Barnyards of Findlater Sandend Banff Aberdeenshire
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BARNYARDS OF FINDLATER SANDEND ABERDEENSHIRE - Standing Building Survey - Carried out 22nd March 2009 by Murray Archaeological Services Ltd Report No: MAS 2009-14 by H K & J C Murray H K Murray BA, PhD, MIFA, FSA Scot J C Murray BA, MIFA, FSA Scot, FMA Hill of Belnagoak, Methlick, Ellon, Aberdeenshire AB41 7JN Telephone: (01651) 806394 e-mail: [email protected] Barnyards of Findlater, Sandend, Banff, Aberdeenshire April 2009 Report No. MAS 2009-14 ___________________________________________________________________________________ BARNYARDS OF FINDLATER SANDEND BANFF ABERDEENSHIRE - Standing Building Survey - 1. Background 1.1 A standing building survey was required for the steading buildings at Barnyards of Findlater, Sandend, Aberdeenshire, prior to their conversion for other use. 1.2 The archaeological condition was applied in the context of the National Planning Policy Guideline No 5, Archaeology and Planning, which states that it is necessary for developers to arrange for archaeological work to take place prior to development, in appropriate circumstances. 1.3 Murray Archaeological Services Ltd was commissioned by Findlater Builders LLP to undertake the work. The site element of which was completed on 22nd March 2009. 2. Desk-top survey 2.1 A search was carried out in the Sites and Monuments Record, Archaeology Service, Aberdeenshire Council and in the Sites and Monuments Records of the Royal Commission for Ancient and Historic Monuments in Scotland (RCAHMS) through Canmore, Canmap and Pastmap. 2.2 The 1st, 2nd and 3rd edition Ordnance Survey maps were consulted. Standing Building Survey 2 Murray Archaeological Services Ltd Barnyards of Findlater, Sandend, Banff, Aberdeenshire April 2009 Report No. MAS 2009-14 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2.3 Comparisons between plans have been undertaken using overlays of the existing ground plan. 2.4 Site plans and elevations of the site were kindly supplied by Halliday Fraser Munro Planning on behalf of Findlater Builders LLP and have been annotated and used as a basis for detailed plans of the observed areas. 3. The Site The site lies on the crest of a hill some 1.5 km W of Sandend and c 0.5m inland from the cliffs and the medieval Findlater Castle (NMRS NJ56NW 15). In its earliest form Barnyards of Findlater is likely to have been the site of the farm supplying the castle until its abandonment c 1600. It remained in the Seafield Estate until recently. The 16th century doocot of Findlater (NMRS NJ56NW 42.1) lies c 250m away between the castle ruins and the farm. Parish: Fordyce NGR: NJ 5410 6655 Illus 1 The site, looking N towards the sea Standing Building Survey 3 Murray Archaeological Services Ltd Barnyards of Findlater, Sandend, Banff, Aberdeenshire April 2009 Report No. MAS 2009-14 ___________________________________________________________________________________ Illus 2 Overall site plan 4. Documentary evidence 4.1 Barnyards is shown on Roy’s Military Map of 1747/55 (Illus 3) as a cluster of buildings on or near the position of the present steading. Although none of the present Improvement steading buildings are of this date it is of interest in emphasising that, like the existing 16th century doocot, there was an inland farm supplying the needs of Findlater Castle. Illus 3 Barnyards (of Findlater) as shown on Roy’s Military Map of 1747-55 (www.nls.as.uk) 4.2 The 1st edition Ordnance Survey map, surveyed in 1866 (published 1871) shows the Improved steading, much of which survives. To the N there was a U- shaped steading divided into two bays (Illus 2, Building B). Facing this across an Standing Building Survey 4 Murray Archaeological Services Ltd Barnyards of Findlater, Sandend, Banff, Aberdeenshire April 2009 Report No. MAS 2009-14 ___________________________________________________________________________________ open yard there was a Z- shaped range ( Illus 2 Building C). To the E there was the dwelling with a linear bothy forming the E side of the group (Illus 2, Buildings A). The three roads shown in 1866 substantially still exist; one N to the doocot and castle, one leading S to join the road to Sandend and a track leading W to the field – the E end of this track was later altered to swing S of the buildings. At the W end of the main N range, an outshot may show the position of a mill which would be expected in a farm of this size – the small enclosed field at this point would have been the rickyard. Illus 4 1st edition OS map surveyed 1866, published 1871 (www.nls.ac.uk) 4.3 By the 2nd edition Ordnance Survey of 1894 the central block in the N range has been removed but the E arm remained. 