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Ukraine Page - 2 Ukraine 2004 Update Ukraine Page - 2 Ukraine HIV/AIDS estimates In 2003 and during the first quarter of 2004, UNAIDS and WHO worked closely with national governments and UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global research institutions to recalculate current estimates on people living with HIV/AIDS. These calculations are based on the previously published estimates for 1999 and 2001 and recent trends in HIV/AIDS surveillance in HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance various populations. A methodology developed in collaboration with an international group of Global Surveillance of HIV/AIDS and sexually experts was used to calculate the new estimates on prevalence and incidence of HIV and AIDS deaths, as well transmitted infections (STIs) is a joint effort of as the number of children infected through mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Different approaches were WHO and UNAIDS. The UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on used to estimate HIV prevalence in countries with low-level, concentrated or generalised epidemics. The Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance, initiated in November current estimates do not claim to be an exact count of infections. Rather, they use a methodology that has thus 1996, guides respective activities. The primary objective of the far proved accurate in producing estimates that give a good indication of the magnitude of the epidemic in Working Group is to strengthen national, regional and global individual countries. However, these estimates are constantly being revised as countries improve their structures and networks for improved monitoring and surveillance systems and collect more information. surveillance of HIV/AIDS and STIs. For this purpose, the Working Group collaborates closely with national AIDS Adults in this report are defined as women and men aged 15 to 49. This age range covers people in their most programmes and a number of national and international experts sexually active years. While the risk of HIV infection obviously continues beyond the age of 50, the vast and institutions. The goal of this collaboration is to compile the majority of those who engage in substantial risk behaviours are likely to be infected by this age. The 15 to 49 best information available and to improve the quality of data range was used as the denominator in calculating adult HIV prevalence. needed for informed decision-making and planning at national, regional, and global levels. The Epidemiological Fact Sheets are Estimated number of adults and children living with HIV/AIDS, end of 2003 one of the products of this close and fruitful collaboration across the globe. These estimates include all people with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS, alive at the end of 2003: Within this framework, the Fact Sheets collate the most recent country-specific data on HIV/AIDS prevalence and incidence, Adults and children 360,000 together with information on behaviours (e.g. casual sex and Low estimate 180,000 High estimate 590,000 condom use) which can spur or stem the transmission of HIV. Adults (15-49) 360,000 Adult rate (%) 1.4 Low estimate 170,000 Low estimate 0.7 Not unexpectedly, information on all of the agreed upon High estimate 580,000 High estimate 2.3 indicators was not available for many countries in 2003. Children (0-15) However, these updated Fact Sheets do contain a wealth of Low estimate information which allows identification of strengths in currently High estimate existing programmes and comparisons between countries and Women (15-49) 120,000 Low estimate 59,000 regions. The Fact Sheets may also be instrumental in identifying High estimate 200,000 potential partners when planning and implementing improved surveillance systems. Estimated number of deaths due to AIDS The fact sheets can be only as good as information made Estimated number of adults and children who died of AIDS during 2003: available to the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance. Therefore, the Working Group Adults and Children 20,000 Low estimate 9,600 would like to encourage all programme managers as well as High estimate 33,000 national and international experts to communicate additional information to them whenever such information becomes Estimated number of orphans available. The Working Group also welcomes any suggestions for additional indicators or information proven to be useful in Estimated number of children who have lost their mother or father or both parents to AIDS and who were alive national or international decision-making and planning. and under age 17 at the end of 2003: Current living orphans Low estimate High estimate Assessment of the epidemiological situation 2004 As of Dec 2003 there have been 62365 HIV cases officially registered in Ukraine since the beginning of the epidemic. The number of cases increased 1.5 times during the two-year period Dec 2001- Dec 2003. The largest number of new HIV cases was officially registered in 2003 (10.009 persons). The overall prevalence of HIV infection among the entire population in Ukraine