SCOUTING and PEACE World Organization of the Scout Movement Organisation Mondiale Du Mouvement Scout
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H PROGRA UT MM YO E SCOUTING AND PEACE World Organization of the Scout Movement Organisation Mondiale du Mouvement Scout © 1992, World Scout Bureau Reproduction is authorized to national Scout associations which are members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. Others should request permission from publishers. This publication has been made possible, in part, through the support given by the World Scout Foundation World Scout Bureau P.O. Box 241, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland [email protected] http://www.scout.org TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. B-P - ORIGINS OF THE MOVEMENT - ORIGINAL PROMISE AND PRACTICE 4 2.1 B-P’s concept of peace 4 2.2 The original Promise and Law 5 2.3 The development of the Movement in its early years 5 3. WORLD SCOUTING’S POLICY: WOSM CONSTITUTION AND WORLD SCOUT CONFERENCE RESOLUTIONS 8 3.1 WOSM'S Constitution 8 3.2 World Scout Conference Resolutions 9 4. SCOUTING’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE CAUSE OF PEACE: Conceptual perspective and implementation in the World Scout Movement 10 4.1 A definition 10 4.2 Peace from a political point of view 11 4.3 Personal dimension: inner peace 13 4.4 Inter-personal dimension: relationships with others 15 4.5 Peace through inter-cultural understanding 17 4.6 Peace and Justice 19 4.7 Peace between man and nature (between man and his environment) 20 Summary 21 5. INTERNATIONIAL RECOGNITION OF SCOUTING'S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE 22 6. PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE 24 7. CONCLUSION 26 REFERENCES 28 ANNEX I World Scout Conference resolutions dealing with peace, peace education, international brotherhood and related subjects 31 EXECUTIVE 1. The purpose of this paper is tion to peace only becomes appar- to answer the question: What is ent when the concept of peace is SUMMARY Scouting’s contribution to examined from its various dimen- peace? sions. 2. The question is examined first Starting from a definition of from an historical perspective. The peace: “Peace is not simply the paper shows how one of the most absence of war. Peace is a dy- recurrent themes in B-P’s books namic process of collaboration be- and speeches is the idea of Scout- tween all states and peoples. This ing as a worldwide brotherhood, collaboration must be based on a able to inspire feelings of tolerance, respect for liberty, independence, fraternity, understanding and fair- national sovereignty, equality, re- ness at all levels. From this idea, spect for the law, human rights, as and the experimental camp on well as a just and equitable distri- Brownsea Island, point 4 of the bution of resources”, three dimen- Scout Law was developed: “A Scout sions are considered: is a friend to all, and a brother to • first, one which is political, every other Scout, no matter to what • second, one which covers country, class or creed the other personal, interpersonal and may belong”. The paper shows intercultural relationships, and, how the promotion of peace has • third, one which encompasses been a very significant priority of the relationships between man the Movement since its inception. and the available resources on It also shows how the concept of earth. peace is integrated in the formula- The first two dimensions are ex- tion of the fundamentals of Scout- plored vis-à-vis their relationship ing in the WOSM Constitution (the to the Founder’s thinking, they are most explicit, but by no means the analysed conceptually, and some only statement being that of the important examples are given of principle of “ Loyalty to one’s coun- Scouting activities and of the tools try in harmony with the promotion produced by the World Scout Bu- of local, national and international reau to assist National Scout Asso- peace, understanding and ciations in each field. The third cooperation” ). It also includes an dimension covers, on the one hand, annex providing a chronological the question of “peace and jus- list of the World Conference tice”, which will be dealt with in a Resolutions dealing with peace. separate paper, and on the other hand, the question of peace be- 3. The paper then analyses the tween man and nature, which was main facets of Scouting’s contribu- dealt with in the first reference tion to peace. As a Movement paper, “Scouting and the Environ- which promotes international ment”. friendship and brotherhood, the relationship between Scouting and A table (see page 11) summarizes peace is obvious from the angle of the different dimensions, the con- the traditional connotation of ceptual approach applied to each, “peace” as opposed to “war” or their main manifestations in the “conflict”. However, the full sig- World Scout Movement, and the nificance of Scouting’s contribu- tools prepared by the World Scout