DOCSLIB.ORG

Under Fire Israel’S Enforcement of Access Restricted Areas in the Gaza Strip

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Under Fire Israel’S Enforcement of Access Restricted Areas in the Gaza Strip Under fire Israel’s enforcement of Access Restricted Areas in the Gaza Strip Under fire Israel’s enforcement of Access Restricted Areas in the Gaza Strip January 2014 Acknowledgements: Researched and written by Laura Ribeiro Rodrigues Pereira. This document has been produced with financial assistance from theUK ’s Department for International Development (DFID). Its contents are the sole responsibility of, the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) and the Pales- tinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR), and do not in any way reflectDFID ’s position on any of the issues covered. The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) is a world leader in the monitoring and analysis of the causes, effects and responses to internal displacement. For the millions world-wide forced to flee within their own country as a consequence of conflict, generalised violence, human rights violations, and natural hazards,IDMC advocates for better responses to internally displaced people, while promoting respect for their human rights. The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) is a non-governmental organisation based in Gaza city. PCHR is dedicated to protecting human rights, promoting the rule of law and upholding democratic principles in the occupied Palestinian territory. Thanks to Jeremy Lennard for editorial assistance. Cover photo: Home destroyed in central Gaza in November 2012. Credit: Emad Badwan Published by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre Chemin de Balexert 7-9 CH-1219 Châtelaine (Geneva) Switzerland Tel: +41 22 799 0700 / Fax: +41 22 799 0701 www.internal-displacement.org This publication was printed on paper from sustainably managed forests. Table of contents Executive summary . 4 Recommendations . .6 Acronyms . 8 List of figures and tables. .9 Historical timeline . .10 Introduction. .14 1. Political and humanitarian context . .16 1.1 Historical developments and context . .16 1.2 Impact of ARA on displacement in Gaza . .20 1.3 Impact of ARA on Gaza’s health, education and water sectors . .21 1.4 Developments following the November 2012 ceasefire agreement . .22 2. ARA on land. .23 2.1 Israeli definition of ARA on land . .23 2.2 Impact of Israel’s enforcement of ARA on land . .25 3. ARA at sea . .34 3.1 Israel’s definition of ARA in Palestinian waters . 34 3.2 Impact of Israel’s enforcement of ARA at sea . 35 4. Legal analysis . 43 4.1 Applicable law . .43 4.2 Analysis of Israel’s enforcement of ARA on land. .45 4.3 Analysis of Israel’s enforcement of ARA at sea. .48 4.4 Accountability . 52 5. Conclusion . .55 Selected bibliography and further reading . 57 Annexes . .58 Notes . .63 Executive summary The Gaza Strip has suffered a long history of displace- affected by ARA on land and at sea. The restrictions ment. The majority of its inhabitants are registered as on land cover 62.6 square kilometres, accounting for 35 refugees with the UN Relief and Works Agency for Pal- per cent of agricultural land and 17 per cent of all land estine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) and have in the territory. Of the total, 24.4 square kilometres have been displaced since 1948. Large-scale Israeli military been levelled and would require significant investment to operations have caused a number of acute periods of develop or farm. The restrictions have led to the annual displacement, set against a general backdrop of pro- loss of an estimated 75,000 tonnes of agricultural output, tracted displacement over several decades and with no worth around $50 million. Urban communities within ARA, prospects of durable solutions being achieved in the particularly those in northern Gaza such as Beit Hanoun, foreseeable future. The Israeli-imposed blockade, which have suffered