AN EVALUATION OF THE TAXA MURICOPSIS AND RISOMUREX (GASTROPODA: MURICIDAE) , WITH ONE NEW SPECIES OF RISOMUREX

EMILYH. VOKES DEPT. OF GEOLOGY , TULANE UNIVERSITY NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA a nd ROLAND HOU ART (LANDEN , BELGIUM ) SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATOR, INST/TUT ROY AL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES, BRUSSELS

CONTENTS I. ABSTRACT ...... 63 II. INTRODUCTION ...... 63 III. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... 65 IV. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS ...... 66 V. SUPPLEMENTARY LOCALITY DATA ...... 85 VI. APPENDIX-COMMENTS ON THE GENUS MURICOPSIS s.s...... 85 VII. LITERATURE CITED ...... 87

ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE 1 ...... 69 PLATE 2 ...... 71 PLATE 3 ...... 73 PLATE 4 ...... 75

I. ABSTRACT new species, M. (R.) withrowi , described from northern South America. Risomurex is considered to be a sub­ genus of Muricopsis, being distinguished II. INTRODUCTION from the latter by lacking true varices, Olsson and McGinty (1958, p . 40) origi­ having instead only rounded axial ridges. nally described the muricid genus Riso­ All species a·re in the Atlantic Ocean with murex without any comparison to the simi­ the majority found in the tropical western lar Muricopsis Bucquoy and Dautzenber g. Atlantic; three are from West Africa; one is 1882. As the authors noted, "Caribbean from temperate South America . One fossil species of this group have been referred to species, presumed to be the ancestral Ocenebra, Engina , Ricinula , and most re­ form, occurs in the Burdigalian of Franc e cently to Ocinebrina." They included in and Florida. The habitat of all is extremelv their new taxon four species: "Engina ., shallow water, under rocks or coral boui­ schrarn,mi Crosse, 1863 (the type ); "Fusus ·· ders, the deepest known occurrence is no muricoides C. B. Adams , 1845; "Ricinula ., more than 30 m (for roseus) but most are in­ rosea Reeve , 1846; and "Murex " alveatus tertidal. All are small; the largest (neco­ Kiener, 1842. They added that the radula cheanus and gilbertharrisi) are under 25 of R. schrammi is very close to that of "M .., mm in height and most are about 15 mm. In alveatus , which is true , as both Risomu rex all, there are 11 species recognized : two and Favartia, to which alveatus is more fossilforms; one Pliocene-Recent form; the correctly assigned (as subgenus Caribiella), remaining all Recent, of which one is a are now placed in the subfamily Muricop-

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE FOR THIS PAPER ANTHONY D'ATTILIO, Natural History Museum, San Diego , California A. MYRA KEEN , Department of Geology, Stanford University (Emeritu s), Stanford , California J. GIBSON-SMITH, Escuela de Geologia , Minas y Geofisica, Univ ersidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela 63 64 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.rn

sinae, characterized by having a three-di­ conspicuous purple aperture, the radulaof mensional rachidian tooth . the group is muricine, as is the operculum, The only taxon with which Olsson and Morula differs from Risomurex in the na­ McGinty compared Risomurex was the ture of the radula (muricine not murico~ Mediterranean Ocinebrina, no doubt du e sine), in the arrangement of the labrald e­ to Bartsch and Rehder's placement of their nticles, and in having a strong plai t in the "Tritonalia " caribbaea in the subgenu s center of the columellar wall, just opposite Ocinebrina, and Abbott's (1954, p. 44) sub­ the largest of the labral denticl es, greatly sequent transfer of that species to constricting the apertural opening. synonymy with what he then termed In 1971 Vokes considered the genus "Ocenebra (Ocinebrina) muricoides (Ad­ Risomurex as being in the thaid family, ams)." somewhere near Drupa , and did not in­ There is a superficial resemblance be­ clude the species in her "Catalogue of het tween Ocinebrina Jousseaume and genus Mur ex." But , in 1976, Radwin and Risomurex, in that both have non-varicat e D'Attilio observed that the radula, shell, shells, with heavily denticulated aper­ and protoconch of the three species of tures. However, this is due to convergenc e Risomurex are muricid, nearly identicalto and Ocinebrina, as Abbott indicated, is a the genus Muricopsis, and they synon­ subgenus of Ocenebra, placed in the sub­ ymized the two taxa. Their illu strationof family Ocenebrinae. The latter is distin­ the radula of "M. sch rammi " (= M. defor­ guished by having calcitic (not aragonitic) mis) (1976, fig. 112) shows the characteris­ shells, purpuroid opercula, thaid radulae, tic three-dim ens ional rachidian toothof the an d (usually) a sealed siphonal canal. subfamily. For the radula of "Riso­ In addition to Ocinebrina, the member s murex roseus ," unfortunately they illus­ of this group have been placed in a variety trated some ocenebrine species, per haps of muricid, thaid, and even buccinid gen­ Trachypollia nodulosa (Adams, 1845) (com· era. The latter usually has been Engina pare Rad win and D' Attilio , 1976, fig, 110, Gray, 1847 (type species: E. zonata Gray ), with the same authors, 1972, fig. 11). superficially similar with its biconic, non­ Although we are in complete agree me varicate shell and denticulated aperture. nt that Risom urex is closely allied with But , in addition to th e buccinid radula, th e Muricopsis, the non-varicate shell of two shell forms may be distinguished by Risomurex, in contrast to the varicate shell the series of small denticles · extendin g of Muricopsis, seems sufficient justific along the entire length ation of the columellar lip for separating the two* at inEngina. the subgeneric level (compare pl. 2, fig. 11 with others!. Initially most species were described as Thi s deci sion i s further strengthened by "Ricinula" or "Sistrum ," both of which are the discovery of two additional Risomure.r synonyms of Drupa Roding, 1798 (type species, one of which is describ ed below, species : D. morum Roding), a th a id genus that are in turn closely related to a fossil with numerous accessory denticles on th e form described from the Mioc ene of rachidian tooth and a purpuroid oper­ France as "Jania " crassicosta Benoist. culum. However, at the time of this usage , spec ies now referred to Morula Schu­ * macher, 1817 (type species: Morula papil­ This same conclusion was reach ed i ndepen­ dently by Kemperman and Coomans (19 losa Schumacher, 1817, Drupa 84),in = uva Rod­ a paper th at appeared as ours wa s nearing ing, 1798) were also included in Drupa s.l., completion. Their concl usion s are essentially in and there is a stro n ge r res emb lance be­ agreement with ours (considerabl y blunting tween these forms and those here placed the impact of our paper), their most important in Riso murex . contribution being the observation that the The gen us Morula , which is Indo-Pacific shell usually considered to be M. (R.) schramm1 in distribution, includes a group of species by a ll authors since O lsso n a nd McGinty isno! that have heavily denticulated apertures that form but another , which they named asa new species. In our op inion, the species and non -varicate s hell s with nodulose ax ial in que stion is M. (R .) deformis (Reeve), which sculpture . Although resembling members they state is s imil ar to their new species butnot of Drupa in she ll from, especia lly in the the same. No. 2 Muricopsis and Risomurex 65

1873, but which also occurs in the Earlv 5. withrowi Vokes and Houart, n. sp. Miocene Chipola Formation of northwest­ From northern coast of South Americ a ern Florida (see pl. 3, figs. 6, 7). Although (Colombia and Venezuela ), Trinidad , described in the buccinid genus Jania, the Tobago, and Netherlands An tilles. French species is unquestionably a Riso­ 6. rutilus (Reeve ). Ghana , West Africa. murex, the earliest member of the line yet 7. fusiformis (Gmelin ). Senegal, West Af­ discovered. Thus, the group has had a long rica . geologic history of being distinct from 8. suga (Fischer-Piette). Senegal, We st Muricopsis, which first appears in the Mid­ Africa. dle Eocene of California (Muricopsis vis­ 9. galbensis (Jung). Early Pliocene of taensis Givens and Kennedy , 1976). Trinidad. We agree with Olsson and McGinty 10. necocheanus (Pilsbry ). The only temp­ (1958) and Kemperman and Coomans e.rate species, found from centr al (1984)as to the species included in this sub­ Brazil to northern Argentina. genus [excluding "M ." alveatus, which as 11. crassicosta (Benoist ). Early Miocen e noted above is better referred to Favartia (Burdigalian) of France and Florida. (Caribiella) and is perhaps better known to readers as Murex intermedius C. B. III. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Adams, 1850, non M . intermedius Brocchi, The main framework of this paper is 1814.]What there is not agreement on is based upon work done at the British the name by which these species are to be Museum (Natural History ) and the called. The nomenclature of the entire Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle , group is unusually complicated not only at Paris, and to the members of the mollu s­ the generic level but also at the species can sections of these two institutions: John level. D. Taylor and Kathie Way, of the first; and Our studies show there are eleven Philippe Bouchet and J . E. Pointier, of the species that may be assigned to the sub­ second, we extend our deepest gratitude genus Risomurex. These are : for the multitude of favors rendered. In ad­ 1. deformis (Reeve) ( = schrammi of au­ dition, this paper has required more than thors; =mosquitensis Kemperman and the usual amount of borrowing of speci­ Coomans, 1984). Occurring only along mens and seeking of information. For all of the coast of Caribbean Central Ameri­ this help we wish to acknowledge our in­ ca, from the Chinchorro Banks, debtedness to the following persons: the Mexico, to Panama; a single dead late Joseph Rosewater and Thomas R. specimen reported from the north Waller, U. S . National Museum ; Ruth D. coast of Cuba. Turner and David H. Backus , Harvard 2. roseus (Reeve) (of which schrammi Museum of Comparative Zoo logy; Peter Crosse is probably a synonym). Found Hoover, Paleontological Research Institu­ throughout the Antilles and the north ­ tion; Mary A. Garback , Academy of Natu ­ easternmost coast of Venezuela (Sucre ral Sciences, Philadephia; William K. State). Emerson , American Museum of Natur al 3. caribbaeus (Bartsch and Rehder) History; H. E. Coomans, Zoologisch ( = Fusus muricoides Adams , 1845, non Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam; D. F. muricoides Deshayes, 1835). The L. N . Vink, Wassenaar, Nether lands ; R. most widespread of the species, occur­ von Cose!; Geissen, Germany ; Emilio Gar­ ring from the Florida Keys to Bar­ cia, Lafayette, Louisiana ; David G. Robin­ bados, and through the Caribbean son, New Orleans, Louisiana ; Robert Fo s­ from Yucatan to Panama ; however, ter, Santa Barbara , Californa; Pi err e not known from the northern coast of Lozouet, Morigny, France ; Emilio Rolan, South America, except one island off Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain ; and Peter Venezuela. Ry all, Takoradi, Ghana . In particular , for 4. gilbertharrisi (Weisbord). Venezuela South American material , Mr. and Mrs . J. only; Late Pliocene near Caracas and Gibson-Smith, Caracas , Vene zuela, made living only in vicinity of Isla de Mar­ available their extensive collection , per­ garita. mitting us to determine the dis tributional 66 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.19