4.4 In the 3rd edition Ordnance Survey map of 1907/8 there are no changes 4.5 An aerial photograph (AAS/83/14/R33/3) taken in 1983 shows little change to the house and the bothies in the domestic range – gardens are clear behind them. A silage clamp (remains of which survive) had been built in the centre of the yard between the buildings. Two buildings had been fitted into the SW space of the Z shaped building (C) and a further building has been put up along the W side of Building C, continuing the line of the W arm of Building B. None of these buildings survive at the time of survey but parts of the flooring are still visible. Of particular interest is the survival at the N end of the W wall of Building B of what may have been a mill, then enclosed by what appears to be a Nissen hut (possible - as much old airfield stock was sold off to farms in the NE) and to the S of that another Standing Building Survey 5 Murray Archaeological Services Ltd Barnyards of Findlater, Sandend, Banff, Aberdeenshire April 2009 Report No. MAS 2009-14 ___________________________________________________________________________________ far smaller lean-to structure against the W wall of Building B. At some point between 1908 and 1986 the E arm of the N range (Building B) had been removed. 4.6 An aeriel photograph (DP 019352 ) taken in 2006 shows the possible mill and the lean-to at the W of Building B removed and all the infill buildings beside Building C removed. 4. Methodology 4.1 The ground plans have been annotated to show details and to indicate differences in the building materials which may help in understanding the development and history of the building. 4.2 The areas recorded were photographed. The full set of photographs will be supplied on CD for the archive and annotated plans in the present report indicate the position of each. 5. The Buildings 5.1 Building A: The Domestic Range The domestic block which had recently been badly damaged by fire and subsequently rebuilt was not part of the survey. The main house was 2 storied of harled stone with a slate roof. Behind at right angles to it there was a row of what had originally been three single storey cottages. They were built of rubble stone, the S cottage having a slate roof (also visible on the 2006 aerial photograph), the other two having red pan-tiled roofs now fallen. All three appear to have had fireplaces and chimneys and to have been domestic. During the recent renovation of the house and the S cottage it was clear that the house was secondary, added on to the existing S gable of the S cottage (pers. comm. Stuart Donald of Findlater Builders LLP). This suggests that as the farm grew in size, the more pretentious house was built and the existing cottages used for farm workers. Standing Building Survey 6 Murray Archaeological Services Ltd Barnyards of Findlater, Sandend, Banff, Aberdeenshire April 2009 Report No. MAS 2009-14 ___________________________________________________________________________________ Illus 5 Building A: the house from the S Illus 6 W side of the house, the S cottage and part of the roofless middle cottage in the domestic range. 5.2 Building B Walls c. 500mm thick of horizontal coursed rubble stone, well faced. Distinctive blacker stone used in wall 1 – this would have been the wall that faced into the original courtyard. Roofs pitched. Clad in corrugated asbestos, fallen in over much of B3. Wall 1 Door 1 W:1.17m H:1.75m stone rybats, concrete lintel. Concrete blocked. Door 2 W: 3.10m H: 1.82m This had unusual rounded sides to the opening. Concrete blocked with a smaller reduced door opening within it, also concrete blocked. Door 3 W:1.25m. Concrete blocked. Standing Building Survey 7 Murray Archaeological Services Ltd Barnyards of Findlater, Sandend, Banff, Aberdeenshire April 2009 Report No. MAS 2009-14 ___________________________________________________________________________________ Window 1 W: 550mm externally, 760mm internally. H: 640mm. Rubble quoins, stone lintel. Internal wooden lintel Window 2 W: 700mm internally. H: 700mm. Stone lintel. Concrete blocked. Window 3 W: 900mm internally H:650mm Concrete blocked. Externally it appears that W3 was originally a door, blocked with stone that is lighter and more quartzite than the rest of wall. Illus 7 Window 3 (concrete blocked) inserted into door opening ( black quoins on RHS) that was filled in with lighter coloured stone before Door 2 broken through to LHS (not visible) Wall 2 Rubble stone, mostly harled. The traces of a lean-to building (now collapsed corrugated iron) against the W end – this also lay up against the N face of wall 3. Door 4 W: 1.4m H: 2.1m Concrete blocked. Door 5 W: 3.9m Height to wall head. Door 6 W: 1.3m Sliding metal door- this would at some point have opened into a lean-to building now collapsed (see above) Window 4 W: 600mm H: 670mm. Visible internally only (harled externally) concrete blocked.