repeated displacement as a result. In the has been in place for six years, means that those affected absence of accurate figures, however, the scale of the are unable to leave the territory. Palestinians living inside phenomenon is unknown. restricted areas and those whose livelihoods depend on them are particularly vulnerable to forced displacement, Around 85 per cent of the maritime areas authorised the repeated destruction of their property and threats to under the Oslo Accords are off-limits to the Palestinian their physical safety. Eighty per cent of Palestinians in fishing fleet, resulting in an estimated loss of 75 per cent Gaza are dependent on international aid and more than in monthly catch during sardine season and a 65 per cent 50 per cent are food insecure. rise in unemployment among fishermen since 2000. The use of access restrictions on land and at sea, the Issues related to internal displacement in the West Bank levelling of land, forced displacement and arbitrary de- feature prominently in humanitarian and policy discus- tentions as means of enforcing security zones has been sions, but there has been less focus on the impact of common practice since the start of the second intifada the occupation, blockade and access restrictions on dis- in September 2000, particularly in what have become placement in Gaza. There is no comprehensive database known in the international community as “access restrict- or tracking system in place, nor is there adequate under- ed areas” (ARA). These are in place along the fence that standing of the specific vulnerabilities of the large number runs the entire length of Gaza’s land border with Israel, of people displaced from ARA over the past decade. Any and at sea. humanitarian discussion of displacement in Gaza tends to define it narrowly as a shelter issue, leading to a response There is currently no clear or consistent definition ofARA . focused on damaged or destroyed housing. Israel has dropped leaflets and released military state- ments to inform Palestinians of new limits to its security The November 2012 ceasefire agreement between Israel zones, but these are not clearly marked on the ground and and Hamas, mediated by Egypt, raised hopes among are not in keeping with existing legal agreements such many Palestinians of an end to ARA. Within a month, how- as the Oslo Accords. In practice, Palestinian access is ever, at least two unarmed civilians had been killed and severely restricted within 1.5km of the fence and beyond 28 injured near the fence, and there is little indication that six nautical miles from the coast. This will serve as a those displaced from ARA have been able to return. Fish- definition for the purposes of this report. ermen also continue to be shot at and arbitrarily detained. In the six months following the ceasefire, 66 shooting Between 2006 and May 2013, 539 Israeli military incur- incidents targeting fishermen were documented. sions into ARA on land were documented, resulting in the detention of 150 Palestinians. During the same time As part of the research for this report, 12 focus group period, 544 shooting incidents were recorded, resulting discussions involving nearly 150 fishermen and farmers in at least 179 civilian deaths and 751 injuries. In the past were conducted, with sessions distributed evenly across two years, there have been an average of around seven Gaza. Farmers expressed serious concerns about access incursions each month. to food, health and education, and all participants noted a sharp decline in the quantity and quality of food they were According to the UN Office for the Coordination of Hu- able to cultivate. Nearly all farmers said they had seen manitarian Affairs (OCHA), an estimated 178,000 Pales- their homes damaged or destroyed, but had received little tinians, or 12 per cent of Gaza’s population, are directly or no compensation and were heavily in debt. Seventy 4 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre | January 2014 Mohamed