Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Volume 5 Number 1 January 2013 ISSN 2141-2502 ABOUT JPP The Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy (JPP) is published monthly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. The Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy (JPP) is an open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as ethnobotany, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, zoopharmacognosy, medical anthropology etc. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles published in JPP are peer-reviewed. Submission of Manuscript Submit manuscripts as e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at: [email protected]. A manuscript number will be mailed to the corresponding author shortly after submission. The Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy (JPP) will only accept manuscripts submitted as e-mail attachments. Please read the Instructions for Authors before submitting your manuscript. The manuscript files should be given the last name of the first author. Editors Dr. (Mrs) Banasri Hazra Dr. Maryam Sarwat Research Scientist (U.G.C.) C/O A.M. Khan, House No. 195 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Jadavpur University Dr. Yong-Jiang Xu Calcutta - 700032 Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, India National University of Singapore, Singapore. Prof. Dr. Adeolu Alex Adedapo Dr. Yuanxiong Deng Department of Veterinary Physiology, Dept of Pharmaceutical Science Biochemistry and Pharmacology School of Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria Hunan Normal University Tongzipo Road 371, Changsha 410013, Dr. Joana S. Amaral Hunan China Campus de Sta Apolónia, Ap. 1134, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal Prof. Maha Aboul Ela Beirut Arab University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Dr. Asad Ullah Khan Campus Interdisciplinary Biotechnology UNIT Aligarh Muslim University, Dr. S. RAJESWARA REDDY India Assistant Professor, Division of Animal Biotechnology Department of Biotechnology, School of Herbal Dr. Sunday Ene-ojo Atawodi Studies and Naturo Sciences, Biochemistry Department Dravidian University, Kuppam – 517 425, A.P. Ahmadu Bello University India Zaria, Nigeria Dr. Mekhfi Hassane Prof. Fukai Bao University Mohammed the First, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of biology, Oujda, Morocco Kunming Medical College Morocco China Dr. Ilkay Erdogan Orhan Dr. Bhaskar C Behera Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Agharkar Research Institute Ankara, Turkey Dept. of Secience &Technology, Turkey Plant Science Division India Dr. Arun Kumar Tripathi Central Insttute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Prof. R. Balakrishna Bhat P.O. CIMAP, LUCKNOW-226015, Walter Sisulu University India Department of Botany Mthatha, South Africa Dr. Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Faculdade Dr. Mohammad Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan de Veterinária/Laboratório de Doenças BCSIR Laboratories; Parasitárias Av. Paranjana, 1700 Chittagong cantonment; Itaperi - Fortaleza Chittagong-4220; 60740-903, CE - Brazil Bangladesh Dr. Baojun Bruce Xu Dr. Adibe Maxwell Ogochukwu Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University United International College Zhuhai, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Province, University of Nigeria, Nsukka China Enugu state, Nigeria. Dr. Hamad H. Issa Department of Physical Sciences, Dr. Odukoya, Olukemi Abiodun School of natural Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, The University of Dodoma, Faculty of Pharmacy Tanzania University of Lagos. Nigeria. Dr. Gagan Deep Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dr. Qinxue Richard Ding School of Pharmacy, Medical Center at Stanford University, University of Colorado Denver, Palo Alto, Colorado, USA USA Dr. Sulejman Redžic Dr. Fengguo Xu Faculty of Science of the University of Sarajevo Dept of Epidemiology and Public Health, 33-35 Zmaja od Bosne St., Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Sarajevo, National University of Singapore, Bosnia and Herzegovina Singapore Dr. Michal Tomczyk Dr. Haitao Lv Medical University of Bialystok, Medicine and Endocrinology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Albert Einstein College of Meidicine, Department of Pharmacognosy, Yeshiva University, Poland USA Dr. Ugur Çakilcioglu Hassane MEKHFI Firat University, University Mohammed the First, Faculty of Science and Arts, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Department of biology, Elazig Laboratory of Physiology and Ethnopharmacology, Turkey Morocco Dr. Subhash C. Mandal Prof. Samson Sibanda Division of Pharmacognosy National University of Science and Technology Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Cnr Gwanda Road/Cecil Avenue, Laboratory, Ascot, Bulawayo, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Zimbabwe Jadavpur University, India. Instructions for Author Electronic submission of manuscripts is strongly Regular articles encouraged, provided that the text, tables, and figures are included in a single Microsoft Word file (preferably in Arial All portions of the manuscript must be typed double-spaced font). and all pages numbered starting from the title page. The cover letter should include the corresponding author's The Title should be a brief phrase describing the contents of full address and telephone/fax numbers and should be in the paper. The Title Page should include the authors' full an e-mail message sent to the Editor, with the file, whose names and affiliations, the name of the corresponding author name should begin with the first author's surname, as an along with phone, fax and E-mail information. Present attachment. addresses of authors should appear as a footnote. Article Types The Abstract should be informative and completely Three types of manuscripts may be submitted: self-explanatory, briefly present the topic, state the scope of the experiments, indicate significant data, and point out major Regular articles: These should describe new and carefully findings and conclusions. The Abstract should be 100 to 200 confirmed findings, and experimental procedures should words in length. Complete sentences, active verbs, and the be given in sufficient detail for others to verify the work. third person should be used, and the abstract should be The length of a full paper should be the minimum required written in the past tense. Standard nomenclature should be to describe and interpret the work clearly. used and abbreviations should be avoided. No literature should be cited. Short Communications: A Short Communication is suitable Following the abstract, about 3 to 10 key words that will for recording the results of complete small investigations provide indexing references should be listed. or giving details of new models or hypotheses, innovative methods, techniques or apparatus. The style of main A list of non-standard Abbreviations should be added. In sections need not conform to that of full-length papers. general, non-standard abbreviations should be used only Short communications are 2 to 4 printed pages (about 6 to when the full term is very long and used often. Each 12 manuscript pages) in length. abbreviation should be spelled out and introduced in parentheses the first time it is used in the text. Only Reviews: Submissions of reviews and perspectives covering recommended SI units should be used. Authors should use topics of current interest are welcome and encouraged. the solidus presentation (mg/ml). Standard abbreviations Reviews should be concise and no longer than 4-6 printed (such as ATP and DNA) need not be defined. pages (about 12 to 18 manuscript pages). Reviews are also peer-reviewed. The Introduction should provide a clear statement of the problem, the relevant literature on the subject, and the Review Process proposed approach or solution. It should be understandable to colleagues from a broad range of scientific disciplines. All manuscripts are reviewed by an editor and members of the Editorial Board or qualified outside reviewers. Authors Materials and methods should be complete enough to allow cannot nominate reviewers. Only reviewers randomly experiments to be reproduced. However, only truly new selected from our database with specialization in the procedures should be described in detail; previously published subject area will be contacted to evaluate the manuscripts. procedures should be cited, and important modifications of The process will be blind review. published procedures should be mentioned briefly. Capitalize Decisions will be made as rapidly as possible, and the trade names and include the manufacturer's name and journal strives to return reviewers’ comments to authors as address. Subheadings should be used. Methods in general use fast as possible. The editorial board will re-review need not be described in detail. manuscripts that are accepted pending revision. It is the goal of the JPP to publish manuscripts within weeks after submission. Results should be presented with clarity and precision. References should be listed at the end of the paper in The results should be written in the past tense when alphabetical order. Articles in preparation or articles describing findings in the authors' experiments. submitted for publication, unpublished observations, Previously published findings should be written in the personal communications, etc. should not be included present tense. Results should be explained, but largely in the reference list but should only be mentioned in without referring to the