extent of many of the species for the first Risomurex mosquitensis KEMPERMAN and time. COOMANS, 1984, Zoo!. Mu s. Univ. Amster­ dam, Bull. , v. 10, no . 1, p. 1 , figs. 3, 4. IV. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Risomurex schrammi (Crosse). SARASUAand Family MURICIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 ESPINOSA , 1984, Poeyana, no. 273,p. 3,fig SA (not of Crosse) Subfamily MURICOPSINAE Radwin and . Description : Shell of average size for the sub­ D' Attilio , 1972 genus, height to 15 mm; roundly fusiformand Genus MURICOPSIS Bucquoy and solid. Aperture ovate and narrow ; columellarlip Dautzenberg adherent to shell on its whole surface, two elon­ Muricopsis BUCQUOY and DAUTZENBERG , gate denticle s on ante rior part; anal notch fairly in BUCQUOY , DAUTZENBERG, and deep and strong; outer apertural lip weakly ere-I DOLLFUS , 1882, Moll. Mar. Roussillon, v. 1 , nulate, inner side with five heavy , slightlyelon­ p. 19. gate denti cles , the seco nd being stronger and Type species: Murex blainvillei Payraudeau , more than twice as large as the others. Spire 1826, by original designation. high; protoconch of one and one-half kee led whorl s; five rounded postnuclear whorls. Su­ Subgenus RISOMUREX Olsson and ture slightly impre ssed . Body whorl with eight McGinty or nine rounded axial ridges; apertural varix bearing five short spines. Spiral sculpture con­ Risomurex OLSSON and MCGINTY 1958 sisting of eight or nine major cords; one or two Bulls. Amer. Paleontology, v. 39, no.' 177, p'. on the shoulder , five on the body and two 40. weaker on the siphonal canal; small nodes de­ Type species: Engina schrammi Crosse , 1863, veloped at the intersection of spiral cords and by original designation. axial ribs , g ivin g a nodulose appearance to the shell; other spir a l sculpture consisting of twoor MURICOPSIS(RISOMUREX) DEF0RMIS (Reeve) three intermediate, somewhat squamose Plate 2, figs. 1 -5 threads between each pair of cords . Siphonal Ricinula deformis REEVE, 1846 [plate dated canal short, stra igh t a nd narrowly open. Color "1856" in error], Conch. Icon ., v. 3, Ricinula, light to dark brown with white, cream, or light pl. 6, fig . 44. pink nodes where the spiral cords cross the axial Engina deformis (Reeve). TRYON, 1883, Man . sculpture; protoconch a nd first two spire whorls Conch. , v. 5, p. 192, pl. 62, fig. 37 . pink ; aperture bluish-white, surrounded with Sistrumferrugin eum [ sic} rubidum DALL, 1889, light brown . Harvard Mus. Comp. Zoo!., Bull., v. 18 Holotype: BMNH 196872. ("Blake" Rept.), p. 217. Dimensions of holotype: Height 8.8 mm, diam­ Sistrum Jerrugineum [sic] rubidum Dall. M. eter 5.8 mm. SMITH, 1953, Illus. Cat. Recent Spec. Rock Type locality : TU R-366 , Punta Cahuita , Costa Shells , p. 30. Rica (here designated ). Risomurex schrammi (Crosse). OLSSON and Figured specimens: Fig. 1 , BMNH 196872 MCGINTY, 1958 , Bulls. Amer. Paleontology , (holotype). Fig. 2, USNM 820637, height 12.0 v. 39, no. 177, p. 41, pl. 2, figs. 2, 2a (not of mm, diameter 8.2 mm; locality TU R -366. Fig. 3, Cros se) . USNM 820638, height 14 . 7 mm, diam eter 8.7 Risomurex roseus (Reeve). WARMKE and AB ­ mm; locality TU R-109. Fig. 4, USNM 61199 BOTT , 1961, Caribbean Seashells, p. 106 , pl. (holotype-Sistrum rubidum Dall); height 8.6 mm, 19b (not of Reeve ). diameter 6.5 mm; locality, Utila, Bay I slands, Ocenebra (Risomurex ) schrammi (Crosse). AB­ Honduras. Fig. 5, ZMA 384001 (holotype· BOTT , 1974, American Seashells, p . 184 (not Risomurex mosquitensis Kemperm an and of Crosse). Coomans); height 11. 7 mm, diameter 6.9 mm; Muri copsis schrammi (Crosse) . RADWIN and locality, Puerto Var gas, Costa Rica . D' ATTILIO, 1976, Murex Sh e lls of the Discussion: Tryon (1883, p. 192) was the World , p. 171, pl. 2, fig . 1, t ext fig. 111 (pro - first author to consider the memb ers of I toconch -w orn), 112 (radula) (not of Crosse). Risomurex as a group, assigning them to Risomurex schrammi (Crosse). KAICHER , 1979, Card Cat. World Wide Shells, pack no. 20 the genus "Engina ." He placed E. (Mu ricidae IV ), no. 2010 (not of Crosse). schrammi Crosse in synonymy with Risomurex deformis (Reeve). KEMPERMAN Ricinula rosea Reeve and added that and COOMANS, 1984, Zoo!. Mu s. Univ. Ricinula deformis Reeve was probably Am sterdam, Bull., v. 10, no. 1, p. 5, fig. 5 also a synonym. (holotype). The spec ie s were only fleetin gly men· No. 2 Muricopsis and Risomu rex 67 tioned by Dall in the Blake Report (1889, p. (1984, p. 5 ). Having in our collec tions doz­ 217), where he noted that they should be ens of specimens of M. (R. ) deformis , we referred to the genus Sistrum and added cannot see the validity of their statement that the Caribbean species included "S. and the two are considered as synonym­ roseum Reeve, ... Sistrum nodulosum C. ous . Furthermore, even if they did not be­ B. Adams, [and] S. Jerrugineum [sic] lieve M. deformis to be the correct name Reeve, a beautiful variety of which has the for the form, Dall's "Sistrum Jerrugineum spiral nodules small, elongated, and scar­ rubidum" is available . Although they con­ let, while the rest of the surface is a dark sider the name to be a nomen dubium , vernicose brown. The columella in this "si nce no type material is known, no type form is also a fine red color, and it seems localit y is given and the poor description worthy of separation as a variety makes identification impossible " (ibid ., p. rubidum." 5), we cannot accept any of these argu­ The name "Ricinula Jerruginosa* ments. In the first place , the description is Reeve" has been used for years for a completely unequivocal and could not be species from the eastern Pacific, but the referring to any other species; but what is type specimens prove to be the Atlantic even more important, there is a type speci­ Trachypollia nodulosa (Adams) (see men in the collections of the U . S. N ational Vokes, 1984,for further discus sion). How­ Museum, labeled as coming from "Utilla ever, the scarle t "variety" to which Dall Id. [Utila, one of the Bay Islands], Hon ­ gave the name "rubidum" is a different duras. " Although it is a poor specimen , form that already had the name Ricinula covered at both the apex and the canal by deformis. encrusting foraminifera there is no doubt When Olsson and McGinty (1958) did as to its identity, as may be seen in pl. 2, their study of the group and named the fig. 4. taxon Risomurex they overlooked both de­ The type specimen of "R. "deformis (fi­ Jormis and rubidum, naming what they gured here, pl. 2, fig. 1), as noted by Ree ve considered to be "schrammi Crosse" type (1846, exp!. pl. 6), is "characterized by the of their new genus. Although "Ricinula " depressed obesity of the spire," which is a deformis was described without loca lity result of the apex being broken in life and i:lata, the illustration is accurate and it is replugged by the animal. This is a fairl y curious that this narp.e has been completely normal occurrence among the numerous overlooked in the past. The taxon was so examples in the Tulane collections from obviously pertinent to the study of TU R-366 , Punta Cahuit a, Costa Ric a, Risomurex that a special effort was made .where the species is found in large num­ to examine the type of Reeve's species in bers (see pl. 2, fig. 2). As Reeve gave no the British Museum. One glance was suffi­ locality, Pta, Cahuita is here designated a s cient to realize it is the form, common type locality for "Ricinula " deform is. along the Caribbean coast of P anama and Although the spec ies bears some resem ­ Costa Rica, which Olsson and McGinty blance to the original illustration of "En­ cited as "R. schrammi." gina" schrammi, as shown by Kemperman Thus, it was very surprising to see the and Cooman s, who figured the drawin g recent paper by Kemperman and Coo­ and the type specimen (ibid ., figs . 6, 71, mans in which they described this form as there is not a great deal of similarit y a new species, R. mosquitensis. Had they beyond the gene ric level. The des ignation not been aware of Reeve's name it would of "E." schrammi as type species of be understandable, but th ey figur ed Risomurex by Olsson and McGinty pr e­ Reeve's type and stated that it "resembles sents a problem that may be resolved in beachworn specimens of Risomurex mos­ . According to th e quitensis ... [but] the whorls are more three different ways Cod e of Zoological Nomenclat ure (Art. globose than those of R . mosquitensis" 70a) , if the type species of a genu s is con­ *The misspelling ''ferruginea," which appears sidered to have been misidentifi ed, a peti­ repeatedly in the liter ature, seems to have tion should be made to the Commission to originated with Tryon, 1880, p. 190 and exp !. to designate either: (1) th e nominal speci es pl. 59(a lthough correctly spe lled on p . 233). actually involved; i. e., R . defo rm is ; (2) a 68 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.19 species chosen in conformity with the lected by Emilio Garcia, subsequent toth e usage of the generic name at the time the publication of Vokes and Vokes, 1983). We misidentification is discovered; or (3) the know of no records from the Antillesex­ species named by the designator, regard­ cept Sarasua and Espinosa (1984,p. 31, less of the misidentification, i.e., E. who have reported a single dead specimen schrammi. collected in sand dredged from the bead Kemperman and Coomans have indi­ at La Habana, Cuba . Warmke and Abbot: cated that they intend to recommend solu­ (1961, pl. 19b) figured it (as "R. rose1U· tion no . 1 in their petition and ask to have from the "West Indies" but they gaveDl R. mosquitensis declared type but this will exact location. Likewise, there are Dl simply introduce further problems, as R. specimens known from the northern par mosquitensis is a subjective synonym of of South America (Gibson-Smith, in litt.,5 both M. (R.) deformis and M. (R.) rubidus Jan. 1985). It would seem that M. deformis (Dall). If the third alternative is selected, and M. roseus do not occur in the same leaving E. schrammi as type, this also in­ area, with M. deformis being confinedto vites problems, with E. schrammi being a the Central American coast and M. roseus subjective synonym of M. (R.) roseus to northern South America and the Anti- (Reeve). It seems the most desirable lies. !I course to designate M. deformis itself and remove any possible confusion. MURICOPSIS(RISOMUREX) ROSEUS (Reeve) This small species is more widespread Plate 1, figs. 5-9 than indicated by Kemperman and Ricinula rosea REEVE, 1846 [plate dated "1856' Cooinans (ibid., fig. 1), and is moderately in error], Conch. Icon., v. 3, Ricinula, pl.6. common, usually occurring on the under­ fig.46. I sides of coral slabs in shallow water. In the Engina rosea (Reeve). TRYON, 1883, Man Tulane Collections there are numerous ex­ Conch., v. 5, p. 192, pl. 62, fig. 34. Sistrum roseum (Reeve). DALL , 1889, Harvard amples not only from Panama and Cost a Mus. Comp. Zoo!., Bull., v. 18 ("Blake" Rica, but also from the Bay Islands, off Rept.), p. 217. Honduras, and to as far north as the Chin­ Sistrum roseum (Reeve). JUAME and chorro Banks , Quintana Roo, Mexico (col- SARASUA, 1943, Soc . Malac. "Carlosde la

PLATEl ~~ ~ 1. Muricopsis (Risomurex) schrammi (Crosse) ...... 76 (X5) Coll. J. de C., Mus. Natl. Hist . Nat., Paris (holotype); height 8.8 mm; diame· ter5.5 mm . Locality : Guadeloupe, French Antilles, (Fig. le whitened) 2-4. Muricopsis (Risomurex) rutilus (Reeve ) ...... · 80 2. (X 4) BMNH 1968461 (lectotype); height 12.0 mm, diameter 5.5 mm. Locality: Unknown. 3. (X4) Houart Coll.; height 13.0 mm, diameter 6.2 mm. Locality : Busua Island, Ghana . 4. (X20) Vokes Coll .; height 7.8 mm, diameter 4.0 mm . Locality: '!'akoradi, Ghana. (Whitened) 68 5-9. Muricopsis (Risomurex) roseus (Reeve) ...... · · · · · 5. (X4) BMNH 1968458 (lectoty pe) ; height 11. 1 mm, diam e ter 6.4 mm. Locality: "Island ofMasbate ." 6. (X3-l /2) BMNH 1984186 (paralectotype); height 14.8 mm , diameter 8.1 mm. Locality : Unknown. 7. (X4) Garcia Coll.; height 10.9 mm, diameter 6.2 mm. 8. (X4) Garcia Coll.; height 9.5 mm, diameter 5.0 mm . Locality of both: Shell Beach, Anti gua, B. W.I. 9. (X4) Robinson Coll.; height 11.5 mm, diameter 6.4 mm . Locality: Punta Rucia, Prov. Puerto Plata, Dom . Rep. (Whitened) No. 2 Muricopsis and Risomurex 69

PLATE 1 70 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.rn

Torre,"Rev., v. 1, no. 2, p. 59. World, p. 170, pl.2 , fig. 5, text fig. 109(pr0. Sistrum roseum (Reeve). M. SMITH, 1953, Illu s. toconch), not text fig. 110 (radula o' Cat. Recent Spec . Rock Shells, p . 31, pl. 20. Trachypollia nodulosa? ). figs. 1. Morula rosea (Reeve). CERNOHORSKY,19i i Risomurex roseus (Reeve). OLSSON and Rec. Auckland Inst. Mus., v. 15, p. 76,fig.2 MCGINTY, 1958, Bulls. Amer. Paleontolog~·. (syntype BMNH 1968458). v.39 , no. 117,p . 41. Risomur ex roseus (Reeve). KAICHER, 19i~ Not Risomurex roseus (Reeve). WARMKE and Card Cat. World Wide Shells, pack no.2 ABBOTT, 1961, Caribbean Seashells, p. 106. (Muricidae IV), no. 1996. pl. 19b ( = M. deformis Reeve). Not Morula rosea (Reeve). KAICHER, 19& Not Risomurex roseus (Reeve). GIBSON­ Card Cat. World Wide Shells, pack no.2' SMITH and GIBSON-SMITH, 1972, VI Conf. (Muricidae V), no. 2447 ( = ?Ergalataxb1- Geo!. Caribe, p. 474 ( =M . withrowi n. sp.). catenatus Reeve). Ocenebra (Risomurex) rosea (Reeve). ABBOTT. Muricopsis roseus (Reeve), POINTIER, ERA. 1974, American Seashells, p . 184. VILLE, and DELPLANQUE, 1982, Xen~ Risomurex roseus (Reeve). HUMFREY, 1975. phora, no . 9, p. 9. Sea Shells of the West Indies, p. 139, pl. 16. Risomurex rutilus (Reeve). VOKES and fig. 11. VOKES, 1983, Mesoamer. Ecol. Inst. , Mon.I Muricopsis roseus (Reeve). RADWIN and (MARI Puhl. 54), p. 24 (not ofReeve). D'ATTILIO , 1976, Murex Shells of the Risomurex roseus (Reeve). KEMPERMANan d

