1 More Functions Functions in the Sentence Functions in The
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Functions in the Sentence Su More Functions Pred Complement DO IO SuPred Adverbials, Prepositional Verbs, ObPred and Phrasal Verbs Adverbial 2 Functions in the Sentence Outline of Chapter 5 Subject Adverbials Predicate Prepositional verbs Complement Phrasal verbs Direct object Prepositional phrasal verbs Indirect object Objects and adverbials Subject predicate (or subject complement) Object predicate (or object complement) Eight verb types Adverbial 3 4 Wimbledon Ladies’ Singles 2004 Quarterfinal Draw Serena Williams v. Jennifer Capriati Amélie Mauresmo v. Paola Suarez Lindsay Davenport v. Karolina Sprem Ai Sugiyama v. Maria Sharapova 5 6 1 Wimbledon Ladies’ Singles Wimbledon Ladies’ Singles 2004 Quarterfinal Results Serena Williams 6 6 Jennifer Capriati 1 1 Lindsay Amélie Mauresmo 6 5 6 Serena Paola Suarez 0 7 1 Lindsay Davenport 6 6 Karolina Sprem 2 2 Ai Sugiyama 7 5 1 Amélie Maria Maria Sharapova 5 7 6 7 8 Adverbials Adverbials VP Adverbials are sisters to V-bar. VP Adverbials are sisters to V-bar. Serena Williams beat Jennifer Capriati easily. Serena Williams beat Jennifer Capriati easily. Maria Sharapova beat Ai Sugiyama in a very Maria Sharapova beat Ai Sugiyama in a very exciting three-set match. exciting three-set match. Venus Williams spoke glowingly of her sister. Venus Williams spoke glowingly of her sister. 9 10 Adverbials Adverbials VP Adverbials are not selected by the verb, and they Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and are movable. clauses. Serena Williams beat Jennifer Capriati easily. Serena beat Jennifer easily. Serena Williams easily beat Jennifer Capriati. Lin dsay Davenpor t bea t Karo lina Sprem in the Maria Sharapova beat Ai Sugiyama in a very exciting quarterfinals. three-set match. In a very exciting three-set match, Maria Sharapova beat Ai Sugiyama. Karolina left Wimbledon the next day. Venus Williams spoke glowingly of her sister. After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria Venus Williams spoke of her sister glowingly. will now play Lindsay. 11 12 2 Adverbials Adverbials Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and clauses. clauses. Serena beat Jennifer easily. Serena beat Jennifer easily. Lin dsay Davenpor t bea t Karo lina Sprem in the Lin dsay Davenpor t bea t Karo lina Sprem ithin the quarterfinals. quarterfinals. Karolina left Wimbledon the next day. Karolina left Wimbledon the next day. After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria will now play Lindsay. will now play Lindsay. 13 14 Adverbials Adverbials Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and Adverbials are realized as AdvPs, PPs, NPs, and clauses. clauses. Serena beat Jennifer easily. Serena beat Jennifer easily. Lin dsay Davenpor t bea t Karo lina Sprem in the Lin dsay Davenpor t bea t Karo lina Sprem in the quarterfinals. quarterfinals. Karolina left Wimbledon the next day. Karolina left Wimbledon the next day. After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria After she beat Ai Sugiyama in the quarterfinals, Maria will now play Lindsay. will now play Lindsay. 15 16 Identify the Adverbial Identify the Adverbial Serena Williams bashes Serena Williams bashes out a forehand as she out a forehand as she demolishes Jennifer demolishes Jennifer Capriati. Capriati. 17 18 3 Identify the Adverbial Identify the Adverbial Amélie Mauresmo Amélie Mauresmo stretches for a forehand stretches for a forehand volley in her match volley in her match against Paola Suarez. against Paola Suarez. 19 20 Adverbials Adverbials Sentence adverbials are sisters to S-bar. Sentence adverbials express the opinion and mood of the speaker. Unfortunately, Venus Williams was defeated by Unfortunately, Venus Williams was defeated by Karolina Sprem in the second round. Karolina Sprem in the second round. In a controversial match, the Chair Umpire made a In a controversial match, the Chair Umpire made a mistake which ended up with the score being called mistake which ended up with the score being called wrongly in the tie-break of the second set. With the wrongly in the tie-break of the second set. With the score at 2-1 in the tie-break, the umpire incorrectly score at 2-1 in the tie-break, the umpire incorrectly awarded Sprem a point. Williams went on to move to awarded Sprem a point. Williams went on to move to four set points at 6-3 but Sprem took the next five point four set points at 6-3 but Sprem took the next five point in a row to take the set and the match. in a row to take the set and the match. 