Analysis 14 Results and Discussion 15 Effect of Stand Age on Lichen Species Composition 15 Effect of Stand Age on Lichen Abundance 20 Lichen Community Composition along a Chronosequence 29 Changes in Environmental Gradients through Time 34 Lichen Conservation and Forest Management 42 Amplifications 48 Invertebrates 48 Vertebrates 54 Nitrogen Fixation 56 Lichen Dispersal 58 References 63 Appendices 67 ii LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Map of the study area 5 Fig. 2. Plant communities of the study area 6 Fig. 3. The effect of stand age on lichen species richness 15 Fig. 4. Epiphytic macrolichen biomass as a function of forest age 20 • Fig. -
Developing IPM Packages for Vegetable Crops in West Africa and South Asia
Developing IPM Packages for Vegetable Crops in West Africa and South Asia Douglas G. Pfeiffer Dept. of Entomology Countries in West African IPM CRSP Senegal, Mali, Ghana West African team Senegal, Mali, Ghana US: Doug Pfeiffer, Don Mullins, Carlyle Brewster, Jim Westwood, Pat Hipkins, Bob Gilbertson, Sally Miller, George Mbata Mali: Kadiatou Toure Gamby, Moussa Noussourou, Aminata Dolo, Sidiki Traore, Issa Sidibe Senegal: Emile Coly, Dienaba Sall Ghana: Michael Osei, Brandford Mochiah, Eric Cornelius Initial planning Initial planning Dogon Country Dogon Country Field visits in Senegal, Mali Obstacles Extension resources Obstacles Extension resources Pesticides readily available – insufficient knowledge Obstacles Extension resources Pesticides readily available – insufficient knowledge Obstacles Extension resources Pesticides readily available – insufficient knowledge In one field, containers for: lamba cyhalothrin/acetamiprid deltamethrin methomyl cartap abamectin Bt West Africa IPM Packages •Objective 1: Develop and implement an IPM package for tomato in Ghana, Mali and Senegal. •Objective 2: Develop and implement potato IPM packages in Mali and Senegal •Objective 3: Develop and implement IPM packages for cabbage in Mali, Senegal, with new addition of Ghana What is an IPM Package •Essentially the same as an IPM program •A set of practices to present to farmer, that address pest management issues from site selection through harvest, that when followed, assure a crop produced in a sustainable fashion West Africa IPM Packages •Objective