PLATE2 Figures Page 1-5. Muricopsis (Risomurex) deformis (Reeve) ...... fi6 1. (X5) BMNH 196872 (holotype); height 8 .8 mm, diameter 5.8 mm. Locality: Unknown. 2. (X4) USNM 820637; height 12.0 mm, diameter 8.2 mm. Locality: TU R-366. 3. (X3-1/2) USNM 820638; height 14. 7 mm, diameter 8. 7 mm. Locality: TU R-109. 4. (X5) USNM 61199 (holotype-Sistrum rubidum Dall); height 8.6 mm, diameter 6.5 mm. Locality: Utila, Bay Islands, Honduras. 5. (X4) ZMA 384001 (holotype-Risomurex mosquitensis Kemperman and Coomans); height 11. 7 mm, diameter 6.9 mm. Locality : Puerto Vargas, Costa Rica. (Photograph courtesy of Zoology Museum Amsterdam) 6. Muricopsis (Risomurex) galbensis (Jung) ...... , 83 (X3-1/2) USNM 645367 (holotype); height 13.8 mm, diameter 7. 7 mm. Locality: Pt. Courbaril, Trinidad; Courbaril Sand Member, Morne l'Enfer Fm. (Whitened) 7-9. Muricopsis (Risomurex) caribbaeus (Bartsch and Rehder) ...... 17 7. (X3) MCZ 186097 (holotype-Fusus muricoides C. B. Adams); height 15.3 mm, di· a meter 7 .1 mm. Locality: Jamaica. 8. (X3) USNM 820639; height 13.9 mm, diameter 7.0 mm. Locality: TU-R-389, Monte Cristi, Dom. Rep. (Whitened) 9. (X6) USNM 472617 (holotype-Tritonalia caribbaea Bartsch and Rehder); height 8.3 mm, diameter 4.0 mm. Locality: Isla de Providencia, Colombia. 10. Muricopsis (?Risomurex) necocheanus (Pilsbry) ...... 84 (X3) Vokes Coll.; height 19.4 mm, diameter 9. 8 mm. Locality: Cabo Frio, Brazil. (Fig . 10a whitened) 11. Muricopsis (Muricopsis) blainvillei (Payraudeau) ...... 64 (X2-l /2) Vokes Coll.; height 22.1 mm, diameter 10.8 mm. Locality: Cartagena, Spain. (Whitened) No. 2 Muricopsis and R isomurex 71

PLATE 2 72 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.I!

COOMANS, 1984, Zoo!. Mus. Univ. Amster­ Type locality: St. Thomas, Virgin lslands(d~ dam, Bull., v. 10, no. 1, p. 5, fig. 8 (syntype). signaled by Kemperman and Coomans, 1984,p Risomurex roseus (Reeve). SARASUA and ES­ 5) . PINOSA, 1984, Poeyana, no. 273, p. 4, fig. Figured specimens: Fig. 5, BMNH 19681; 2A. (lectotype ). Fig . 6, BMNH 1984186 (parale< Description: Shell average in size for the sub­ totype); height 14.8 mm, diameter 8.1 mm;loca genus, to 15 mm in height ; fusiform and solid. ity unknown . Fig . 7, Garcia Collection; heigt. Aperture ovate, narrow; columellar lip erect on 10.9 mm , di ame ter 6.2 mm. Fig. 8, Garcia Co. four-fifths of anterior part , adherent above; one lection; height 9.5 mm , diameter 5.0 mm;localit small node on anterior portion and two e lon­ of both 7 and 8: 3 meters, under rubble, She gate, stronger nodes at the middle; anal notch Beach , Antigua , B. W .I. Fig. 9 , Robinson Collet fairly large and deep; outer apertural lip slightly tion ; height 11.5 mm , diameter 6.4 mm; localitJ crenulate, inner side with five elongate denti­ Punta Rucia, Prov . Puerto Plata, Dom. Rep. cles, the second one the strongest. Spire hig h; Discussion: Cernohorsky (1978, fig. 23 protoconch of one and one-half keeled whorls; figured a syn type of Ricinula roseaReeve five rounded, slightly angular postnuclear noting that the type locality was saidh! whorls. Suture impressed. Body whorl with Reeve to be "Island of Masbate [Philip seven low , heavy , rounded axial ribs; apertural pines]." This is an error, but only the firs! varix with five short spines. Spiral sculpture of many that have plagued this unfortunate consisting of eight major cords: One on the species. As Cernohorsky stated, althoug h shoulder, five on the body, the fifth of these shallowest, two smaller on the siphonal canal; subsequent authors have considered the other spira l sculpture of, usually, two inter­ form to be Caribbean, upon the reference mediate threads between each pair of major of Tryon (1883, p. 192), the shell illustrated cords; a sma ll elongate node developed at inter­ by Warmke and Abbott (1961, pl. 19b)" section of spiral cords and axial ribs. Siphonal not conspecific with Reeve 's syntypes, nor canal short, narrowly open and slightly bent is the radula figured by Radwin and D'At­ dorsally. Shoulder cord, third and fifth cord on tilio (1976, text fig. 110) of a muricine the body and the two cords on siphonal canal species. Cernohorsky is absolutely correct: colored dark brown, almost black; protoconch the problem is that neither of the rt and first spire whorl pink; other parts, including latter the aperture, light to dark pink . ferences is based upon the species herert­ Lectotype: BMNH 1968458 (here designated) . ferred to Muricopsis (Risomurex) roseus. Dimensions of lectotype: Height 11.1 mm, di­ The she ll illustrated by Warmke and Ab­ ameter 6.4 mm. bott is M. (R.) deformis (Reeve) and the

PLATE3 Figures Page 1-3. Muricopsis (Risomurex) gilbertharrisi (Weisbord) ...... 78 1. (X2-l /2) PRI 26205 (holotype); height 20.5 mm, diameter 9.9 mm. Locality : Quebrada Mare Abajo, Caho Blanco, Venezuela; Mare Fm. 2. (X2-l/2) Rolan Coll.; height 21.3 mm, diameter 10.4 mm . 3. (X20) Houart Coll.; height 9.4 mm , diameter 4. 6 mm. Locality of both: Isla de Margarita , Venezu e la. 4, 5. Muricopsis (Risomurex) withrowi Vokes and Houart, n. sp. • •••••.•. 1& 4. (X3) USNM 779868 (holotype); hei ght 16.3 mm, diameter 9.0 mm. Locality: Curac_;ao, Neth . Antilles . 5. (a, b X 3; c X 20) IRSNB I. G. 26, 738/407 (paratype); height 19.5 mm, diameter IO.I mm. Locality: Off Riohacha , Colombia. 6, 7. Muricopsis (Risomurex ) crassicosta (Benoist) ...... · · 8-! 6. (X3) USNM 377394; height 17.3 mm, diameter 9.4 mm. Locality: Saucats, France; Burdigalian. 7. (X3) USNM 377395; height 16 .0 mm, diameter 8.5 mm. Locality: TU 555, Chipola Fm., Florida; Burdigalian. (Fig . 7b, color pattern as re· vealed by ultraviolet light). (All specimens whitened, except figs. le, 4, and 7b.) No. 2 Muricopsis and Risomurex 73

PLATE3 74 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.19 radula given by Radwin and D'Attilio is an for M . roseus range to 30 m off the coastof ocenebrine species, presumably Trachy­ Jamaica (Humfrey , 1975, p. 139), andas pollia nodulosa (C. B . Adams, 1845). much as 25 m on the south coasts of the As Cernohorsky seemingly confirmed Dominican Republic (La Caleta - DavidG . the Inda-Pacific locality of M. (R.) roseus , Robinson, personal communication). But it Vokes and Vokes (1983, p. 24) concluded also ha s been taken in very shallow water that the correct name for the Carribbean in Antigua, B. W.I. (3 m, Garcia Collection species must be "Ricinula" rutila Reeve and Houart Collection) , on the north coast (see below), which has a similar color pat­ of the Dominican Republic (pl. 1, fig. 9,col­ tern but not exactly the same, as sub­ lected in 1 m by David G. Robinson) and in sequent investigation proved. A visit to the beach drift from Turks and Caicos (David British Museum (Natural History) turned G . I:{obinson ). Sarasua and Espinosa (1984, up a number of examples of "Ricinula" p. 4)· state that 15 examples were taken rosea, all of which match the syntypes, and alive at Playa Santa Lucia, Nuevitas , none of which has an Indo-Pacific locality. Camaguey, Cuba, in depths from 1.5 to20 It seems obvious that, as was frequently m on both rocks and coral reefs. Kemper­ the case in the Cuming Collection , the loc­ man and Coomans (1984, p. 5) report it ality is in error and "R." rosea is the Carib­ from St. Thomas , Virgin Islands (which bean species Tryon first recognized. they de signate as type locality) and Poin­ In the type collection of the British tier et al. (1982, p. 9) list it from Museum (Natural History) there are four Guadeloupe, French Antilles. specimens segregated as "syn types ." One The species ha s not been reported from of these (here figured, pl. 1, fig. 5) seems to the northern coast of South America but match the Reeve illustration best and, at Gibson-Smith (in litt ., 5 Jan. 1985) and some point, an unknown person has D.L.N. Vink (in litt., 3 Jan. 1985) both re­ marked an "x" in the aperture with pencil. port taking the species along the coast of This specimen is here designated as lec­ Sucre State, Venezuela. These Venezuela totype. In the collections there is a fifth shells differ slightly from the typical M. specimen, also from the Cuming Collection roseus in that the color pattern is reversed but with no locality data, that is better than between the dark and light cords on the any of the syntypes. It is also figured (pl. 1, upper part of the whorl. In typical M. fig. 6) as a paralectotype. roseus there are two light-colored cords on This species is less common than M . the shoulder and a single dark one at the caribbaeus and M. deform is, both of which periphery . In the South American shell occur in very shallow water. The records there is one light-colored cord at the shoul-

PLATE4 Figures Page 1-3. Muricopsis (Risomurex) Jusiformis (Gmelin) ...... · . · · · 81 1. (X4) Berlin Mus. 37204 (lectotype-Cantharus multigranosus Maltzan; height 14.4 mm, diameter 6. 7 mm. 2. (X4) MNHN (lectotype); height 13.6 mm, diameter 6.4 mm. 3. (a,b X4; c X2O) MNHN (paralectotype) ; height 11.9 mm, diameter 5 .1 mm. Locality of all: Ile de Goree, Senegal. 4, 5. Muricopsis (Risomurex) suga (Fischer -Piette) ...... · · 82 4. (a-c XS; d X2O) USNM 859067; height 9.9 mm , diameter 4.0 mm. 5. (X4) MNHN (paralectotype); height 10.8 mm; diameter 4.5 mm . Locality of both: Ile de Goree, Senegal. 6-7. Trac ypoh llia. turricu al (M a Itzan ) ...... • ... 81 6. (a XS; b X2O) USNM 859068; hei ght 11.0 mm, diamet er 4.6 mm. Locality : Corimba, Luanda, Angol a . 7. (X4) Berlin Mus. 37205 (lectotype); height 12.5 mm , diameter 5.4 mm. Locality: Ile de Gor ee, Senegal. (All specime ns whitened excep t 2a , 3b, 4c, Sb, and 7) No. 2 and R isornure:x: Muricopsis 75

