21018 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 22, 1973 H. Res. 459. Resolution to create a Select By Mr. HEINZ (for himself, Mr. GREEN MEMORIALS Committee on Aging; to the Committee on of Pennsylvania, Mr. GuDE, Mr. REEs, Rules. and Mr. PRITCHARD): Under clause 4 of rule XXII, By Mr. RANDALL (for himself, Mr. H. Res. 461. Resolution to create a Select 263. The SPEAKER presented a memorial RIEGLE, Mr. ROBISON of New York, Committee on Aging; to the Committee on of the Legislature of the State of Louisiana, Mr. RoDINO, Mr. RoE, Mr. RosENTHAL, Rules. relative to no-fault insurance; to the Com­ Mr. ROYBAL, Mr. SARASIN, Mr. BAR­ By Mr. PEPPER: mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. BANES, Mr. SATTERFIELD, Mr. SEBELIUS, H. Res. 462. Resolution providing for the Mr. SEIBERLING, Mr. SKUBITZ, Mr. printing of additional copies of the House S·rEELE, Mr. STUDDS, Mr. TALCOTT, Mr. report entitled "Reform of our Correctional TEAGUE of California, Mr. THONE, Systems"; to the Committee on House PETITIONS, ETC. Mr. TIERNAN, Mr. VEYSEY, Mr. WALSH, Administratlon . Mr. WINN, Mr. WoN PAT, Mr. YATRON, H. Res. 463. Resolution providing for the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, and Mr. YouNG of Illinois): printing of additional copies of the House 243. The SPEAKER presented a petition of H. Res. 460. Resolution to create a Select report entitled "Organized Criminal Influence John H. Leach II, Newport Beach, Calif., rela­ Committee on Aging; to the Committee on in Horse Racing"; to the Committee on House tive to redress of grievance; to the Committee Rules. Administration. on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

HOMETOWN, U.S.A., IS BOTH VITAL people occupy only 2 percent of our land. tinguishing qualities of the town and forms AND VIABLE TODAY These mass concentrations have led to an impression. Most outsiders, when they growing crime, delinquency, drug abuse, first arrive in Salem, have a negative impres­ sion. They see one curve-plagued, narrow and escalating welfare. Yet, across Amer­ street edged with ancient buildings, a rail­ HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH ica, there are thousands of small towns OF WEST VmGINIA road track, and two high hills. "But," said and communities who eagerly seek new one Salemite, "I left in the spring after a IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES industries, new neighbors and ·new job winter's stay never to return and found that Friday, June 22, 1973 opportunities for their young people. by August I could not wait to get back." These are the grassroots which hold the Every town, every institution has a tone, Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, over hope of the future if America is to re­ something that since it is an abstraction, has the past few weeks there have been thou­ nothing to do with streets or walls of build­ main the land of promise. We must, in sands of graduation ceremonies and ings, but is far more important. Maybe I commencement speeches. Most of these our national policies and programs, strive could call this atmosphere the spirit of a speeches have been predictably optimis­ to strengthen the undeveloped regions of place, and as Melville said, "it is not on a tic, designed to inspire young people on to our country so that all Americans can map. True places never are." The Salem I have a f1·ee choice of where they want to bring to you tonight is not on a map; neither greater heights of achievement. In recent can it be photographed. But the Salem which years, however, it has become fashion­ live. We must keep the Salems of our Na­ tion vital and viable if we are to meet the I deliver to you is a real place that although able to downgrade the future, to paint a it cannot be touched, is in the minds of many picture of gloom and doom and to rail at challenge of building a life of quality Of the peop-le in this room. the system and the establishment. As a for all. Salem, settled by Christian people, has al­ result, many young people are impressed The ceremony at Salem High School ways had Christian brotherhood and a moun­ into an attitude that is negative and this month was duplicated hundreds of tain spirit of make do, both helped along by foreboding. They feel that their life times throughout our country. Principal the lack of affi.uence in the town. One philo­ sophic resident expressed the fact thus: "The ahead promises only a dubious exis·tence Haymond Plaugher introduced the guests, including Dr. and Mrs. K. Duane greatest virtue of Salem is its poverty." We . barren of exciting discovery, without are a simple people too, because no one can chance or challenge. Hurley, president of my alma mater, be too uppity with his own family members. Earlier this month I was privileged to Salem College. Mrs. Paul Green played And most of us are really· kin either by in­ deliver the commencement address at the processional, the Honorable Mike heritance or long-time associations. When Salem High School, my native town in Greer of the West Virginia House of the thought of kinship ooourred to me, I West Virginia. I told the graduating Delegates gave the invocation; the bene­ looked at myself, and discovered I was a di­ seniors: diction was delivered by the Reverend rect descendant of the man who originally Robert Wheeler. Class officers were in­ owned all the land in Salem, a name so com­ Over the past half-century, Americans mon in the town that the Senator present have proven they are the masters of tech­ troduced. They are: James Bradley t:onigh11 will recognize me as Atwell's great nology. Our moon walks, satellite communi­ Davis, president; Janet Carol Murphy, grandson sooner than if I would use At­ cations and medical marvels are the envy of vice president; LuAnne Hersman, secre­ well's surname. When I took a survey of the the world. We have shown that we can build tary; Lance Cameron Sulsona, treasurer; class, I learned that of the thirty members, a life of quality unparalleled in history. We Michelle Ann Davis, historian; and Pa­ twenty-five are direct descendants of early have created a society of such super-abun­ residents of the community. We have stayed. dance that we are choking under 12'5 million tricia Ann Martin and Joseph Lynn Johnson, members of the Student put; outsiders have had a. tendency to cir­ tons of air pollutants a year, and a billion. cumvent our rugged terrain. pounds of garbage each year threatens to bury Council. . In the 1880's many of the young people us. · The valedictorian address was given by left Salem to attend distant colleges and The challenge you face in the next half Daniel Harris Underwood, and Lillian never returned. To keep youth in the commu­ century is to build a life of quality, a life Allessio gave the salutatorian address. nity, the Salem people started, in 1887, an that offers an opportunity and something of Mr. Underwood, in speaking of his home­ grace for an-a life based, not on just ma­ academy that eventually developed into chines and gadgets, but on human dignity town, gave what I think is a valuable college. So along with friendliness, humil­ and individual woJ.:th. profile of Smalltown, U.S.A. He told of ity born of little wealth, and community kin­ its strengths and weaknesses, its proud ship, a bit of culture found its way to our We know that life on this Earth ts history and u~predictable future. I feel hills. finite, and that the present expenditure some Members of the Senate, in review­ Many artifacts and institutions in exist­ of energy and the consumption of food ing his words, may recall their own ence today attest to the energy and progres­ coupled with a quantum leap in popula­ smalltown origins, and remember the sive. spirit of. Salem people who have never tion every 35 years threatens to turn our tranquil existence of another day. numbered more than 3,000 individuals. planet into a mass of misery. Eviden~es Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ - A group of businessmen in 1896 bought a of this macabre equation already Are sent that the brief valedictorian address hundred acres of land west of Salem to en­ tice the state to locate in the town the West cropping up: Flooding and starvation in of Daniel Underwood be placed in the India; drought and famine in central Af­ Virginia Industrial Home for Girls, secured RECORD. the institution, and inadvertently founded l'ica; the diminishing fish schools off There being no objection, the address heavily populated continents; blackouts the third ward of the city. was ordered to be printed in the REcORD,_ In 1951 the citizens or Salem raised $10,000 and shortages and revolutionary vio­ as follows: to finance the deepening and widening of the lence--all pieces to the great puzzle of THE SPmrr OF SALEM creeks and thereby attracted federal atten­ the future. When he enters the streets of a town he has· tion. _The Congress appropriated money for In the United States, 85 percent of our not before known, a newcomer- catches dts- several pilot fiood control dam.s. Salem h ad June 22, 1'973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21019 . the first watershed program of the ones to be Two second prizes were awarded: one to cause for rebellion. Evidently it is not, since completed. the Miami High Times e prophetic. Today our country faces many the House on the importance of these grave problems. But we consider them to be awards and the content of the winnmg TOLERANCE AND THE VOICE OF REASON sufferable. Therein lies the slgn1:flcance of writings, I am placing the text of the (By Alan Salant) Jefferson's clause. Since we do not believe news release and the award winning en­ The following clause appeared in Thomas our present evils to be insufferable, the con­ try of Alan Salant in the RECORD; Jefferson's "Rough Draft" of the Declaration cept of revolution is irrelevant. But this does D.C. STUDENT WINS NATIONAL JoURNALISM of Independence: not mean that we can ignore the evils and CONTEST-SENATOR BAYH TO MAKE AWARD · • . • All exper.ience hath shown, that man­ let them become insufferable. As we prepare The Arnold A. Saltzman Journalism award kind are more disposed to suffer while evils for the Bicentennial, and in fulfillment of was presented today by Senator Birch Bayh are sufferable, than to right themselves by the Declaration of Independence, let us work to Jon Olshaker; a D.C. Woodrow Wilson abolishing the forms to which they are accus­ toward real solutions to our contemporary High School student. The luncheon cere­ tomed. problems, while retaining the democratic mony on Capitol Hill was attended by Con­ · Uncompromised by editing, the clause forms "to which we are accustomed.'' gressmen, D.C. political officials, and com­ earned a position in the fourth paragraph munity leaders. · of the official Declaration. It represents the Olshaker was awarded First Prize from voice of reason, the moderating ln:fluence MICHIGAN NEWSPAPER URGES over 75 entries throughout the country. Sec­ which, possessing a knowledge of history, PHASEOUT OF NUCLEAR POWER ond Prizes were awarded to Jose Alvarez of decries senseless revolution. It challenges the Miami, Florida and to Alan Salant, Forest ~adical to prove that existing ills are insuffer­ Hllls, New York. Third Prizes went to Robert able. If he cannot meet this challenge, his HON. MIKE GRAVEL Hanselman of West Caldwell, New Jersey and revolt is doomed to failure. OF ALASKA Paul D. Schreiber of Port Washington, N.Y. THE EXTENT OF TOLERANCE IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Presiding at the awards ceremony was Har­ In 1776, Thomas Jefferson was a crusader; Friday, June 22, 1973 ris Wofford, President of Bryn Mawr Col­ he faced the challenge of his own words. His lege. The awards were made in conjunction response, the "List of Grievances," asserted Mr. GRAVEL. Mr. President. Charle­ with the 1976 Studies Program of Bryn Mawr that British rule was no longer tolerable. voix, Mich., is one of the rural spots to mark the 1976 Bicentennial. Many colonists continued their support of where a small atomic power plant was The awards are named for Arnold A. Saltz­ the existing system; they rejected Jefferson's completed in 1963. The Big Rock plant is man, co-founder of the 1976 Studies Pro­ proof. But the Declaration gained wide gram, and President of Seagrave Corporation enough acceptance to enable the colonists to only 70 electrical megawatts, compared in New York. overthrow the British contingents and to es­ with 1100-megawatt plants under con­ These national awards were open to High tablish a new nation. struction today. Schools throughout the country who were Almost two hundreds years have passed. In an editorial of April 11, 1973, the invited by Harris Wofford to submit entries As preparations are being made for the cele­ Charlevoix Courier endorsed a mora­ "which contribute to an understanding of bration of our Bicentennial, the American torium on the construction of new atomic some aspect of the Declaration of Independ­ system is once again undergoing a thorough ence in today's society." examination. What are the evils that plague power plants, and a phaseout of existing Jon Olshaker's winning entry entitled, this nation? Are they sufferable? Are they plants. "D.C. Home Rule Vital", compares the fight serious enough to condemn our accustomed The editorial includes passages from for Home Rule to the American Revolution. form of life? the booklet, "The Case for a Nuclear "All of those conditions that brought the The last two questions might be applied to Moratorium" which is available from the American Revolution are prevalent today in our divisive involvement in Indochina. Our Environmental Action Foundation, 1346 the District of Columbia". wrote Olshaker. response thereto has been that we found this Connecticut Avenue NW., Washington. "Washingtonians have continually petitioned involvement sufferable, and, hence, inade­ D.C. Congress", he continued "and they have quate as a cause for revolt. tried to work within the system, but in re­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ turn have received only political rhetoric. IGNORING THE PAINFULLY OBVIOUS sent that major excerpts from the Washingtonians like the Colonists are tired One .m.ight also ask whether the simulta­ Courier editorial be printed in the of being pushed around." neous existence of poverty and atlluence is a RECORD. CXIX--1326-Part 16 21020 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 22, 1973 There being no objection, the excerpt& intolerable potential lung cancer burden, we ment of nuclear generating plants. But we from the editorial were ordered to be estimate that better than 99,999 percent also realize that billions 0f dollars mean printed in the RECORD, as follows: containment of plutonium-239 is hardly good nothing when weighed against the fate of enough to avert disaster." the human race. [From the Charlevoix (Mich.) Courier, Dr. Alvin Weinberg, director of the Oak Apr. 11, 1973] Ridge National Laboratory: "We nuclear UNTIL WE CLEAN UP A-WASTE, MORATORWM people have made a Faustian bargain with INTERNATIONAL TRADE PROBLEM Is ONLY SANE SoLUTION . society. On the one hand, we offer an in­ Since the first newspaper "scare" over the exhaustible source of energy.... But the addition of plutonium to fuel rods at Con­ price that we demand of society for this HON. WILLIAM J. KEATING sumers Power Company's Big Rock Point magical energy source is both a vigilance and OF OHIO nuclear plant, literally pounds of informa­ a longevity of our social institutions that we tional material relative to atomic energy as are quite unaccustomed to." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a source of electrical power have crossed the Mike Gravel (D-Alaska), member of the Friday, June 22, 1973 editor's desk at the Courier. U.S. Senate since 1968 and author of a We have digested as much of the material nuclear power moratorium bill: "The nuclear Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, as the as possible, and have come to a couple of power issue is essentially a moral issue, not Ways and Means Committee considers conclusions which may, on the surface, seem a technical one. Radioactive nuclear pollu­ trade legislation I would like to bring to confiicting. tants which escape into the environment my colleagues attention a situation that First, we are convinced that Consumers can klll and maim living creatures for cen­ has arisen in my congressional district Power Co., has done everything and is doing turies after we hav-e enjoyed our electricity. which demonstrates the need for the everything in its power to make the Big Rock One of the well-known effects of exposure to United States to protect its interests in Point plant as safe as humanly possible. Cer­ extra radioactivity is extra genetic injury. As tainly the young men and women who work John Francis of the Scottish Council of the trade markets. at the plant must feel so, too, or they would Churches has said: 'the minimum morality Since the end of World War II a sizable not expose themselves daily to deadly radia­ of man is to leave the gene-pool of humanity market has developed for furniture made tion or allow their families to live in close intact.' · from rattan. Rattan is a wood product proximity to a potential "bomb". "Nuclear power plants today are creating that is grown in the Philippines. Indeed Secondly, however, we have been aghast to long-lived radioactive poisons which will have 50 percent of all the rattan in the world learn that neither Consumers Power Co., the to be kept out of the environment for is in the Philippines. Atomic Energy Commission or any of the 100,000 years. Unless stopped, the plants in high-powered brains at any of the na!;ion's the U.S. alone will have produced enough ' The largest rattan furniture company many nuclear laboratories has come up with radioactive garbage and plutonium in the in the country is in Cincinnati, Ohio. The an acceptable solution to the problem of next thirty years to kill or maim almost Ficks Reed Co. has 300 employees and an atomic waste. every living thing on earth. Will our genera­ annual payroll of $1.5 million. For all practical purposes, such waste must tion make the future of life subordinate to The Philippine Government has re­ be stored FOREVER on this planet under the future of the nuclear power industry? cently announced that it will no longer eternal surveillance, while suffering mani.dnd Shall we make the future of life depend on keeps its fingers crossed that the atomic gar­ allow the exportation of any rattan poles. the success or failure in containing the radio­ If this decision is not changed it would bage dump remains untouched by calamities active by-products of nuclear electricity? In man-made or natural for untold generations effect, the nuclear power industry has started effect the 300 employees in my district to come. to use the entire planet as a laboratory for and the 3,000 other employees who work We do not-believe that the present genera­ its radioactive containment experiment, and in rattan furniture companies·across the tion is in a position to place such an awe­ country. . some responsibility on generations yet un­ us as its involuntary guinea pig. born. And until we can come up with a means "The 150 nuclear-plants already planned The_ proposed trade bill submitted by of purifying and neutralizing atomic waste, or operating will produce more long-lived the administration_ contains _language we believe a moratorium on the construction radioactivity in this country every year tnan which would permit the President to act of nuclea:r power plants is the only sane ave­ about 130,000 Hiroshima bombs. Ask any when a nation takes an unjustifiable or nue open to -the United States and other - nuclear enthusiast what gives him such con­ fidence that imperfect human beings will unreasonable action which would burden nuclear nations. · or restrict U.S. commerce. It is my hope "The Case for a Nuclear Moratorium'' is manage to keep 99.99 perceht of that radio­ well stated in a booklet by that name pub­ activity under perfect and perpetual c6ntrol that when the committee takes final ac­ lished by the Environmental Action Foun­ and then evaluate the vacant answers tion ·on the trade bill it will consider ac­ dation. Listen what the authors have to say: carefully. tions such as the . one taken by the Dr. Hannes Alfven, Nobel Laureate in "When those in business understand that Philippine Government. - a single nuclear accident can do twice the Physics, writing in the May, 1972, Bulletin of ~ I would like to insert in the RECORD a · the Atomic Scientists: property damage of Hurricane Agnes, totally ruin the economy of a huge region of this ~tatement made by the International As­ "Fission energy is safe only if a number sociation of Rattan Manufacturers and of critical devices work as they should, if a country, and lead to an unplanned nuclear number of people in key positions follow all shutdown from coast to coast, they may con­ Importers: their instructions, if there is no sabotage, sider an immediate moratorium tlle only INTERNATIONAL TRADE PROBLEM no hijacking of the transports, if no reactor responsible position." fuel processing plant or reprocessing plant or The authors of "The Case for a Nuclear THE FOLLOWING IS INTENDED TO PRESENT THE repository anywhere in the world is situated Moratorium" point out that the world is still POSITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIA­ far removed from tl).e point where nuclear TION OF RATTAN MANUFACTURERS AND IM­ in a region of riots or guerrllla activity, and PORTERS no revolution or war--even a 'conventional energy is the only alternative to no energy one'-takes place in these regions. The at ~ll. They point to coal reserves that will BACKGROUND enormous quantities of extremely dangerous last several hundreds of years in the United The current status of the American Mar­ material must not get into the hands of States alone. They also suggest that our ket for rattan products is excellent. The ignorant people or desperados. No acts of God electric utilities are putting all of their eggs product is in demand by all forms of retailers. can be permitted." in the atomic basket, while other potential at all price ranges. At the present time, there John W. Gofman, M.D., Ph.D, professor of sources of energy-such as geothermal and are 16 manufacturers of rattan products medical physics at the University of Cali­ solar energy-have been ignored. who manufacture using imported poles. In fornia and a former associate director at the Don't get us wrong. We have no quarrel addition to the above, there are numerous Lawrence Radiation Laboratory: "Pluto­ to pick with our good friends at Consumers small manufacturers who buy in small quan­ nium-239, the most poisonous element ever Power. But we feel strongly that until the tities and only supply a local market. The handled in quantity by man, is the very problem of disposing of atomic waste is above 16 manufacturers distribute their pro­ heart of the nuclear power industry, breeder solved, the United States and other atomic ducts nationally. In addition there are four or non-breeder .•. Dispersed as fine insolu­ powers must declare a moratorium on the firms who import rattan to sell to these able particles (about one micron in diam­ construction of new nuclear plants and a manufacturers, as well as a substantial eter), one pound of plutonium-239 may phase out of existing plants . . amount of rattan is imported directly by represent the potential for some nine bU­ In the meantime, the know-how of our sci­ the manufacturers. Almost without excep­ Uon human lung cancer doses. Given the entific community should be exerted in either tion, the manufacturers are operating at capacity levels. There are again in addi­ findings ways clean up atomic waste or 24,400-year half-life of plutonium-239, any to tion to the above, three manufacturers who plutonium dispersed into the biosphere pre­ researching alternate methods of power import frames and parts, some of which are sents a major carcinogenic hazard for more generation. rattan frames and some of which are woven. than the next thousand human generations. The risks involved in the continuous stock­ Many of the firms using rattan poles in the The annual handling of plutonium-239 in a piling of nuclear debris in hopes that a solu­ United States produce a product of a type fully developed nuclear power economy will tion will be found at a future date are risks and in such quantity that it is doubtful that be in the one-hundred-ton category, or some that mankind should not be forced to take. the manufacturing facilities in the Philip­ 200,000 pounds annually. Comparing this We fully realize that billions of dollars pines would be capable of supplying the with the one pound that can provide an already have been expended in the develop- market. The market for rattan products fur- June 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21021 ther in the United States is such that the 4. It is entirely possible with the current tising support to Philippine products which domestic manufacturers are continually be­ able to produce a product for sale in the they have in the past. ing forced to make style changes which rapid increase in ocean freight ratf:s that A realistic appraisal of the above factors necessitates the building of inventories much the Philippine manufacturers would not be can only lead to one conclusion. The Philip­ more quickly than can be done if one has United States at a price which would be at­ pines, in the long run, would lose not only to produce and ship from the Philippines. tractive to the medium priced and lower the dollar revenue from the importation of In light of the above, I think it is impor­ priced rattan market. If this were to happen, rattan poles, but in addition, a large per­ tant that we carefully look at the following there is a distinct possibility many stores centage of their current market for parts and facts: which currently sell rattan products would set-up furniture. Therefore, the assumption 1. The supply of rattan poles from the no longer handle them. The current strength that the Philippines would actually gain this Philippines at the present time is very good. of the rattan industry in the United States market is highly questionable. Manufacturers and importers located in the is based on having a wide variety of mer­ Respectfully Submitted. United States are continually being offered chandise in different price ranges. If manu­ GERALD J. Fl:CKS, Jr., poles for sale. There is a substantial ques­ facturers were unable to supply due to ocean President. tion as to whether the trade ministry ade­ freight rates, products in the medium and quately researched the supply situation lower price ranges, the basis of this market prior to its ruling, or merely took the word would dissolve. Currently ocean freight rates NUCLEAR POWER: MONEY AND of private interests, who might very well represent 33 % of the selling cost and if this PUBLIC OPINION feel that if rattan poles were not exported would become substantially higher rattan the local price might drop. The net effect would become, because of the price, unattrac­ of this in the long run is to produce less tive to a large percentage of the buying pub­ HON. MIKE GRAVEL lic. This naturally would seriously affect the dollar income for the Philippines. OF ALASKA 2. There are numerous alternate varieties export of rattan and rattan frames from the of rattan in other countries which can be Philippines and further diminish the dollar IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES used to manufacture the same products we revenue for them. Friday, June 22, 1973 are currently making. There are a number 5. Fewer and fewer companies in the of large companies in the United States who United States are importing set-up furni­ Mr. GRAVEL. Mr. President, suppose do not believe they can effectively import ture from the Philippines. This is largely that nuclear power opponents had had frames or parts and maintain their current indicative of the ocean freight rate prob­ as much money as nuclear power advo­ level of output and quality who would have lem, which would similarly affect any at­ cates to present their views for the past no choice but to use these other varieties. tempt to export frames made in the Philip­ several years? I think public opposition Further these companies have millions of pines. As pointed out earlier, it is just not to nuclear powerplants might be over­ dollars in capital investment in plant and possible to produce set-up furniture in the equipment in the United States which as Ph111ppines and sell it profitably in the whelming by now. In fact, the Senate long as there is an alternate raw material medium price and promotional market in might be ready to pass a bill likeS. 1217, available, they will use. The net effect of the United States. the Nuclear Power Moratorium Act of this again is less dollar revenue for the In summary, if the manufacturers in the 1973. Philippines. Philippines have made the assumption that The controversy over nuclear power to­ 3. Over the last many years the unprec­ they are going to absorb the entire market day is not a fair fight in a fair forum edented demand for rattan products in the for rattan furniture, this is simply not true. where the best case might win. It is an United States has been built through the As pointed out earlier, American manufac­ advertising and marketing expenditures of turers are going to make every attempt to unfair fight in which only one side has the large companies located in the United minimize their loss by using alternate the money to spread its message widely States. If the funds spent on advertising sources of raw material. Ocean freight rates and repeatedly to the public. were to be·withdrawn by these companies and on set-up furniture prohibit reaching a What is the size of the AEC's public in­ the subsequent exposure lessened, the Ameri­ large part of the market with set-up im­ formation campaign? John Harris, AEC can market for rattan products both manu­ ported furniture. The established manu­ Director of Information Services, has re­ factured here and in the Philippines would facturers in the United States are no longer cently supplied the following. informa­ diminish very rapidly. going to be in a position to give the adver- tion at my request: TABLE- AEC INFORMATION SERVICES