Saleh from Jabalia Camp shows his house that was destroyed during the Pillar of Defense. per cent said that either they or a family member had This report aims to analyse the cumulative impact of been injured by Israeli military activity in ARA in the past Israel’s enforcement of ARA with specific reference to ten years. In Beit Hanoun, a community where 85 per the November 2012 ceasefire. It focuses on the repeated cent of residents are farmers, 93 per cent of participants destruction of homes, greenhouses, orchards and fields said they had been unable to access their land in 2012 and with it local livelihoods, and highlights the forced because of the Israeli military’s use of live ammunition. displacement of Palestinians this has caused. The first Between 1997 and 30 November 2013, there were also section covers the humanitarian impact of Israeli en- 522 documented shooting incidents targeting fishermen forcement, and the second analyses its methods under at sea, resulting in nine civilian deaths, 47 injuries and international legal frameworks. The report also explores 422 detentions. potential means of protecting communities from further displacement through redress, accountability and the The report found Israel’s use of lethal force before ex- establishment of economic sustainability. hausting other non-lethal means of engagement to be in violation of international human rights law and standards. This is particularly alarming in light of Israel’s capacity to implement non-lethal measures of law enforcement in Gaza, as highlighted by its frequent incursions into ARA on land. On the basis of a legal precedent set by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the manner in which the Israeli military has used live ammunition in ARA could constitute grounds for in- vestigation under international law. Reckless disregard for the protection of civilian life that results in the wilful killing or serious injury of non-combatants, particularly during periods of relative calm outside military operations, can amount to a grave breach of the Fourth Geneva Convention. Under fire | Israel’s enforcement of Access Restricted Areas in the Gaza Strip 5 Recommendations To the Israeli government: To the Palestinian Authority (PA) and local authorities in the Gaza Strip: Israel should cease its collective punishment of the Palestinian population in Gaza in line with its obligations Local authorities should adopt coherent and coordi- under international law.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Protection of Civilians – Weekly Briefing Notes 22 – 28 February 2006
    U N I TOCHA E D Weekly N A Briefing T I O NotesN S 22 – 28 February 2006 N A T I O N S| 1 U N I E S OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS P.O. Box 38712, East Jerusalem, Phone: (+972) 2-582 9962 / 582 5853, Fax: (+972) 2-582 5841 [email protected], www.ochaopt.org Protection of Civilians – Weekly Briefing Notes 22 – 28 February 2006 Of note this period • IDF military operations in Balata camp (Nablus) continued. Four Palestinians including a child were killed and 15 others injured. Two IDF soldiers were also injured in the operation. • A large number of Palestinians injured – including in demonstrations against the construction of the Barrier in Ramallah and Jerusalem and confrontations between the IDF and Palestinian stone throwers in the West Bank. • High number of flying checkpoints observed throughout the West Bank, particularly in Qalqiliya, Nablus and Hebron governorates. 1. Physical Protection Casualties1 80 60 40 20 0 Children Women Injuries Deaths Deaths Deaths Palestinians 71 8 1 - Israelis 10 - - - Internationals ---- • 22 February: IDF soldiers beat and injured a 21-year-old Palestinian in H1 area of Hebron city (Hebron). • 22 February: The IDF injured a 15-year-old Palestinian minor after opening fire towards Palestinian stone throwers in Bani Na’im (Hebron). • 22 February: Palestinians injured one Israeli after opening fire at an Israeli plated vehicle passing on Road 55 near Ázzun (Qalqiliya). • 22 February: The IDF injured one Palestinian man after opening fire at Huwwara checkpoint (Nablus) during unrest at the checkpoint caused by long delays.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Alternative Report Submitted by The