6a

6b

PLATE 4 76 Tulane Studies in G eology an d Paleontology Vol rn

der and two dark ones at the periphery. bord droit epais et arme de quatre dents, doc Otherwise, there is no morphological dif­ l'une (la plu s rapprochee du point d'insertio, ference between these shells and the Anti­ est plus grosse que les autres. L'ouvertureest. llian ones, and it is considered they a re peu pres, droite, resserree par les dentsm fil. only a local color variant. gina les , et par suite et roite: son interieur. d'un rose violace No examples are known from the coast . La base de la coquille canaliculee et se nsiblement prolongee ..Lo ,. of Central America or North America , with gueur 9, plu s grand diametre 6 millimetres the exception of Maxwell Smith (1953, pl. (Crosse , 1863) 20, fig. 1), who correctly illustrated the Holotype : Coll. Jour. de Conchyl., Mus.Na 1 species but stated that his specimen was Hist. Nat. Paris. from "Long Key, Florida." The only Long D imensions of ho!otype:Height 8.8mm , diam- Key known to the writers is at the mouth of eter 5.5 mm . Tampa Bay, and this is a very suspect loc­ Type locality: Guadeloupe, Fr ench Antilles. ality . It is assumed the species is found Figured specimen: Holotype. only in the Antilles, and the northern coast Discuss ion: In a recent paper Kemper- of South America. man and Coomans (1984) have demonstrat­ ed that the Caribbean shell usu ally consid­ MuRIC0PSIS (RISOMUREX) SCHRAMM!(Cross e) ered to be Risomur ex schrammi (Crosse), Plate 1, fig . 1 not that spec ies but a different one, which Engina schrammi CROSSE, 1863 , Jour. de Con­ they de sc ribe as R. mosquitensis. Although chyl., v. 11, p.82,pl . 1,fig . 7. we are in complete agreement withth eir Engina rosea (Reeve). TRYON , 1883, M an . assessment of the two being different, we Conch., v. 5, p. 192, in part, pl. 62 , fig. 35 only. cannot acce pt the new species as beingd is­ Not Risomure x schrammi (Crosse). OLSSON tinct from Risomure x deform is (Reeve)a nd and MCGINTY, 1958 , Bulls. Amer . Paleon­ it is so tre ate d herein . tology, v. 39 , no . 177, p. 41, pl. 2 , figs. 2 , 2a "Eng ina" schrammi was de scribedfro m ( = R . deform is Reeve). Guad e loup e, but to the writers ' knowledge Not Ocenebra (Risomurex) schrammi (Crosse!. no subsequent specimens have ever been ABBOTT , 1974, American Seashells, p . 184 taken . In the extensive collections of mol­ ( = R . deformis Reeve). lusks from that island listed by Pointierel Not Muricopsis schrammi (Crosse). RADWIN al. (1982) and hou se d in the Mus eumN a­ and D'ATTILIO , 1976, Murex Shells of th e World , p. 171 , pl. 2, fig. 1 , text fig. 111 (pro­ tional d 'Hi sto ire Naturelle , Paris, thereare toconch-worn), 112 (radula)( = R. deform is no examples of Risomurex except M Reeve). roseus and M. caribbaeus (as muricoides). Not R isomurex schrammi (Crosse). KAICHER, The holot ype is very faded and today1s 1979, Card Cat. World Wide Shells , pack n o. pale peach color with three narro w brown 20 (Mu ricid ae IV), no. 2010 ( = R. deform is spiral cords. Except for the width of the Reeve). dark bands the shell is indistinguishable Risomurex schrammi (Crosse). KEMPERMAN from M. roseus. Since evidently no oneh as and COOMANS , 1984, Zoo!. Mus . Univ . ever seen another example, we suspect Am ster dam , Bull. , v. 10, no. 1, p. 3 , figs. 6 (holotype ), 7 (J. de C. , v. 11, pl. 1, fig. 7) . that the type specimen is only an aberrent Not R isomurex schrammi (Crosse). SARASUA example of M . roseus and Tryon probably and ESPINOSA, 1984, Poeyana, no. 273, p. was correct when he placed Engina 3, fig. 5A ( = R. d eform is Reeve). schrammi in the synonymy of "E." rosea Description: " Coquille imperforee, epaisse. (Reeve) (1883, p . 192). sub globuleu se, attenuee aux deux extremites et As is discussed under M . ( R.) deformi, de cou leur rose . Les tours de spire, au nombr e above, the name "schrammi " was usedbi de cinq, so nt legerement convexes, munis de Olsson and McGinty (1958, p. 41, pl. 2, figs cotes longitudinales obtuses, et ornes tran sve r­ 2, 2a ) for the form that occurs alongth e sa lement de nombreuses et elegantes lignes de coast of Panama and Costa nodulations: une se ule de ces lignes, placee pr es Rica, whicl de la su ture, est d'u n brun noiratre tres-intense: they cited as the type species of their new sur le dernier tour les lignes transver ses , d 'un ge nus Ris omurex. When one examin es the brun noirastre, sont au nombre de trois , l'une original illustration of E. schrammi (re· pres de la suture , la seconde vers la p arti e figured in Kemperman and Coomans, mediane du tour , la troisieme plu s pres de la 1984, fig. 7) this is an understandable error. base. La columelle est ridee ~t comme plissee, le The most significant difference between No. 2 Muricopsis and Risomurex 77

M. deformis and "E. " schrammi is that in Risomure x muricoides (Ad ams). SARASUA and the first the dark color lines are between ESPINOSA , 1984, Poeyana , no. 273 , p. 4, fig. the spiral cor ds * and in the second it is the 2B. spiral cords themselves that are dark. Description: Shell of average size for the sub­ However, the illustration gives the distinct genus, height to 15 mm; fusiform and solid. impression of a dark shell with light spiral Aperture narrow an d ovate; columella r lip a dherent its entire length, tw o small cords, nodes on of w hich only three are black. As the anterior part; ana l notch moderately deep; can be seen from the photograph of th e outer a pertural lip weakly crenulate on inner holotype (pl. 1 , fig. 1; also figured in Kem­ side with five small, elongate den ticles, the sec­ perman and Coomans, 1984, fig. 6) this i s ond of which is strongest, the fifth ba re ly v isible. not the case. The entire shell is pink, ex­ Spire high and ac ute ; protoconch of one and cept for the three dark spiral cords, as one-fourth slightly carinate whorls; five or six noted in the description by Crosse. elongate and convex postnuclear whorls. Suture impressed. Body whorl with seve n or eight large MURICOPSIS (R ISOMUREX) CARIBBAEUS and moderately st rong axial rib s. Spir a l (Bar tsch and Rehder ) scu lpture consisting of eight m ajor cord s: one on Plate 2 , figs . 7-9 the shoulder , five on the body , and two on the Fusus muricoides C. B . Ad ams, 1845, Bo ston siphonal canal ; one or two weak intermediate Soc. Nat. Hist. , Proc., v. 2, p . 3; CLENCH spiral threads between each pair of major cords. and TUR NER , 1950, 0cc. Pap. Moll. , H a r­ Small elongate nodes appearing at int ersec tion vard Univ. , v. 1, no . 15, p. 313, pl. 39, fig. 9 of axial ribs and SQiral cords, giving the shell a (holotype). (Non Fu sus muricoides De sh ayes, nodulose appearance. Siphonal c anal short, 1835). narrowly open, slightly recurved dor sally . Sh ell Tritonalia (Ocinebrina) caribbaea BARTSCH color from light to dark brown , with certain of and REHDER, 1939, Smith so nian Misc . the spiral cords white: the anteriormost on the Coll., v. 98, no. 10, p . 7, pl. 1 , fig. 1. spire whorls, the third and fifth on the bod y, and Ocenebra (Ocine brina ) muricoides (Adams). the two smaller on the siphonal cana l; pro­ ABBOTT, 1954, Nautilu s, v. 68, p . 44, pl. 2, toconch white or slightly stained with brown . fig. 2 (holotype of caribbaea). Holotype: USNM 472617 . Risomurex muricoides (Adams). OLSSON and Dimensions of holotype: Height 8.3 mm, diam­ MCGINTY, 1958, Bulls . Amer . Paleontology, eter 4 .0 mm . v. 39, no.177, p. 41, pl. 2 , figs. 1, l a. Type locality: "Old Providence I sland , Carib­ Ocenebra(Risomu rex) murico'ides (Adams). AB­ bean Sea" ( = Isla de Providencia, Colombi a) . BOTT, 1974, American Sea shells, p. 184 , fig. Figured specimens: Fig. 7, MCZ 186098 1922. (holotype - Fusus muricoides C. B. Adam s); Risomurex muricoides (Adams). HUMFREY, height .15.3 mm , diameter 7.1 mm ; loc ality, 1975, Sea Shells of the West Indies , p. 140 , pl. Jamaica . Fig. 8, USNM 820639; height 13.9 mm , 16, fig. 9. diameter 7 .0 mm; locality TU R-389 . Fig . 9, Risomurex muricoides (Adams) . RADWIN and USNM 472617 (holotype). D'ATTILIO , 1976, Murex Shells of the Discussion: The name "Tritonalia" World, p. 168, pl. 2, fig. 2. caribbaea Bartsch and Rehder has been Morula ruti la (Reeve). CERNOHORSKY , 1978, universally accepted as a junior synonym Rec. Auckland Inst. Mus. , v. 15, p. 78, in part, not fig. 27 (not of Reeve). of "Fusus" muricoides since Abbott's 1954 Muricopsis muricoides (Adams). POINTIER, paper. Unfortunately, overlooked by all ERAVILLE, and DELPLANQUE, 1982 , was the fact that Fusus muricoides Adams Xenophora , no.9 , p.9. is preoccupied by Fusus muricoides De­ Risomurex caribbaeus (Bartsch and Rehder). shayes, 1835, a French Eocene fossil. Only VOKES and VOKES, 1983 , Mesoamer. Ecol. recently did Cernohorsky (1978 , p. 78 ) call Inst., Mon. 1 (MARI Pub!. 54), p. 24 , pl. 12 , this to our attention, suggesting that the fig. 4 (holotype of F. muricoides Adams) . name "Ricinula " rutila Reeve was the cor­ Risomurex muricoides (Adams). KEMPERMAN rect designation for the species. As is dis­ and COOMANS, 1984, Zoo!. Mus. Univ . Amsterd am, Bull ., v. 10, no. 1 , p . 3,. fig. 9. cussed below, this is incorrect and, there­ fore, the proper name is M . (R .) carib ­ *The light-colored spiral cords , which are nodu­ baeus. lated by the axial ridges, give the appearance Of all the species of Risomu rex , this is of a shell covered by grains ofrice. Presumably the most common and widespread. We this is the origin of the name Risomurex , as riso have it from the Florida Keys , Yuc atan, is the Italian (but not the Latin!) word for rice . and the Bay Islands , to Costa Ric a and 78 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology VoL19