21 22 Adverbials Sentence Adverbial Sentence adverbials connect one sentence to another. Unfortunately, Venus Williams was defeated by Karolina Sprem in the second round. In a controversial match, the Chair Umpire made a Frankly my mistake which ended up with the score being called wrongly in the tie-break of the second set. With the dear, I don’t score at 2-1 in the tie-break, the umpire incorrectly awarded Sprem a point. Williams went on to move to give damn. four set points at 6-3 but Sprem took the next five points in a row to take the set and the match. 23 24 4 VP-Adverbial or S-Adverbial? VP-Adverbial or S-Adverbial? 1. Hopefully, Serena definitely will do better than what 1. [Hopefully], Serena [definitely] will do better [than I did two years ago. what I did two years ago]. 2. She has been acting very funny ever since the 2. She has been acting very funny [ever since the operation. operation]. 3. Not surprisingly, France is home to some of the 3. [Not surprisingly], France is home to some of the biggest makers of oak barrels. biggest makers of oak barrels. 4. We waited hopefully outside the locked door. 4. We waited [hopefully] [outside the locked door]. 5. Oddly enough, the show wasn't funny enough. 5. [Funnily enough], the show wasn't funny enough. 6. Unemployment fell surprisingly last month. 6. Unemployment fell [surprisingly] [last month]. 25 26 Prepositional Verb Prepositional Verbs 1. stretch for 2. abide by 3. refer to 4. glance at 5. lean against 6. add to Amélie Mauresmo 7. allow for stretches for a forehand 8. care for volley in her match 9. insist on against Paola Suarez. 10. yearn for 27 28 Prepositional Verbs Require a PP Prepositional Verbs Can Be Passivized 1. The forehand … 1. Amélie stretches for a 2. The rules … forehand. 2. I abide by the rules. VP 3. A dictionary … 3. I referred to a dictionary. 4. The clock … PP 4. We glanced at the clock. V 5. The table … 5. He leaned against the table. 6. My troubles … 6. That adds to my troubles. PNP 7. Injuries … 7. We must allow for injuries. 8. They care for the sick. 8. The sick … 9. We insist on our rights. stretches for a forehand 9. Our rights … 10. She yearns for the open air. 10. The open air … 29 30 5 Prepositional Verbs Can Be Passivized Phrasal Verb 1. The forehand stroke was stretched for. 2. The rules were abided by. 3. A dictionary was referred to. 4. The clock was glanced at. 5. The table was leaned against. 6. My troubles were added to. 7. Injuries were allowed for. Serena Williams bashes 8. The sick were cared for. out a forehand as she demolishes Jennifer 9. Our rights were insisted on. Capriati. 10. The open air was yearned for. 31 32 Phrasal Verbs Phrasal Verbs are Verb + Particle 1. bash out 1. Serena bashes out a forehand. 2. call up 2. I called up the mayor. 3. bring up 3. He brought up a good VP point. 4. cover up 4. Theyyp covered up the V NP 5. take away scandal. 6. turn in 5. They took away my privileges. DN 7. put down 6. She turned in her 8. take off assignment. 7. The army put down the 9. hand in revolt. bashes out a forehand 10. put on 8. Take off your shoes. 9. Hand over the champagne. 33 10. Put on a CD. 34 Phrasal Verbs Allow Object Three Tests for Prepositional or Movement Phrasal Verbs 1. She bashes out a forehand 1. She bashes it out. 2. I called up the mayor. 2. I called him up. 3. He brought up a good 3. He brought one up. 1. Pausing point. 4. They covered up the 4. They covered it up. scandal. 5. They took away my 5. They took them away. 2. Coordination privileges. 6. She turned in her 6. She turned it in. assignment. 7. The army put down the 7. The army put it down. 3. Movement revolt. 8. Take off your shoes. 8. Take them off. 9. Hand over the champagne. 9. Hand it over. 10. Put on a CD. 10. Put one on. 35 36 6 Three Tests for Prepositional or Three Tests for Prepositional or Phrasal Verbs Phrasal Verbs Test #1 Test #2 A pause can occur between a phrasal verb NP objects of prepositional verbs can be coordinated, and its direct object, but a particle of a phrasal verb cannot be coordinated but a pause cannot occur between the verb with an NP. and the particle. I glanced at the clock and my friend. I called up ––– the mayor. *They covered up the scandal and the hole in the carpet. * I called ––– up the mayor. So glance at is a prepositional verb. So, call up is a phrasal verb. But cover up is a phrasal verb. 37 38 Three Tests for Prepositional or Prepositional Phrasal Verb Phrasal Verbs Test #3 The NP object of a prepositional verb can be moved, but the particle and the NP cannot be moved.