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Politics, the Economy, the Arts, and the Inner Workings to understand politics, the economy, the arts, and the inner workings ......................................... Every week the editors of THE NEW I REPUBLIC put together the best ideas and FREE ISSUE RESERVATION boldest commentary available on the political, Yes, please send me the next issue of THE NEW social, and cultural scene. REPUBLIC - absolutely free. If1 like it, I'll pay just $19.99 for a six month's subscription (23 more issues for a total of 24). That's a savings of 42% oft' the basic subscription price.'i' I SATISFACTION GUARANTEED: I If I choose not to subscribe I'll write "cancel" across your invoice. return it, and owe nothing at all. Either way the free issue is mine to keep. Name Lind focus in on the true stories behind the Address headlines. Writers like Stanley Crouch, Naomi City State Zip Wolf, John Updike, Malcolnl Gladwell, and Tatyana Tolstaya are regular contributors. :: Introductory offer valid fur first time .siihsrrihers Stanley Kauffmann and Robert Brustein cover only. Please caillforforeign rates. the latest in film and theater, and Mark Strand brings you the best in contemporary poetry. Discover the award-winning weekly, THE NEW REPUBLIC, where politics, art, culture, and opinion are presented with style, wit and intelligence. Return this coupon to: The New Republic P.O. Box 602 1220 19th Street, N.W. Mt. Morris, IL 61054 AWQ952 Washington, D.C. 20036 L--_---------------_----------_-----_---- : Less than the cost of a cup of cappuccino AUTUMN 1995 THE WILSON QUARTERLY Published by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 6 AMERICA'SGAMBLING FEVER Jackson Lears Robert Goodman David Spanier Once ranked high among the vices, gambling has burgeoned into a $40 billion legal industry in the United States. Three scholars look at the past and present of gambling, its timeless attractions and its enduring perils. 42. The Pursuit of Happiness by Robert Darnton Two great Enlightenment thinkers offered different versions of the ideal that animates most citizens of the modern world. Neither version alone suffices, our author argues. 53. The Other Camus by Robert Royal In Albert Camus's last, posthumously published novel, Robert Royal finds a different author from the one so widely remembered for his early existentialist works. 68. Atatiirk's Daughters by Amy Schwartz Long a cornerstone of modern Turkey, women's rights have become the focus of today's Islamist-secularist struggles. 102. What I Learned in the Lenoir High School Band by Joseph Robinson The first oboist of the New York Philharmonic tells what arts-education advocates should learn from his own remarkable high school experience in the North Carolina foothills. DEPARTMENTS 2. Editor's Comment 98. Poetry 3. At Issue 111. The Periodical Observer 80. Current Books 138. Research Reports 140. Commentary Cover: Detail of Raftsrnen Playing Cards (1847), by George Caleb Bingham, from the Saint Louis Art Museum, Printed in the U.S.A. The views expressed herein are not necessarily those of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. USPS 346-670 L~'A VOL. XIX NO.4 The WilsonQuarterly (ISSN-0363-3276) ispublishedinJanuay (Winter),April (Spring),July (Summer),and October(Autumn)by the Woodrow WilsonInternational Center for Scholars at 901 D Street S.W., Suite 704, Washington, D.C. 20024. Indexed biennially. Subscriptions: one year, $24; two years, $43. Air mail outside US.: one year, $39; two years, $73. Single copies mailed upon request: $7; outside U.S. and possessions, $8; selected back issues: $7, including postage and handling; outside US., $8. Second-classpostage paid at Washington, D.C.,and additional mailing offices. All unsolicited manuscripts should be accompanied by a self-addressed stamped envelope. Members: Send changes of address and all subscription correspondence with Wilson Quarterly mailing label to Subscriber Service, The Wilson Quarterly, P.O. Box 420406, Palm Coast, FL 32142-0406. (Subscriber hot line: 1-800-829-5108.) Postmaster: Send all address changes to The Wilson Quarterly, P.O. Box 420406, Palm Coast, FL 32142-0406. Microfilm copies are available from University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106. U.S. newsstand distribution by Eastern News Distributors, Inc., 2020 Superior Street, Sandusky, Ohio 44870 (for information, call 1-800-221-3148). Editor: Jay Tolson Deputy Editor: Steven Lagerfeld Managing Editor: James H. Carman he recent history of gambling in America seems re- Senior Editor: Robert K. Landers markable. From being, only 10 or 15 years ago, a shady Literary Editor: James M. Morris pursuit on the margin of most Americans' lives, gam- Associate Editor: Diantha Parker T Poetry Editors: Anthony Hecht, bling has gone