Panama. Adams (1845, p . 3) and Humfrey stream 100 meters west of Quebr ada Mare (1975, pl. 16, fig. 9) recorded it from Abajo, Caba Bl anco, Venuzuela. Jamaica and we have taken it at several Figured specimens: Fig . 1, PR! 2621Ji localities in the Dominican Republic . (holotype ). Fig. 2, Rolan Collection; height11. 3 Sarasua and Espinosa (1984, p. 4) note that mm, diameter 10.4 mm. Fig. 3, Houart Collec. tion; height 9.4 mm , diameter 4.6 mm. Localitv the form is very abundant on Cuban coral of spec imen s in figs. 2 and 3: Isla de Margarit;, reefs . Pointier et al. (1982, p. 9) list it from Venezuela; Recent. Guadeloupe and Radwin and D'Attilio Discussion: Originally described from (1976, pl. 2, fig. 3) illustrate an example the Early Pliocene lower Mare Formation from Barbados. The species is found in the of Venezuela, this form has been disco­ same environment as M . (R.) deformis, oc­ vered living in 0.5 - 1 meter, on algae­ curring in even shallower water, under covered rocks along the coast of Islade rocks and coral slabs that are exposed at Margarita, by Emilio Rolan, of Vigo(Pon­ low tide. tevedra), Spain, who sent the figuredma­ Gibson-Smith (in litt., 5 Jan. 1985) has terial to Houart for identification. In the collected a number of juvenile specimens Gibson-Smith collection (in litt., 5 Jan. on Isla La Tortuga, off the coast of Ven­ 1985) there are a number of beach speci­ ezuela, but otherwise there are no records mens from Juan Griego, Isla de Margarita, from northern South America. Presuma­ as well as a few from Playa Colorado, bly, it is replaced by M. withrowi and M. Santa Fe, Estado Sucre, but this seemsto gilbertharrisi, which occupy basically the be the distributional extent of the species. same environmental niche. Elsewhere it is replaced by M. withrowi. MURICOPSIS (RISOMUREX) GILBERTHARRISI The Mare Formation, based on the (Weisbord) planktic foraminifera , is now consideredto Plate 3, figs. 1-3 be Late Pliocene in age and many of the Drupa (Morula ) gilbertharrisi WEISBORD , species described by Weisbord fromthe 1962, Bulls. Amer. Paleontology, v. 42, no. formation have subsequently been disco­ 193, p. 295, pl. 26, figs. 12-14. vered in the Recent fauna (see Gibson­ ?Risomurex gilbertharrisi (Weisbord). GIB­ Smith and Gibson-Smith, 1979, pp. 24-30). SON-SMITH and GIBSON-SMITH, 1972, VI The environment of deposition of the Conf. Geo!. Caribe, Mem., p. 474. lower Mare Formation must have been Description: Shell large for the subgenus, to very near to that in which the modern 22 mm in height; elongate and solid. Aperture specimens of M. gilbertharrisi were col­ ovate, large; columellar lip with one or two small lected. The fauna comprises numerouse x­ denticles on anterior part; adherent above and erect on four-fifths of anterior part; anal notch amples of Diodora, Fissurella, Tegula,Cal­ strong and deep; outer apertural lip slightly cre­ liostoma, and Turbo, plus the shallow· nulated, with five low denticles on the inner water muricid species that one woulde x­ side, the second slightly larger. Spire high; pro­ pect on a shallow, rocky, Caribbean coast. toconch of one and one-half keeled, whorls; six rounded and elongate postnuclear whorls. Su­ MURI CO PSIS (RISOMUREX) WITHROW! ture indistinct. Body whorl with ten to twelve Vokes and Houart, n. sp. low, rounded axial ridges; no other axial Plate 3, figs. 4, 5 sculpture. Spiral sculpture consisting of eight major cords; one on the shoulder, five on the Risomurex roseus (Reeve). GIBSON-SMITH body and two on the siphonal canal , accom­ and GIBSON-SMITH , 1972, VI Conf. Geol panied by three squamose threads between Caribe, Mem. , p. 474 (not of Reeve ). each pair of major cords. Siphonal canal short, Description: Shell large for the subgenus, t, nar rowly open, slightly recurved at tip. Color 20 mm in height; solid and fusiform. Aperture pink with darker spots where the spiral cords ovate; columellar lip with two or three smalldt I cross the varices; aperture white, margined nticles, reflecting the nodulose sculpture ofthe . with pink or yellow. shell; adherent above and erect on about three Holotype: PRI 26205. fourths of its anterior part; outer aperturallif Dimensions of holotype: Height 20.5 mm, di­ crenulated, with five strong denticles on u; ameter 9.9 mm. inner side, the strongest being the secondPo _;!· Type locality: Lower Mare Formation, in erior one; anal notch deep and narrow. Sptri No. 2 Muricopsis and Risomurex 79 highand acute; protoconch of one and one-half risi may be distinguished from M. with­ keeled whorls; six convex, slightly angulate rowi by having a more narrow, elo ngated postnuclear whorls. Suture impressed and form, with lower and more numerous axial slightlyundulating. Body whorl with seven to ribs; there being seven to nine ribs in M. nine low, broad axial ridges ; no other axial withrowi and ten to twelve ribs in M. gil­ sculpture except growth lamellae. Spir a l bertharrisi. The spiral cords are stronger sculpture consisting of eight major cords, mor e apparent and darker colored on the axial rib s, in M. withrowi than in M. gilbertharrisi, givinga nodulose appearance to the shell, and and the labral denticles are larger. distributed as follows: one on the shoulder; five Nevertheless, the distribution pattern of on the body; and two on the siphonal canal; two the two species is unusual , with M. gilbert­ or three somewhat squamose thread s interca­ harrisi being confined to the Isla de Mar­ lated between each pair of major spiral cords. garita region and M. withrowi occurring all Siphonal canal short, open, very slightly re­ along the coast from Colombia and Ven­ curved dorsally at the tip. Color mauve or ezuela, as far east as the islands of orange to light brown, or almost black, with Trinidad and Tobago , as well as the darker-colored spots where the spiral cords crossthe ribs; aperture white, edged by pink. offshore islands of the Netherlands An­ Holotype: USNM 779868. tilles. Originally described from the Dimensions of holotype: Height 16.3 mm, di­ Caracas area, M. gilbertharrisi evidently is ameter 9.0 mm. now found only farther to the east-and sur­ Paratype: IRSNB I. G. 26,738/407; height 19.5 rounded on three sides by the presumably mm, diameter 10.0 mm; locality, off Riohach a. younger form. Logic dictates that the two Colombia,exac t data unknown. forms should be considered one species Type locality: Curac;ao, Nether lands Antille s. but the morphology of the two is suffi­ Figured specimens: Fig. 4, USNM 779868 ciently distinct that the authors believe the (holotype). Fig. 5, IRSNB I. G. 26,738 /407 (paratype). separation is valid. Both of these South American species Discussion: This new species is named more closely resemble the Earl y Miocene for the late Carl Withrow, of St . Peters­ M. crassicosta (Benoist ) than they do the burg, Florida, who originally recognized other living members of R isomurex. The the paratype specimen as new and sent it three share the extremely ornate spiral to the senior author for description. It may sculpture, which consists of three be compared with three more or less squamose intermediate threads (one closely related species. From M. (R.) de­ larger flanked by two smaller ) between formis it differs by its greater size, its color, each pair of major spiral cords. Only M. and by its more elaborate spiral sculpture. roseus approaches this type of sculpture The latter species has strong nodules at the and in that form the major spirals greatly intersection of the spiral cords and axial exceed in strength the intercalary threads. ridges, which are light pink on a dark-col ­ The color pattern of the two South ored shell; M. (R.) withrowi has darker American species is more akin to that of M . nodules on a light brown or orange shelf. necocheanus than to any of the other The spiral cords of M. deformis are larger American forms of living Riso murex, in and closer together. The columellar lip of that the shell is lighter-colored with the M. deformis is very weakly erect or some­ nodules darker-colored. This is also the what adherent on its anterior part , but that pattern in the ancestral M. crassicosta and of M. withrowi is detached and erect on in the living West African M. suga. In M. three-quarters of its anterior part. deformis the shell is dark and the nodules Muricopsis roseus is a much smaller shell are lighter ; in M. roseus , M. ruti lus , M. with a different aperture, different spiral caribbaeus, and M . fusiformis light -co l­ sculpture and a different, slightly appres­ ored ribs alternate with dark ones. sed suture. According to Dr . Rudo von Cosel, of The most closely related species, M. (R.) Giessen , Germany (in litt ., 1 June , 1984) gilbertharrisi, also occurs in northern the species is found "occ urrin g sym patri­ South America, but so far as is known, the cally with T. nodulosa. It lives on rocky two do not occur together. It is possible shores (mineral, not cor al), und er sto n es that the two are only ecologic varients but, from 0-1 m," in th e vicinit y of Sta. Mart a, on the basis of our mat er ial, M . gilberthar - Colombi a . Several specimens, including 80 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vo!.19

the holotype, have also been taken on the and one-fourth keeled whorls ; six slightlycon­ island of Curac;ao, Netherlands Antilles, as vex postnuclear whorls. Suture weaklyi m­ well as on Aruba (D. L. N. Vink, in litt, 8 pressed. Body whorl with seven rounded axial Nov. 1977). Gibson-Smith advises (in litt., ridges; no other axial sculpture, except growth lines; apertural varix with five short spines. Spi­ 5 Jan. 1985) that this is the species cited as ral sc ulpture consisting of eight cords: one small "Risomurex roseus" (Gibson-Smith and one on the shoulder , five strong on the bodyar d Gibson-Smith, 1972, p. 474) from Bor­ two small on the siphonal canal; other spiral burata (approximately 120 km west of sculpture consisting of two or three intermediate Caracas) , where they have taken numer­ threads between each pair of major cords. tA ous specimens. The Gibson-Smith collec­ the intersection of axial ribs and spiral cords tion also contains examples from as far east small elongate nodes developed , giving a as Carenero (approximately 80 km east of nodulose appearance to the shell. Siphonal Caracas) , Venezuela, and Islas Los canal short , open and slightly recurved dorsally. Shell color gray, siphonal canal darker; shoul­ Roques. Several embryonic specimens der of each whorl darker, with one smallbrow n from Isla La Tortuga (about halfway be­ spot appearing below each node; first, second. tween Los Roques and Margarita) cannot fourth, and fifth spiral cord on the body white, be assigned to either M. gilbertharrisi or the third dark gray; the aperture white with lM . withrowi with any degree of confi­ darker bands. dence. All of the Gibson-Smith material Lectotype : BMNH 1968461 (here designated). was taken in association with coral reefs or Dimensions of lectotype: Height 12.0 mm, di­ with cemented beach-rock (Playa Grande ameter 5.5 mm . only), in very shallow water . In the collec­ Typ e loca lity : Bu sua I sland, Ghan a, WestAf. tions of the American Museum of Natural rica (here de signated). Figured specimens: Fig. 2, BMNH 1968461 History there are several lots of specimens (lectotype). Fig. 3, Houart Collection ; height13 .0 (141494, 93352, 191664) from Tobago and mm, diameter 6.2 mm; locality, Busu a Island, one (93352) from Trinidad. All of these Ghana. Fig . 4, Vokes Collection; height 7.8mm, specimens are unmistakably identifiable as diameter 4.0 mm; locality, Takoradi , Ghana. M. withrowi, with about nine axial ribs. Discussion : Cernohorsky (1978, fig. 27) They are all beach specimens with no figured a syntype of "Ricinula " rutila ecologic data, unfortunately. Reeve and suggested that this was the name to be used for the pre-occupi ed MURICOPSIS(RISOMUREX) RUTILUS (Reeve) "Fusus" muricoides Adams, of the Carib­ Plate 1, figs. 2-4 bean. Vokes and Vokes (1983, p. 24)disag­ R icinu la rutila REEVE, 1846 [plate dated reed with this assessment sugge sting, in­ " 1856" in error), Conch. Icon ., v. 3, Ricinula , stead, that the name should be used for the pl. 6, fig. 49. Caribbean species that was bein g called Engina rutila (Reeve) . TRYON, 1883, Man . "Risomurex roseus ," as the latter was as· Conch ., v. S, p. 192, pl. 62, fig. 36. sumed to be an Indo-Pacific form. As Muricopsis angolensis (Odhner). RADWIN and noted above, suosequent investi gation D'ATTILIO, 1976, Murex Shells of the proved M . roseus is, in fact, the species World, p. 165, pl. 27, fig. 11 (not of Odhner). that has been so considered and is from the Morula rutila (Reeve). CERNOHORSKY, 1978, Caribbean , not the Indo-Pacific , in spiteof Rec. Auckland Inst. Mus., v. 15, p . 78, fig. 27 (syn type BMNH 1968461). the "type locality" of "Island of Masbate." Not Risomur ex rutilus (Reeve). VOKES and Thus , the problem became , what is VOKES, 1983, Mesoamer. Ecol. In st., Mon . 1 "Ricinula" rutila? It is colored very like (MAR I Pub!. 54), p . 24 ( =M. roseus Reeve). the Caribbean M . roseus, but it seem s to Descr iption : Shell of average size for sub­ have a more narrow outline. Searchin g the genus, to 13 mm in height; fusiform and elon­ British Museum and the Paris Mu suemdid gate. Aperture ovate and narrow ; columellar lip not uncover any locality inform ation. adherent above, detached below, with one Then , in the collection of Houart we disco­ small denticle and one sma ll fold on the anterior end, the fold extend ing into the aperture; anal vered, under the label "Muricopsis an· notch deep and large, in a reversed "U" form; golensis ," a specimen (figured here , pl. 1, outer apertura l lip smoot h, with five denticles on fig. 3) that is undoubt edly Reeve' s specie_s. the inner side, the second one strongest, the re ­ The misidentification is a result of Radwin mainder smaller. Spire high ; protoconch of one and D' Attilio's (1976, p. 165) treatm ent of No. 2 Muricopsis and Risomurex 81 the species in question as "Muricopsis an­ mately the same size. Spire high ; pro toconch of golensis(Ohdne r, 1922)." Their description one and one-half keeled whor ls; six postnucle ar and illustration are clearly of this form and whorls. Suture indistinct. Bod y wh orl with 13 to not Odhner's species, which is a synonym 15 low flattened ridges; no other axial sculptur e. ofOraniafusulus (Brocchi, 1814). Spiral sculpture of, on the spire whor ls four , on the body whorl approximately 12 major cord s: Therefore, we can now say that M. nine on the body portion and three on the can al; roseusis the Caribbean form; M. rutilus is with three very fine threads between each pair the West African form; and, although of major cords. Siphonal cana l shor t, narrow ly closely related, they are not the same. In open, slightly recurved at tip. Color reddish­ veiw of geography, it is not surprising that brown, with a white band paralle ling the two this African species is similar in general spiral cords that number third and fourth an­ form to the members of the group in the terior to the suture, appearing adja cent to th e northern South American region, such as suture on spire whorls ; tops of the first two sp­ M. withrowi and M. gilbertharrisi, but it rial cords anterior to suture tipped by golden blotches; aperture same color as she ll. has the banded color pattern of the Carib­ Lectotyp e: MNHN (here designated), speci ­ bean M. roseus and M. caribbaeus. men figured by Fischer-Piet te , 1942, pl. 7, fig. 6. The habitat of M. rutilus is similar to Dimens ions of lectotype : Height 13.6 mm, di­ other members of the subgenus. Peter ameter 6.4 mm. Ryall, of Takoradi, Ghana, who supplied Type locality: Ile de Goree, Senega l, West Af­ the specimen with protoconch figured (pl. rica. 1, fig. 4) advises (in litt ., 27 Oct. 1984) that Figured specimens : Fig. 1, Ber lin Mus. 37204 "this shell is quite uncommon here, in­ (lectotype-Cantharus multigranosus Maltzan , here designated); height 14.4 mm, diameter 6. 7 habiting rocky areas at a depth of 10 to 15 mm. Fig. 2, MNHN (lectotype). Fig . 3, MNHN meters." The areal range of the form is not (paralectotype, here designated ); height 11. 9 known at this time. mm, diameter 5.1 mm. Locality of all: Ile de MURICOPSIS (RISOMUREX) FUSIFORMIS Goree, Senegal. (Gmelin) Discussion : This species has been Plate 4, figs . 1-3 known since the time of Adanson but do es "Le Loset" ADANSON, 1757, Hist. Nat. not seem to have been identified by any Senegal, Coquillages, p. 132, pl. 9, fig. 23. modern collectors . Fischer-Piette (1942, p. Murex Jusiformis GMELIN, 1791, Syst. Nat., 227) noted that it had not been recog niz ed ed. 13, p. 3549 (ref. to "Le Loset " Adanson). since Adanson and the intervening years Ocinebrina loset Adanson. JOUSSEAUME , do not seem to have changed the situation. 1882, Rev. Mag. Zoo!., (Ser. 3) v. 7, p. 332. Cantharus (Pollia) multigranosus VON It was particularly misunder stoo d by MALTZAN, 1884, Dtsch. Malak Gesell. , Knudsen (1956, p. 26) who com bined , Nachr., v. 16, no. 5, p. 68. under the name Tritonali a fusiform is, not Tritonalia (Ocinebrina) fusiformis (Gmelin 1. only "Tritonalia " suga , which is another FISCHER-PIETTE , 1942, Jour. de Conchyl., species of Risomur ex (see below ), but also v. 85, p. 227, pl. 7, figs. 5-8 (syntype s 1; "Cantharus (Pollia)" turricula Maltzan, FISCHER-PIETTE and NICKLES , 1946 , 1884, which is a Trachypollia , and "Canth­ Jour. de Conchyl., v. 87, p. 60. arus (Pollia )" subsinuatus Maltzan, 1884, Tritonalia fusiformis (Gmelin). KNUDSEN, which is a synonym of C. turricu la 1956, Atlantide-Rept., no. 4, p. 26 (in part,, Malt za n. The specimen illustrated, more­ not pl. 2, fig. 20 ( = Trachypollia nodulosa). (?Ocinebrina] fusiformis (Gmelin). VOKES, over , is none of these but is Trachypollia 1971, Bulls. Amer . Paleontology, v. 61, no. nodulosa (C . B. Adams, 1845). Only one of 268, p. 52. the names includ ed by Knudsen is a tru e ?Ocinebrina fusiformis (Gmelin). FAIR, 1976, syno nym, that named "Cantharus (Pollia ;'' Murex Book, p. 45. multigranosus Maltzan 1884; a syntype is fi­ Description:Shell average in size for the sub ­ gured here (p l. 4, fig. 1) and designated as genus, to 15 mm in height; fusiform and solid . lectotype. Apertureov ate, narrow; columellar lip erect on The above-mentioned species share a four-fifthsof anter ior part, adher ent above; one weak denticle occasionally developed at an ­ type loc ality and a small, nodulose, non ­ terior end; anal notch broad and ill-defined; varicate shell-shape but little more. In th e outer apertural lip slightly crenulated, with five two here referred to Risomure x the pro ­ low denticles on the inner side, all of approxi - toconch is of one and one -half keeled 82 Tulan e Studi es in Geology an d Pal eontology Vol.rn