    Joint Alternative Report submitted by the Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE) and Al-Haq to the Human Rights Committee on the occasion of the consideration of the Third Periodic Report of Israel Israel’s violations of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights with regard to house demolitions, forced evictions and safe water and sanitation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel Submitted June 2010 COHRE and Al-Haq are independent non-governmental organisations in UN ECOSOC Special Consultative Status Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................3 2. ISRAEL’S LEGAL OBLIGATIONS IN THE OPT........................................4 3. FORCED EVICTIONS AND HOUSE DEMOLITIONS .............................6 3.1 Punitive House Demolitions..................................................................................6 3.1.1 West Bank ......................................................................................................6 3.1.2 Gaza .............................................................................................................11 3.2 Administrative House Demolitions......................................................................16 3.2.1 West Bank...................................................................................................16 3.2.2 Israel: Mixed Cities.....................................................................................24 3.3. Other Forced Evictions......................................................................................25
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Vulnerability Assessment Using Multi- Criteria Approach: a Case Study from North Gaza
    اﻟﺠـﺎﻣﻌــــــــــﺔ اﻹﺳـــــﻼﻣﯿــﺔ ﺑﻐــﺰة The Islamic University of Gaza ﻋﻤﺎدة اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ واﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies ﻛـﻠﯿــــــــــــــــــــﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳــــــــــــــــــﺔ Faculty of Engineering Master of Water Resources Management ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿـــــﺮ إدارة ﻣﺼـــــــﺎدر ﻣﯿــــﺎه Flood Vulnerability Assessment Using Multi- Criteria Approach: A Case Study from North Gaza ﺘﻘییم ﻤواطن ﻀعﻒ أﻤﺎﻛن اﻟتﻌرض ﻟﻠﻔیضﺎﻨﺎت �ﺎﺴتخدام ﻨﻬﺞ ﻤتﻌدد اﻟمﻌﺎﯿیر: دراﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺸمﺎل ﻗطﺎع ﻏزة By Dalya Taysir Matar Supervised by Dr. Khalil Al Astal Dr. Tamer Eshtawi Assistant Professor in Water Assistant Professor in Water Resources Engineering Resources Engineering A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Water Resources Management March /2019 إﻗــــــــــــــرار أﻨﺎ اﻟموﻗﻊ أدﻨﺎﻩ ﻤﻘدم اﻟرﺴﺎﻟﺔ اﻟتﻲ ﺘحمﻞ اﻟﻌنوان: Flood Vulnerability Assessment Using Multi-Criteria Approach: A Case Study from North Gaza ﺘﻘییم ﻤواطن ﻀعﻒ أﻤﺎﻛن اﻟتﻌرض ﻟﻠﻔیضﺎﻨﺎت �ﺎﺴتخدام ﻨﻬﺞ ﻤتﻌدد اﻟمﻌﺎﯿیر: دراﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺸمﺎل ﻗطﺎع ﻏزة أﻗر �ﺄن ﻤﺎ اﺸتمﻠت ﻋﻠیﻪ ﻫذﻩ اﻟرﺴﺎﻟﺔ إﻨمﺎ ﻫو ﻨتﺎج ﺠﻬدي اﻟخﺎص، �ﺎﺴتثنﺎء ﻤﺎ ﺘمت اﻹﺸﺎرة إﻟیﻪ ﺤیثمﺎ ورد، وأن ﻫذﻩ اﻟرﺴﺎﻟﺔ �كﻞ أو أي ﺠزء ﻤنﻬﺎ ﻟم �ﻘدم ﻤن ﻗبﻞ ا ﻻ ﺨ ر� ن ﻟنیﻞ درﺠﺔ أو ﻟﻘب ﻋﻠمﻲ أو �حثﻲ ﻟدى أي ﻤؤﺴسﺔ ﺘﻌﻠیمیﺔ أو �حثیﺔ أﺨرى. Declaration I understand the nature of plagiarism, and I am aware of the University’s policy on this. The work provided in this thesis, unless otherwise referenced, is the researcher's own work and has not been submitted by others elsewhere for any other degree or qualification. اﺴم اﻟطﺎﻟب: داﻟﯿﮫ ﺗﯿﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﻄﺮ :Student's name اﻟتوﻗیﻊ: :Signature ا ﻟ ت ﺎ ر� ﺦ : :Date I Abstract Flooding is one of the prevalent natural disasters that cause serious damage to the population.