Bureau. Scouting and Peace - Page 1 4. The paper also provides a • Scouting helps young people Scouting is helping to educate a brief account of the international to develop enjoyable, mature and generation of citizens willing to recognition received by the World responsible interpersonal relation- adopt a lifestyle compatible with Scout Movement for its efforts to ships, to develop a sensitivity to the protection of natural resources promote peace and human under- others based on reciprocity and and to bear witness to the new standing, notably, the “UNESCO fairness. Through his/her ability to “environmental ethic” necessary Prize for Peace Education”. establish constructive relation- for the survival of our world. ships with others, a Scout then 5. Finally, the paper adopts a becomes an artisan of peace. • All the above is multiplied a prospective approach, to show thousand fold through the inter- some of the opportunities open to • The same applies to the field national dimension of Scout- the Movement within the frame- of intercultural relations. The ing, which is a living reality and a work of the implementation of the educational approach of Scouting source of enrichment for all - youth Strategy for Scouting, both as a helps to develop open-minded, and adults alike - from rich and result of its internal dynamism and mature and balanced personali- poor countries, from the North and of the changes on the international ties, deeply rooted in their own the South, from the East and the scene. culture yet open to the richness of West. other cultures. Thus, a Scout is 6. In conclusion, Scouting’s con- ready both to work for the The cause of peace has many fac- tribution to peace, while educa- preservation of national ets. It can be served in many ways. tional and therefore unspectacular, cultural values and to show Some of them are spectacular, while is fundamental. understanding and appreciation others very seldom attracts the for other people’s culture and press headlines. Scouting, by work- • Since its inception, Scouting way of life. This is particularly ing on the human being himself, at has helped to build peace by cre- important in today’s world, where grassroots level, and by striving ating a feeling of brotherhood intercultural awareness and ap- towards an ideal of fraternity and and understanding which preciation are, in many countries, understanding, plays a tremendous crosses national barriers, by a powerful factor in the promotion role in the promotion of peace at practising a peaceful lifestyle and of peace. all levels. This role is performed in by integrating into the Scout prin- a quiet, unspectacular way, and in- ciples and method a number of • Scouting also helps to create depth, by creating a feeling of precepts and practices which en- peace in the world through its brotherhood - which is the true courage brotherly conflict-solving contribution to the cause of jus- infrastructure for peace - among attitudes and behaviour. tice. By involving young people in the youth who will be the citizens the effort to eliminate hunger and of tomorrow’s world. • Through its principles and reduce poverty, Scouting is lending method, Scouting helps to develop its hand to the task of building a more responsible citizenship at human community where men all levels: local, national and inter- and women can live truly human national. lives. In doing so, Scouting is es- tablishing the preconditions for • Scouting helps individuals to the achievement of true and lasting develop a sense of personal iden- peace. tity, enabling them to seek or to enjoy peace of mind through the • The same can be said of voluntary acceptance of a “code of Scouting’s contribution to peace living”, a value system which between man and his environ- provides them with “inner guid- ment. By creating an awareness ance”. and feeling of responsiblity to- wards our natural environment, Scouting and Peace - Page 2 1. INTRODUCTION The concept of peace is impor- evolution of the Movement? Is it tant and frequently used. In the reflected in the WOSM Constitu- ordinary sense of the term, it is tion and in World Scout Confer- used as an opposition to war or ence Resolutions? conflict. To quote the “Peace cannot be secured entirely by The subject then needs to be con- Encyclopaedia Britannica: “Since commercial interests, military alliances, sidered from a conceptual the beginning of history, peace has general disarmament or mutual treaties, perspective, examining a defini- been regarded as a blessing and its unless the spirit for peace is there in the minds tion of peace on the basis of which opposite, war, as a scourge.” (3) and will of the peoples. This is a matter of its different dimensions and the education.” However, the concept is both elu- many contributions that Scouting sive and ambiguous. It can have Baden-Powell, Opening speech at Kandersteg has made in this field can be ex- military and civilian connotations, International Conference, published in plored.