whorls. The species of Trachypollia hav e a Tra chypollia nodulosa and in collectionsof multi-whorled , conical protocon ch. A syn­ th e Mu se um National d 'Histoire Naturelle type of "C. " turricula is figured (pl. 4, fig . P a ri s, all material collected from Luand~ 7) and designated as lectotype ; anoth er ex­ An go la, is referable to Trachypolliatu r­ a mple is figured (pl. 4, fig . 6) showin g th e ric ul a. nature of the protoconch . The color of each of these species is di f­ M U RICO PS IS (RI SOMUREX) SUGA ferent, also. Muricopsis fusiform is is most (Fi scher-Piette ) like the Caribbean example s of Ris o­ Plate 4, figs. 4, 5 murex, having a shell of an overall reddish ­ "L e Su ga" Ad anson, 1757, Hist. Nat. Seneg~, brown color with a light-colored band at Coquill ages, p. 132, pl. 9, fig. 24. the periphery. The tops of the nodes on th e Trito nalia (Ocinebrina) suga FISCHER. two spiral cords immediately anterior to PIETTE , 1942, J our . de Conchyl., v. 85,p. the suture are topped with a golden col or , 229, pl. 7, figs. 9, 10. similar to M . rutilus. Muri copsis suga , on Tritona li a (Ocine brin a) fus iformis var. S1lga (Fi sc her -Pi ette ). FISCHER -PIETTE and the other hand, is light-colored with dark NI CKLE S, 1946, Jour . de Conchyl., v. 87,p. reddish-brown tubercules, which ar e 61. smaller and less darkly colored in a zon e Tr iton ali a fusifo rm is (Gmelin). KNUDSEN, that gives a superficial resemblance to th e 1956, Atla ntid e-Rept., no. 4, p. 26 (in part). light band of M. fus iformis but which is [?Ocinebrina) su ga (Fischer-Pi ette). VOKES, more a nte riorly located, so that the spir e of 1971 , Bull s. Amer. Paleontology, v. 61, no. M. suga do es not show a light b a nd but th at 268 , p. 126. of M. f usifo rm is ha s a light b a nd ju st po st­ Ocine brin a suga (Fischer- Piette). FAIR, 1911, erior to the suture. Mure x B ook, p. 79, pl. 22, fig. 332 (notfi g. 331 , as stated) (lectotype-MNHN Paris). Inasmuch as Gmelin based his speci es Desc ription: Shell small for the subgenus,lo "Mure x" Jusiformi s on "L e Lo set'' of 11 m m in height; fusiform and elongate. Aper­ Adanson , the type lot of Le Loset is th e tur e nar ro wly ovate; colum ellar lip erectan­ type lot of M . fusiform is . In the Adans on te ri orly, appr esse d posteriorl y, with two small coll ec tion , studi ed by Fi sch e r-Piette (1942, folds ex te nding into th e apertur e at the anterior­ p . 227, pl. 7, fig. 5) there are five exampl es, mos t e nd ; anal notch dee p and narrow; outerl ip thr ee large and two sm a ll. Fi scher -Pi ett e slightl y cre nulated , with five denticles on inner did not designate a lectotype but figured sid e, a ll a pp rox imately of same size. Spirehi gh, one of the specimens as "un exemplaire X proto co nch of one and one-h alf keeled whorb; six p os tnucl ea r wh orls . Suture indistinct, body 2." He indicated that it is the one at the wh orl with 12 or 13 flattened axial ribs; only upper right in his figure 5; this specimen is oth er ax ia l orn ament fine growth laminae.S pi­ h ere des ignated as lectotype and refi gured ra l or na m ent ation of, on spir al whorls four, and (pl. 4, fig. 2). On e of th e two small er e xam ­ on b ody w horl usually nine major cords: sixon ples, th at one at the lower le ft sid e of bo dy an d thr ee on siph onal canal; other spiral Fi sc her -Piet te's illustration, is des ignated scu lptu r e consisting of thr ee beaded threadsbe­ as a paralectotype and figured here (pl. 4, tw ee n eac h pair of major cord s; at intersection fig . 3). It has a well-preserved Risomur ex­ of axi a l ri bs and spir al cord s, elongate, flattened typ e keeled protoconch ; however , th e nod es de veloped . Siphon al canal short, nar· ra wl y op e n . Sh ell color whit e, tops of eachaxi al specim en on th e right side is an exampl e of rib m a rk ed with da rk reddish-brown, exce~ Tra chypoll ia turr ic ula , also with a good along a zo ne pa ralleling th e two spiral cords that proto conch but of the multi-whorl ed typ e, numb er fourth and fifth ant erior to the suture, whi ch is doubtl ess p art of th e re ason for he r e only the top s of the nod es colored, giving con fu sion betwee n th e two forms. th e illu sio n of a lighter colored band encircling So far as is known , th e speci es is found th e she ll a t th e base of th e bod y whorl. Aperturi onl y at Ile de Goree , Senegal. Knu dse n whit e . (ibid. ) cited the sp ecie s as occurrin g from L ec totyp e: MNHN (here de signated), speci· th e Cape Verd e Isl and s to An gola, but as me n figured by Fi scher- Pi ette , 1942, pl. 7, fig 10. n oted abo ve, due to co nfu sion of seve ra l Dimen sions of lectotype : Height 10.2 mm, di· diffe re nt spec ies , this di stributi on is su s­ am e te r 4.2 mm . pect. Certa inly, th e exa mpl e that he fig­ Type of loca li ty : Ile de Gor ee , Senegal, We5t ure s from the Cap e Ver d e locality is Afr ica. No. 2 Muricopsis and Risomurex 83

Figured specimens: Fig. 4, USNM 859067; ing because it has a better aperture and height9.9 mm, diameter4.0 mm. Fig. 5, MNHN stronger color. Neither example has a (paralectotype);height 10.8 mm, diameter 4.5 well-preserved protoconch (in fact, none in mm.Locality of both:Ile de Goree, Senegal. the type lot does) , so another specimen is Discussion: Adanson (1757, p. 132) rec~ illustrated , showing that the protoconch is ognized that there are two similar species typical of the Risomurex group. occurring together in Senegal; accord­ All material seen has come from Ile de ingly, he denominated one "Le Loset" and Goree, most from the rocks, but the speci­ the other "Le Suga." He noted that the two men with protoconch came from a lot were frequently seen together but that dredged at 25 m (no doubt the reason it they could be distinguished by the shell of had a well-preserved protoconch ). Knud­ "Le Suga" being smaller, with fewer rows sen (1956, p . 26) indicated that his speci ­ of tubercules, which are smaller, more in­ mens from "Station 38 , Porto Grande, St. flated, and more distinct from each other. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands " should be The color is also different. referred to "variety suga." Howe ver, the Initially, Fischer-Piette (1942, p. 229) in example he figured from "Station 38" is his study of the mollusks of Adanson, Trachypollia nodulosa, as noted above, agreed with this assessment, giving the and there is no other evidence that M. suga name "Tritonalia" suga to the Adanson occurs in the Cape Verde Islands . species, which had never received a Lin­ nean name. But subsequently Fischer­ M URICOPSIS (RISOMUREX) GALBENSIS (Jung ) Piette and Nickles (1946, p. 61) reduced the Plate 2, fig. 6 taxon to the rank of a variety of "T." Risomurex galbensis JUNG , 1969, Bulls. Amer. fusiformis, stating that Nickles had col­ Paleontology, v. 55, no. 247, p. 495, pl. 50, fig. lected a number of specimens, which per­ 10-13. mitted discovery of the transition between Description: "Small, stout. Pro toconch con­ "Le Loset snd " Le Suga. " sists of a little less than 1-1/2 smooth whorls. It is However, we are convinced that Adan­ strongly keeled and flattened above formi ng a son was correc t in his evaluation of these depre ssion at the apex. Postnuclear whorls two forms. The distinctions cited by Adan­ about five. Early sculpture consists of axials (about 10 on first scuptured whorl) son are valid and "Le Suga" may indeed and two spi­ rals form beads at the intersections. On sub­ be distinguished by its smaller, narrower sequent whorls the axials become much shape, fewer rows of tubercles and by the stronger, and the upper spiral forms a shoulder color, which is strikingly different from with acute nodes , where the axials cross. On the that of M. Jusiformis. In coloration it is second or third sculptured whorl another spiral most nearly like the species from South appears close to the lower suture which is noded America: M. gilbertharrisi, M. withrowi, as well. Spaces between spira ls orname nted by and M. necocheanus, all of which have a severa l fine spirals. Body whorl with six to seven noded spirals light-colored shell with d ar k-brown tuber ­ and eight axials , the last ones being varix-like. Unworn specimens show cules . It differs from the American forms, undulating , so mewhat lamellar growt h lines. however, in its smaller size (maximum Outer lip thick, with five denticle s on inner sur­ height less than 11 mm) and narrower out­ face. Inner lip with two inconspicuous lirae on line. Also, it lacks the one greatly enlarged lower part. Anterior canal short. Siphonal fas­ denticle on the inner side of the outer lip ; ciole inconspicuous ." (Jung, 1969) all ofthe denticles are approximately of the Holotype: USNM 645367. same size. Dimensions of holotype: Height 13.8 mm, di­ In the type lot ther e are 12 specimens. ameter 7. 7 mm. One of these was figur ed by Fi scher-Pie tte Type locality: Courbaril Sand Member, (1942,pl. 7, fig. 10) and this same shell was Morne l'Enfer Formation, Pt. Courbaril. later cited by Fair (1976, pl. 22, fig. 332) as Trinidad. "holotype." However, - nowhere did Figu red specimen: USNM 645367 (holotype) . Fischer-Piette mention that it was a type, Dis cussion: The Courbaril Sand fauna, but it was figured only as "un exemplaire according to Jung (1969, p. 306), represents X 2." Therefore, we here desi gnate this a near-shore environment, with many ex­ specimen as lectotype . The shell shown amp les of Diodora , Cerithium , Bittium, herein (pl. 4, fig. 5) was se lec ted for figur- and some 50 examples of mostly worn 84 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.rn