mainstream. Indeed, to growing numbers of Edward Hirsch citizens who stake a few bucks on the state lottery or spend Copy Editor: Vincent Ercolano several hours playing the "slots" at the nearest Indian reser- Design Consultant: Tawney Harding vation, it's almost a matter of daily routine. Contributing Editors: Linda Colley, It turns out, though, that all this really isn't so new. Chance, Denis Donoghue, Max Holland, Jeffery and the games played upon it, have long been a part of the Paine, Walter Reich, Alan Ryan, American dream. (Horatio Alger, after all, was lucky as well Charles Townshend, Alan Wolfe, as persevering.) And while those critics go too far who say Bertram Wyatt-Brown Researchers: Genevieve E. Abravanel, that our capitalist system is nothing more than a crapshoot, Jessica J. Cohen, Robert G. Hargrove, chance plays a major role in many of our economic endeav- Amy Harrison, Ji W. Park ors-in some far more than in others. Librarian: Zdenek V. David Given Lady Luck's proximity to the Bitch Goddess Suc- Editorial Advisers: K. Anthony Appiah, cess, we set out in this issue to explore not only the current Robert Darnton, Nathan Glazer, Harry gaming scene but also our nation's long and varied debate Harding, Elizabeth Johns, Michael Lacey, John R. Lampe, Jackson Lears, over the pitfalls and pleasures of gambling. This history, we Robert Utwak, Frank McConnell, Richard found, lends helpful perspective to the dire prophecies and Rorty, Blair Ruble, Arm Sheffield, exaggerated hopes occasionedby the current gambling boom. S. Frederick Starr, Joseph Tulchin For all its very real dangers, casino savant David Spanier Founding Editor: Peter Braestrup reminds us, gambling to some Americans is simply fun, an Publishing Director: Warren B. Syer important part of their pursuit of happiness (an ideal ex- Publisher: Kathy Read Business Manager: Suzanne Napper plored elsewhere in this issue by historian Robert Darnton). Circulation Director: Rosalie Bruno Direct advertising inquiries to: A word of advertisement: our next issue will arrive with a Bob Rosen Kalish, Quigley & Rosen, Inc. different look-cleaner and more elegant, we hope, and 850 Seventh Avenue therefore easier to read. The new design is but one way we New York, N.Y. 10019 intend to mark our 20th anniversary, a calculated gamble, TEL: (212) 399-9500 you might say, as we set forth on the journey ahead. FAX: (212) 265-0986 WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington, D.C. Charles Blitzer, Director Congress, The Director of the U.S. V. Casey, Peter B. dark, William T. Coleman, Samuel F. Wells, Jr., Deputy Director ~nformation~~enc~, The ~rchivist of the Jr., Michael D. DiGiacomo, Donald G. Dean W. Anderson, Deputy Director United States.Private Citizen Members: Drapkin, Raymond A. Guenter, Robert R for Planning and Management James A. Baker in, Joseph A. Cari, Jr., Jean Harlin, JamesA. Harmon, William A. Hewitt, L. Hennessey, Gertrude Himmelfarb, JamesH. Higgins, Eric Hotung, Frances BOARD OF TRUSTEES Carol Iannone, Eli Jacobs, Paul Hae Park, Humphrey Howard, Donald M. Kendall, Joseph H. Flom, Chairman S. Dillon Ripley. Designated by the Christopher Kennan, Donald S. Lamrn, John Dwayne 0. Andreas, Vice Chairman President Anthony Lake. Laware, Harold Levy, Plato Malozemoff, Ex OfficioMembers: The Secretary of Edwin S. Marks, Deryck C. Maughan, C. Peter State, The Secretary of Health & Human THE WILSON COUNCIL McColough, James D. McDonald, Martha T. Services, The Secretaryof ducat ion, The Albert Abramson, J. Burchenal Ault, Muse, David Packard, L. Richardson Preyer, Chairman of the National Endowment Charles F. Barber, William J. Baroody, Jr., Robert L. Raclin, Edward V. Regan, Raja W. for the Humanities, The Secretaryof the Theodore C. Barreaux, John L. Bryant, Jr., Sidawi, Ron Silver, William A. Slaughter, Smithsonian Institution, The Librarian of Conrad Cabik, Edward W. Carter, Albert Herbert S. Winokur, Jr. The Wilson Center has published the Quarterly since 1976. It also publishes Wilson Center Press books, special reports, and a series of "scholars' uides" designed to help researchers find their wa through the vast archival riches of the nation's capital. All thisis part of the ~ifson~enter'sspecialmissionas thenation'sunusua~"livingmemorial" to the28thpresident of theUnitedStates. Congress established the Center in 1968 as an international institute for advanced study, "symbolizin and strengthening the fruitfulrelationbetween the world of learningand theworldof publicaffairs."~he~enteropenedin1970underits own presidentially appointed board of trustees, headed by former vice president Hubert H. Humphrey. Chosen in open annual worldwide competitions, some50 Fellows at thecenter carry out advancedresearch,writebooks, and join in discussions with
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