Category Fiscal year 1973 Fiscal year 1974 Fiscal1971 Fiscall972 (estimate) (request)

Technical information.------;; .-;.______$4, 616, 000 $4, 719, 000 $4,466,000 $5, 050, 000 Exhibits arid museum program •••------685,000 604,000 745,000 l, 100, ooo AudiovisuaL.------: ·------·------234, 000 243,000 225,000 225, 000 Press releases, speeches, symposia______14,000 21,000 25,000 25 000 Major internationaJ conferences------· 354,000 344,000 ------: ••• Total ______----::-5,-:9:::03-:-, :;::oo=-o----=~~------....:..:...:...:..::..::...:..::..::.::..::..::-=-::.::.:: 5, 931, 000 5, 461, 000 6, 400, 000

4,000 F.ILMS AND 1,500,000 BOOKLETs That represents the product of a single ·these films were seen by approximately The following figures are also from Mr. year. The cumulative AEC pubic in­ 4.5 million people in 1969, "exclusive of Harris: formation product is even more over­ television use, which is large." Between In Fiscal 1973 the Office of Information whelming. 120,000 and 240,000 copies each of sev­ Services expects to spend approximately THE GOSPEL ABOUT THE PEACEFUL ATOM eral booklets in the AEC's ''Understand­ $120,000 for the production of popular level In a speech on February 11, 1970, the ing the Atom" series had already been and educa.tional films ... There are 120 edu­ cational and general information films in AEC's Assistant General Manager - at distributed as of June 1970 including circulation today which deal with the peace­ the time, Howard C. Brown, described the 140,000 copies of "Nuclear Power and the ful uses of atomic energy. The number of AEC's unrelenting effort to promote the Environment." prints of those 1llms in circulation is about peaceful atom: · Although the AEC's nuclear promotion 4,000. We've had a public information program campaign all by itself could sw&mp the We estimate that approximately 3.5 mil­ for 20 years and a lot of effort has gone into efforts of citizen opponents who must lion persons saw these films in 1972, ex­ it. For example, we've put out something sometimes rely on handcranked Mime­ clusive of TV. About 155 television airings like 10,000 press releases. We have a film ograph machines, the Government cam­ were achieved. library of some 11,000 prints. We've put out In Fiscal 1973, we expect to spend $60,000 some 50 annual and semi-annual reports. paign is dwarfed by the industry's efforts. for the preparation and printing of informa­ We've made hundreds of speeches over RAISING $6,400,000 PER MESSAGE tion booklets. Approximately 1.5 million book­ the years, held scores of news conferences, More and more utilities are enclosing lets were distributed 1n Fiscal 1972 ••• and have circumnavigated the globe many pronuclear propaganda with their bills. In Fiscal 1973, we expect to distribute ap­ times over . spreading the gospel about the The Potomac Electric Power Co. recently proximately 1.5 million information book­ peaceful atom. lets ... {In addition) we estimate approxi­ sent a 12-page pamphlet touting nuclear mately 4.9 million individuals wlll be reached In June 1970, I received a few addi­ power into every home in its domain. through the exhibit, science museum and tional details from the AEC Chairman, It would cost citizen opponents at audiovisua.l activities funded under the Fis­ then Glenn Seaborg. At that time, the least $6.4 million to mail a different ca1197S budget. AEC had 66 films in circulation, and point of view just once into -each of the 21022 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 22, 1973

country's 64 million households-while WINNING A NucLEAR MORATORIUM hand of Arrowsmith that helped make utilities can do it "for free" with the bills In spite of all this, I believe that a the changeover with few problems. again and again. nuclear power moratorium can be won, In the intervening years as a city, Some nuclear utilities even have bill- because I believe the need for it will Wayne has retained Arrowsmith as city boards and tourist centers, and they con- ultimately unite diverse groups on the manager, through many changes in ad- · tribute to national pronuclear maga- same side of the line-labor, nonnuclear · ministration and elected o:ffices. The zine advertisements through the associ- business, farmers, religious groups, health community has grown and prospered. ation of investor-owned electric light people, civil liberties defenders, environ- Mr. Speaker, the city-manager form and power companies. National maga- mentalists, peace-doves and hawks. of government has never become wide- zine advertisements for nuclear power While these groups will not drop their spread nor popular in Michigan for a can cost over $50,000 per shot, and there = special pursuits in order to win a nu- variety of reasons. The city of Wayne, have been many of them in the last 2 clear moratorium, they may donate some . with Arrowsmith as city manager, has years. A few TV spots promoting nu- space in their newsletters and journals been an outstanding exception. clear power have also been broadcast. to ,the need for it. That is beginning In addition to his remarkable achieve- In addition, the nuclear industry sup- now. Eventually, the combined circula- ments in the community, Wally Arrow­ ports the information program of the tion of such newsletters and journals smith has won recognition in other areas. Atomic Industr-ial Forum in New York may reach as many people as the mass- He has served as president of the Mich­ City; the forum, which has several hun- : media resources of nuclear promoters. lgan International City Management As­ dred members, describes itself as "a not- Meanwhile, citizens who want protec- sociation, and has been extremely active for-profit association of business, profes- tion of their lives and land from the nu- at the National and State levels of the sional, education, labor, and govern- · clear experiment will have to sacrifice organization. He has also served on the mental organizations concerned with the much of their precious free time to do . ~oard of Trustees for the Michigan Mu­ peaceful applications of nuclear energy.'' battle against the lavishly funded nu- nicipal League, and has contributed his vioLATING A sENSE oF FAIRPLAY clear-promotion campaign of the AEC time and services generously for com- For the nuclear opposition to match and the nuclear industries. mittee work and other activities. the nuclear promotion campaign of Gov- WHY JOIN AN uNFAIR FIGHT? In 1955, he spearheaded a move which ernment and industry ~o.mbined, citizens · It is not fair, and the only reason I . led to the creation of a five-community need well over $10 milllon a year-not have the nerve to ask people to join an Central Wayne County Sanitation Au­ handcranked Mimeograph machines. unfair :fight is because an irreversi'Qly thority, one of the most effective author- Why do decent individuals in Govern- poisoned planet would make every other ities serving a major urban area in Mich- ment, industry, and the _general public issue trivial by comparison. igan. tolerate a contest in which one side has The moratorium is so urgent that we Arrowsmith w~ honored in 1969 when all the best equipment money can buy, cannot afford to postpone the :fight for he was amon~ SI~ persons ~el_ected from and the other side has all the handicaps? it until the rules are fair · throughout Michigan as recipients of the That alone should offend our common But in the longer run: free people can Gov~mor's . Award for Distinguished sense or" fairplay. · not afford to let big government and big Publl? SerVIce. . It seems that many, people confuse the business use dollar power to dominate ~ llfe-long resident of yvayne, Arr?w- gallantry of "underdogs" in a fair :fight public policy. If we tolerate that, we will . smith w~ a charter member and ·1s a with the degradation of citizens in an deserve whatever we get. past president of the Wayne Jaycees; a unfair :fight. Perhaps people cannot ad- · - member of the Rotary Club, and an ac- mit to the real ' humiliation involved - tive participant in the annual United when they not only accept unfair condi- WALLACE ARROWSMITH RETIRES Community Services Drive. His wife, Mil- tions, but also feel grateful for simple dred, and their sons, Owen and Brian, permission to participate at all. AS CITY MANAGER OF WAYNE, are also active in the community. Brian In the contest over nuclear fission, MICH. was elected last year to the Wayne what is at stake is not the sale of one County Board of Commissioners. toothpaste instead of another. Citizens HON. WILLIAM D. FORD have every right to participate fully, be­ OF. MICHIGAN cause the stakes involve personal safety THIRTEEN CAROLINA UNIONS and survival, genetic integrity of the hu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES -­ SUPPORT - NUCLEAR POWER man species, health, national security, ~ Friday, June 22, 1973 MORATORIUM personal property, and the right not to Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. SP,eaker, ·be made into involuntary guinea pigs in on June 30, a most remarkable career HON; MIKE GRAVEL a giant radioactive containment experi­ will come to an end, when Wallace OF ALASKA ment. These are inalienable rights which Arrowsmith retires as city manager of IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES even a majority may not properly take Wayne, Mich., in my congressional dis­ Friday, June 22, 1973 from a minority. trict. A GOOD BET Wally Arrowsmith, during the past 30 Mr. GRAVEL. Mr. President, a brief If publie policy in a democracy is to be years, has served at four levels of Gov­ and lucid statement endorsing a national determined ·by majority opinion, how­ ernment--Federal, city, viilage and nuclear power moratorium was passed ever, and if majority opinion 1s to be township-and has earned respect and by the Catawba Central Labor Union­ determined by the advocates with the admiration at every point. .AFL-CIO-in ~9ck Hill, S.C., on most money for public information and He first entered public service in 1943 _March_ 12, 1973, _and was forwarded on advertising, then it is a good bet that with the Federal Public Housing Author­ -April 7 to the AEC by the union's presi­ "Illig government and big business will con:.. ity, serving as .assistant manager of the dent, Melvin Burris. The Catawba Cen­ tinue prevailing on almost every issue Norwayne Housing Project in what was tral Labor Union represents 13 local then the village of Wayne. unions with a membership of 7,000 in this country. individuals. Is that what we want? The nuclear fis­ Three years later, at the end of the Second World War, he made his first and · Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ sion controversy is not unique in this only bid for eJective o:ffice, and won elec­ sent that Mr. Burris' letter to the AEC situation. Unequal access to "the public tion as Treasurer of Nankin Township, Safety and Licensing Board be printed mind" is a major flaw in the whole now the city of Westland. In 1949, he be­ in the RECORD. democratic process today, regardless of came Village Manager for Wayne, - There being no objection, the letter the issue. Big Government and big busi­ launching the community into the most was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ness can use tax-dollars and consumer­ progressive and innovative period of its as follows: dollars to overwhelm the message of long history. APRIL 7, 1973. ChRirman Max Paglin and Members of critical taxpayers and consumers. A major accomplishment for Wayne, Atomic Energy Commission Safety and Li­ Unless self-respecting citizens insist and for Wally Arrowsmith, was the in­ censing Board: on a remedy for this abuse of their money corporation of the Community as a city I, Melvin Burris, President of Catawba and their minds, democracy could be­ in 1960. During the difficult and complex Central Labor Union, P.O. Box 10957, 134 N. come a complete joke. transition period, it was the guiding Wilson Street, Rock Hill, S .C., wish to state June ~2, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21023 the position of our membership of 7,000 citi­ A MAN WHO'S SEEN PRISON LIFE FROM BOTH "The program has made a change in the zens who work and live in the Rock Hill­ SIDES Now attitudes of the people there (in the prison). York County area. (By Bob Joyce) It used to be completely cat-and-dog l Every­ On March 12, 1973, at our monthly meet­ body was after each other. The Jaycees have ing, Union leaders and Delegates from thir­ "I've still got some bad :t>.a.bits,". John given many of them a spirit of cooperation. teen local unions voted unanimousl'Y to go on Campbell said with a smile. He had found It's a very healthy thing." record opposing the licensing and construc­ the door to his office locked, and now stuck One example of the change is a break­ his comb past the catch, trying to by-pass down in the old ininate's code which de­ tion of the Catawba Nuclear Station sited for the lock. Lake Wylie in York County. We also at this He had to twist. it a couple of times, but creed that no prisoner would talk to a guard, time voted to support the Carolina Environ­ in a second the door came open. or report anything that happens among the mental Study Group to represent our inter­ "I must be rusty," he said, smiling again. prisoners. ests in the intervention against the construc­ Campbell is one of the best examples in Campbell said that the main advantage tion of this plant. We are in support of na­ recent times of rehabilitation working in th'e of the Jaycee program is that it is geared tional moratorium on construction, licensing North carolina prisons system. He is now a toward action by the inmates rather than and operation of all atomic power plants and counselor at the Sanford Advancement Cen­ the prison staff. reprocessing facilities until the major health ter (a correctional institution), a state Jay­ "A man gets his feet wet helping solve his and safety issues have been fully resolved. own problems," he said. Volunteers from the Until this time we advocate use of fossil cees officer, and an active community citizen. community come in to sponsor an inmate, fuels and development of solar energy and TRAGIC START to take him out of the prison regularly, to clean energy sources. And he can joke now about breaking in, give him the chance to participate in a suc­ We are specifically opposed to the proposed but not too long ago robbery became a cessful and happy family life, to have a Catawba Nuclear Station because of the seri­ tragically serious matter for him. model to pattern his life after when he gets ous risks surrounding the question of the un­ In early 1970, Campbell, then 28, was run­ out of prison. tested safety systems, waste transport and ning a bill collection agency in Statesville. Campbell's sponsor was Fred Morrison, disposal methods, possibilities for sabotage He was having personal and family problems then state Jaycee president, and current legal and hijacking, possible consequences of he couldn't seem to shake, and was drifting aide to the governor. Morrison has been a severe health damage from low level radia­ toward alcoholism. moving force behind the expansion of the tion, and loss of peace of mind that will come On January 22, he and his brother-in-law prison Jaycee program to include presently from living near two large reactors that are decided to rob a grocery store in Winston­ over 40 chapters statewide and 1,000 inmate relatively experimental. We in the state of Salem. Two days later they robbed the members, almost one prisoner in ten. South Carolina are already burdened with Friendly Supermarket in Stoneypoint. BEGAN TO TRAVEL more nuclear facilities and potential dangers Twenty minutes after the second robbery, a than citizens of any other state. police roadblock caught them. While still a prisoner, Campbell began to We believe the burden of proof and poten­ The two armed robberies netted them just travel with Morrison through the state en­ tial health and property damage should not over $700. couraging the new Jaycee programs, and be placed on the shoulders of the average It wasn't long before Campbell was tried working up enthusiasms within the com­ citizen and business community who stand and given a 15-18 year sentence. He went to munities. to lose all that is vital to their lives and ex­ the maximum security section of Central In July, 1972, Morrison appointed Camp­ istence if an accident occurs. Prison in May. bell Associate Secretary of the N.C. Jaycees, Our members are also concerned about the Just after his trial, he reflected on what the first inmate to hold a statewide office. It possible death of Lake Wylie from the possible had happened to him in a letter to the Win­ is the highest office ever held by an inmate heating by the proposed Catawba Nuclear ston-Salem Sentinel. Jaycee in the nationwide program. Station up to 103 degrees F., if cooling tow­ "How much money is freedom worth?" he At about this same time, Campbell began ers are not installed. Under these conditions wrote. "The freedom to travel, to select the a "New Careers" program, receiving an edu­ most of the fish would be killed and the foods you enjoy, the clothes you like to wear, cation in counseling. The program was con­ water would be bad for both drinking and a kind word, a sincere smile, the joy of ducted by North Carollna State and Florida recreational purposes. Property values would watching a child play, the pleasure of a beau­ State universities. He began to look forward be damaged as well as the quality of living tiful day, the physical love of a mate, or the to parole and a new job. in this area and business operations relying satisfaction of a job well done? In November, the parole came and Camp­ on water cooling sources from the lake. "Why would anyone risk all these riches bell went to work at the Sanford Center, Very truly yours, for the same of some quick money? where he is one of six counselors for 42 resi­ MELVIN BURRIS, "The defendant (at the trial) knew no dents. President, Catawba Central Labor Union, answer. I was that defendant. I hope you He continued his work with the Jaycees, P.O. Box 10957, 134 N. Wilson Street, are not the next one." and in February, 1973, he was awarded the Rock Hill, S.C. At the prison, he was put in a maximum George Randall Rookie Correctional Officer security dormlltory, where 90 inmates 11ved of the Year Award. in a room for 50. He deeply resented being "The nomination for the award came from there. the residents here at Sanford," he said, "That IN "For the first six or eight months I was meant more to ·me than the award itself." PRISON REFORM NORTH The nomination was written by Terry CAROLINA bitter toward the world. I was thrown in with all sorts of people in horribly crowded Sneeder, a Sanford inmate. It said that conditions. I considered myself an outcast," Campbell "has opened up new channels of he said recently. communications and his example offers Hope to many inmates who could not see a bet­ HON. IKE F. ANDREWS INTO SLAVERY ter future, for the men in prison live mainly "It's kind of like a free man being cap­ OP NORTH CAROLINA on hope and through John Campbell's suc­ tured and forced into slavery. You are told cess, we can all see that any void may be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES what to do, how to do it, and when to do it. filled, that it takes a lot of hard word but Friday, June 22, 19'13 The only way to describe it is hell." any man can succeed if only he tries. It's a After those months of bitterness, his at­ great example for us all." Mr. ANDREWS of North carolina. Mr. titude started to change. he learned of a Ironically, the same weekend Campbell re­ Speaker, for many years, one of North Jaycee program in the prison which makes ceived the award the president of the Odum Carolina's leading newspapers, the News inmates full members of the Jaycee orga­ Prison Jaycee Chapter walked away from the and Observer, in Raleigh has featured nization, and sponsors programs of self­ meeting, and allegedly killed a young boy many deserving citizens in its Sunday help in the prison, and community relations and raped a girl in Western North Carolina. outside. column "The Tar Heel of the Week."' The incident was a blow to the Jaycee pro­ "That was when I decided that my future gram, but after a thorough review, all volun­ On Sunday, June 10, this honor went had to be up to me," he said. teer programs were put in full swing again. to a man named John Campbell. In the He was soon elected president of the In response to the incident, Morrison ap­ article headlined, "A Man Who's Seen chapter inside Central Prison. pointed Campbell Institutional Chapter Rep­ Prison Life From Both Sides Now," Mr. During Gov. Bob Scott's initial tour of resentative of the Jaycees to work with the Campbell was described as "one of the the prison which led to a two-year study by 44 prison chapters. ' best examples in recent times of rehabili­ the State Bar l..ssociation and call for prison "As Jaycees," he wrote to the prison chap­ tation working in the North Carolina reform, Scott met Campbell at work in the ter members, "are we going to let one inci­ dent, even a tragic and regrettable incident, prisons system." Jaycee office in the prison. He urged him to keep up the good work, and a good atti­ cost us ground that we have won by sheer Described in this feature article is a tude. hard work and faith in our organization? Are we going to let one individual destroy the most remarkable success story, and I am Campbell !:>egan to see changes within pleased to share this with. my fellow progress we have made? the prison as a result of the Jaycee work as "Hell, no! I think we have the guts and Members of Congress by including it at more prisoners got involved, 1n part through determination to prove our faith in this or­ this point in the RECORD: his own work. ganization that has done so much for us." 21024 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 22, 1973