Muricopsis galbensis. It is thought to be Discussion: According to Rios (1975,p Early Pliocene in age. 92) this species occurs on rocky bottoms Although Jung compared his species from Espirito Santo, in central Brazil, lo with the other Caribbean members of Bahia Blanca , Argentina. The type locali~ Risomurex, it most nearly resembles the is Necochea, which is between Balu; more southern (Brazil and Argentina) M. Blanca and Mar de! Plata in northern necocheanus, which has smaller labral Argentina. Although the original spelling denticles and weaker spiral ornamenta­ was as "nicocheanum," this is an error tion. As is noted below, M. necocheanus and, according to ICZN Code, Article differs from the other species of Risomurex 32a(ii), is to be emended. in lacking the keeled protoconch, which The decision to include this speciesa sa M. galbensis does have, suggesting that Risomurex is something of a compromise perhaps it is an intermediate form between The characters that would place it in the tropical, typical Risomurex group and Muricopsis s.s. include no very largeape r­ the more southerly M. necocheanus. tural tooth and a rounded rather than keeled protoconch, as best can be deter­ MURICOPSIS (?RISOMUREXJ NECOCHEANUS mined from the material at hand, allof (Pilsbry) which is eroded. However, if the lackof Plate 2, fig. 10 distinct varices is considered to be them ost Sistrum nicocheanum [sic] PILSBRY, 1900, critical distinction between Muricopsis and Nautilus, v. 14, p . 3. Risomurex, then necocheanus shouldbe Morula necocheana (Pilsbry). RIOS , 1970, Coas ­ placed in the latter. The principal reason, tal Brazilian Seashells, p. 81, pl. 24; 1975. however, for placing it here is the strong Brazilian Marine Mollusks Icon., p. 92, pl. 27. resemblance to the fossil M. crassicosta. no. 381. which also lacks the keeled protoconch. Muricopsis nicocheanus (Pilsbry). RADWIN but has the large apertural tooth, andth e and D'ATTILIO, 1976, Murex Shells of the World, p. 169, pl. 23, fig. 12. similarity of the color pattern to that ofth e Description: Shell large for the subgenus, to Recent M . withrowi, with dark spiralcor ds 25 mm in height; elongate fusiform. Aperture topping the axial ridges. ovate; columellar lip erect anteriorly, adherent The type lot of "Sistrum nicocheanum." above, with two elongate plaits anteriorly, ex­ in the collections of the Academy of Natu­ tending into the aperture; anal notch large and ral Sciences of Philadelphia, consistsof moderately deep; outer apertural lip shallowly eight specimens, all extremely beachworn crenulate, bearing five or six denticles on the Only one of these, the largest, matches the inner side, second (or third when six denticle s measurements cited by Pilsbry (height21.5 present) denticle slightly larger than the other s. Spire high; six slightly convex postnucle ar mm, diameter 11 mm); accordingly, it is whorls and a protoconch of undetermined na ­ here d es ignated as lectotype. The other ture. Suture impressed . Body whorl with six or seven paralectotypes now bear the seve n strong rounded axial ridges, no other museum number ANSP 359103. axial sculpture. Spiral sculpture consisting of eight low cords, more apparent on the axial MURICOPSIS (RISOMUREXl CRASSIC0STA ridges; one cord on the shoulder, five on the (Benoist) body and two on the siphonal canal; three or Plate 3, figs. 6, 7 four intermediate threads between each pair of spira l cords. Siphonal canal short, narrowlv Jania crassicosta BENOIST, 1873, Cat. Saucat• open and slightly recurved dor sa lly. Shell colo·r p . 349. light or dark brown, with darker markings on Janiopsis crassicosta (Benoist). COSSMANK top of the spiral cords, at the intersection with 1901, Essais Paleoconch . Comp ., v. 4, p. 178 the axial ridges; aperture white, sometimes sur­ Muricopsis crassicos ta (Benoist). COSSMANK rounded with a light brown line. and PEYROT , 1923, Linn. Soc. Bordeau\ Lectotype: ANSP 72640 (here designated) . Actes, v. 75, p. 142, pl. 15, fig. 5 (said toalso Dimensions of lectotype: Height 21.5 mm, di ­ be fig . 6, but not there). ameter 11.0 mm. Description: Sh ell large for the subgenus, to Type locality: "Nicochea" [Necochea], Argen - 21 mm in height; solid and heavy. Aperture 1· 1· 1· 1 ..... tina . ovate and narrow ; columeHar lip with two elon­ Figured specimen: Vok es Collection; height ga te nodes ant er iorly ; anal notch moderate!) 19.4 mm , diameter 9.8 mm; locality , Cabo Frio. dee p; outer apertural lip crenulate, five stron, ::::::::::::: Brazil. denticle s on the inner side, the second beingth e No. 2 Muricopsis and Risomurex 85 strongest. Spire high; protoconch of one and American species of Risomur ex, a ll of one-half roundedwhorls; eight or nine slightly which have a color-pattern consisting of angulatepostnuclear whorls. Suture impres sed, darker nodules on a light-colored shell, the undulated by axial ridges. Body whorl with examples of M. crassicosta were subj ected eightheavy , low axialridges, crossed by eight or to soaking in household bleach (so dium nine spiralcords: one on the shoulder , five or six on thebody, and two on the siphonal canal; be­ hypoclorite) and photographed under tween each pair of major cords two fine ultra-violet light. Happily , the color pattern squamose threads.At the intersection of the spi­ proved to be almost identical to the living ral cords and axial ridge s low, elongate node s specimens (as may be seen in pl. 3, fig. 7b ). developed; spiralcords forming five or six short spines on apertural varix. Siphonal canal open, V. SUPPLEMENTARY short, wide and slightly recurved dorsally. LOCALITY DATA Neotype: Cossmann Collection, Dept. de Paleontologie,Universite Paris (VI). The following are Tulane University fossil Dimensions ofneotype: Height 21 mm, diame­ localities: ter 10 mm (fide Cossman and Peyrot, 1923 , p. 555. Chipola Fm. , east bank of Chip ola River, 143). about 1000 ft. above Four Mile Creek (SW 1/4 Type locality: Saucats (about 25 km south of Sec . 29, TIN, R9W ), Calhoun Co ., Florid a. Bordeaux), France. 547. Chipol a Fm. , we st bank of Chipola River , Figured specimens: Fig. 6, USNM 377394, about 2000 ft. above Four Mile Cre ek (SW 1/4 height 17.3 mm, diameter 9.4 mm; locality , Sec. 29 , TIN, R9W ), Ca lhoun Co. , Florida . Saucats,France. Fig. 7, USNM 377395; height 1048. F ar ley Creek, south bank , about 0.8 mi. 16.0mm , diameter 8.5 mm; locality TU 555. east of bridge of Florida Highway 275 (NE 1/4 Sec. 21 , TIN , R9W), Ca lhoun Co ., Florida . Discussion: In the Chipola Formation of northwestern Florida there are rare exam­ The following are Tulane University Re­ ples (seven in all, from TU 555, 547, and cent localities: 1048) of a Muricopsis that proves to be R-109. Fill for refinery, Bahia l as Minas, Isla identical to the species cited by Cossmann Payardi, Panama. (Radioc ar bon dated at 7000yearsB. P. ) and Peyrot ( 1923, p . 142) as Muricopsis R-366. Punta Cahuit a, 42 km south east of crassicosta (Benoist). Unfortunately, Be­ Puerto Limon, Costa Ric a. noist did not figure his species, but as the R-389. Monte Cristi , be ac h near foot of moun­ form is common in the Burdigalian tain , at north side of town , Prov. of Monte Miocene of France, especially at Saucats, Cristi , Dom. Rep . it is presumed that their identification is correct. VI. APPENDIX - COMMENTS The confusion of this species with the ON THE GENUS MURICOPSIS s.s. members of Janiopsis, which is a buccinid , The type species of Muricops is is th e was caused by the presence of the labial Mediterranean "Murex" blainville i denticles and the non-varicate shell . These Payraudeau, 1826. It is closely related to a same chara cteristics also apply to form originally named from the Plio-Plei s­ Risomurex;however , the species does not tocene of Italy as "Murex" cristatus Broc­ have a keeled protoconch . As noted under chi, 1814 . There is considerable doubt if M. necocheanus, if the lack of distinct var­ the two taxa actually represent two biologi­ ices is consi dered as a more important cally distinct species . On the whole , the taxonomic character than the keeled pro­ fossil shells are larger (attaining a usu a l toconch, then M . crassicosta may . be height of 35-40 mm ), more scabrous, with a placed with no difficulty in Risomurex. As proportionally longer siphonal canal. Th e there are spec ies of Muricopsis that have a Recent M . blainvillei is less scabrous, and keeled protoconch, this character cannot has a smaller , broader shape (usual height be restricted to the subgenus. Therefore, it no more than 25 mm ). But both types occur seems proba ble that the unkeeled pro­ in the Recent Mediterranean fauna. Th e toconch of M. crassicosta and M . living form referred by author s to M . cris­ necocheanusis the primitive condition and tatus has a larger light-colored shell in con­ M. crassicosta is the ancestor of the trast to the smaller , darker shell usu a lly re­ Risomurexline . ferred to M . blainvillei. Fair (1976, pl. 17 , Because of the morphological similarity figs . 232, 233) shows both types and a typi­ between M. crassicosta and the South cal example of the living M. cristatus was 86 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.rn

figured by Rad win and D' Attilio (1976, pl. pauxillus (A. Ad ams, 1854) [Murex]; Wes 23, fig. 14). Although the latter was mist a­ Mexico . kenly identified in the plate explanation as radu la (H ed ley, 1899) [Murex] (not M. radula "Muricopsis blainvillei ," in the text (ibid. , Linne) ; Ellice Islands. The sole sampleis an p. 167) the shell is indicated as bein g imm at ure shell, with an incomplete outer\ip, but it see ms referab le to Muricopsis. It ha; thought to be the type of Murex cataphrac­ no valid name that we are aware of. tus Sowerby, 1834, a synonym of M. cris­ tulensis Radwin and D'Attilio, 1976, Wes tatus. Mex ico. Comparison of numerous examples of ze teki Hertlein and Strong , 1951;WestMexi coto both forms does not reveal any consistent E cu ado r , includin g Galapagos Islands, differences, other than size and color. Th e The following species have been refer­ protoconchs of both are identical on e a nd red , at one time or another (chiefly Vokes, one-half rounded whorls, but on the b as is 1971) to the genus Muricopsis , but arebe i­ of a very limited sample (most specimens ter placed elsewher e. are decollated) the protoconch of the cris­ angolensis (Odhner , 1922) [Ocenebra]. Examina­ tatus form is slightly larger than that of th e tion of the type material above showsthis blainvillei form; this may be a reflection of spec ies is a synonym of Orania fusulus the overall larger size . (Broc chi)*; however , the specimen figured It is presumed that the two extremes by R ad win and D' Attilio (1976,pl. 27, fig.11, represent end members of a single clin e, is n ot angolensis but M . (Risomurex) rutilm which is in the process of changing throu gh (R eeve) (see abov e). bombayanus (Melvill, 1893) [Murex]. The Op€r· time . As the name "blainvill ei" is so en­ cu lum with a sub latera l nucleus, plus! he trenched in the literature, it would b e un ­ overa ll shell color and ornamentation, indi­ wise to suggest that the two names be cate placement in Lataxiena . synonymized without more solidly bas ed brachys (Melv ill and · Stand en, 1869) [Mum]. biological evidence to back up the assump­ F air (1976, figs . 236, 236A) and Cernohorsh tion. (1983, fig. 6) have both figur ed the holotype It might seem that the strongly keel ed of Mu rex brachys. It is a synonym "Ricinula' protoconch seen in the spec ies of ec hinata Reeve, 1846, as noted by Cer­ Ri somurex could be considered as diag­ nohorsky , but it is neither a Muricopsis nora Morula, ra th er it is to be referred to theE r­ nostic for the su):>genus; howev er, ga latax in ae in an as yet undetermined Muricopsis pauxillus and M. jaliscoensi s gen us. also have keeled protoconchs. So far as bra z ieri (An gas, 1878) [Murex]. Is a Murexsul known, all other species of Muricopsis s.s. Th e spec imen figured by Radwin and D'AI· hav e rounded protoconchs . tilio (1976, pl. 24, fig. 13) as "Muricopsis A list of Recent species of Muricopsis s.s. bra zieri" is M urexsu l purpurispina (Ponder reco gn ized by u s would include: caledonica (J oussea ume, 1881) [Muricidea]. h armatus (A. Adams, 1854) [Mu rex]; West an Attiliosa (see Vokes and D'Attilio, 1982,p Mexico. 70). blainvillei (Payraudeau, 1826) [Mur ex ] (which infans (E. A. Smith, 1884) [Murex]. The may prove to be a synonym of M. cristatu s1; holot ype of this spe cies (figured by Fair, plus a number of named "varietie s," prob a­ 1976, pl. 17, fig. 228, and Kaicher, 1980, no. bly a ll synon yms; Med iterrane a n . 2560) shows th at it is an Ergalatax. The cristatus (Br occ hi , 1814) [Murex]. As noted species d esc ribed and figured by Radwin above , there is some question as to wheth er and D' Attilio (1976, p. 168, pl. 3, fig. 3)is n~ blainvillei and cri status shou ld be separated M. infans but Muricopsis orri Cernohorsk) at a ll, or perhaps treated as stratigraphic 1976 (see be low). subsp ecies , with the name cristatus app lied iostomus (A. Adam s, 1853) [Murex] (not M. ias· on ly to the P lio-P leistocene members. if syno nymized this is the older taxon. *The specific name "fusu lus " is a noun - little cuspida tus (Sowerb y, 1879) [Mur ex]; Ind o­ spind le - and does not change to agree withthe Pacific. fem inin e Orania . Th e type of the genus Oranio huberti Radwin and D'Attilio, 1976; Lesser Anti ­ is Mur ex spadae Lib asse, 1859, which has usu­ lles. ally been con side red to be a member of the ...... jalis cocensis Rad win and D' Attili o, 1970; We st Cora llip phi lidae; howev er, Murex fusulus Me xico. Brocchi , 1814, is a synonym of M. spadae and ox ytata (M. Smith , 1938) [Mure x ] F lorida and has a radula that indi cates placement in the Caribbean , including Gulf of Mex ico. muricid subfamily Erg alataxinae . No. 2 Muri copsis and R isom ure x 87