    [Show full text]
  • Beneficiary and Community Perspectives on the Palestinian National Cash Transfer Programme
    TRANSFORMING COUNTRY BRIEFING CASH TRANSFERS Beneficiary and community perspectives on the Palestinian National Cash Transfer Programme transformingcashtransfers.org Introduction transformingcashtransfers.org Our research aimed to explore the perceptions of cash transfer programme beneficiaries and implementers and other community members, in order to ensure their views are better reflected in policy and programming. Introduction transformingcashtransfers.org There is growing evidence internationally of positive links Key points: between social protection and poverty and vulnerability reduction. However, there has been limited recognition of the • De-developmental policies, recurring social inequalities that perpetuate poverty, such as gender insecurity and dependency on donor inequality, unequal citizenship status and displacement funding are among the key challenges through conflict, and the role social protection can play in in advancing social protection in the tackling these interlinked socio-political vulnerabilities. Occupied Palestinian Territories. • The Palestinian National Cash Transfer This country briefing synthesises qualitative research focusing Programme is an important but on beneficiary and community perceptions of the Palestinian limited component of female-headed National Cash Transfer Programme (PNCTP) in Gaza1 and households’ coping repertoires. West Bank2, as part of a broader research project in five countries (Kenya, Mozambique, OPT, Uganda and Yemen) by • Programme governance requires urgent the Overseas Development
    [Show full text]
  • North Gaza ¥ August 2011 ¥ 3 3 Mediterranean Sea No-Go Zone
    No Fishing Zone 1.5 nautical miles 3 nautical miles X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF X Y Z AA BB CC DD EE FF Yad Mordekhai Yad Mordekhai 2 United Nations OfficeAs-Siafa for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs As-Siafa 2 ACCESS AND MOVEMENT - NORTH GAZA ¥ auGUST 2011 ¥ 3 3 Mediterranean Sea No-Go Zone Al-Rasheed Netiv ha-Asara Netiv ha-Asara High Risk Zone Temporary Wastewater 4 Treatment Lagoons 4 Erez Crossing Erez Crossing Al Qaraya al Badawiya (Beit Hanoun) (Beit Hanoun) Al Qaraya al Badawiya (Umm An-Naser) (Umm An-Naser) Beit Lahia 5 Wastewater 5 Treatment Plant Beit Lahiya Beit Lahiya 6 6 'Izbat Beit Hanoun 'Izbat Beit Hanoun Al Mathaf Hotel Al-Sekka Al Karama Al Karama El-Bahar Beit Lahia Main St. Arc-Med Hotel Al-Faloja Sheikh Zayed Beit Hanoun Housing Project Beit Hanoun Madinat al 'Awda 7 v®Madinat al 'Awda 7 Beit Hanoun Jabalia Camp v® Industrial Jabalia Camp 'Arab Maslakh Zone Beit Hanoun 'Arab Maslakh Kamal Edwan Beit Lahya Beit Lahya Abu Ali Eyad Kamal Edwan Hospital Al-Naser Al-Saftawi Hospital Khalil Al-Wazeer Ahmad Sadeq Ash Shati' Camp Said El-Asi Jabalia Jabalia An Naser 8 Al-quds An Naser 8 El-Majadla Ash Sheikh Yousef El-Adama Ash Sheikh Al-Sekka Radwan Radwan Falastin Khalil El-Wazeer Al Deira Hotel Ameen El Husaini Heteen Salah El-Deen ! Al-Yarmook Saleh Dardona Abu Baker Al-Razy Palestine Stadium Al-Shifa Al-Jalaa 9 9 Hospital ! Al-quds Northern Rimal Al-Naffaq Al-Mashahra El-Karama Northern Rimal Omar El-Mokhtar Southern Rimal Al-Wehda Al-Shohada Al Azhar University Ad Daraj G Ad Daraj o v At Tuffah e At Tuffah 10 r 10 n High Risk Zone Islamic ! or Al-Qanal a University Yafa t e Haifa Jamal Abdel Naser Al-Sekka 500 meter NO-Go Zone Salah El-Deen Gaza Strip Beit Lahiya Al-Qahera Khalil Al-Wazeer J" Boundar J" y JabalyaJ" Al-Aqsa As Sabra Gaza City Beit Hanun Gaza City Marzouq GazaJ" City Northern Gaza Al-Dahshan Wire Fence Al 'Umari11 Wastewater 11 Mosque Moshtaha Treatment Plant Tal El Hawa Ijdeedeh Ijdeedeh Deir alJ" Balah Old City Bagdad Old City Rd No.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaza CRISIS)P H C S Ti P P I U