DEFINrrE VIEWS PLOWSHARE AND THE COMPREHENSIVE TEST­ "Given recent improvements 1n seismology As a man who has seen prison life from BAN TREATY and other means of detection, we believe both sides, and who now counsels prisoners (By Mr. Gary Largo) that the U.S. would detect Soviet violations of a test-ban treaty before they could carry about their personal and family problems, Two major treaties, which the United Campbell has some definite view on what out enough tests to score a breakthrough that States has signed, commit us to the seeking would threaten the stability of a nuclear bal­ needs to be done in prison reform in North of a Comprehensive Test-Ban Treaty (CTB) Carolina. ance.... Without on-site inspections, clan­ which would outlaw all nuclear testing. destine cheating is far less plausible now He 1s careful to point out, however, that These treaties are the Partial Test-Ban he thinks conditions generally are improv­ than it would have been in 1963 with on-site Treaty (PTBT) of 1963 and the Nonprolifera­ inspections."' ing, both within the walls, and within the tion of Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPNWT) of attitudes of the people outside in the com­ The use of nuclear explosions for peaceful 1968. Quotes from these documents which purposes is now generally realized, at least munities of North Carolina. provide for negotiation of a CTB follow: First, he says, there is need for some per­ in the U.S., to have few economic advantages "Seeking to achieve the discontinuance of and many environmental and safety prob­ sonnel changes at the prison-unit supervisor all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all level and higher. lems. This program, Plowshare, has been a time, determined to continue negotiations to block to a CTB because it could provide an "Some of these men have the old chain­ 1 this end ..." ideal cover for the testing of nuclear weap­ gang attitude," he said. "But they are usually "Recalling the determination expressed by locally prominent people politically who have ons.5 the parties to the 1963 treaty banning nu­ After exploring a number of uses for nu­ been there 15 or 20 years. How do you get rid clear weapons tests in the atmosphere, in of them." clear explosions, Plowshare has shown only space, and underwater in its Preamble to that methods other than nuclear have fewer The number of supervisors who fit this seek to achieve the discontinuance of all category is steadily decreasing, however, he consequences environmentally, economically, test explosions for all time and to continue and politically. Since the potential benefits adds. 2 negotiations to this end ..." of Plowshare explosions now appear to be Second, those working within the prison Support for a CTB has come from the should be paid an incentive wage for work marginal-if they exist at all-the program United Nations in the form of a resolution should not be an impediment to a ban on they do. calling for a moratorium on nuclear testing As it is now, a prisoner who has an inter­ underg.round testing. to begin in August of 1973, the tenth anni­ CTB would not necessarily stop the Plow­ ested family outside the prison who can send versary of the signing of the PTBT. Strong him money regularly has a tremendous ad­ share Program. Peaceful uses for nuclear ex­ Congressional support is present for a resolu­ plosions could continue with on-site inspec­ vantage over the man with no one helping tion calling upon President Nixon to nego­ him. tions being made at the blast site.6 However, tiate a CTB with Soviet Premier Brezhnev elimination of the Plowshare program might "Those men feel that they are confined during the current summit talks. Many Con­ against their will with no chance to do any­ be the price required to be paid for a Com­ gressman feel all testing should be suspended prehensive Test Ban Treaty.7 thing for themselves to get a small amount of in the interm, provided that the Russians re­ money to purchase a few simple things, really ciprocate. FOOTNOTES necessities, like soap or cigarettes," he said. Limitations placed on arms by SALT I, 1 Partial Test-Ban Treaty ratified 10 Oc­ Third, conjugal visits should be allowed·in especially in the ABM field, have greatly re­ tober 1963. those prisons where the men are not allowed duced desires for testing of more nuclear · 2 Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons out. arms. With only 200 inceptors allowed each Treaty ratified 1 July 1968. "Confinement is enough punishment. We're side, it 1s almost impossible to justify any a Scoville, Herbert Jr., "After SALT, A Total not doing him any service by cutting him off further improvements in warheads for this Test Ban?," Washington Post, February 4, from a normal heterosexual relationship, purpose. 1973. forcing him to accept values that society Effects of the ABM Treaty also apply to 'Kennedy, Hon. Edward M., Speech on the doesn't normally, like homosexuality. warheads used for offensive purposes. With­ floor of the u.s. Senate, February 20, 1973. HEALTHY RELATIONSHIPS out any effective ABM force to penetrate, the o Scoville, op. cit. "And there is tremendous need to maintain need for new warheads disappears. There 1s 6 Report by the office of Senator Philip A. healthy family relationships so he can be ac­ no further need for testing of warheads built Hart, Congressional Record, June 11, 1973, cepted when he gets out." to withstand high-altitude nuclear explo­ pp. 18985-92. Fourth, he wants expanded vocational sions since the allowed number of ABMs 7 "Prospects for a Comprehensive Nuclear training programs. Too often, he said, prison could be overwhelmed with a small fraction Test Ban Treaty," Staff report by the Sub­ work 1s make-work, which fosters poor work of the existing strategic forces. committee on Arms Control, International habits and trains the man for nothing when Additional testing is necessary only for a Law, and Organization of the Foreign Rela­ be gets out. first-strike force able to destroy the enemy's tions Committee of the United States Senate, Campbell is currently under consideration missiles in their silos. Standing U.S. policy November 1, 1971, p. 9. for a national Jaycee award for outstanding has been to avoid construction of such a work among inmates. Morrison thinks he will force so as not to provoke the Soviet Union get it. into another round in the arms race. "I'm no crusader," Campbell said. "I just On the other hand, a complete test ban FURTHER LIMITATION OF STRA­ enjoy helping people. And now I look forward would help to assure the U.S. that the Soviets TEGIC OFFENSIVE FORCES to getting up every morning." were not working to improve their warheads. The benefits of SALT I are not limited to the weapons development part of the prob­ lem alone. The ABM Treaty creates a mecha­ HON. FLOYD SPENCE PLOWSHARE AND TEST-BAN nism by which explosion verification prob­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA lems can be solved. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TREATY Verification provisions of the ABM Treaty afford a means of bridging the gap between Friday, June 22, 1973 U.S. demands for on-site inspection and the HON. TENO RONCALIO Soviet's reluctance to agree to such inspec­ Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, I am taking tions. In this treaty, both nations agree to this opportunity to have inserted into the OF WYOMING use technical means of verification; that CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the recent agree­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES neither nation will interfere with such ment-along with White House fact­ Friday, June 22, 1973 means; and that neither will use conceal­ sheet-between the United States and ment to impede verification. the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Mr. RONCALIO of Wyoming. Mr. The primary problem in verifying an un­ pertaining to further limitations.of stra­ derground test is the difficulty in differen-. Speaker, the following statement was tegic offensive forces. Obviously, I have prepared by Mr. Gary Largo, son of Mr. tiating seismic signals from earthquakes and explosions. Now with greatly improved seis­ not yet been able to make an exhaustive and Mrs. Al Largo of Rawlins, Wyo., a evaluation of these ·agreements; how-· summer intern on my staff. It effectively mic methods and computer processing, it is possible to classify almost any detectable ever, even a cursory review raises several­ correlates the AEC's. Plowshare program seismic event as an earthquake or an explo­ questions which greatly concern me. with problems in negotiating a Compre­ s1on.3 . The Nixon-Brezhnev agreement sets hensive Test-Ban Treaty. The material New environmental developments have . the stage for the early conclusion of vari­ which Gary has assembled is highly rele­ negated the need for on-site inspections for ous accords on the limitation of strategic vant today _with Soviet Leader Leonid verification purposes. As a part of last year's offensive forces. Accords may be reached Brezhnev's visit and our impending con­ environmental agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union, earthquake on an interim basis prior to the conclu-­ sideration of the AEC authorization bill. measuring devices will be installed in Russia sion of a permanent agreement detailing­ I congratulate Mr. Largo on this excel­ by American sciEmtists. These developments limitation of strategic offensive · forces lent, scholarly, effort and offer it for the are best summarized in a statement by a for 1974. . - perusal and consideration of my col­ committee of the Federation of American Principle No. 6 of the new agreement leagues: Scientists. permits supplementary agreements that June 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21025 might be concluded immediately or in the the works. The other is the fact that we tor research and development, the :flexi­ very near future, even before the negoti­ still do not know whether the number of bility envisioned in principle No. 5 is full ations on the permanent agreement are existing Soviet missiles which we ac­ of dangers and pitfalls. A 1974 deadline completed; under this principle a specific cepted as the basis of the first accords for negotiating an agreement which will area of competition could be temporarily was accurate. These are extremely vital not undermine U.S. security in this area halted, in order to hold open the possi­ matters and I will discuss each of them is, in my opinion, totally unrealistic. bility of permanent limits. briefly. In short, Mr. Speaker, I am more con­ It is my impression that this statement As regards the "National Technical cerned than ever that we are entering definitely tends to support the reports Means of Verification," it is purely and into plans which will result in locking us .I have received and which I outlined to simply not feasible, within the confidence into qualitative as well as a quantitative the House on June 7 that some type of limits the Congress would require, as a disadvantage. MIRV limitations may be an early result means of verifying the qualitative char­ During the next few weeks I expect to of this exercise. The most important acteristics of a MIRV ban. Acceptance of be reviewing these agreements further, "specific area of competition" is counter­ such a monitoring system for qualitative and I plan to present to the House addi­ force-capable MIRV. parity would not be consistent with the tional questions which I feel must be What is even more disturbing to me is security interests of the Unite~ States answered in order to satisfactorily reach that, if limitation on MIRV'ing of the and I do not believe Congress would sup­ agreements that will result in an endur­ land-based Minuteman Ill is a short­ port an agreement limiting MffiVs which ing peace-not merely the chimera of term goal of the agreement, as principle depended on that mechanism for moni­ peace. No. 6 suggests, then consideration may toring. Put very bluntly, we cannot agree I expect, too, to work for a coalition well be being given to limitations on to a MIRV ban without adequate on­ of Members of this House who will reject MIRVing of Poseidon and Trident mis­ site inspection. To my knowledge, no any agreement which does not ade­ siles as part of the later permanent adequate me.thod has been developed quately deal with the problems I have agreement. that would enable us to determine already outlined and those I will be out­ On the average, about 65 percent of whether a Soviet missile has or does not lining in the future. The general outlines the total U.S. strategic offensive nucl.ear have MffiV in an operational silo. forces on alert and available for im­ Testimony taken in 1970 by the Con­ of future arms limitations, roughly mediate use are ICBM's. Recent Soviet gress on the possibility of a MffiV ban sketched in this new agreement, may - emphasis on improved ballistic missile through limitations on :flight tests re­ establish the framework for a defense guidance and control systems make the vealed the difficulty l)f such an enter­ posture which would be appropriate to development of a Soviet threat to U.S. prise. It is possible, for example, to detect an era of warm United States-U.S.S.R. ICBM's the most immediate "area of missile test launches within the Soviet relations. But it would become danger­ competition" to which an interim accord Union, but it is equally possible for the ously inappropriate in the event that a is likely to be directed. For example, test Soviets to conduct :flight tests on low change in Soviet leadership, goals or fiights of the Soviet's Stellar-inertial trajectories so that the :flight itself can­ tactics causes storm clouds to appear on guidance package for their 4,000-mile­ not be observed with the ease of a missile the horizon. In short, it provides at best range SSN-8 submarine system, Star­ launch. Such :flights can test missile the framework for a "fair weather" track. was terminated in 1969 because guidance, improved rocket propellants, agreement. I will be working to see that its great accuracy would arouse Soviet reentry vehicle radiation hardening, Congress does not entrust our national "first strike" fears. Allowing the Soviets command and control, et cetera. security to a "fair weather" agreement. to improve their ability to target U.S. To date the Soviets have been very Text of agreement and fact sheet ICBM's would place nearly two-thirds of adamant that any and all agreements ex­ follow: the U.S. strategic offensive forc6S in clude onsite inspections. Perhaps that BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NEGOTIATIONS ON THE jeopardy. situation has changed. It would seem FURTHER LIMrrATION OF STRATEGIC OFFEN­ In my remarks on June 7 I suggested that in order to develop treaties or agree­ SIVE ARMS that, having been frozen into a position ments based on the principles .enunciated The President of the United States of America, Richard Nixon, and the General of quantative disadvantage by the SALT in yesterday's agreement, the Soviets Secretary of the Central Committee of the I accords, we were now considering must have agreed to some type of onsite CPSU, L. I. Brezhnev, agreements which would lock us into a inspections. But the question must be .Having thoroughly considered the ques­ qualitative disadvantage, as well. One asked and answered before any MIRV tion of the further limitation of strategic form which qualitative limitations could ban agreement is accepted by Congress. arms, and the progress already achieved in take would be a halt in Minuteman m With regard to the other point of my the current negotiations, Mmv deployment at or near current de­ concern, the Soviet leaders have never Reaffirming their conviction that the ear­ ployment levels. Since the United States confirmed the accuracy of the data we liest adoption of further limitations of stra­ tegic arms would be a major contribution in has not deployed counterforce-capable have relied on as to the numbers and reducing the danger o:!' an outbreak of nu­ reentry vehicles on board its Minuteman types of strategic weapons systems they clear war and in strengthening international lli missiles, it could be argtied that there have deployed. We have only their word peace and security, is no threat to Soviet strategic forces as to the quantity of ICBM's they actually Have agreed as follows: from a modest Minuteman In deploy­ have. Given this fact, we may be com­ First. The two Sides will continue active ment. pounding an error if we assume the num­ negotiations in order to work out a perma­ We now have in place about 300 of the bers agreed to in the first accords are nent agreement on more complete measures programed 550 Minuteman lli't;. This correct. I feel very strongly that if we are on the limitation of strategic offensive arms, as well as their subsequent reduction, pro­ is a particularly attractive proposition to to continue to negotiate in good faith ceeding from the Basic Principles of Rela­ many people who have opposed MmV with the Soviet Union, they must at least tions between the United States of America from the outset, because a halt in U.S. confirm or deny the accuracy of the and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ICBM MIRV deployments could be de­ quantitative data on their strategic mis­ signed in Moscow on May 29, 1972, and from scribed as a mechanism to· "preserve the sile systems. If we are wise we will in­ the Interim Agreement between the United option" of eliminating MffiV completely sist that those figures be objectively States of America and the Union of Soviet in any permanent agreement. In actual verified. Socialist Republics of May 26, 1972 on Cer­ Finally, I will allude only briefly to yet tain Measures with Respect to the Limitation fact, however, this would constitute an of Strategic Offensive Arms. abandonment of the most important another point of concern. Principle No. 5 · Over the course of the next year the two qualitative advantage of the most nu­ allows for modernization of individual Sides will make serious efforts to work out merous component of our strategic off­ weapons systems as well as their replace­ the provisions of the permanent agreement ensive system without any diminution in ment; thus, both sides, over time, can on more complete measures nn the limitation the Soviet threat to the United States. retain confidence in their capabilities, of strategic offensive arms with the objec­ Against this background, two factors but the conditions for introducing more tive of signing it in 1974. with regard to the new agreement are of modern systems and replacing old ones Second. New agreements on the limitation greatest concern to me. One is the total will be carefully negotiated. of strategic offensive armaments will be based on the principles of the American­ inadequacy of the "National Technical It has not been widely noted that some Soviet documents adopted in Moscow 1n May Means of Vertification" to police the kind such weapon systems can be deployed 1972 and the agreements reached in Wash­ of agreements which now seem to be In very rai>idly. Thus. unless we can moni- ington in June 1973; and in particular, both 21026 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 22, 1973 Sides wm. be guided by the recognition of more complete in- its limitations and that to promote him to the grade of full ad­ each other's equal security interests and by provides for subsequent reductions in stra­ miral on the retired list. the rooognition that efforts to obtain uni­ tegic offensive arms. Admiral Rickover presently has the lateral advantage, dlrootly or indirectly, The second principle would be inconsistent with the strengthen­ status of being a retired officer recalled ing of peaceful relations between the United Establishes that the fundamental guide­ to duty. It is typical of this man's dis­ States of America and the Union of Soviet lines for a permanent agreement will be a tinguished military career that he would Socialist Republics. mutual recognition of the equal security in­ come back to active duty when his coun­ Thitd. The limitations placed on strategic terests of each side and a recognition that efforts to obtain unilateral advantage would try needed him. offensive weapons can apply both to their Although I am only a freshman mem­ quantitative aspects as well as to their be inconsistent with strengthening u.s.­ qualitative improvement. Soviet relations; these guidelines are drawn ber of the House Armed Services Com­ Fou.rth. Limitations on strategic offensive from the Basic Principles signed in Moscow mittee, it did not take long to realize the arms must be subject to adequate verifica­ in May 1972; in effect they direct the ne­ great contributions Admiral Rickover tion by national technical means. gotiators to deal with each other's security has made not only to our nuclear sub­ Fifth. The modernization and replacement interest, broadly defined, and not only with limits on individual weapons; agreements marine power, but to our entire national of strategic offensive arms would be permit­ defense system. ted under conditions which will be formu­ that effect or harm the interests of other lated in the agreements to be concluded. countries would be ruled out by the Basic The Nation will be forever indebted Sixth. Pending the completion of a per­ Principles of last May and by this principle. to the keen foresight of Admiral Rick­ manent agreement on more complete meas ... The third principle over, and I add my appreciation to him ures of strategic offensive arms limitation, Allows for limits on both the numbers of for his outstanding service to his coun­ both Sides are prepared to reach agreements strategic weapons as well as on the qualita­ try. Our vote authorizing his promotion on separate measures to supplement the tive characteristics of these weapons; where­ existing Interim Agreement of May 26, 1972. as the first agreement dealt with limiting the to full admiral status gave a grateful Seventh. Each Side will continue to take number of ICBMs, including limits on heavy Nation the opportunity to thank him. necessary organizational and technical meas­ ICBMs and a ceiling on SLBMs, the perma­ ures for preventing accidental or unauthor­ nent agreement will be broader in nature ized use of nuclear weapons under its con­ and involve limits on certain technical capa­ FRANK LEAHY OF NOTRE DAME trol in accordance with the Agreement of bilities, such as multiple independently tar­ September 30, 1971 between the United geted reentry vehicles (MIRVs). HON. JOHN BRADEMAS States of America and the Union of Soviet The fourth principle Socialist Republics. Records the agreement that any limitation OF INDIANA must be subject to adequate verification by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE WHITE HOUSE FACT SHEET-BASIC PRIN­ national technical means; this confirms the Friday, June 22, 1973 CIPALS OF NEGOTIATIONS ON THE FuRTHER ba-Sic approach to verification taken in the LIMITATION OF STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE ARMS ABM treaty and the Interim Agreement. Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I rise In today's agreement the President and The fifth principle to pay tribute to the memory of one of General Secretary Brezhnev reinforced their the great figures of American football, commitment to permanent limits on stra­ Allows for modernization of individual tegic armaments a:o.d to an intensification weapons systems as well as their replace­ Frank Leahy, who died yesterday in of the negotiations. The two leaders signed ment; thus, both sides, over time, can retain Portland, Oreg. a document of seven principles that provide confidence in their capab111ties, but the con­ Mr. Speaker, as Representative in Con­ fresh guidance to the negotiating teams, ditions for introducing more modern systems gress of the district where the Univer­ instructing them to work out a permanent and replacing old ones will be carefully sity of Notre Dame is located, I know agreement over the course of the next year, negotiated. first hand of the extraordinary leader­ With the objective of concluding it in 1974. The sixth principle ship of Frank Leahy as coach of Notre The principles contain the basic outline of Permits supplementary agreements that a new agreement, that wm now be filled in might be concluded immediately or in the Dame football. at the talks in Geneva. very near term, even before the negotiations At Notre Dame his teams won 87 Background on the permanent agreement are completed; games, lost 11 and tied 9. In six of his The negotiations on the limitation of under this principle a specific area of com­ seasons Notre Dame went undefeated. strategic arms began in Helsinki in Novem­ petition could be temporarily halted, in order Frank Leahy stood in the tradition of ber 1969, dealing with both offensive and to hold open the possibility of permanent great Notre Dame coaches like the leg­ defensive strategic. arms. The negotiations limits. endary Knute Rockne and today's Ara continued until May 1971, when the Presi­ The seventh principle Parseghian. dent and General Secretary Brezhnev Reaffirms that both sides wlll continue to But, Mr. Speaker, more than a foot­ reached an agreement that broke a deadlock implement the agreement of September 30, ball coach of remarkable success, Frank over the scope of the agreement and the 1971 that was designed to reduce the dangers Leahy was a man of deep loyalty to his priorities to be followed. Negotiations re­ of accidental or unauthorized use of nuclear sumed and continued through the summit weapons; its reaffirmation is intended to church, to his family, and to Notre Dame. meetings in Moscow last May. On May 26, stress that this agreement remains part of From boyhood days, I watched Frank 1972, the President and General Secretary the continuing process of strategic arms Leahy's Notre Dame teams play winning signed the first two agreements limiting limitation. football and in later life I had the privi­ strategic weapons: a treaty restricting the In sum, this agreement on Basic Principles lege of coming to know him. deployment of anti-ball1stic missile systems, is a solemn commitment at the highest po­ All those who knew Frank Leahy will and an Interim Agreement limiting inter­ litical level: miss him, and I take this opportunity to continental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and To limit strategic offensive arms perma­ submarine launched ballistic missiles (SL­ nently; pay tribute to his memory and to ex­ BMs). The Interim Agreement ha,~;~ a dura­ To complete an agreement in 1974; tend my sympathy to Mrs. Leahy and tion of five years. The two agreements came To broaden the scope of an agreement to their six children. into force officially on October 3, 1972 with include limits on qualitative improvements Mr. Speaker, I insert at this point in the exchange of instruments of ratification as well as numbers of weapons, and to pro­ the RECORD the text of an article about of the ABM treaty in a ceremony in the vide for subsequent reductions; Frank Leahy in the Washington Post of White House, with the President and Foreign To allow for immediate agreements in areas June 22,.1973: Minister Gromyko participating. where limiting competition may be urgent. The negotiations resumed in November FRANK LEAHY, NOTRE DAME COACH, DIES 1972 in Geneva, and recessed on June 12 to (By Kenneth Denlinger) await the outcome of the discussions at the VICE ADM. HYMAN J. RICKOVER Frank Leahy, one of the giants of collegiate summit. The negotiations have been thor­ HONORED football, died yesterday at Good Samaritan ough and the progress in the talks thus far Hospital in Portland, Ore. He was 64. was noted in the preamble of the Basic Mr. Le-ahy, who had six undefeated seasons Principles signed today. HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN at Notre Dame and maintained the tradition established by his former coach, Knute OUTLINE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF D..LINOIS Rockne, had been suffering from several ail­ The first pri nciple IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments, including a heart condition and a Sets a target date of 1974 for completing Tuesday, June 19, 1973 pre-leukemia. blood condition. a new agreement; A player and assistant under Rockne at Affirms the intention of both sides to con­ Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, it is a Notre Dame, he became coach of the Irish in tinue active negotiations over the course of justly deserved honor for Vice Adm. 1941 and compiled an 87-11-9 record before the next year and to make a serious effort Hyman J. Rickover, U.S. NavY Tennessee. After retiring from Notre Dame, Mr. Leahy which CPB and PBS would share control .over The next year, with the coaching spot open became associated with various business ven­ the networ.k. because 1:>f the retirement or Elmer Layden, tures, then returned to football in 1960 a.s The viewing public has little to say about Mr. Lea.sy returned to Notre Dame and cau­ general manager of the Los Angeles Chal'gers all this but the future of the network that -tioned giddy supportel's who predicted he of the American Football League. brought you "Sesame 'Street," "CivilizationY-' would be ''another Roc"kne.n After a -year in professional football, he re­ and "An American Family" is at sta-ke. ...'We'll do our 'best and you'll be proud of •entered the insurance business. He moved to Tll.ese pr.agrams obviously are elf a scope your team, but the day of the undefeated Lake Oswego, Ore., a Portland surburb, in ,and quality that are utterly beyond 'the Notre Dame team is over,.. he said. The Irish 196"3 and continued as an executive vice presi­ ability of a local television station to pro­ were 8-'0--1 th'Mi year. 