tomaSowerby, 1834); Philippin e Islan ds. Th e Li nn. Bord ea ux, Act es, v. 75, p . 73-144, pis. type has been figured by Kaicher (198 0, no. 12-18. 2457),and it is to be refer red to Spinidrupa. DAL L , W. H ., 1889, R e port on th e Mollu sca It has novalid name that we are awa re of. (B la ke Expediti on): P art II , Gas tropod a : medicago(Watson, 1897) [Murex]. Is a syno nym H a rva rd Mu s. Comp . Zoo !., Bull. 18 , Report of M. aradasii Monterosato in P oirier , 1883, 29,49 2 p., 3 1 pis. and is a Murexsu l. Fa ir (1976, pl. 17, fig. 244) FAIR , R. H ., 1976, Th e M u rex B ook , a n illu s­ has illustrated hte type of medicago. tr ated ca talogue o f R e ce nt Muricid ae nitens (A. Adams, 1854) [Murex]. Is an E r­ (Muri cinae, Muri co psinae , Oce nebrinae ). galatax, Fair (1976, pl. 17, fig. 235) and Pri va te ly p rint ed , H onolulu , H awaii. 138 p ., Kaicher (1980, no. 2594) have ill ustr ated the 23 pis., 67 text figs. type. FI SC HER -PIETTE , EDOUARD , 1942, Les Mol­ noduliferus (Sowerby, 1841) [M urex]. Refer red luSques d 'Ad anso n : J our . d e Conchyl. , v. 85, to Attiliosa by Vokes a nd D'Attilio (1982, p. p . 103-366, pis. 1-16. 70). FI SC HER -PIETTE , EDOUARD , a nd MAUR ­ oliverai (Kosuge,1984) [Muricopsis]. Should be ICE NICKL ES , 1946, M ollu squ es noveaux referred toPazino tus (see Vokes, 1985). ou p e u con nu s des co tes de l'Afrique oc­ orri Cernohorsky, 1976 [Muricopsis]. A spec ies cide nta le: J our . de Conchyl. , v. 87 , p. 45-82 , only recently name d (Cern ohorsky, 1976, p. p l. 1, text figs. 1-26. 116, figs 12-20) inh te ge nus Muricopsis, an d GIBSON -SMITH , J ., 1971, Ca bo Bl anco and subsequently transfer red t o A ttiliosa by "B oe ing, B oe ing:" Asoc. Ven . Geo!. Min. Vokes and D' Attilio (1982, p. 71). P etro l., B o!. I nf., v. 14, no . 10 , p . 236-244, 2 purpurispina Ponder, 1972 [Muricopsis]. Po n­ p is. der considered t he ge nera Muricopsis a nd GIBSON -SMITH , J ., a nd W . GIBSON -SMITH, Murexsul synonymous when h e named t his 1972, A co llec tion of m ollusks from I sla de new species (1972, p. 242, pl. 23, fig. 6; text Aves, Venez uela: VI C onf . Geo !. C aribe , fig. 3:28 - radula). We do not acce pt thi s as­ Me m., p . 470-478. signment and consider it b etter place d in HUMFREY, MICHAEL , 1975, Se a shell s of the Murexsul. As noted above, this species was Wes t Indi es. T aplin ge r Pub!. Co. , New York . figured by Radw in a nd D'Attilio as 351 p., 32 pis., 20 te xt figs. "Muricopsis brazieri." JUNG , PETER , 1969, Mioc ene and Pliocene mollusks fro m Trinid a d : Bulls . Amer . P a leo nt o VII. LITERATURE CITED logy, v . 55, no. 247 , p . 289-657, pis. 13-60, tex t figs. 1-4. ABBOTT,R. T., 1954, New Gulf of Mex ico gas­ KAICHER , S. D., 1980, Ca rd c atalogue of tropods (Terebra and Ocen ebra ): Nautilu s, v. world-wide shells, P ack no . 25, Muricidae 68, p. 37-44, l.p 2. (P art V ), figs. 2498-2603. Pub!. by the author, ADAMS, C. B., 1845, Spec ierum novarum C on­ St. Peter sbur g, Fl a . chyliorum, in J amaica repertorum , synopsis: KEMPERMAN , T. C. M ., a nd H. E. COO­ Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. , Pr oc., v . 2, p. 1-17. MANS , 1984, Studie s o n We st Indian Marine ADANSON, MICHEL , 1757, Histoire na tu re lle Molluscs, 1. R iso mur ex mosquitensi s, a new du Senegal, Coquillages . P aris. [Par t 2] Hi s­ Carib bea n spec ies, with r e mark s on the toire des Coquillages, xc vi + 275 p. , 19 pis. statu s o f th e ge nu s Risomurex (Ga stropoda: BUCQUOY, M. E. J ., PHILIPPE DAUTZEN ­ Muricid ae): Bull. Z oo !. Mu s. U niv. Amster­ BERG, and G. F. DOLLFUS , 1882-1886, L es da m, v . 10, no . 1, p. 1-7, figs . 1-12. Mollusques mar ins du R oussillon, v. I-Gas ­ KNUDSEN , JORGEN, 1956, Marine Proso­ teropodes. Paris, 570 p . ( p. 1-84 pub!. 1882 ), br a nchs of tropic al We st Africa: Atlantide­ 66pls. R e pt. no. 4 , p. 7-110 , pis. 1-4. CERNOHORSKY, W. 0 ., 1976, Th e taxon omy MALTZAN , H . F. , VON , 1884, Dia gnosen neuer of some Indo-Pacific Mollusca, pt. 4: Au ck­ Se nega mbi scher G astropod en: Dt sch. land Inst. Mus., Rec., v. 13, p. 111-129, figs . 1- Ma la k. Gese ll., N achr. , v. 16, p . 65-73. 43. OLSSON , A. A., a nd T . L . MCGINTY , 1958, CERNOHORSKY, W. 0 ., 1978, Th e taxonomy R ece nt m arin e mollu sks from th e Caribbean of some Indo-Pacific Mollusca, pt. 6 : Au ck­ coas t of P a nama with the d es cription of some land Inst. Mus., Rec., v. 15, p. 67 -86, figs. 1- new genera a nd species: Bulls . Amer. 40. P aleo ntology , v. 39 , no. 177, p. 1-58, pis . 1-5. CERNOHORSKY, W. 0 ., 1983, Th e taxonomy POINTIER, J . P., J . M. ERAVILLE , and A . of some Indo-Pacific Mollusca, pt. 11 : Au ck­ DELPLANQUE , 1982, Le s c oquilla ges de land Inst. Mus., Rec ., v. 20, p. 185-202, figs . 1- Gu adeloup e : X enophor a (Bull. Club Fr an­ 35. <;a is Coll. Coquill ages ), no . 8, p . 9-12; no. 9, p . COSSMANN,A . E. M., a nd A. PEYROT , 1923, 9-10; no. 10, p . 12. Conchologie neoge niqu e de !'Aquit aine: Soc. P ONDER , W. F ., 1972, Note s on som e Au str a- 88 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol.rn

lian genera and species of the family ogy, v. 2 , Muricinae, Purpurinae. Philadel­ Muricidae (Neogastropoda): Malac. Soc. Au­ phia, 289 p., 70 pis . stralia, Jour., v. 2, no. 3, p. 215-248, pis. 20- TRYON , G. W., JR. , 1883, ManualofC onchol­ 23, 4 text figs. ogy, v. 5 , Marginellidae , Olividae, Columbe!­ RADWIN, G. E., and ANTHONY D'ATTILIO, lidae . Philadelphia, 276 p., 63 pis. 1972, The systematics of some New World VOKES , E. H. , 1971, Catalogue of the gen~ muricid species (Mollusca: Gastropoda) , with Murex Linne (Mollusca: Gastropoda, descriptions of two new genera and two new Muricinae, Ocenebrinae: Bull s. Amer species: Biol. Soc. Washington, Proc., v. 85, Paleontology , v. 61, no. 268, p.1-141. no. 28, p. 323-352, figs. 1-26. VOKES, E. H. , 1984, Compari son of the RADWIN, G. E., and ANTHONY D'ATTILIO , Muricidae of the eastern Pacific and western 1976, Murex shells of the world; an illustrated Atlantic , with cognate species: Shellsa nd guide to the Muricidae. Stanford University Sea Life , v. 16, no. 11, p. 210-215, 2is. p, rn Press, Stanford, California, 284 p. , 32 pis. 192 color figs. text figs. VOKES , E. H ., 1985, Observation s on the REEVE, L. A., 1846, Conchologia Iconica , v. 3 generic placement of two recently describel Ricinula, pis. 1-6. muricid species: Inst. Malac . Tokyo., Bu!, RIOS, E. C., 1975, Brazilian Marine Mollusks v. 2, no . 2, p. 23-24. Iconography. Museu Oceanografico, Rio VOKES , E. H., and ANTHONY D'ATTILIO, Grande, R.G.S., Brazil, 331 p., 91 pis. 1982, Review of the muricid genus Attiliosa SARASUA, HORTENSIA, and JOSE ES­ Veliger, v. 25, no. 1, p. 67-71, 1 pl., 1 extt fig . PINOSA, 1984, Contribuci6n al conocimiento VOKES , H . E. , and E. H. VOKES, 1983, Distn­ del orden Neogastropoda (Mollusca: Pro so­ bution of shallow water marine Mollusca, branchia) en Cuba: Poeyana, no. 273, p . 1-18, Yucatan Peninsula , Mexico: Mesoamer. 6 text figs . Ecol. Inst., Mon. 1 (Midd. Amer. Resh. Inst., SMITH, MAXWELL, 1953, An illustrated Pub!. 54), 183 p., 50 pis., 9 text figs., 3table, catalog of the Recent species of the Rock 1 map. Shells: Muricidae, Thaisidae, and Coral­ WARMKE, G. L. , and R. T. ABBOTT , 1961. liophilidae. Tropical Laboratory, Winder­ Caribbean Seashells . Narberth , Pennsyl­ mere, Florida. 84 p., 23 pis., text figs. 1-z2 . vania. x + 348 p., 44 pls., 34 text figs.,l! TRYON, G. W., JR., 1880, Manual of Concho!- maps and end papers.

July31, 19 86

A NEW SPECIES OF MURICOPSIS (RISOMUREX) FROM WEST AFRICA EMILY H . VOKES TULANE UNIVERSITY and ROLAND HOU ART LANDEN , BELGIUM

After the accompanying paper (Vokes lip undulate ; inner part of outer lip bearingfi,­ and Houart, 1986) was completed, another or six stron g denticles ; third denticle (or secor. new species of Risomurex was discovered when only five denticles present) stronge, on th e coast of Senegal. Because of its rel e­ other s much smaller . Spire high and acute, co: vanc e to the aforem e ntioned work, it sistin g of one and one -half to one and thret seem s a ppropriate to de scrib e it h e re . quart e rs strongly keeled nuclear whorls ar. five to six e longa te postnucl ear whorls. Sutur impr esse d. Body whorl with seven or eig! M U RICOPSIS (RI SOMUREX) SEMINOLEN SIS strong nodulo se axial ridge s. Spiral sculptur Vokes and Houart, n . sp . con sisting of ten or eleven major cords: two thre e s m a ll on th e s hould er; five strong onth · Text figs . 1-3 body with one shallow int ermediat e threa< Descri ption : Sh ell sma ll for th e sub ge nu :s. thr ee oth e r stron g cord s on the siphonal cana from 9 to 11 mm , e longa te a nd fu siform . Ap e r­ Int e rse ction of ax ial rid ges a nd spiral cords gr, tur e na rr ow an d ova te. Colum e llar lip e rect an­ ing a nodulo se a pp ea rance to the shell. Siphon, teriorly; smooth , e xce pt two sma ll fold s on its ca na l short , na rrowl y open, s lightly backwar an terior part. An al notch dee p a nd wid e. Out er be nt. Color o chr e to li ght brown , s tained wit