    United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian territory Zikim e Karmiya s n e o il Z P m A g l in a AGCCESSA ANDZ AMOV EMENTSTRI (GAZA CRISIS)P h c s ti P P i u F a ¥ SEPTEMBER 2014 o nA P N .5 F 1 Yad Mordekhai EREZ CROSSING (BEIT HANOUN) occupied Palestinian territory: ID a As-Siafa OPEN, six days (daytime) a B?week4 for B?3the4 movement d Governorates e e of international workers and limited number of y h s a b R authorized Palestinians including aid workers, medical, P r 2 e A humanitarian cases, businessmen and aid workers. Jenin d 1 e 0 Netiv ha-Asara P c 2 P Tubas r Tulkarm r fo e S P Al Attarta Temporary Wastewater P n b Treatment Lagoons Qalqiliya Nablus Erez Crossing E Ghaboon m Hai Al Amal r Fado's 4 e B? (Beit Hanoun) Salfit t e P P v i Al Qaraya al Badawiya i v P! W e s t R n m (Umm An-Naser) n i o » B a n k a North Gaza º Al Jam'ia ¹¹ M E D I TER RAN EAN Hatabiyya Ramallah da Jericho d L N n r n r KJ S E A ee o Beit Lahia D P o o J g Wastewater Ed t Al Salateen Beit Lahiya h 5 Al Kur'a J a 9 P l D n Treatment Plant D D D D 9 ) D s As Sultan D 1 2 El Khamsa D " Sa D e J D D l i D 0 D s i D D 0 D D d D D m 2 9 Abedl Hamaid D D r D D l D D o s D D a t D D c Jerusalem D D c n P a D D c h D D i t D D s e P! D D A u P 0 D D D e D D D a l m d D D o i t D D l i " D D n .
    [Show full text]
  • The Tunnels in Gaza February 2015 the Tunnels in Gaza Testimony Before the UN Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict Dr
    Dr. Eado Hecht 1 The Tunnels in Gaza February 2015 The Tunnels in Gaza Testimony before the UN Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict Dr. Eado Hecht The list of questions is a bit repetitive so I have decided to answer not directly to each question but in a comprehensive topical manner. After that I will answer specifically a few of the questions that deserve special emphasis. At the end of the text is an appendix of photographs, diagrams and maps. Sources of Information 1. Access to information on the tunnels is limited. 2. I am an independent academic researcher and I do not have access to information that is not in the public domain. All the information is based on what I have gleaned from unclassified sources that have appeared in the public media over the years – listing them is impossible. 3. The accurate details of the exact location and layout of all the tunnels are known only by the Hamas and partially by Israeli intelligence services and the Israeli commanders who fought in Gaza last summer. 4. Hamas, in order not to reveal its secrets to the Israelis, has not released almost any information on the tunnels themselves except in the form of psychological warfare intended to terrorize Israeli civilians or eulogize its "victory" for the Palestinians: the messages being – the Israelis did not get all the tunnels and we are digging more and see how sophisticated our tunnel- digging operation is. These are carefully sanitized so as not to reveal information on locations or numbers.