'dent of Canteen Corp., which operates re­ duce exclusively for its own use. His coaching career at Notre Dame was ·in­ freshment dispensing ma1::hines. .A public television network is needed. PBS terrupted by World W11.r II, when he served in Only last week, Mr. Leahy was unable to has made great strides. It has also .made the Navy and rose to .rank of lieutenant. attend an annual award dinner in his honor mistakes. A better balanee in its ;pubnc :af­ Scrapping the traditional Irish box forma­ in Chicago because of illness. "I was absolute­ fairs programs may be needed. tion for the T formation, his teams of 1946-49 ly crushed over the fact that I couldn't But canceling programs llke the con-se-rva­ went 38 games without a 1oss. participate," he "told the group vla·telephone. tive William .F. BuCkley Jr.~s ".Firing Line.. "When you are a coach 11.t Notre Dame," A hospita1 spokesman said Mr. Leahy was a.nd centralizing all control n! ·the :net ork he said ln f949, ''you don't control your per­ admitted Wednesday and developed com­ in Washington are not the answer~ sonal life. You belong to the people, to the plications early yesterday. Maintaining the independence .ami ".free­ priests, to th~ radio. I notice now that I be­ He is survived by his wife, Florence, and dom of .a television network th.a.t is .hea"l'll.f come fatigued a little earlier each day. My six children, Frank Jr., Gerald and Christo­ dJpendent upon government .money ls a family wou1d be happy if I decided to discon­ pher, all of Lake Oswego, Jam~s. of Pasco, matter of great difficulty .ami sensit1v1ty. tinue 'Coaching. Wash., .Ma-ry Leahy, 'Of Lake Oswego, and Sue Restraint is required on both 'Sides--the ''During "the fall, .I get 'home twice a week. Muostakas, and Florence Harter, both 'Of network and station managers on one mpublic broadcasting in the United state-s. Mr~ LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Speaker, covered. The following editorial from the May the histocy of chess stretches tar baC He seconded Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's '26, 1973, 'Paris Post lntelligencer in Paris, into ll.Uman antiquity, .and since the presidential nomination at the Republican Tennessee, gives .a good idea of how the founding of our own country. many ia­ convention 1n 1956 and wa.s made a Knight of people in my district feel about public mous Americans have been devotees of Malta by Pope Pius XIL He w.as elected to the the National Football .Foundation Hall of broadcasting. ,game. Most Americans are aware of Fame 1n 1970. PmUJ:C TV-Goon SERVICE the feats of Robert "'Bobby"' Plscher, ··'Everyone here 11.t Notre Dame and thou­ The Publie Broadcasting Servtc-e_. a non­ whB brought theworld,s chessehampion­ sands of Frank Leahy's .friends, teammates comm-ercial television service which ls fi­ ship home from Iceland last year. Pew and players mourn his passing,'' said lo~­ nanced by the governm~nt. 1s providing the realize, however, that "Bobby" Fischer time Notre Dame athletic director Edward public With -excellent coverage of the Senate is not the first great chess champion that (Moose) Krause. "We all cherish hls d.edic.a­ he·arings on Watergate. Beginning at 7 o'clock the United States has produced. in the evening, PBS .starts a rerun .ot the tlon, frlendsllip and his love for Notre Dame." Over a centuzy -a~o the ·world of .chess There were many memorable N(!)tre Dame entire da-y's proceedings with a gavel-to­ games under "Mr. Leahy .and one w.as the o-o gavel account o! the hearings. stood amazed at the prodigious talents struggle in 1946 agalnst the Glenn Dav.i&-Doe This is a good public servic-e be-cause many of another young American, a native son Blanchard Army team ln Yankee Stadium. citizens interested in the Senate hearings do of my own State of Louisi:ana, Paul Mor­ The record of his 19~6 team was marred not have the opportunity to view it during phy. Morphy's bright genius carried all only by ~ne tie, as were the performances of the day when they are on the netwol:ks live. before it over the chess board for 3 daz­ his 194'8 and l953 teams. "The Irish were 4--4-1 The PBS program is on TV Channel 2 ~rom zling yea-rs, only to be then suddenly, and in 1950. Nashville, thus giving the viewers the option finally, extinguished. In l947 and 1949, the Irish went unbeaten of watching Watergate or their favorite en­ I to and untied, s.coring 291 points and .allowing tertainment program nn the ..:oinmercial Today would like tak-e nooo of the 52 in '47 and scoring 360 points and allowing network. !36th anniversary of Paul Morphy's bidh 86 two years later. The Public Broadcasting .Service was inc '-r­ which occurred 1n New Orleans on June Mr. Leahy was .a promisl~ amateur boxer porat.ed in 1969. It was incorporat-ed by the 22, ) 337. who se-riously conside-red a :professional C.orp@ratlon i:or Public Broadcasting, which .Morphy, w.ho was of .mixed Irish, career -after graduation from high school. But was, created by Congress in 1967 to funnel French, and Spanish ancestry, was the Rookne came along and persuaded him to fooera.IJ. funds to public, noncommercial radio son of a high .court judge .and learned enroll at Notre Dame. and television stations throughout th~ coun­ to play chess at the age of .a. PQs­ He chose Notre Dame. "Mr. Leahy onee sald, ty. The 15m-embers of the con->oration board sessed of a sharp and ready mind, he 21028 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 22, 1973 completed his study of law and was I think that this point is clearly made with its own moneta.ry, fiscal, and wage pol­ in the following article, reprinted by the icies, with divergent priorities and attitudes admitted to the bar before turning 20. concerning major policy objectives, such as Still too young to start a practice he gave American Enterprise Institute from the full employment, growth and price stab111ty. over all his time to the pursuit of chess. SAIS Review, by Dr. Gottfried Haberler. This results in different rates of inflation In 1857 he played as an unknown in I strongly urge my colleagues to read and and the more inflationary countries are his first major tournament in New York ponder his remarks: likely to get into balance-of-payments def­ and scored a stunning upset, finishing THE DOLLAR-MARK-YEN CRISIS, FEBRUARY­ icits and the less inflationary into surpluses. first. Then at the urging of his friends MARCH 1973 But differential inflation is not the whole he embarked on a sensational European (By Gottfried Haberler) story. Take the U.S. If we had less inflation our balance of payments would be stronger. tour in which he decisively defeated the (NoTE.-Dr. Haberler is a Resident Scholar From 1958 to 1965 prices in the U.S. were best players of England, France, and at the American Enterprise Institute and the . remarkably stable and there was a great im­ Germany. Toasted and lionized every­ Galen L. Stone Professor Emeritus of Inter­ provement in the balance on goods and serv­ where he went he was acclaimed as the national Trade at Harvard University.) ices from $0.3 billion in 1959 to $8.6 billion best player the world had ever seen. I. in 1964. But some foreign countries, e.g. Ja­ Returning to the United States in The world has just passed through the pan, have pers~stently had much more in­ 1859 he passed his time writing chess second post-Smithsonian currency crisis. The fiation than the U.S., as measured by the theory and analysis before resettling in first one was in June 1972 when Britain was consumer price index. Somehow, however, New Orleans in November 1860. At this .forced to float sterling. Japanese export prices have risen much less The recent crisis is usually called a dollar than ours. point his career came to a strange and crisis. And so it was. But it was also a Ger­ Apat:t from inflation, the basic reason for abrupt end. man mark and a Japanese yen crisis. We the prolonged weakness of the dollar is the His mother, who believed that chess would speak of a pure dollar crisis if the dol­ fact that other countries have caught up was a frivolous pastime, unworthy of a lar were overvalued with respect to all or most with the U.S. in industrial development. gentleman, pressed upon Morphy her other currencies, so that a devaluation of the After the war the u.s. economy was domin­ conviction that it was now time for him dollar was all that was needed to correct the ant. This supremacy has been lost. Further­ imbalance. We would speak of a pure mark more, practically all currencies have been to follow more serious pursuits. Finally depreciated vis-a-vis the dollar at one time she extracted from him a promise, which anq yen crisis if the mark and the yen were .undervalued with respect to all or most other or another, the French franc as late as 1969 . he kept, never to play chess publicly currencies, so that an upvaluation of the That does not means. that the dollar is lost again. maJ;k and the yen was all that was needed or that inflation does not matter. But it does Thereafter Morphy's life story became to correct the imbalance. Actually the recent mean that in order to have maintained equi­ a melancholy saga of waste and decline. crisis was a mixture. The dollar was devalued librium at an unchanged parity of the dol­ ·The Civil War, and its ruinous after­ with respect to many but not all currencies. lar our inflation performance would have math in the south, frustrated Morphy's The mark and the yen were upvalued with had to be much better than it was---or Ja­ respect to many but not all currencies. pan, Germany and others would have had attempts to build a successful law prac­ to inflate much faster. tice. Frail and introverted, he was almost It is important to understand that even in case of a pure mark and yen crisis the The upshot is that to avoid currency mis• alone among his contemporaries in fail­ dollar would be prominently involved. If any alignments which require parity. changes, ing to enlist in the Confederate cause. one or two important currencies are under­ there would have to b~ a far-reaching co­ He also seems to have been unsuccessful :valued and appear ripe for upvaluation, dol­ ordi:nation among different countries of monetary, fiscal, full employment a:t;td wage in love. According to one story he was ~ars from all over .the world, not only from deeply wounded by the scornful reproach the U.S., will rush into those currencies. ·policies. This coordination-or centralization of a lady who rejected the idea of mar­ Therefore, the crisis will take on the appear­ 9f policy---:exists inside every country. That is ance of a dollar crisis. This follows from the th~ main reason why we .never hear of bal• riage to a "mere. chessplayer." ance-of-payments difficulties of California or Withdrawn and increasingly alienated, fact that the dollar is--still is!-the world's foremost reserve, official intervention and New England. But it is virtually impossible Morphy tumed into a virtual recluse in private transaction currency. between independent states. How diffic.ult it his mother's house, emerging only to take is, is demonstrated by the fact that the mem~ a walk or go 'to the opera. Obsessed with II. bers of the European Economic Community paranoid delusions he finally succumbed It will be instructive to carry this thought (Common Market) have not been able to co.; one step further. Suppose the dollar were re~ ordinate their policies sufficiently to prevent to a stroke on July 10, 1884. placed as the foremost international reserve currencies from getting out of line although In his short but brilliant period of ac­ and official intervention currency by SDRs or "monetary integration" with fixed 'parities is tivity Morphy was responsible for a large gold. That SDRs should become the principal a high-priority objective towards which the number of important innovations in reserve medium is being widely demanded Europeans have been working hard for a long. chess strategy. Today his games are still and was in principle accepted by the recent time. If the closely-knit EEC countries are replayed and admired by chess enthusi­ gathering of the finance ministers of the unable to avoid parity changes, it follow.s a; asts the world over. In the words of the countries comprising the Committee of fortiori that serious disequilibria are virtu­ noted chess analyst Fred Reinfeld "a ~wenty of the IMF, charged with making ally unavoidable in wider circles. proposals for international monetary reform. chess wizard who has not studied (Communique of March 27, 1973.) That gold IV. Morphy's genius is about as queer a con­ should take the place of the dollar after Having explained why currencies often get cept as an engineer who is unable to its price has been tripled or quadrupled is out of line and require parity changes, we count." demanded by some gold stalwarts. now have to ask: Why are these adjustments A man of transcendent promise, only I do not believe that SDRs will soon be almost always preceded and accompanied by put in place of the dollar and I am sure gold currency crises, that is to say by massive half fulfilled, Morphy's career has flows of funds which threaten to disrupt earned him the title of "the Pride and w-m not. I only say: Assume it were done. Assume further that again two important trade and payments·? And why have these the Sorrow of Chess." curriencies get out of line and appear ripe crises shown such a marked tendency to be­ for upvaluation. The consequences would be come more spectacular? exactly the same as at present: SDRs or gold The answer is simple: Our method of and dollars would rush into the undervalued changing parities has been defective. It is THE DOLLAR-MARK-YEN CRISIS, currencies. I say "and dollars" because the the method of the "adju-stable peg," under FEBRUARY-MARCH 1973 dollar would remain the most important pri­ which exchange rates are kept stable as long vate transaction currency even if it lost its as possible by pegging. The central banks of role as the most important international re­ the deficit countries--the Federal Reserve in HON. RICHARD T. HANNA serve and official intervention currency. the U.S.-sell gold or foreign exchange from· OF CALIFORNIA It follows that replacement of the dollar their reserves to prevent their currencies from declining in the exchange market. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by SDRs would not help much. This con­ firms the now widely-held view that im­ central banks of the surplus countries buy Friday, June 22, 1973 provement of the balance-of-payments ad­ dollars to prevent their currencies from going justment problem of reform. up. Pressure builds up and at some point the Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, the dollar exchange rate is changed with a big bang by crisis is on the lips of very Member of III. a large amount. this body and of most Americans. While Why is it that in our time currencies get This system offers an easy target for the it is of no less concern to me than to out of line so frequently? In other words, speculator. He knows that an overvalued why is it that stubborn deficit and surplus currency cannot go up and an undervalued other Members, I would like to point out positions, which require parity changes, arise to my colleagues that the dollar does not so often, and why can they not be adjusted currency cannot go down. If the speculator exist in a vacuum and that the dollar more smoothly? has guessed right, that is, if parties are crisis is only a small part of a larger The short answer is that the world con­ changed, he makes a large profit. If he has problem of international finance. sists of independent sovereign states, ·each guessed wrong, that is, if there is no change 'June 22, 1973 EXTENS10NS OF REMARKS 21029

1n parities, he loses only a little (transa~­ a p8lritt change of 1-2% , if the precise 'date and exchange control. Surplus countries also tion costs and interest)-heads he wln'S .a and .magnitude is not known, when interest clung to their -parities and tried ·to ward off lot, tai'ls he loses only a little. rates are over 30% {.as they hav~ to be und-er imports from the deficit countries when the Governments have been trying to stop spec­ a highly inflationary situation). latter in the end devalued. In our time, too, ulation by all sorts of controls and regula­ The moral is not 'that infiation does not countries hold on to tneir parities too long, tions which cannot be described here. Ex­ mattBr-the country would be better off with­ but deficit countries h.ave not reacted by .de­ perience has 'Shown again and again that out inflation-but that "!;he potentially disas­ flation (unless one calls mild anti-inflation­ when the imbalance becomes large and there­ trous eonsequences of inflation on "foreign ary moves deflation) and have avoided sharp fore the inducement to spetulate is strong, trade can be avoided or at least greatly miti­ import .restrictions. The adjustable peg is speculation can be contained only by dra­ gated by fiexible exchange rates. clumsy and too sluggish and induces specu­ conian controls which governments have If flexibility works under high inflation­ lation, but it is much better than the fixed been reluctant to apply because from some expected inflation at that !-it surely will pegs of the 1930's. {The fixed pegs were even­ point on they tend to stifie trade and legiti­ work under the more favorable-less infla­ tually changed but only after they had done mate speculation. tionary-conditions in the industrial_ coun­ Currency crises accompanying exchange enormous damage.) tries. My oouelusion then is that the pr-esent rate changes have become more spectacular v. because .fr.eguent parity changes h.ave alerted system is not perfect, f.ar from it, but that more and more business firms and individ­ What is the outlook for the future? We it is an enormous 'improvement ever what uals to the opportunities of reaping profits surely have to assume that from time to time we had ln the 1930's. We need .and we win get and .avoiding losses by anticipa·ting parity imbalances will arise which require parity smoother adjustment through greater nex- changes. changes between major currencies. We can­ 1bility ·of ex~hange rates. But .a colmpse -or a The only effective way to make parity not count on countries being able to ad­ sharp contraction of world :trade is most un­ changes smooth is to stop pegging and let just and coordinate their monetary, fiscal likely. 'It would .require .incredible misman­ the exchange value of a currency fioat, that and wage policies, inflation rates, etc. :suf­ agement to b.rlng it .about. ftclen'tly to maintain permanent e.quilibrium 1s to say, ito let lt be determined by demand True, protectionism is on the increase, and supply in the market. How it wo:::ks can .at fixed parities. especially in the 'U.S. The Burke-Hartke bill, Will fioating become general? I doubt it. be illustrated by a few recent episodes. In refiecting ig110rance ami disregard of eco­ The ministers and governors who were nomic p.rinciples by some of the top le.ad.er­ 1969 "the German m&~rk appeared to be .ripe gathered ln Washington in March to ponder for upvaluation. T.he Bund.esb.ank bought bil­ .shi._p of organized labor, is a saddening snd the reform of the international monetary depressing development. ·(This disregard als<» lions of [email protected] to keep the ma.rk .from rising. system agreed that exchange r.ates 011ght to Upvaluation became a polltic.al lssue in .an manifests .itself 1n their advocacy of priDe be "stable but adjustable." Th.at sounds like freezes, rollbacks and .high mlnlmum wages. election, which heightened the spect~lative more of the same, although they did not ex­ Whieh :create high unemployment a:mong un­ fever. After the election {September 1969) elude fioating 'in particular situations." derp:rtvileged workers--all highly disruptive~ the new government decided to let the mark (Communique, March 27. 1973.) Minis'liers short-sighted and damaging policies.) For­ float. It shot up in the market~ but~ · lo -and and governors propose, but market forces tunately. 1n the Admlnistratio~ ln Congress behold, speculation stopped, because it bad may dispose differently. However, by cling­ and also in labor circles -the resistance to become too risky.. Once cur.re.mzy floats the ing too long to over- or undervalued parities, extreme protectionism .is strong, so tha-t a .speculator can no longer be sure which ·way governments .hav~ .it in their power to create protectiomst e1q>lasio.n .ls unlikely~ Experi­ it wlllgo. . currency crises of any magnitude. ence ·has .shown th.at protectlon.lsm becom.es .A month later the mark was stabilized at J: am .nevertheless optimistic fo.r the fol­ irresistible only in .depressions with high un­ a 9% higher value in dollars. The Bundes­ lowing reasons~ We Should not forget that employment. bank IJ.ost a lot of money because wllen the the international monetary system is .not .an Another l:ondition wllieh tends to breed speculators took their dollars home tlley -paid end ln itself, but a means to facilitate ln­ trade restrictions is b&lanee-of-payments dU­ a lower prlce in mark-s than the 'Brmdesbank ter.natlonal trade .and .capital fiows in the fieulties. .For ·th:at reason it is so Important :to had paid a few weeks earlier~ lnteres't of the economic welfare of all. coun­ improve the adjustment nlechanism by One would .have thought the ·Germans had t .r.les. Now it ls a Iact of the utmost .impor­ greater ilexJ..bility of exchange rates. Wh:at learned their lesson. But in May 1971 they tance that world trade has grown by leaps are potentially very dangerous are the .reac­ made exactly .the same mista-ke. First they and bounds throughout the postwar period. tion-s of deficit countries~ because tb.ey .ar.e bought billions of dol.).ars, then they let the This growth w:as .not interrupted or even tempted to restrict 'imports. Import re­ mark fioat. Speculation ceased but the Bun­ .slowed down by any of the many .recent cur­ strictions by mrplus eountries, on the -ot11er desb8ink lost several bilUon marks. And in renqy .crlses~ including the l-ast one. ibamll. would make their mbarr.assing sur­ Februaey 1973 the game was repeated once 'This is in .contrast to what happened in pluses even larger; no smplus couDtry bas the 1930's. Then currency crises-devaiu.a­ more but with b'igher stakes-larger galns reacted lin sul:h an irrational manner. Wlmt tlons of sterling, the dollar and practlc.ally they do ls impose capital Import control'S for the speculators and losses :for the Bun­ all other currencies against gold-went .al'Dng against specUlative inilows of :funds. Unless desbank. With, and great}y contrlbuted t-G. a .cata­ car.rled to ~xtremes, .Snch CDlltrOls .not 1L The Swiss had leaTned th.eir lesson qulCk.er. strophic contr.actlon of world trade. Many are serious threat to world trade. 'They dD iwt In 1971 they made the .same ·mist.a"ke as the critics o! the postwar monetary :s_ystem, the create vested interests ~or thelr perpetuation Germans. But ln 1'973, When tluly saw the '"d0lla'I' st:and1Lrd:' predi~t th.at history will dolla'l' avala-nche .comin,g, 1;hey let the Swlss {except on the part of the controlling bu­ repeat Itself. that the cOllapse of the dollar reaucracy), as trade restrietiom; do. I-t is franc float up and the dollars ruslled :into standard cause a worldwide depression wm therefore easier 'to -get rld of them than 'to Germany. just as the 'COllapse o! the gold standar-d in The Canadian dollar has been fl.o.ating il'nm get Tid o.f trade -restr.ictitmS.. 1931 did. Ad:vocates of .a .returu to the gold .Surplus countries should nevertl:rele'ss 1950 to 1962 and again since 1:970. There .has standard on the :right, .and proponents t>f .an been n0 disruptive speculation at any -time International paper money lssued by .an IMF promptly .appreciate their currencies Dl' 1et them .fioa.-t, ·or liberalize thelr Import restrie­ during the clean tloat .and the huge Amertcan turned into a world central bank on the left~ trade wlth Canad&J our la;rgest trading pArt­ are united ln their p.roph.ecies oi impending tions in order 'to help tlle 'deftcit countries collapse .and .disaster. put their external balan-ce in 'Order. ner, has .remained iUD.Uisturbed. Can:ada 1s a I conclude that we ean expect f numerous currencie-s, Is not terribly for the last five yea.rs. {Now it is down to the .reasons leads to moderately optim:isti~ conClusions .for the future. important. The greatest contribution tne 15%). Brazil has therefore had to depreciate U.S. colild. .make for -a better worldng of the the cruzeiro from tlme to time, -or else she 'In the 1930's there was a severe depression. .in pr.actic.ally .all countries, which in the system is to curb infiation. If there were 'ILn.­ would have lost her e:xiports 'fast. Until 1:968 u.s .. the dominant economy, was home-made al­ other tlare-up nf 'infiation in the U.S. there she had the adjustable p-eg. ·Every six or seven though in smaller countries it was to :a la:rge would be trouble, ilight from 'the dollar and months the cruzeiro was devalued with a big extent imp.arted. In the postwar period there another devaluati@n. But even .in that case bang. During the intervals pressure bullt up, was no re.al depression anywhere. MUd re­ ~bere would be no coTiapse of the wnole sys­ speculation was rife and black markets cessions and inflation yes, bu.t defiation :and tem. Para-doxically, 'the fact that foreign cen­ bU­ fiourlshed. In 1968 she adopted not a iloatln:g severe depression are a thing o~ the past. tral bll.nk:s now hold between 60 and '70 Tate but a close substitute to 1l.aating, what On that most economists are in agre.ement. lion dollars as part of their internationalt:e­ h-a-s becom-e .known as a "trotting peg.'' Under ln the l.93D's under a regime oi fixed ex­ serves is a stabilizing factor. It is impossible this system the currency is devalued by 1~ change .rates~ depressions especially · 4;he f'Or foreign .countries to get .rid of so mRny or 2 % every1ive-or six weeks. This has worked American one, spread ·from country :to