was 98.08 per 100.000 at the end of 2003, representing a 13% growth compared to HIV prevalence in 2001 (86.8 per 100.000). Most affected are the Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Odessa, Mykolaiv and Crimea regions with a prevalence of over 150 per 100.000. Injecting drug use remains the most common source of infection and contributes to 72% of officially registered HIV cases among adults. Although data from antenatal clinics in 2003 indicate an increase in the total number of HIV infected pregnancies but with a decrease in cases due to IDU to 23.3%. Sentinel surveillance conducted in several regions of Ukraine in 2002 identified the average prevalence of HIV infection among IDU as 37.2%, with the highest figures in Odessa - 58.3% and the lowest in Kharkiv - 16.8%. Seropositivity rates among commercial sex workers are 18.7 % (as high as 31.6 - 83% among those CSWs who inject drugs and 0-20.7% who don't). HIV co-infection rate among patients with STD varies from 0.3% in Kharkiv to 27.7% in Mykolaiv. Ukraine experienced a rapid increase in numbers of new AIDS cases and high AIDS related mortality. The number of new AIDS cases doubled from 2907 in December 2001 to 6175 in December 2003, with a mortality rate of up to 50% (1473 deaths in 2001 and 3592 in 2003). The majority of patients who developed AIDS and died didn't have access to antiretroviral therapy. Integration of programs for prevention of HIV infection in infants in the maternal and child health services with universal opt-out strategy for VCT during pregnancy and provision of ARV drugs for prophylaxis of MTCT from government resulted in 97.5% of all pregnancies being tested for HIV. 91.3% of 1334 women who delivered in 2002 received ARV prophylaxis of vertical transmission during pregnancy and delivery. UNAIDS/WHO Epidemiological Fact Sheet - 2004 Update Page - 3 Ukraine Basic indicators For consistency reasons the data used in the table below are taken from official UN publications. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA YEAR ESTIMATE SOURCE Total population (thousands) 2004 48,151 UN population division database Female population aged 15-24 (thousands) 2004 3,679 UN population division database Population aged 15-49 (thousands) 2004 25,115 UN population division database Annual population growth rate (%) 1992-2002 -0.6 UN population division database % of population in urban areas 2003 67.2 UN population division database Average annual growth rate of urban population 2000-2005 -0.7 UN population division database Crude birth rate (births per 1,000 pop.) 2004 8.5 UN population division database Crude death rate (deaths per 1,000 pop.) 2004 14.1 UN population division database Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 2000 38 WHO (WHR2004)/UNICEF Life expectancy at birth (years) 2002 67 World Health Report 2004, WHO Total fertility rate 2002 1.2 World Health Report 2004, WHO Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2000 16 World Health Report 2004, WHO Under 5 mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2000 21 World Health Report 2004, WHO SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA YEAR ESTIMATE SOURCE Gross national income, ppp, per capita (Int.$) 2002 4,650 World Bank Gross domestic product, per capita % growth 2001-2002 5.3 World Bank Per capita total expenditure on health (Int.$) 2001 176 World Health Report 2004, WHO General government expenditure on health as % 2001 67.8 World Health Report 2004, WHO of total expenditure on health Total adult illiteracy rate 2000 0.4 UNESCO Adult male illiteracy rate 2000 0.3 UNESCO Adult female illiteracy rate 2000 0.5 UNESCO Gross primary school enrolment ratio, male 2000/2001 not available UNESCO Gross primary school enrolment ratio, female 2000/2001 not available UNESCO Gross secondary school enrolment ratio, male 2000/2001 not available UNESCO Gross secondary school enrolment ratio, female 2000/2001 not available UNESCO Contact address UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global email: [email protected] HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance [email protected] 20, Avenue Appia CH - 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland website: http://www.who.int/hiv Fax: +41-22-791-4834 http://www.unaids.org Extracts of the information contained in these fact sheets may be reviewed, reproduced or translated for research or private study but not for sale or for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. Any use of information in these fact sheets should be accompanied by the following acknowledgment "UNAIDS/WHO epidemiological fact sheets on HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2004 Update". UNAIDS/WHO Epidemiological Fact Sheet - 2004 Update Page - 4 Ukraine HIV prevalence in different populations This section contains information about HIV prevalence in different populations. The data reported in the tables below are mainly based on the HIV database maintained by the United States Bureau of the Census where data from different sources, including national reports, scientific publications and international conferences are compiled.
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