    [Show full text]
  • Shelter 2014 A3 V1 Majed.Pdf (English)
    GAZA STRIP: Geographic distribution of shelters 21 July 2014 ¥ 3km buffer Zikim a 162km2 (44% of GaKazrmaiya area) 100,000 poeple internally displaced e Estimated pop. of 300,000 B?4 84,000 taking shelter in UNRWA schools S Yad Mordekhai n F As-Siafa B?4 B?34 Governorate # of IDPs a ID y d e e e h b s a R Netiv ha-Asara Gaza 3 2,401 l- n d A e a c Erez Crossing KhanYunis 9 ,900 r Al Qaraya al Badawiya (Beit Hanoun) r (Umm An-Naser) fo 4 º» r h ¹ a n 1 al n Middle 7 ,200 S ee 0 l-D e E 2 E t Beit Lahiya 'Izbat Beit Hanoun a t i k k y E a e l- j S North 2 1,986 l B lo l- i a a A m h F a - 34 i u r l B? J A 5! 5! 5! d L t 'Arab Maslakh Madinat al 'Awda i S w Rafah 1 2,717 ta 5! Beit Lahiya r af 5! ! ee g 5! S 5 az Ash Shati' Camp l- 5! W Beit Hanoun e A !5! Al- n 5!5! 5 lil 5!5! Al-q ka ha i uds ek K 5! l-S Grand Total 8 4,204 M h 5!Jabalia A s 5!5! Jabalia Camp i 5!5! D S !x 5!5!5! a a r le a d h Source of data: UNRWA F o m n a 5!5! a r a K J l- a E m l a a l A n b 5! a 5!de Q 5! l l- d N A Gaza e as e e h r s City a R l- A 5!5! 5! 5! s d ! Mefalsim u 5! Q ! 5! l- 5 A 5! A l- M o n a t 232 kk a B? e r l-S A Kfar Aza d a o R l ta s a o C Sa'ad Al Mughraqa arim Nitz ni - (Abu Middein) Kar ka ek n ú S ú 5! e b l- B a A r tt Juhor ad Dik a a m h K O l- ú A ú Alumim An Nuseirat Shuva Camp 5! 5! Zimrat B?25 5! 5! 5! I S R A E L n e e 5! Kfar Maimon D a 5! - k Tushiya l k Al Bureij Camp E e Az Zawayda h S la l- a A S 5! Be'eri !x 5! Deir al Balah Al Maghazi Shokeda Camp 5! 5! Deir al Balah 5!5! Camp Al Musaddar d a o f R la k l a o ta h o 232
    [Show full text]
  • National Report, State of Palestine United Nations
    National Report, State of Palestine United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat III) 2014 Ministry of Public Works and Housing National Report, State of Palestine, UN-Habitat 1 Photo: Jersualem, Old City Photo for Jerusalem, old city Table of Contents FORWARD 5 I. INTRODUCTION 7 II. URBAN AGENDA SECTORS 12 1. Urban Demographic 12 1.1 Current Status 12 1.2 Achievements 18 1.3 Challenges 20 1.4 Future Priorities 21 2. Land and Urban Planning 22 2. 1 Current Status 22 2.2 Achievements 22 2.3 Challenges 26 2.4 Future Priorities 28 3. Environment and Urbanization 28 3. 1 Current Status 28 3.2 Achievements 30 3.3 Challenges 31 3.4 Future Priorities 32 4. Urban Governance and Legislation 33 4. 1 Current Status 33 4.2 Achievements 34 4.3 Challenges 35 4.4 Future Priorities 36 5. Urban Economy 36 5. 1 Current Status 36 5.2 Achievements 38 5.3 Challenges 38 5.4 Future Priorities 39 6. Housing and Basic Services 40 6. 1 Current Status 40 6.2 Achievements 43 6.3 Challenges 46 6.4 Future Priorities 49 III. MAIN INDICATORS 51 Refrences 52 Committee Members 54 2 Lists of Figures Figure 1: Percent of Palestinian Population by Locality Type in Palestine 12 Figure 2: Palestinian Population by Governorate in the Gaza Strip (1997, 2007, 2014) 13 Figure 3: Palestinian Population by Governorate in the West Bank (1997, 2007, 2014) 13 Figure 4: Palestinian Population Density of Built-up Area (Person Per km²), 2007 15 Figure 5: Percent of Change in Palestinian Population by Locality Type West Bank (1997, 2014) 15 Figure 6: Population Distribution
    [Show full text]
  • Readiness and GBV Response Plan in Times of Emergency ANALYSIS of MAIN RISKS, VULNERABILITIES and CAPACITY to RESPOND to DISASTER/EMERGENCIES
    Readiness and GBV Response Plan in Times of Emergency ANALYSIS OF MAIN RISKS, VULNERABILITIES AND CAPACITY TO RESPOND TO DISASTER/EMERGENCIES The Project: Strengthening Humanitarian Protection System for Women Survivor of Gender Based Violence in North and Middle Gaza AACID 2017/0CC007/2017 Prepared by the team: Abed El-Monem El-Tahrawi Team Leader Osama Albalawi Consultancy team member/ Contact Person Firyal Thabet Consultancy team member Mariam Shaqura Consultancy team member Submitted to: Fundación Alianza por los Derechos, la Igualdad y la Solidaridad Internacional (Alianza) Feb 2020 CONTENTS 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Research and literature review 2.2 Field work 2.3 Validation workshop 2.4 Drills 3. CONTEXT 3.1 Jabalia 3.2 Nuseirat 4. PLANNING IN AN EMERGENCY. RISK ANALYSIS 4.1 Disasters experienced in the last ten years 4.2 Disaster-prone places 4.3 Who are the most exposed to violence? 