assurances to members of Congress a.bout Additionally, since farejgn airllnes do not duced .for ~xploitative purposes. Once Soviet treatment of would-be emigres. He observe the same cautions we do because more the States and communities can said that 95 per cent of the Jews who asked ,of antitrust they are 1n a posltton to leave have been allowed to; only 738 recent laws, cr.a.ck down .on pnrnog;r.aphers without applicants had been turned down. 149 on of competingV/ith our airlines on two dis­ fear that their efforts will be overturned grounds of national security; the suspended tinct levels. by a higher colll't. exit tax would not be reimposed. While I do not favor nationalizmi any Under the old standard of judgment­ Such .assurances from ·the leader of the industry, it is apparent that some inter­ whether pornographic material was "ut­ Soviet Communist party carry great weight. mediate steps willllave to be taken, su~h terly without r.edeeming social value·~ That he should even talk with American as a review of our antitrust laws and w.e have.seenour communities faced with politicians .about what the U.S.S.R. has Al­ influx ways considered an internal matter is highly preferential tax treatment. to .insure that .an of these m_a,terials, helpless significant. There are some practical con­ domestic airlines maintain a competitive under a vague first amendment interpre­ straints now on Soviet handling of the emi­ posture in the world market. tation by the courts. I do not believe that gration problem-constraints imposed by the To illustrate this point, I submit an the writers of the Constitution ever desire for better economic and other relations article, entitled Taking Off, which ap­ mearit the protection of free speech to with the United States. peared in the April 15 issue of Forbes go to this extent, and I am sure that they But the realities remain, and for the hu­ magazine, for my colleagues serious would not have wanted the express will of man beings involved they can be terrible. consideration: the States and cities to be thwarted in Not that a national Judgment should be made on the basis of one injustice. The point BRITISH AIRWAYS-FUELED BY BRITISH the process. about the Segals' case is its demonstration GovERNMENT MoNEY The Court has now agreed with this of continuing arbitrary treatment that There's a new 1nterntiona.l airline com­ position. Chief Justice Burger has .ob­ simply does not 1it the .assurances. ing over the horizon, and it spe1ls trouble served that prior interpretations de­ There is, for example, no "national secur­ for the exist1ng ·international carriers, ·partic·­ meaned the first amendment by equating ity" reasons for denying exit visas to the ularly Pan American World Airways. It will ''the free and robust exchange of ideas Segatls. Nor is theirs some old case that would have tire most eomprehensive route network and political debate with commercial be handLed differently now; The :refusal o! in the world, nearly .500,000 miles to 200 .air­ their vlsa was confirmed to them just one ports in 84 .countries, vs. Pan Am's 90,000 exploitation of obscene material." In month ago, on May 18, by a Colonel Verein miles to 120 airports in 82 countries. Its 220 place of the old broad guideline, nl­ of the 'SoYiet Interior Ministry. planes will make up the largest international mostimpossiblefor aprosecutor to prove, And of course there are many other cases fleet, and lt will be the largest carrier in both the Court has established three new 10f entir-ely arbitrary den.ials of exit visas, seat-miles ·and ton-mile.s. And behind it will standards. .hundreds known in the West and probably be the British government's financial re­ If a pornographic work .. taken as man.y more unknown. Charaeteristica.lly, the sources. whole. does not have serious literary, obstacle is not the tax or any other gen.eral .British Airways is being formed by a mer­ rule but some special legal de;vice such as ger-not yet completed-of British Overseas -artistic, political, or scientific value.~· and the demand for ']>arental consent." Airways Co. and 'BTitlsh European Airways, "taken as a whole, appeals to the prmi­ When Prof. 'BenJamin LevJ.ch, the great wnuse eombined assets total $1.1 billion. ent interest in sex"· and is "'patently of­ Soviet scientist, sought to go to Israel, his These assets will reach $1."7 billion ln the fensive" in its cnntent, .it can .be banned ISOn was drafted. The young man has re­ next five -years. That's not :a prediction; it's and purveyors prosecuted. een:tly been reported ro be suffering ftom a. a certainty. The .British government, which Even more important !or the people of stomach tumor at a remote army post. owns 100% of BOAC and 100% .of BEA, n'&t­ this great Nation, their ·own judgment A pupil of Professor Levich's, Victor urally will own 100% of British Airways. and Yachot_ was also caned up for mllitary serv­ the government plans to buy enough newly on the nature uf pornographic materials ice wben he sou.gbt to emigrate. He refused issued stock ln the new company. is now to be taken directly into ~ceount. to go~ saying that he had Tenounced his "We will be a formidable competitor," says The Court has held that "commnnlt_y SoViet citizenship. Re was thereupon sent David Lancaster Nioolson, 50, BA' s h-alf­ standards" of decency may be those of a to one of the notGrious prison psychiatric Canadian, half-English ehairman. local area, rather than ·a nationwide "hospitals'' used to punish dissidents. But he That's a typical 'British understatement. standard. 'The St-ates ean thus establish was fortunate~ After :protests from the West Na.t Of in mind in an meetings and negotiations. Am because BEA has an unparalleled net­ work in Europe. U has long been a !feeder bad taste. line .for P.an Am. Pan Am Ch1lllman WUUam FOREIGN AIRLINES SUBSIDIZED BY "J'_ Beawell is \Cel1;ain h~ comp ny ill lose THEIR GOVERNMENTS some-unspeeified-buslness it bas been :re­ EXPERT CRITICISM OF PLOWSHARE ceiving :from :BEA. ·Qaestton ~ How long ean U.S. 'International HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. CMriers take this kind of .competition? HON. TENO RO CALIO OF CALIFGRNIA OF WYOMING IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SUPREME COURT DECISIONS ON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, June 22, 1973 OBSCENITY Friday, June 22, 1973 Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, the Mr. RONCALIO of Wyoming. Mr. problems that our domestic airlines face, HON. C. W. BJLL YOUNG Speaker, the following article from the in terms of foreign competiton, are well OF FLORIDA June 8 Salt Lake Tribune, based on an known to us all. However, what is not so IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES interview with Mr. DaVid M. Evans, di­ well known is the severity of the problem, rector of the Potential Gas Ageney, Friday. June 22_. 1973 and the fact that it becomes more severe Mineral Resources .Institute, Gold~ all the time. Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, Colo~. may tbe of particular interest to The basic prob1em, of cours-e, is that I applaud the decisions handed down by Members in their consideration of AEC all foreign airlines are subsidized, in the Supreme Court yesterday regarding authorizations for fiscal year 1974. whole or ln part, by their governments, obscenity. Once more the people of this ~ have the .highest regard for Mr. and thus are in the favorable position of N-ation are afforded some legal 'Protec­ Evans and his professional" criticism of having· virtually no financial problems. tions against the barrage of filth pro- the AEC's Plowshare program. It is in 21032 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 22,"1973 this vein that I commend this article to Hydraullc fracturing-involving pumping Clark for allowing himself to be used as a into tight formations under pressure to break propaganda tool by the Communists. my colleagues. them up-has been used by oil and gas field Copies of the Committee hearing are avail­ GAS AGENCY'S HEAD PROTESTS RIO BLANCO service companies for years, he says. able free by writing to your Congressman. N-TESTS In the early years, water was the medium. Urge him also to vote in favor of the !chord (By Robert H. Woody) More recently, the medium ts liquid carbon travel bill which wUl prevent American citi­ GoLDEN, CoLo.-David M. Evans is director dioxide. zens from traveling to areas where soldiers of the Potential Gas Agency of the Colorado or insurgents are fighting against the United School of Mines in Colorado. States. A similar bill sponsored by Senator He is a 1936 geology graduate of the col­ Strom Thurmond will be coming up in the lege, which scarcely has the reputation of PINK SHEET REPORTS ON HISC Senate. So please let your senators know producing "eco-freaks." HEARINGS about your feelings on this, too. But as a representative of the Colorado Open Space Council, an organization of more than 40 environmental organizations, Mr. HON. ROGER H. ZION Evans strongly protested the Rio Blanco nu­ OF INDIANA LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES clear tests. CONTINUES TO PROTEST IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Twenty-one days after the test--involving Friday, June 22, 1973 the detonation of three vertically placed 30- Mr. ZION. Mr. Speaker, many of our HON. JOEL PRITCHARD kiloton nuclear explosives to stimulate nat­ OF WASHINGTON ural gas production in formations more than returned POW's have told us of the ad­ a mile underground in western Colorado­ verse effect on their morale produced by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Evans continues to protest. the appearance in Hanoi of American Friday, June 22, 1973 His protest is on two fronts: Economic and ciitzens active in the antiwar movement. health. Returned POW's have testfied before the Mr. PRITCHARD. Mr. Speaker, for a SEEN AS RIDICULOUS House Committee on Internal Security number of years I have been deeply con­ The Atomic Energy Commission and other that they were tortured to compel them cerned with the problems of rural devel­ corporate parties to gas stimulation, admit to meet with American antiwar activists. opment in less-developed nations, and that the wellhead price of gas produced by Our committee has just published the with the close relationship of these prob­ Rio Blanco or future tests would be anywhere transcript of hearings on "Restraints on lems to the basic issues of agricultural from three to eight times more than the cur­ production and mass violence in these rent commercial wellhead average. Travel to Hostile Areas" held May 9 and It is ridiculous then, Mr. Evans argues, for 10, 1973. areas. Last December I visited the Philip­ one federal agency-the Atomic Energy Com­ This week's issue of the Pink Sheet on pines imd spent several days in the deep mission~to sponsor a technology that will the Left dated June 25, 1973 carries are­ rural areas where the vast majority, 70 produce gas at least three times the current port on those hearings. The Pink Sheet percent in fact, of the Philippine popu­ price when another federal agency-the Fed­ has been a source of valuable informa­ lation still lives. There I spoke with a eral Power Commission-keeps a firm hand tion on developments in the extremist number of tenant farmers as well as with on the price of wellhead gas. 2 government officials, landowners, and Why not simply have the Federal Power movements for the past years. Commission lift the price control on gas at The Pink Sheet article follows: others affected by the land situation. the wellhead? If the price were trebled, you'd GOVERNMENT INTERNAL SECURITY COMMITTEE The deep grievances of impoverished, get the explomtion and discovery needed to RELEASES REPORT ON "JANE FONDA" LEGIS­ landless farmers have again and again bring the nation's natural gas stores back in LATION threatened disruption and disintegration balance with demand, he says. The U.S. House Committee on Internal of Philippine society in the generation URANIUM EXAMPLE Security has just released the transcript of its hearings on a bill to restrict travel to since independence. Furthermore, these That's what happened during the uranium grievances are not only dangerous, they boom. The AEC increased the price it would countries in armed conflict with the United pay for uranium to build up a U.S. supply States. . are a dead weight against agricultural for military needs. The Colorado Plateau This proposed legislation has been nick­ production and overall economic devel­ swarmed with prospectors, and the necessary named the "Jane Fonda" bill by supporters. opment. It is tailored to prevent Jane Fondas of the discoveries were made. The problems of rural development­ But with the wellhead price controlled, future from traveling to combat zones and nobody wants to drill for gas. Too costly and making anti-American propaganda. the threats of !arge scale violence, the too risky. Result, the total footage of drilling The proposed legislation will be voted on lack of development, and the low agri­ for oil and gas wells slipped from 235 million by the full House of Representatives within cultural productivity, which by the way feet in 1958 to a low of 125 million in 1971. the next few weeks. The high spot of the recently concluded drives up prices here by creating de­ As for the health hazard, 48 radioactive ele­ mands on our own disappearing sur­ ments are created in a fission explosion in­ HISC hearing on the bill was the testimony volving uranium, he says. Particularly deadly o! Ramsey Clark, a late '72 visitor to Hanoi pluses-are many and complex. and long lived are Strontium 90 and Cesium and a former U.S. Attorney General. Because of my concern with these 137. Ramsey Clark, testifying on his own behalf problems, I was very pleased to see in the and that of the American Civil Liberties READILY DISSOLVED Union, stated that he was opposed to any New York Times for Sunday, June 10, an These two elements are readily dissolved in travel restrictions and had gone to North extensive section, paid for by the Philip­ water, and should there be water leakage into Vietnam solely as an individual. Committee pine Government, presenting that gov­ the nuclear cavity and migration of the water Chairman Richard !chord (D., Mo.) led off ernment's plans and policies for the "New into an adjacent drill hole with a blowout-­ the questioning by sharply challenging Society." The presentation highlighted "Consider what happened recently at Wil­ Clark's statement that he visited North Viet­ liamsburg, Mich."-then the elements could nam as an individual. !chord introduced and emphasized the absolute determina­ contaminate surface water. documentary evidence that Clark was a mem­ tion of the Philippine Government to It should be noted here that not all geol­ ber of a delegation organized by the Com­ proceed with a very large scale land re­ ogists share Mr. Evans' apprehensions on the munist front Stockholm Conference on Viet­ form program which would provide land accidental migration of the water soluble nam. for at least two-thirds of the tenant radioactive materials. The AEC has said that Congressman John Ashbrook (R., Ohio) on the basis of its tests at the Las Vegas test­ pointed to Clark's hypocrisy by revealing that farmers. ing site and because of the tightly compacted when the witness was Attorney General his The presentation contains one of the nature of the western Colorado gas forma­ Justice Department had favored such travel most candid recognitions of a major so­ tions, such an occurrence is nearly impos­ restrictions and Roger Zion (R., Ind.) forced cial problem that I have ever seen in a sible. Clark to admit that picture distributed by formal government statement, especially POINTS TO IRONY North Vietnamese showing Clark standing one directed largely to potential inves7 . Mr. Evans finds a certain irony in the next to an unexploded bomb near a hospital tors. It also embodies one of the most di":" AEC's recent proposal that hydraulic frac­ was phony propaganda. Had the bomb really been dropped at that location it would have rect and public pledges for an effective turing be tested in Piceance Basin of western solution to that problem. I believe that Colorado near where the nuclear fracturing penetrated the ground. the Philippine Government should be testing took place. Expressing the attitude of most of the "Th-at's about like having General Motors Congressmen present, Herbert Burke (R., praised for the highly public commit~ find a substitute for the automobile." Fla.) severely-and properly-reprimanded ment to the vital land reform program. June 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF RE1\fARKS 21033 JOHN J. LANG Pittsburgh area established an award in sonnel Management, Department of In­ memory of two former colleagues of ours terior; Arlow L. Julian, Jr., chief, east­ in the House, the late Robert J. Corbett ern administrative office, Bureau of HON. JOSHUA EILBERG and James G. Fulton. This award is pre­ Mines; Clyde M. Webber, national presi­ OF PENNSYLVANIA sented annually to a Federal employee dent, AFGE; Mr. Sims; W. J. R. Overath, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who displays the highest degree of skill Regional Administrator, Labor-Manage­ and ability in the administration of his Friday, June 22, 1973 or her duty. ment Services Administration, Depart­ Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, on June The 1973 recipient of the Corbett-Ful­ ment of Labor; Howard W. Solomon, 30, 1973, the Northeast Philadelphia ton Award is Miss Clara Shaughnessy, Executive Secretary, Federal Services Chamber of Commerce will be experienc­ who attained national recognition for Impasses Panel; Harold Kessler, chief, ing a most tremendous loss-the retire­ her efforts in having the position of program division, Federal Labor Rela­ ment of its executive director, Mr. John claims representative in the Social Secu­ tions Council, and Jerome H. Ross, na­ J. Lang. rity district upgraded. This action ef­ tional representative, Federal Mediation During his 10 years as executive direc­ fected more than 5,200 employees and Conciliation Service. tor, John has done an outstanding job throughout the United States. Miss in building the chamber of commerce Shaughnessy also was recognized for her into the vital community service orga­ work in the writing of a contract geared nization that it is tol!ay. He has been an to the needs and conditions of social se­ CONNECTICUT BUSINESSMAN invaluable help to me each year in or­ curity district and branch offices in Penn­ FIGHTS INFLATION ganizing my annual business seminar sylvania. in Philadelphia. Whenever community In announcing the award winner, Miss organizations needed assistance, John Mary M. Stock, secretary-treasurer of could always be counted on to get the job Pittsburgh's American Federation of done. He always found time to talk to Government Employees, described Miss HON. RONALD A. SARASIN groups in the community and to become Shaughnessy as "the union representa­ OF CONNECTICUT involved in promoting their projects. tive's union representative and the Fed­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The people of northeast Philadelphia eral employee's employee." will miss John Lang. The Corbett-Fulton Award was a high­ Friday, June 22, 1973 At this time I enter into the REcORD light at a recent dinner sponsored by the Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to an article about John that was published Pittsburgh Federal employees, the Fed­ bring to the attention of my colleagues in the Evening Bulletin in Philadelphia: eral Executive Board and the Federal the action of a Fifth District, Connecti­ SURPRISE FETE HONORS RETIRING CHAMBER Business Association. The dinner itself cut, businessman who has taken direct AIDE observed the 90th anniversary of the U.S. and positive action to combat rising Nearly 100 business and civic lead~rs yes­ Civil Service Commission and kicked off terday paid tribute to John J. Lang who is a day-long labor-management confer­ prices and inflation. retiring June 30 as executive director of the ence. Wilton, Conn., automobile dealer Bob Northeast Philadelphia Chamber of Com­ Principal speaker at the dinner was Sharp, one of the leaders in his field on merce. the east coast, has voluntarily reduced Lang, who has held the post since his re­ Royal L. Sims of Philadelphia, national tirement as an official of the Philadelphia vice president of the AFGE-AFL-CIO. the labor charge on all repair work done Gas Works 10 years ago, was honored at a Mr. Sims paid tribute to Federal em­ at his establishment by $1. · surprise luncheon hosted by the Frankford ployees, noting they administer the af­ This ·reduction, representing a lower­ Kiwanis Club. fairs of Government which touches, 1n ing of these charges by approximately 8 The luncheon was held at the Shack, 7133 percent, was undertaken in response to Roosevelt Blvd. some way, the lives of every American. In addition to working as full-time execu­ .In discussing the relationship of labor President Nixon's recent televised ad­ tive director of the chamber, Lang served as and management in Federal service, Mr. dress regarding the economy. managing director of the Philadelphia Tex­ Sims astutely pointed out there should Mr. Sharp, who is also well known for tile Association and secretary of the North­ be no such division. As he so aptly put his accomplishments on the auto racing east Manufacturers' Association. his He retired at 65 as a public relations rep­ it: "We all own part of the rock." circuit driving for own Bob Sharp resentative for PGW in 1963 after 49 years He did, however, touch on areas he felt racing team, admitted his indivi~..'ual with the company. are vital to continued improvement in action would have little national impact Prior to assuming the full-time executive our system: Awareness of involvement in in controlling inflation, but expressed the director's job, Lang served as a director of great issues of .society; a sensitivity to hope that other auto dealers would follow the chamber for eight years and was active on a number of its committees. intangible outside issues and forces; an his lead and that a broad segment of the "John should be known as Mr. Northeast understanding of not only management's public could benefit from lower automo­ Chamber of Commerce for his efforts in public mission but the social, economic, bile maintenance and repair costs. building the organization into the commu­ and cultural environment in which it Mr. Sharp stressed that this reduction nity force it is today," Robert E. Putney, must be achieved; a knowledge of the of costs would be absorbed by the com­ chamber president, said. A former president and member of the employee's ability and potential and pany and that his employees' paychecks Frankford Exchange Club, Lang 1s a member their development; the need for intelli­ would not be affected. of the Frankford Luncheon Club, founder of gence, commonsense, and human warmth I bring this action to the attention of the Inter-Service Club Jug Golf Tournament in knowing how to motivate employees. my colleagues as an example of truly and a former director and member of the Mr. Speaker, I believe the Pittsburgh public-spirited behavior by a business­ North Hills Country Club. branch of AFGE, under the capable lead­ man. ership of Robert W. Huffman, president, Mr. Sharp has demonstrated a real should be commended for not only recog­ concern for our present problems and MISS CLARA SHAUGHNESSY, 1973 nizing the individual achievement of one has given more than lipservice to deal­ WINNER OF THE CORBETT-FUL­ of their own but also for bringing em­ ing with them. I offer him my congratu­ TON AWARD ployees and supervisors together in a lations and I hope more businessmen in conference to understand and solve Connecticut and throughout the Nation mutual problems. will be moved by his example to deal di­ HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS I would like to extend these commen­ rectly with one of the major root causes OF PENNSYLVANIA dations to those who took part in the of inflation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES conference: Peter M. Smith, personnel Such individual initiative by the busi- officer of eastern administrative office, Friday, June 22, 1973 nessmen of America, if carried out na­ Bureau of Mines; Rev. Jerome A. Dura­ . tionwide, would be the surest and fastest Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, a few czynski of the VA Hospital; John F. Mc­ way. of dealing with the rampant infla­ years ago Federal employees in the Kune, Director of_Organization ~d Per- tion tnreatening our economy. '21034 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 22, 1973 THE HIGH PRICE OF FOOD: A dictable and irreversible-supply-demand station wagon, roll up the power assisted MATTER OF TASTE situations. windows, turn on the air conditioning, and Tastes are changing. Paychecks, like peo­ start complaining again about "unreason­ ple, are getting fatter. Today people want to able" prices. eat more, and to eat more expensive things. HON. TOM STEED And they want to buy a convenience com­ OF OKLAHOMA ponent in what they insist on thinking of as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a simple food bill. MINIMUM WAGE BILL Mr. Nixon says he wants to "make it poSsi­ Friday, June 22, 1973 ble to produce meat and eggs and milk at Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, every now prices you can afford." But he must know HON. JOHN E. HUNT and then even the Washington Post that most of those who are complaining OF NEW JERSEY loudest can afford to pay today's prices-and prints something worthy of being re­ more-for good diets. In 1930 Americans IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pea.ted. spent 23.4 per cent of their incomes on food. Friday, June 22, 1973 Such is the case, in my opinion, of In 1960, 20 per cent. Until recently, 15.7 the article in the Friday, June 22, issue per cent, and only 12.3 per cent on food pre­ Mr. HUNT. Mr. Speaker, following the written by columnist George Will on the pared in the home. adoption of the minimwn wage bill in subject: "The High Price of Food: A The "problem" today is that more Ameri­ the House of Representatives, several Matter of Taste." cans-and more disagreeable foreigners-can overzealous political persons decided to I compliment Mr. Will on the clever afford to pay more for more and better food. project themselves into the picture by Give a man here or abroad milk and the criticizing my vote. I note that one poli­ and effective way he has pointed out the greedy wretch will want beef. And soon the basic and most important factor bearing American consumer starts complaining about tician, in particular, who is currently upon our Nation's economic problems to­ the consequences of a demand (including his seeking reelection to the New Jersey As­ day. I doubt if many of my urban ori­ own) that is growing faster, worldwide, than sembly this coming November was quite ented colleagues will find this article very the food supply. Such complaining is not critical of my vote but distorted the fact pleasing, since it pulls away the false realistic. that I have supported the minimum wage curtain of hypocrisy behind which so Regarding gasoline, Mr. Nixon promises· projections on a more orderly progres­ many have hidden when blame had to be Phase IV "measures" (not, of course, wicked sion of scale. It is quite apparent that controls) to stabilize (without, of course, this is why he is in the lower House of fixed. They still like to make the poor controlling) the price of gasoline. These old farmer the whipping boy. measures will try to insure that excessive the New Jersey Legislature because with­ The article follows: demand does not lead to price increases that- ~ out any equivocation he has ex­ THE HIGH PRICE OF FOOD: A MATTER OF would dampen the large U.S. portion of the hibited his unknowledgeable intemperate TASTE soaring worldwide demand that is causing mouthings without regard to the whole (By George Will) the scarcity. That is not realistic. story. A few months ago when Meat Boycott Chic But the vox populi is hitting C over high May I call to your attention, Mr. was in full fiower, the media featured house­ C about food and gasoline prices, and Mr. Speaker and to all of those who are in­ wives incandescent with rage because high Nixon is not deaf. Would that he were! terested, an editorial that appeared in meat prices were "forcing" them to subsist . Keeping down gasoline prices will stimu­ the Detroit Free Press on June 11, 1973. on "hot dogs and TV dinners." If American late consumption-and oil imports. That will hurt the balance of payments as will the pro­ It is a well-known fact that the Detroit consumers are too dim to understand that Free Press is not a conservative sub­ hot dogs are a dreadfully expensive way to posed restraints on agricultural exports. So buy protein, or that the price of a TV dinner perhaps there will be another devaluation, scriber to the news media but to find includes about as much for the preparation with another increase in the cost of imports, such a frank explanation should leave as for food, then Mr. Nixon can be partially and another easing of competitive pressure no doubt in the minds of those who are forgiven for treating us like "a child in the on domestic industries. As an anti-infiation critical as to what we were trying to ac­ family." program, this is not realistic. complish in the House. It is deplorable In his June 13 economic speech the Presi­ Liberals, most of whom favor controls, ac­ that the shortsightedness .of some of my dent did just that. He eschewed "seemingly cuse conservatives, most of whom oppose ·colleagues may cause the loss of employ- simple gimmicks." Instead, he "froze" just controls, of being "unrealistic" about the about everything, saying: "We must not let dynamics of social change, and of wanting ment to those persons who work in the controls become a narcotic-and we must not to "turn back the clock." It is true that · domestic field and to the youth of Amer­ become addicted." He promised that the conservatives often are not au courant con­ ·ica who need jobs to augment their freeze will be followed by "a new and more cerning the most recently discovered laws of . school money. effective system of controls" designed-you social behavior. I also include a copy of the remarks of guessed it-"to get us out of a controlled But conservatives do have a firm grasp on Congressman JOHN N. ERLENBORN Of Il­ one arcane law, to wit: when peoples' ap­ economy." linois that adequately explain the po­ Mr. Nixon probably understands that petite for something is increasing faster sition I took on the floor of the House: whiney, spoiied, irrational consumers have than the supply of that something, the price no objection to the national penchant for often goes up. And if it goes up far enough, [From the Detroit Free Press, June 11, 1973] talking fiapdoodle about the economy. But people usually don't want so much of it. Or, EDITORIAL ASSAILS HOUSE PACKAGE surely it is sensible to distingiush between as the boys at the serious quarterlies say, Like the decision to double the President's general infiation and some of the more con­ most demand is price elastic. . recommendations for Social Security bene­ spicuous price rises that are not just mani­ As for "turning back the clock," that is Mr:­ fits made by the last Congress, this new Con­ festations of the general infiation. Nixon's stunt, and his liberal critics are gress has gone far peyond Mr. Nixon's own The principal cause of general infiation is merely complaining that he did not turn it high but reasonable recommendations. government spending. It is understandable back far enough. He turned it back by man­ The President had supported a proposal that Mr. Nixon did not dwell on this fact in dating prices at the June 1-8 levels, but his to increase the minimum hourly wage from his speech. It is an unpromising topic for critics say prices were "unreasonably" high $1.60 to $1.90 this year, $2.10 a year later the author of an FY 1974 budget that calls then. and $2.20 after two years. He would not for spending twice as much as LBJ spent in I will leave it to Mr. Nixon and his fellow have included any new workers in the cover~ 1966 even while LBJ was escalating wars controllers to argue about the day or week or age, and advocated a "youth differential" for against North Vietnam and poverty. Mr. year or decade in which prices were at a level beginners or summer job-seekers. Nixon's latest budget calls for spending $19 "reasonable" for today. :Sut it might be jollll' The House went way beyond it. It voted billion more than was spent last year-an in­ good fun for Mr. Nixon next time around for a $2 minimum this year and $2.20 next crease la.rger than the sum of all federal (and there will be a next time) to mandate year. It jacked up the rate for agricultural budgets from 1789 through 1906. prices at levels prevailing (say) June 1-8, workers, who now get a minimum of $1.30 an Yes, sure, this budget was announced by 1933, when there was a sort of heavy econom­ hour, to a schedule which would reach the Mr. Nixon and denounced by his critics as ic frost on everything. same $2.20 rate in 1976. an austerity budget. More flapdoodle, all Unrealistic, you say? Well, God forbid un­ It included an estimated one million around. realism in economic pollcy. The grim women household domestics, not now covered, and The public is grousing most about a few of the meat boycott would not stand for it. put them on a schedule which will reach prices it considers "unreasonable," especially Today some of these women can be seen the $2.20 level in 1975. It extended coverage food and gasoline prices. These prices con­ in Chevy Chase supermarkets, complaining to about five million federal, state and local tribute to the general inflation statistics, but all the way from the meat counter to the government employees, and by a narrow they are not just part of the general infiation, checkout counter about paying an extra margin beat down the youth differential. any more than is the price paid a scalper for quarter for a steak. Then they plunk down It will affect those it was designed to Redskins tickets. These prices have to do 50 cents for a lottery ticket, load their sacks help, but the effect, we fear, will be disas­ with uncomfortable-but inevitable and pre- of potato chips and soft· drinks into a large trous. It will, quite simply, price a lot o! June 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21035 jobs out of existence, invite evasion of the ers will come under a special overtime provi­ "is the opinion of people who tend to be law and, at the same time, increase the sion for the first time. citizen activists. They are likely to belong to pressure by those already at or above the Transit companies are in a precarious posi­ civic and political organizations and to know minimums for greater inflationary increases. tion, and may be hard hit if they must how to make their views felt." No one needs to be told there is a shortage change their traditional way of handling In the survey on poverty, 51 per cent said of jobs for teenagers this summer and, we overtime. the government should guarantee a mini­ imagine, there are plenty of teenagers who The inclusion of government workers will mum income for everybody in need. would be willing to work for $1.50 or $1.60 have a spotty effect. Federal workers will be Asked what the minimum should be for a an hour. But if an employer is forced to exempt from overtime provisions, and so will family of four, 12 per cent said it should be pay $2, the job will cease to exist. Most super­ police and firemen. Even so, the House-passed $2,400, 21 per cent said $4,200, 11 per cent market baggers have already vanished, and bill wm markedly raise the cost of state and said $5,000 and 8 per cent said $6,500. the restaurant busboy is an endangered local government. However, 41 per cent said there should be species. This proposed 24 percent immediate Most urban and suburban domestic work- . no minimum income and the remainder said increase in the minimum wage could well ers (except baby sitters) apparently are now they had no opinion. finish them off. paid more than the minimum wage. What Asked whether they favored higher Federal We question whether the inclusion of impresses me here is the enforcement prob­ income taxes for "people with higher in­ domestic helpers is even constitutional. Con­ lem. A domestic worker may have five or six comes," 71 per cent voted "yes," 24 per cent gress derives its power to set minimum wages employers, and even a dozen employers for "no" and 5 per cent "no opinion." from the interstate commerce clause. It taxes one worker are not unusual. It will be inter­ Asked whether state and local authorities the imagination to consider domestic help esting to see the number of bureaucrats re­ should rely less on sales and property taxes interstate commerce, e,·en if the maid in quired to enforce this section. and more on income taxes, the respondents Toledo spends some time dusting Grand The big battle concerned the youth cUf­ were 61 per cent in favor, 32 per cent op­ Rapids furniture or watching a television set ferential. It is a key part of the Erlenborn posed and 7 per cent ~ndecided. made in Japan. The same constitutional Substitute. It would provide that a 16- or 17- question applies to state and local govern:.. year-old youth could work for six months ment workers. _at a lower rate (usually 80 per cent) than PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON Even if it is constitutional, it is damag­ older workers. The youth rate also would ap­ ing. . . . Call it slave labor if you will, but ply to full-time students. $5 or $8 a day is considered the going rate : Unemployment among young people is dis­ HON. JOHN BRADEMAS in much of the nation. If the legal rate goes proportionately high-presently at 15 per OF INDIANA cent for all, b1.1t at 30 per cent for non­ up to $16 for an eight-hour day, the jobs will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES disappear in whole or in part, or householder whites. and helper will ·collude to break the law. The bill which passed the House would Friday, June 22, 1973 Further, over the long run, this bill will ·continue student work provisions which are so bound up in red tape that only 37,000 Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, there force wages and prices up all along the line. can be no question that Lyndon B. John­ The worker now getting $2 will, reasonably students get the advantage of them. enough also want a 25 percent increase to son was one of the most extraordinary $2.50. The worker getting $2.50 will hardly public :figures in American history. be content. . PUBLIC COMMITMENT TO A WAR A Member of the House of Represent­ Fortunately, the key vote on the. bill, a ON POVERTY atives, majority leader of the Senate, Republican substitute, was only defeated by Vice President and, finally, President of a fairly slim inargin, 218-199. "although the the United States-Lyndon Johnson record vote on the bill itself was 287-130. This HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL brought a combination of energy and in­ means that if the Senate passes the House OF NEW YORK version and Mr. Nixon vetoes it, his chances telligence and compassion to his respon­ are g,ood of being upheld in the House. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sibilities unusual to find in any person. We think he should and expect he will. Friday, June 22, 1973 Everyone who came to know the late A minimum wage blll on which I have President will have his own recollections worked hard for nearly three years lost out . Mr. RANOEL. Mr. Speaker, all public of him. in the House of Representatives June 6. The opinion polls, I tnow, are closely scru­ But, Mr. Speaker, I remember partic­ Democratic majority on the Education and tinized and carefully considered by my ularly the visit President Johnson made Labor Committee had reported a bill to raise colleagues in Congress. to my hometown of South Bend, Ind., the minimum from its present $1.60 to $2 al­ I would like to bring to the attention :.;nost immediately, and on to $2.20 a year. in early 1964 to survey the impact on our afterward. · 9f CoNGRESSIONAL REcORD readers, the community of the shutdown in late 1963 · Following the practice of last year, I had ~etails of a television poll conducted by of the Studebaker automotive plant. And fostered the Erlenborn Substitute which George Gallup, Jr. I continued to be grateful for the assist­ would have raised the miilimums at a more . I feel certain that these findings will be ance he provided to help the people of leisurely rate. ·The substitute was ·defeated of the act sites, and wildlife refuges has been and IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES that all agencies of the Federal Govern~ continues to be a widespread national problem. Friday, June 22, 1973 mentshall: (C) include in every recommendation or From January 1, 1970, through De­ Mr. ECKHARDT. Mr. Speaker, the report on proposals for legislation and other cember 31, 1972, the Council on Environ­ Congress will soon be asked to put its major federal actions significantly affecting me~tal Quality reported 85 completed final stamp of approval on the proposed the quality of the human environment a environmental impact statements and Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973 as detailed statement by the responsible C:m­ ~61 ~raft . statements specifically deal­ dif­ cial on- mg w~th. highways routed through parks House and Senate conferees resolve (i) the environmental impact of the pro­ ferences between the respective versions posed action, and similar areas. This is a total of 246 of S. 502. I am concerned lest the bill (11) any adverse environmental effects highway/park encroachment situations finally approved by the conference con­ which cannot be avoided should the pro­ over a 3-year period. tain a provision in it designed to ex­ posal be implemented, ~ 1972 alone, 107 draft and 64 final empt a project in San Antonio, Tex., (iii) alternatives to the proposed action sectiOn 4(f) statements were either in from Federal law. (iv) the relationship between local short~ process or completed. Each statement The project is the controversial "North term uses of man's environment and the both draft and final, generally refers t~ maintenance and enhancement of long-term Expressway" part of the proposed reloca­ productivity, and ~ speci?c situation where a highway is tion of U.S. Highway 281. A 9.6 mile sec­ (v) any irreversible and irretrievable com­ Impactmg on a park or similar area tion will serve the north-south traffic mitments of resources which would be in­ Thus, in the last calendar year 17i corrider between downtown San Antonio volved in the proposed action should it be situations similar to Brackenridge' Park and the San Antonio International Air­ implemented. were developing. port by connecting Interstate Highway 'The courts have been and continue to B~th sections 4(f) and 102 clearly 35 and existing U.S. 281 and Loop 410. reqlll:re only the rational approach to be an effective forum through which to The current plan is to construct the ex­ resolve conflicts similar to that in San P~rsiCal and .social planning that the pressway through the Olmos Basin and c1t1zens of thiS Nation have demanded Antonio. According to a compilation by Brackenridge Park areas. The park com­ and expect-full knowledge and under­ the Federal Highway Administration plex contains the San Antonio Zoo San standing of the total effect of a public ~bo~~ one-third of the cases in which Jacinto Park, Olmos Basin picnic 'area, wo.rks project-highway, airport, reser­ I~diVlduals or. groups have challenged two golf courses, an open air threater, voll', or other facility. What are the long­ highway routmg decisions have been sunken gardens, Franklin Fields the term benefits? Are the long-term costs completely resolved, and most of the Alamo Stadium, playing fields, biking public and private, worth paying? In th~ others are in various stages of resolution. trails, and undeveloped lands. absence of this information no major To exempt the San Antonio case from The Texas Highway Department and public project-Federal, State, or local the judicial process would encourage dis­ the city of San Antonio seek special ac­ should be authorized or allowed to pro­ putants to seek similar congressional in­ tion by Congress to exempt the project ceed. ~rvention a_nd would subvert the exist­ from the requirements of section 4(f) of On August 13, 1970, the Secretary of mg ;mechamsm for resolutions of these the Department of Transportation Act, Transportation, upon request of the State proliferating conflicts. If Congress inter­ as amended (49 U.S.C. section 1653 (f) of Texas authorized Federal participa­ c~des in this case we will have estab­ and the National Enviromnental Policy tion in the North Expressway. The lish~d the. precedent of intervening in Act. State of Texas thus voluntarily submit­ specific highway disputes whenever a In approving section 4 (f) of the De­ ted itself to Federal law with full knowl­ St::'t~ highway department finds itself partment of Transportation Act, the edge of the controversial nature of the enJomed for failure to comply with the Congress said: project and applicable Federal statutes. laws. If the Texas Highway Department It is hereby declared to be the national The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth is granted specific relief here then other policy that special effort should be made to Circuit has subsequently enjoined the Sta~e. high.way departments now under preserve the natural beauty of the country­ ~ ~JunctiOn could demand similar leg­ side and public park and recreation lands, Texas Highway Department from con­ structing the proposed North Express­ islatiOn. On what basis could we refuse wildlife and waterfowl refuge, and historic their requests? sites. way through the Brackenridge-Olmos parklands for failure· to provide the CHRONOLOGY Section 4(f) directs that the Secretary This matter was under consideration of Transportation not approve any pro­ proper environmental impact statements. th~ in the 92d Congress. At that time, Con­ gram or project which requires the use Now Texas Highway Department and the City of San Antonio seek special gressman JoHN DlNGE·LL described the of the above resources unless there ~·is legislation by Congress to permit it to series of events surrounding the San An­ no feasible and prudent alternative to "repay" the Federal aid received to date the use of such land" and such program tonio controversy. Following is the per­ for the North Expressway and complete tinent section of his statement with an "includes all possible planning to mini­ construction within the parks utilizing mize harm" to such park, recreational update of the events since last year­ State and local funds. CoNGRESSIONAL REcORD, volume 118, part area, wildlife and waterfowl refuge or In response to a plea from the State historic site resulting from such use. The 24, pages 31872-31873: th~ Senate-passed version of S. 502 con­ Congress reconfirmed its intent to afford tamed a section terminating the Federal­ HIGHWAY INTERESTS SEEK TO SUBVERT AND UN­ priority protection to park lands and aid relationship for the North Express­ DERMINE ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS similar areas in the Federal-Aid High­ The San Antonio highway was first sug­ y;ay. ~e H~use, wisely, I believe, avoided way Act of 1968. gested in the midfifties by the San Antonio ~mmersmg Itself in such controversial In 1969, the Congress approved addi­ City Council. In 1960 the Texas Highway De­ ~sl:les ?Y not adopting a similar pro­ partment recommended two alternate routes tional landmark legislation-the Na­ VISion 1n the House bill. However, I am tional Environmental Policy Act (42 for the road-~me of which would go through U.S.C. section 4321 et seq.). In this act concerned that the Senate provision will the Brackenridge-Olmos Parklands. Congress articulated the need to exam~ be incorporated into the conference re­ In 1961, a bond issue passed for acquisition ine and evaluate the impact of all types po:rt. Such legislation would-be a dan­ of the right-of-way. But, according to our of federally assisted projects. The Con­ gerous precedent with serious national distinguished former colleague, now a Fed­ gress determined, that- ramifications. Congress will have begun eral judge, Homer Thornberry, "No particular June 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21037 route was specified on the proposition as it of the two "end segments" of this express­ Jewish Community Relations Advisory appeared on the voters' ballots." way. No environmental study under N.E.P.A. Council, who were concerned that the In 1963, the State settled on the park has been made with respect to these two Nixon-Brezhnev meeting would be det­ route. "end segments," and the Secretary has dem­ After Congress enacted section 4(f) of the onstrated no effort by anyone to examine the rimental to the Russian Jewry emigra­ Department of Transportation Act of 1966, section 4(f) "feasible and prudent" alterna­ tion. which is aimed at preserving our parklands, tives to the route followed by these two "end the San Antonio Conservation Society in segments," which come right up to, if not 1967 requested that a different route be in to, the Parklands from both the north ILLEGAL DEATH selected. When their request was denied, the and the south. Thus, it requires no discussion society filed a lawsuit in December 1967. to establish that there has been no com­ In January 1966, the then Secretary of pliance with any of the above-quoted HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Transportation said there had been no ap­ statutes. OF NEW YORK proval by DOT for this right of way, and in Moreover, Judge Thornberry said that­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES April 1968 he sought an analysis of the "Section 4(f) 'does not authorize' DOT to project. separate a 'project' into 'segments.' In short Friday, June 22, 1973 On September 23, 1968, the DOT Secretary the Secretary acted beyond the scope of his gave conditional approval, but it never was authority." Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, as Ameri­ effective, because in February 1969 the State He then s-aid: cans today are stunned by the blatant refused to accept the conditions. "By the Secretary's own admission, he disregard for the law as exhibited by On December 23, 1969, DOT Secretary John adopted this piecemeal solution in order to President Nixon's closest aides in the A. Volpe approved two end segments outside defuse a controversial situation by attempt­ Watergate affair, Mr. Nixon is exhibiting the park, but not the middle section in the ing to strike a compromise between those who an equal ignorance of the law in his han­ park, and called for a study of the park sec­ were determined to build the highway and dling of the controversy over the Office tion. But in January 1970, the State objected those who were determined to save the Park. of Economic Opportunity. to this approval and in April 1970 refused to The problem with the Secretary's solution to make the study. the controversy is that he misconceived his While Congress appropriated Federal But on August 4, 1970-after enactment of role. The confitct between Parklands and fu!lds for the continuation of OEO, NEPA-the State reversed itself and agreed Highways has already been resolved in the President :nixon appointed Howard Phil­ to the study if Federal funds would be avail­ Halls orf Congress, which is the proper place lips as Acting Director, with the singular able immediately for the two end segments. in our system of Government for priority de­ goal of terminating the agency. On August 13, 1970, Secretary Volpe agreed cisions to be ·made. And, as the statutes here Recent court rulings concerning these and on August 24, 1970, bids were authorized. in question make clear, parklands and en­ actions have clearly shown that the On September 1, 1970, when the citizens vironmental values are considered para­ President has acted in an illegal and un­ learned of this, the lawsuit was revived mount. See Citizens to Preserve Overton lawful manner. "claiming they had found out about the Park, Inc. v. Volpe, 401 U.S. at-, 91 S. Ct. at Secretary's action only through the news­ 821-22 [2 ERC 1250] (1971) .'' A recent New York Times editorial en­ paper." titled, "Illegal Death" dealt with this The August 18, 1972, Senate report on S. Following the decision of the Court of subject. 