4.4 Risk analysis of GBV 5. PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE IN AN EMERGENCY 5.1 Inter-institutional coordination in emergency time 5.2 Places that shelter displaced internally displaced people 5.3 Past Experiences of Communities in Emergency and aftermath. 5.4 The role of women, men, girls and boys in previous emergencies. 5.5 The current Gaps of the CBOs in Emergency response. 6. PREVENTION AND RESPONSE TO GBV 6.1 Previous experience in emergencies, readiness and ability to deal with GBVS 6.2 Current capacity of CBOs in Emergency Preparedness and Response to GBV 6.3 Measures to mitigate GBV risks. 6.4 Community-based capacity to respond to GBV situations in times of emergency 6.5 The logical framework matrix of the GBV emergency plan 7.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coastal Zone of Gaza Strip-Palestine Management and Problems
    The Coastal Zone of Gaza strip-Palestine Management and Problems Presentation for MAMA first kick-off meeting 11-13 March Paris By Dr. Mahmoud Ali Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine 1. Historical Background The coastline of the Gaza strip forms only a small section of a larger concave system that extends from Alexandria at the West Side of the Nile Delta, via Port Said, Bardawil Lagoon, El Arish, Gaza, Ashkalon, and Tel Aviv to the Bay of Haifa. This littoral cell forms the eastern corner of the Levantine Basin (Figure 1.1). This entire coastline, including the coastline of the Gaza Strip, has been shaped over by the sedimentation of the Nile River. Figure 1.1. Gaza Coastline in the Mediterranean Context Beach constructions as roads, restaurants, hotels and other buildings have been constructed, very close to and even right on the active part of the shore, thereby constraining the range of free space needed for the seawater dynamics. Recently after the construction of the fishing Port increased the need to protect the coastal zone of Gaza strip. 1 The coastal erosion is anther threat to the coastal zone. The flooding of ‘Wadi’ Gaza when happens may be increased the erosion rate and therefore effects the structure and the biodiversty of the coast. Constructions between Rafah at the southern border, and Gaza City there are no major coastal structures, which makes the biodiversity are little threatened. The coastline is sandy in most of the areas forming dunes particularly in the southern part. Kurkar cliffs are found between the mouth of ‘Wadi’ Gaza a Dier Elbalah.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents Page V. The Threat to Israel’s Civilian Population and Israel’s Civil Defense Measures ............106 A. Life under the Threat of Terrorist Rocket Fire and Cross-Border Tunnel Attacks .................................................................................................................106 B. Israel’s Civil Defence Measures against Rocket and Mortar Attacks .................107 1. Passive Defence Measures .......................................................................107 2. Active Defence Measures (the Iron Dome System) ................................111 C. Harm Caused to Israel’s Civilian Population by Rocket and Mortar Attacks .................................................................................................................112 1. Civilian Deaths and Injuries.....................................................................112 2. Effects on Children, Teenagers and College Students .............................118 3. Effect on the Elderly and People with Disabilities ..................................121 4. Internal Displacement ..............................................................................122 5. Psychological Damage .............................................................................125 6. Economic Damage ...................................................................................132 D. Conclusion ...........................................................................................................136 i V. The Threat to Israel’s Civilian Population
    [Show full text]