3939 states-Senate Report No. 92-1081, on Appeals, the State of Texas renewed its It is high time that we, in Congress, as­ page 42: effort to circumvent Federal law by seek­ sert our constitutional strength. In this "The State obtained initial route approval ing to have the court dismiss the suit on light, I have introduced, in the House, from the Federal Highway Administrator and the grounds that it was proceeding solely H.R. 8468 which will appropriate funds purchased all right-of-ways and completed with State funds. The motion was de­ all relocation with approximately $7 million for OEO for the fiscal year ending June in State and local funds prior to the changes nied, and both the Court of Appeals, and 30, 1974. I fervently hope that swift and in Federal law which now involve it in legal the Supreme Court refused to overturn decisive action is taken on these matters controversy. The Secretary of Transportation the judgment. pertaining to OEO. approved the letting of construction con­ On January 10, 1973, the U.S. District The editorial follows: tracts prior to recent Federal eourt decisions Court ordered the Texas Highway De­ ILLEGAL DEATH defining the standard by which the admin­ partment and the U.S. Department of Since January, when President Nixon dis­ istrative approval was to be reviewed. Thus, Transportation to "proceed diligently the project has twice been caught by changes closed in his budget message that he was and with all speed reasonable under the requesting no funds for the Office of Econom­ in Federal law and procedures affecting its circumstances to prepare the statements ic Opportunity in the next fiscal year, the completion as a Federal-aid project." and reports required by .Federal statutes Administration has slowly been putting the According to our former colleague, Judge agency to death. Programs have been phased Thornberry, the State did not obtain any and regulations." There has been no indication to date out, employes fired, and money that Congress approval from the Federal Highway Admin­ appropriated to wage war on poverty has been istrator prior to enactment of section 4(f) or that the State has complied with this order. left unspent. NEPA. Moreover, DOT's approval of construc­ Such actions are in violation of existing tion contracts for the two end segments oc­ law. In April a Federal court in the District curred 8 months after NEPA was enacted of Columbia ruled that the President cannot into law on January 1, 1970, and well after LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION order any agency dismantled when Congress the court case had been filed. ACT has legally established the agency and ap­ Thus, the project was not "caught," either propriated funds to carry out its legislated twice or even once, "by changes in Federal purpose. law and procedures." HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN As part of this illegal plot to confront Con­ lawsuit-Conservation Society In the v. OF FLORIDA gress with an accomplished fact, the White Texas, Civ. No. 30915, Aug. 5, 1971, 2 ERC IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES House refused to nominate a new head of 1872-.Judge Thornberry of the Fifth Circuit O.E.O. when the last director quit. Instead, Court of Appeals described the parks in ques­ Friday, June 22, 1973 Howard Phillips was given an "interim ap­ tion and concluded: _ Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, yesterday pointment" as acting director. II. Preservation of Parklands: The Brack­ Four members of the United States Senate enridge-Olmos Basin Parklands are unique I voted for the Legal Services Corpora­ filed a suit challenging this maneuver. The park and recreation areas situated at the tion Act, not because I believe it is the court has now ruled that Mr. Phillips holds headwaters of the San Antonio River and best bill that I have seen, but rather to office "unlawfully and illegally." A President surrounded by a del)sely populated urban ·insure that the poor of this Nation will normally makes an interim appointment only area in San Antonio, Texas. The Parklands have_continued access to legal counsel. when Congress is not in session. But Con­ contain Sunken Gardens, an open air theater, I would also like to state for the REc­ gress has been continuously in session since two golf courses, the San Antonio Zoo, picnic Mr. Phillips was named four and one-half ORD that had I been present for rollcall areas, nature trails, and many acres of green: months ago. The court found that a Presi­ No. 256, on an amendment to prohibit ad­ dent's power to make interim appointments, open space. While there is a factual dispute ministrative advocacy by legal services concerning the exact number of acres "if it exists at all, exists only in emergency threatened by this proposed expressway, it attorneys, I would have voted "nay." situations. No claim has been made that the Legal service attorneys have the same appointment of Phillips was necessitated by 'appears that the expressway will require the any emergency situation and the court finds use of between 116 and 250 acres of parkland. right to work for legislation favorable to their clients as private attorneys do for that there was none." III. Noncompliance with the Statutory The Administration's desire to dismantle Law: ,":'.ur task is simplified greatly to begin the corporations which retain them. the Federal antipoverty agency when millions with because_ it is undisputed that the Sec­ I was not present at that time as I )VaS still live in poverty is a serious mistake in retary CY! Transportation complied with none meeting with several constituents, at­ social policy, but policy is always open to rea­ of the above-quoted statutes in his approval tending the national conference of the sonable disagreement.· What is profoundly 21038 EXTENSIONS OF_REMARKS _ June 22, 1973 dismaying is the Administration's willingness The beauty of this system is that it works. estimated that about 70% of private pension to circumvent the law and defy Congress in Not that it is always perfect. It may not· plan participants are not now vested. This order to put its policy into effect. Such ex­ produce instant results. Sometimes it coughs means that if these participants leave their ecutive arrogance breeds lawlessness and sub­ and sputters. And sometimes it may even present jobs, their accrued benefits will go verts free and orderly government. swing too far in one direction and then too down the drain. It is now up to Congress to appropriate the far in the other before it strikes just the And 34% of private pension plan par­ money for the coming fiscal "fear, thus giving right balance. ticipants 50 years old or older do not have substance to O.E.O.'s existing authorization. But it does work. a vested right to retirement benefits. I single If Congress fails to assert itself promptly, it Unfortunately, some people become im­ out this age group because these are the peo­ will find that the Administration has suc­ patient with it. Their impatience leads to ple that probably suffer the greatest losses ceeded in killing O.E.O. More important even criticism. Their criticism leads to panic. when anticipated benefits for one reason or t han the fate of the antipoverty program is And their panic leads to meddling. another are taken away. These individuals are that Congress back up the courts and induce They suggest, in effect, that it would be generally in a much poorer position than the the President to fulfill his constitutional so much easier and faster simply to man­ younger worker to find another employer and mandate to see to it that the laws are faith­ date economic results. To proclaim by decree another pension plan, hopefully one which fully executed. that prices should be at this level and pro­ will vest. duction at that level. As though saying More than 30 million working men and it could somehow make it happen. The peo­ women, close to one half of our total work ple who believe this obviously don't know force, participate in private pension plans-. 1974 PORK SUPPLY DWINDLING the same farmers I know. The assets in private pension plans approach Frankly, this kind of thinking worries me. I $150 billion in unregulated money. hope it worries you. I would urge this committee to consider HON. PAUL FINDLEY The reason this kind of thinking worries carefully rapid vesting for older workers, not OF ILLINOIS me is that it would make our system just to the exclusion of younger workers, but with like those of many of the nations we are an eye on the special situation of older par­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES now helping to feed. ticipants. My own bill, H.R. 186, employs the Friday, June 22, 1973 Then who would feed us? so-called "Rule of 50" as to vesting (50 % With that question, I again thank you for vesting is required when any combination of Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I am get­ being with us. age and years of covered service equals 50, ting calls from my district telling of Hoping the answer is clear. with vesting of an additional 10 % each year farmers starting to sell pregnant sows for the next iive years after vesting begins) and gilts-animals that should be and would reduce greatly the number of par­ producing our pork supply for next year. ticipants age 50 and over who are not vested. PRIVATE PENSION SYSTEM Certainly there are problems other than The result will be less pork at the super­ vesting which must be examined and solved. market meat counters in 1974. While adequate disclosure of a pension plan's The reason those animals are being HON. JAC'K EDWARDS administrative and financial affairs is vital, sold is simple: With ceilings on red meat OF ALABAMA we must avoid creating an impenetrable prices, farmers now see little prospect of thicket of forms and paper work which profit. So the pregnant sows are going IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would be particularly burdensome to the to the slaughterhouse. Friday, June 22, 1973 small businessman. The creation of a tangled web of red tape would dampen the incentive Instead of letting the price system do Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr. to create new private pension plans and its work of increasing supplies and Speaker, in February I testified before would stifle those plans already m existence. bringin6 prices into line, Government the Task Force on Welfare and Pension We must consider setting up a minimum edict is dictating prices and decreasing Plans, General Subcommittee on Labor, funding standard for pension plans and a na­ supplies. What looked like a prospect for House Committee on Education and La­ tional insurance program to protect against moderating prices now has changed. The bor on the subject of strengthening and loss of benefits caused by the termination of outlook is for high prices and/or short­ improving the private pension system. pension plans. As this committee 1s awaTe, ages. This is just one example of the the President directed the Treasury and La­ Since this subject is still being actively bor Departments in December of 1971 to danger..; of substituting Government considered by the Congress and since it undertake a full study of the benefit losses rules for price signals from consumers. is a subject about which we are all deeply caused by pension plan termination. At the I do not like the direction we are going. concerned, I am inserting into the present time, we know very little about the Another person who put it very well re­ RECORD my testimony of earlier this year: magnitude of the problem of inadequate cently in remarks before the American TESTIMONY OF REPRESENTATIVE JACK EDWARDS funding and plan termination. This Treas­ ury/Labor study should, upon its completion, Agricultural Editors Association in a Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, session in the New Senate Offi.ce Building be factored into all legislative appToaches to every member of Congress is aware of the these problems. June 19, 1973, was Warren Lebeck, execu­ pressing need for reform of the private pen­ The question of portability requires care­ tive vice president of the Chicago Board sion system. This committee in particular has ful study with close attention to the problems of Trade. applied its energy, leadership, and wisdom to of standardization of plans and the adminis­ Mr. Speaker, I insert the remarks of this problem, including your hear~gs in tration of transferred pension credits. Mr. Warren Lebeck before the American April of 1971, your far-reaching investiga­ We should keep in mind the fact that Agricultural Editors Association in the tion of the private retirement system in past some private retirement plans are well run RECORD at this point: months, and now through these hearings in and efficiently administered. We should strive the early days of the 93rd Congress. Chair­ to minimize the effect of governmental reg­ REMARKS BY WARREN LEBECK man Dent's legislative efforts in this area ulation on these plans. American agriculture is being called upon have provided the stimulus for discussion We should make every effort to avoid pro­ as never before to help supply the food needs and debate throughout the country, and his visions which would directly or Indirectly of the entire world. Free world and commu­ bills serve as a strong pivotal point for these burden the young worker by withholding nist nations alike. hearings. large amounts from his wages at a time when This should tell us something. At the We have all received moving letters from he or she needs current income much more risk of oversimplification, it should tell us constituents who share with us their disap­ than retirement income. our system must be working better than pointment and distress produced by a faulty One voice which this committee should their systems. private pension plan. I recall one letter in give every opportunity to be heard on this Some of the reasons are pretty obvious. particular. My constituent told of working vital subject of private pension reform is One of them is that we have a free and con­ for more than twenty years in the same in­ the Honorable Peter J. Brennan, the newly­ tinuous flow of information. Information dustry. During this twenty years, he paid appointed Secretary of Labor. Secretary about new and better ways to produce. In­ into two different union pension plans. When Brennan is still organizing his department formation about supply and demand and he changed unions, he found he lost twelve and its programs at the moment, but his prices and other things farmers need to know years of contributions. He now finds that the thinking and an adequate input from his to make the necessary adjustments. You can terms of his present pension plan are being department are essential to good legislation. I take a big share of the credit for this. You altered to lower his benefits. hope the committee hearings will not be do your jobs well. This letter is typical of others, but I know closed before the Department of Labor has Another reason is the way we achieve it is not necessary to convince this commit­ had a reasonable opportunity to make a desired economic results. We do it mainly tee of the social tragedy which has occurred meaningful contribution. through a system of competitive markets, and which will continue to occur unless im­ Mr. Chairman, retirement in America can through the interplay of supply and de­ provement is realized. be marked by loneliness, desperation, and mand. Price changes very quickly tell pro­ Vesting is the main pillar of the -private a sense of helplessness. Or, it can be charac­ ducers--and tell them in a way they re­ pension problem. That is, when does the terized by independence, self-reliance, and spond to--whether more production or less worker obtain an irrevocable right to receive dignity. As President Nixon pointed out ln production is needed. benefits upon reaching retirement age? It is his message to the Congress in December of June 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21039 1971, the deciding factor is usually an ade­ U.S. TROOPS IN KOREA BATTLli: DAILY FRUSTRA• to recording the volumes and reams of quate posi-retirement income. It is up to us TION-20 YEARS AFTER ARMISTICE, 40,000 words uttered by the 435 Members of the in the Congress to see that an important GI's ARE "Too MANY WITH Too LITTLE To' provider of that post-retirement income, the Do" House, certainly it is fitting at long last private pension system, is strengthened and (By Don Oberdorfer) that he receive this well-deserved relief and escape from this torrent of verbi­ expanded. ABOUT $584 MILLION TAB The working men and women in America age-he has earned his freedom, believe form the backbone of our nation. They pay According to the Pentagon, the pay, up­ me. the taxes and they keep this country moving. keep and operating costs of U.S. forces in Korea was $584 million in fiscal year 1972, Seriously, I want to take ·this oppor­ We cannot tolerate a system which forgets tunity of commend.ing Frank for his the contribution they have made and which the latest period for which figures are avail­ turns its back on them when the day of able. This is a larger sum than the State years of dedication and wish for him retirement arrives. Department spent for all of its operations the very best of good luck and success I am confident that the wisdom of this throughout the world during the same pe­ in his retirement. committee and the collective energies of riod, more than the total sum spent during the Congress will succeed in providing the year by the federal government for rural American workers with the private pension development in the United States and more LEMOORE CELEBRATES 100TH plan protection they deserve. than the sum spent by the federal govern­ ANNIVERSARY ment for vocational education. In addition to direct military spending, South Korea received $192 million in U.S. economic as- HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM sistance and $155 million in military assist- oF CALIFORNIA ance in the same p~riod-bringing the cost IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE 40,000 AMERICANS- TROOP for the year to nearly $1 billion. LEVEL IN SOUTH KOREA CHAL­ Despite all the recent changes in a swiftly Friday, June 22, 1973 LENGED changing Asian scene and the "Nixon doc- Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, I am trine" of limited American military involve- proud to call to the attention of my col­ ment, there is no sign that the large U.S. constabulary in Korea will soon be substan- leagues the 100th anniversary of Le­ HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN tially reduced or withdrawn. moore, Calif., which is located in my dis- OF CALIFORNIA The principal function of the American trict and is without a doubt one of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES troops here today is to provide a "trip wire" finest communities in California and Friday, June 22, 1973 guaranteeing nearly automatic U.S. military the United States. involvement in any resumption of the war In 100 years, Lemoore has grown from Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, a in Korea. Beyond this function of being im- desolate swampland to a community prominent member of the San Diego mediately engaged and perhaps overrun in community has brought to my attention case of attack from the north, the u.s. forces of splendid beauty matchee only by the are far less important to the actual defense outgoing friendliness of its residents. an article by Washington Post Corre­ of South Korea than is generally supposed. The rich and fertile farmlands have spondent Don Oberdorfer which ap­ The 38th parallel truce line of this often- made the community a major agricul­ peared in the Los Angeles Times. embattled peninsula is the dividing line be- tural center, vital to the California econ­ Mr. Hamilton Marston cites a reported tween the tough, well-trained 400,000-man omy. Serving as the home for the Le-­ outlay of $584 million in 1972; the price armed force of the Democratic People's moore Naval Air Station, the commu- tag for pay, upkeep, and operation of our Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the . tough, well-trained 600,000-man armed force nity plays an important role in proVId­ 40,000-man military force in South of the Republic of Korea (South Korea). At ing critical support functions in the Korea. In addition, some $326 million the demilitarized zone the South Korean Navy's defense and training mission. has been expended over the past 15 years military maintains eight divisions and a Dr. Lee Moore laid out a few lots and by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers­ marine brigade-about 145,000 men. The called his town La Tache in 1872. Short­ this for various military construction United States maintains one reinforced com- ly after Moore's initial development, projects in that Asian country. New bar­ pany-about 200 men. homes and business enterprises were racks are being prepared to last 20 to 30 Tile U.S. ground combat force in South years. Also, the United States has re­ Korea is the 2nd Infantry Division, made up _ constructed, which eventually required cently guaranteed occupancy of high­ of 13,000 Americans plus 2,000 attached the establishment of a post office. In Koreans. Nearly all of them are in reserve 1873, the Post Office Department au­ rise apartments and ranch-style rentals positions north of Seoul. Farther south is a thorized a branch, but under the name, · by military families until 1983. This u.s. Air Force contingent of 8,300 men- Lemoore. Thus, 1973 marks the centen­ seems to suggest continued maintenance about a third the size of the South Korean nial celebration. of present troop strength. air force. Just outside of Seoul is a u.s. head- The early years saw a community grow The contention that our presence pre­ quarters garrison of about 6,000 men, includ- through the efforts of energetic pioneers vents Communist activity in that area ing 11 generals in mostly administrative and support jobs. The u.s. Iogtstica.I command who were responsible for laboriously demands closer scrutiny. It has been said with another 6,100 men ha.s its headquarters digging the canals that transformed that we carry a military burden which still farther south at Taegu. The American swampland into highly pro~uctive farm­ Japan recognizes is necessary, and pro­ "tripwire" is wrapped in a very heavy cover- land. vides a tremendous psychological relief ing of administrative, logistical and other - Today's residents are still energetic to the South Korean Government. This non-comba.t elements. and enthusiastic, undaunted by prob- argument is unconvincing. Were our presence necessary to bolster a weak or lems facing today's communities. They · inferior South Korean army, perhaps TRIBUTE TO FRANK E. BATTAGLIA­ are a dynamic and hard working breed these huge expenditures might be justi­ FAITHFUL SERVANT OF THE HOUSE of individuals, always eager to face the fied. But in fact the Republic of South challenge that confronts them. Korea maintains a highly trained and More recently, they have been asked HON. JOE L. EVINS to absorb the population inftux_of .1'1AS _ well-equipped standing army of 600,000. OF TENNESSEE This is about 200,000 more men than the Lemoore and to find jobs for the farmers total North Korean force. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and farmworkers whose jobs have be- ­ Especially in light of our past tragic Friday, June 22, 1973 come part-time due to mechanization. involvement in Southeast Asia, the de­ They have successfully met these obsta­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, cles, as both the town and base readily sirability of committing ourselves in a Frank E. Battaglia who has served this "trip-wire" fashion is open to challenge. attest to the excellent relationship and body faithfully and ably for 30 years is rapport which exists between the two. A Equally serious--our continued presence retiring from public service. 300-job industry will soon open which in such numbers may hamper progress As the Dean of the Corps of Official will help alleviate unemployment. toward reconciliation of differences be­ Reporters of Debates of the House of The just completed $1,500,000 water tween the two Koreas. Representatives, Mr. Battaglia has project helped attract the new industry I would like to take this opportunity proved himself most helpful to all Mem­ and should assist in bringing additional to thank Mr. Marston for his interest, bers of the House. industry. Residential growth will be pro­ and to draw the attention of my col­ Frank is most personable and genial, vided for, via a $900,000 sewer project. as well a.S a most capable and e:Hicien t I am happy to say that on both counts leagues to a section of Mr. Oberdorfer's public official. article: the Federal Government assisted the As he has devoted 30 years of his life community in realizing these goals. 21040 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 22, 1973 Lemoore is symbolic of the quality of "The total resources in the U.S., alone, are th!l.t would even jar our unbalanced trade excellence found in communities enough to supply all our needs (at present situation, so why not follow the pattern of rate of consumption) for 300 years. British Petroleum, and get control of Ameri­ throughout America. I am proud of my "Present trends indicate mobility to meet can corporations? Look at the hold the Japa­ many friends in Lemoore and honored these needs which are going to be doubled nese are getting in this country with their to represent the community in Califor­ by 1985-a period in which domestic produc­ surplus dollars, and you will get some idea nia's 36th Cong-ressional District. I know tion will decline 30%-in the next 15 years. of what all this multinational, corporate my colleagues joiP me in congratulating By 1975 we wil1 be 50 % below median gas empire-building is going to do to the whole the people of Lemoore on their centen­ needs; imports of crude oil will have to be world. nial celebration and wish them a second quadrupled-which we cannot do." The Japanese made a joking statement century of equal accomplishment. Mr. McLain emphasized that he wants they didn't know whether to buy GM or IBM, private enterprise to be allowed to meet this and the oil producing countries have more crisis, and future needs, and in his final of our dollars than Japan. We have reached statement, he said: a point where even the Swiss bankers are "We have an adequate source base. Our predicting a dollar crisis of unimaginable REALITIES BEHIND THE OIL CRISIS problem is to get new supplies at a faster proportions; so how can we treat.this situa­ rate." tion with anything but the deepest concern? Lowell, perhaps we can clear up what Another factor at least suspected by most HON. WILLIAM H. HARSHA seems to be some .striking contradictions informed people, is the subservience of "Big OF OHIO here, and what bothers me, if we have domes­ Oil" to many governments of countries in tic resources in such quantity, what has which they do business. How can they carry IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES happened to exploration and development, the American Flag anywhere today and do Friday, June 22, 1973 and why are we risking a balance of trade business, or be loyal to any private enter­ crisis in getting imports that could border prise ideals they might hold? The bigger they Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, our Na­ on a monetary disaster? are the greater their involvement in foreign tion today is facing a vitally important LOWELL THOMAS. First of all, Mr. Kunnen, governments, so where does that leave the energy challenge, and if action is not what can we expect in the price of gasoline, United States? taken to check current trends, the this year and next? So why shouldn't this country have been present situation could develop into a Mr. KuNNEN. I can go only by estimates spending the $30 billion a year mentioned by which at the moment run from 4-to-10-cents Mr. McLain, in domestic exploration and de­ genuine energy crisis. a gallon more, but who can really foretell the velopment? He said we are spending only $14 There are many conflicting reports or future in all this energy confusion. I hate to billion; yet, the depletion and special depre­ theories as to what prompted the present say it but I think we will find some planned ciation allowances of the last few years make situation, and there is a wide divergence shortages in this picture to cause a price that figure look like peanut money. Some of of opinion as to the precise extent and increase. the biggest paid-virtually no federal income seriousness of present conditions and as We need to consider that in the State of taxes, so where did the money go? You know to what should be done to resolve the Ohio there are five billion gallons of gas sold where a lot of it went: into mergers with in­ annually by all suppliers. If the state col­ surance companies, opening shopping centers, issue. lects 7 cents a gallon in taxes, and if supplies chains of restaurants and motels; land de­ I recently ran across a very thought­ are reduced, what is the state going to do but velopment; billions into unneeded service provoking interview conducted by Lowell increase the tax to offset the deficit? stations, catalogue businesses, et cetera, et Thomas between Ed Wimmer, president Estimates of 2 cents a gallon have already cetera; but let Mike pursue this thought. of Forward America, Inc., of Covington, been made. Most of the states around us are Mr. KUNNEN. An outstanding study in this Ky., and John "Mike" Kunnen, president already collecting 9 cents a gallon. field was done by Dr. Walter Adams, Michi­ of the Greater Cincinnati Gasoline There also is the problem that if a retaU gan State University, in which he said there Dealers Association, Cincinnati, Ohio, dealer suffers a loss through allocation, his are 25 major oil companies that control 95% which develops one particular point con­ income will be substantially cut, which of all petroleum sales-which companies have means increased prl~ in order to stay in bought up 226 other assorted co;mpanies. This cerned in this total issue of energy avail­ business. money should have gone into exploration and ability, and I would like to share this with LOWELL THOMAS. True, but, Mike, what development, so what happens? ... To help my colleagues: happens if consumers start boycotting gasO­ meet the crisis, the President lifts the oil im­ REALITIES BEHIND THE OIL C.RISIS line dealers as they did with meat, and drive port quotas which didn't do anything because (Interview with Ed Wimmer-Mike Kunnen) less? the facilities are not available to process any Mr. KuNNEN. Our fears are that boycotts flood of imports. Instead, we should be creat­ ED WIMMER. Thank you, Lowell Thomas, will do with gasoline what meat boycotts did ing facilities to meet such a situation. for that fine introduction, and I hope I can to the weaker dealers and already distressed This may sol.md like I am anti-oil industry. do as well in introducing the man sitting smaller suppliers. They will hit the canvas, I'm not, but no one can tell me that an in­ across from me at my desk at Forward Amer­ which we have seen on a wide scale in gaso­ dustry as powerful and as integrated as pe­ ica, Inc., here in Covington (Ky.): Mr. John line even without boycotts or shortages. Most troleum could not have foreseen exactly what (Mike) Kunnen, President of the Greater big suppliers created their own price-cutting is happening, and what could happen to the Cincinnati Gasoline Dealers Assn., who is as outlets, and these people are suffering wide­ motoring publie in this decade. It all points familiar with the gasoline business as the spread cut-offs and closings. to a. man-made crisis. Listen to the oil indus­ "experts" who have been .making the head­ LoWELL THOMAS. What is your answer, try as they shout fuel crisis, so everybody lines. Mike, to the charge that some of the majors with the news media estimates gasoline prices Mike is not only a dealer himself, but he in the oil Industry are using this situation to up to $1 a gallon. Suppose it goes to 50c-a has been a student of the _petroleum industry put the independents out of business? 7c increase, but multiply that by billions of for 29 years, and his appearances before Mr. KuNNEN. No one in this industry wants gallons of gasoline, and what do you come up investigative committees has brought com­ to believe such charges, but we all know, and with? You come up with consumers scream­ mendation from government officials that is Congress knows, that this sort of thing goes ing and independents going broke, and the enjoyed by few people. We, in all these years on. But I see the picture in a broader light; "bigs" getting richer and bigger. What we are at Forward America, could count on him in the Alaskan .Pipeline controversy, for exam­ going to see is an investigation of the oil in­ any attempt to eliminate trading stamps and ple; the recent cut in the depletion allow­ dustry that wlll blow the lid sky high. other abuses in the oil industry, and espe­ ance; the change in import quotas-are all ED WIMMER. I am glad you mentioned cially those affecting the independent gaso­ factors needing more exploration. Crude oil Dr. Adams. He has been a longtime friend of line dealer. from Venezuela cost us 10c a barrel 10 years mine, and is one of the strongest advocates of Before turning you over to Mike,, however, ago. It is now headed for $3 a barrel, which decentralization and protection of independ­ I want to lay some groundwork by quoting is only one warning that we've got to speed ent enterprise we have in this country. a few rather sensational remarks by John up exploration in this country. Mike, we ought to bring out at this point McLain, Chairman, Continental Oil Co., from LOWELL THOMAS. Ed, you have been talk- that all we have is one month's supply of statements he made in Sepetmber 1972. . ing about the effects of devaluation, in your petroleum needs. This seems critically low to Listen please: broadcasts, and the dollars piling up in the me, and 1 repeat: Where were the oil experts "There are enough potentially recover­ hands of oil exporting ·countries. How do you and government officials while all these con­ able oil reserves in the U.S. to last for 65 view this situation? ditions were building up? Where were their years.... Potentially recoverable gas reserves ED WIMMER. According to the exporters, de­ million-dollar computers? Why no prepara­ in the U.S. to last 50 years-at present rate valuation has cost them an 11 % loss, and tion, no alarm, five years ago? of consumption. · they claim they are asking for only 50 % of Answers will have to be found soon, and "Measured coal reserves, 300 years. Uranium the loss. What seems to worry a lot of Con­ they won't come from any attacks oriented reserves sufficient for electric power needs gressmen at the moment, are the billions against big business. We already know that for 25 years. Recoverable shale oil reserves of so-called floating dollars they hold which monopoly exists, and we should have had a (and here is something to think about) suffi­ they get rid of by increasing theb: already second Standard Oil-type breakup a ·long cient to last 35 years after all other natural tremendous holdings in this country. ·time ago. This challenge will have to be reserves are exhausted--,-at present rate of Population in most oil producing countries faced. There is a lot of sentiment- against consumption. is too small to absorb our goods in amounts bigness per se in this country, and if we June 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF _REMARKS 21041 don't watch ourselves, the demand for pub­ follow the libretto very well. In the first political decisions, Congress and the courts lic controls wlll spread until the whole struc­ part of the year consumer prices climbed need to reexamine tax laws and rules that ture of private enterprise could suffer irrep­ allegro. The conductor has been signaling apply so unequally to business organizations arable damage. seeking to further their self interests and Where the problem comes in, is how do diminuendo with his baton. But the to groups seeking to further social interests. you talk about the evils of monopoly power, horns and the percussion in our economic which exist in every industry, in agriculture, orchestra fails to respond. Instead, prices banking, labor unions-without appearing continue to build toward crescendo. to be anti-bigness? And the administration's optimism, JEFFERSON'S SECOND COMING LOWELL THOMAS. Mr. Kunnen, hOW WOUld oft-repeated, draws out into a perilously a 10% cut in supplies across the board affect thin tremolo. the independent dealer? The May consumer price index is news Mr. KuNNEN. There is a failure rate right HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH now in our retail business of 35%. That that Mr. Stein should have given us sotto OF NEW JERSEY should answer your question; and look at the voce-instead of displaying his familiar IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES staggering unmber of terminal operators and baritone. jobbers who have gone down in the last few I look forward to the climax of this Friday, June 22, 1973 months. - particular opera with considerable ap­ . Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, among the: ED WIMMER. I can certainly attest to that, prehension. The administration's new' many highly promising young residents Mike, because Forward America, like your economic policy may turn out to be a Association, gets its revenue from independ­ of the 11th Congressional District of New ents, and, believe me, the people battling for crashing Gotterdammerung. Jersey is Robert M. Hanselman, of the the smalls these days, are in trouble-just West Essex High School, West Caldwell. when they are needed the most. We saw this His editorial in the school newspaper, the process in the fall-out of the wildcatters SILENCING THE CRITICS Wire, recently · won third prize in the these past several years, who were once the 1976 studies editorial contest for second­ backbone of the discovery of petroleum, gas ary school student newspapers. The 1976 and other hidden resources. Consider what HON. DONALD M. FRASER happened when Standard Oil was broken up studies program is a 4-year series of in 1911. Over 2500 new companies sprung up OF MINNESOTA seminars and symposia exploring the out of nowhere, and wildcatters were like IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "self-evident truths" of the Declaration gophers. Imagine the competition that would Friday, June 22, 1973 of Independence and their application to exist if that situation existed today. modern America. Biggest need of the hour is all-out decen­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the balance Because it is deserving of our col­ tralization of economic and political power between corporate interests and public leagues' attention, I would like, a;t this· whether we are talking about food, clothing, interests has become a question of in­ point, to insert Mr. Hanselman's per­ energy, labor, government, or any other area creasing concern. Citizens who attempt of the body economic and body politic; and ceptive editorial in the RECORD: if it doesn't come, there will be another 'wa­ to act on issues of social concern often JEFFERSON'S SECOND COMING tergate' in this country that wlll drown find themselves pitted against the enor­ · Preparations are already underway for the whatever hopes we have of celebrating a mous power and resources of big business. celebration in 1976 of the 200th ant;1iversary Republic on July 4, 1976. . The following editorial from the June of our independence. One wonders what Mr. KUNNEN. I say restore the depletion· 19, 1973, New York Times presents some Jefferson would think if he were able to see cut and· confine it to exploration and devel­ provocative insights into the constitu­ the product that traces its origin to his po­ opment, and increase it if necessary. This tionality of existing Federal tax laws litical and philosophical beliefs? will tur;n the wildcatters loose, and you will and rules as they affect public-in­ Jefferson's practical side would undoubt­ increase incentive and build up domestic ms edly marvel at our advanced technology. resources-which would keep foreign imports terest groups: After all,.he was the gadgeteer who invented· at reasonable price levels and protect our SILENCING THE CRITICS · such things as the spiral staircase and the : balance of payments. Since 1974 the so-Ca.lled · The Center .on Corporate Responsibility, dumbwaiter. One can easily imagine his de­ wlldcatter has gone down more than 50% a small public-interest group that conducts light with an automobile. His knowledge of in number, and we ought to learn the reasons research and litigation to improve business mathematics and his love of science would why. behavior in such areas as environmental pro­ prompt from him ecstatic commendations for Instead, we get such silly proposals as re­ tection, minority hiring and product safety, the development of the computer and space ducing speeds to 50 m.p.h. whi~h would is struggling for its life against the Internal travel. If he could see our libraries, univer­ create traffic jams on super-highways that Revenue Service. The I.R.S. has denied the sities, and museums (after his founding of would burn twice what could be saved. We group tax-exempt status which will cut it the University of Virginia) he would bestow need to expedite traffic, unless we take half off from the support of tax exempt founda­ upon us his most erudite blessing. And to the cars off the expressways, not jam it. tions and reduce the contributions it can Jefferson, the student of the violin, our pres­ hope to raise from individuals. ent-day stereophonic music would certainly - · The main reason given by the I.R.S. for be enthralling. RISING PRICES, MAESTRO STEIN, this action is that the center has many of The grain fields of our midwest would AND AN UNCOMIC OPERA the same directors as the Project on Corpo­ amaze this man. He would take pleasure in rate Responsibility, an action-oriented group chatting with a farmer about the produce that wages proxy contests over corporate di­ and productivity of his land. There is no rectors and campaigns for changes in com­ questio;n that Jefferson would find much to HON. JOHN BRADEMAS pany policies at meetings of shareholders­ his liking in America today. OF INDIANA activities that disqualify it from tax-exempt But, what would he say·about the horror IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES status. of traffic-choked New York or Los Angeles, This I.R.S. ruling against the center could the stagnant and polluted rivers we have Friday, June 22, 1973 be used to weaken or destroy many other come to know today, and the foul and im­ Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, the tax-exempt organizations that have been pure air of our larger cities? Would the Po­ associated with groups that have given up tomac River bring forth his ardor or his jumps in the consumer price index this their tax-exempt status .so that they could anguish? Would he be pleased at the status year have been dramatic. None of us has lobby or otherwise engage in direct efforts t>f black Americans? How would he react to doubted that. But I did not think that to support social aims. In contrast, business Wounded Knee? Or the plight of the mi­ they would move the Chairman of the organizations are permitted to treat their grant farm worker in the South? Council of Economic Advisers, Herbert proxy fights as tax-deductible business ex­ Would he wonder about the poverty of Stein, to set the statistics to music. enormous outlays on lobbying or on waging many in the midst of plenty? Would he be Yet, yesterday, as the Labor Depart­ penses. distressed by the drug culture? What words ment announced yet another increase in This situation raises questions about not would he use to describe the assassinations ality of existing Federal tax and I.R.S. rules of the Kennedys and Martin Luther King? the prices people pay for food and other in denying citizens equal protection under Would he support Nixon's rejuvenated death nJcessities, Maestro Stein likened the law. Tax regulations may also be uncon­ penalty; applaud his "peace with honor" freeze to an overture. It is an overture, stitutional in interfering . with the freedom in Vietnam; or endorse his impounding of he said, "necessary to create the atmos­ of: speech of charitable, religious, educational federal funds? How would he assess Spiro phere for tli.e opera that follows." and public-interest groups. Agnew's many speeches concerning civil lib­ Then ~e went on to explain that the ·American tax and corporation laws have erties and the position of freedom of the opera is phase IV-just in case we missed in fact created a dangerous imbalance be­ press in our society today? tween corporate and public interests. In the There is much pain in the land of Jeffer­ the metaphor. harsh light that Watergate has shed upon son. In 1776, when he wrote "that to secure Well, we get it, Mr. Stein. We are aU the way special interests are able to influence these rights governments are instituted too familiar with the scenario. We can · only the fairness but the very constitution- among men," he unmistakedly had a strong 21042 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 22, 1973 faith in people because he went on to say discovers that no one of these disciplines values that prescribe the individual's ex­ that those governments derive "their Just really has anything approaching a compre­ pected patterns of conduct no matter how powers from the consent of the governed." hensive understanding of the aging process. well his brain functions? To such questions Did Jefferson place too much trust in the Is there a "normal" biological process as­ very few persons have paid attention. elected or in the electorate? Almost two sociated with aging, or is it disease-like and This past semester we conducted a gradu­ hundred years ago, he also said that "the idiosyncratic in character? As an even larger ate seminar, entitled "Theories of Aging", in whole of government consists in the art of proportion of our people grow older, what which 12 faculty members presented their being honest." What might he say in 1973 on economic, social and political adjustments ideas to a group of students representing the Watergate affair? will have to be made to account for their several different disciplines. Although much We ought to prepare now for the second needs? What must be done in our society to was learned, we soon discovered that before coming of Jefferson. Not with plans to sell make the advanced years a time of dignity, we could successfully conduct much collabor­ souvenirs, trinkets, hot dogs and hoopla, but grace and learning? ative research, we would have to learn each with a national reaffirmation of our faith in It is not enough to say that remedial pro­ other's language, and, begin developing some each other as fellow citizens and as fellow grams should be implemented-we all agree expanded, yet common, frames of reference. human beings. Let us rededicate ourselves with that-but we must also seek a greatly More effort and time, not less, will prob­ to those ideals with which Jefferson is iden­ expanded base of knowledge upon which ably have to be added to the 9 or 10 years tified. "All men are created equal," he wrote sensible solutions can be sought. We cannot of university preparation that go already into long ago. Let us strive to remember that still. simply be concerned with physical, but with the production of a Ph.D. scientist. social and spiritual needs as well. Yet, it we Perhaps you would enjoy a little side trip have little knowledge to begin with, we have into the scientific jargon of different dis­ REMARKS OF DR. LAMAR EMPEY ON too few guidelines upon which to proceed. ciplines so that you might share with us RESEARCH AT THE ETHEL PERCY In viewing the ill-conceived social pro­ some of the problems we face. Just for fun, ANDRUS GERONTOLOGY CENTER, grams that are commonly implemented-not I took some titles from three doctoral dis­ just in the field of aging, but in the fields of sertations and tried a rough translwtion of UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS crime, health care or poverty-! am often them. I trust that the investigators in ques­ ANGELES, FEBRUARY 13, 1973 reminded of Victor Borge's famous boast tion will not mind a little levity at their ex­ about one of his relatives. "You know," he pense. said, "my uncle was a famous chemist. Once Here iA the scientific title from one of HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN he invented a cure for which there was no · our physiologists: OF FLORIDA disease. Unfortunately, his wife caught the "An Electromyog:raphic Analysis of Skele­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cure and died." Like Victor's uncle, we often tal Neuromuscular Fatigue with Special Re­ find ourselves not only inventing cures for ferent to Age." Friday, June 22, 1973 which there is no disease, but which make Roughly speaking, this investigator was Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker on April the disease, itself, worse. . asking, "Why do older men get tired?" Some 14, I joined my colleagues on the Select Since, as a result, we at the Andrus Cen­ of you fellows may have a ready answer, but ter are terribly concerned about the "cures" just to indicate that one cannot oversimplify Subcommittee on Education, the gentle­ we invent, we have atte.mpted to address that question, "getting tired" was defined by man from Indiana decades and the ally inadvertently repeated through the only between the young and the society at old are being recognized as being younger in mass media came' from the persons. who large but also between the old and society at body, mind and spirit than in earlier decades. June 22, 1973 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21045

A FUNDAMENTAL QUESTION would be iilflated by another $1 billion creases. Rules for allowable price increases after the current two-month freeze are still I want to ask one final question, and that from the new wage incerases. The amount of additional revenue to being formulated. is this. One of the ways in which all of us in Negotiators for three unions gave full ap­ this room have been fighting for an end to be derived from the planned postage tax proval to yesterday's settlement: the Ameri­ discrimination to older people, and what increase would just about equal the new can Postal Workers Union (312,000 mem­ today I have been talking about as agism, pay demands. bers), the National Association of Letter Car­ is by creating advocacy groups of old people If the past is any teacher, the postal riers (195,000), and the National Rural Letter and for old people. One of the ways in which patron cannot expect to receive even 2 Carriers Association (31,000). old people have, as it were, entered the The fourth union in the negotiations, the strugg'le against discrimination is by orga­ cents worth of additional service from the 2 cents a letter postage hike. Mail Handlers Division of the Laborers Inter­ nizing, AARP is one and a very powerful one national Union (48,000 members) also ap­ such organization. I include the following related news­ proved the wage and fringe benefit package I would like to raise a question, however, clipping: but is still seeking work rule changes. in the following sense. If we were to reduce [From the Washington Post, June 22, 1973] Rank and file members of all the unions agism, let us remember it must work in both must vote to ratify the contract before it is directions. For the young as well as for the POSTAL RAISES MAY SEND COST OF STAMP TO 10 CENTS effective, but union leaders said they are con­ old. This will not be easy. For those young fident it would be ratified. people who would wish it, shall we help them (By Lawrence Feinberg) to live without work? Shall we encourage, let The U.S. Postal Service agreed yesterday us say, those communes for young people to grant substantial wage increases, costing like retirement communities for old people an estimated $1 billion a year, that officials where people will work-not for remunera­ said could lead to a boost in the price of first DETAILS OF THE LAWSUIT FOR A tion or productivity in the sense of the Prot­ class mail to 10 cents a stamp by January. NUCLEAR POWER MORATORIUM estant ethnic but for the spontaneous cre­ The wage increases, agreed to in negotia­ ativity and for self-fulfillment? Or shall we tions with four postal unions, include a $700- live in a society where we maintain the a-year across-the-board raise, starting July value that only those who have worked for 21, plus a $400 raise one year later. it first can later enjoy the benefits of leisure. Annual wages for the 600,000 postal work­ HON. MIKE GRAVEL In objecting to agism and seeking to re­ ers affected, including 12,000 in the Washing­ OF ALASKA duce this discrimination, might it also be ton area, now average about $10,000, mak­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES paradoxically that some of the advocacy ing the average wage increase 11 per cent Friday, June 22, 1973 groups now constituted of older people, or over the two-year contract period. for older people, might unwittingly them­ In addition, the agreement calls for auto­ Mr. GRAVEL. Mr. President, a suit to selves add to agism. Or is age separatism a matic cost-of-living increases every six shut down 20 of the country's 31 operat­ necessary stage in winning full equality? Per­ months, amounting to a $50-a-year raise for ing atomic powerplants was filed on May haps it is a necessary stage in the 1970's but each 1 per cent increase in the consumer hopefully not by the 1990's. price index with no upper limit. 31, 1973, by Ralph Nader and Friends of These are not easy questions and I do not It also raises the Postal Service share of the Earth. The 11 plants not covered by know the a.nswers anymore than anyone health insurance costs to 65 per cent by July, the suit are either relatively small-less else in this room but I think we should 1974. Currently, the Postal Service pays 40 than 400 electrical megawatts-or are ponder such questions as we look ahead to per cent of average insurance costs, the same already in similar litigation. the future of aging and to the status of the share that the federal government pays for On June 11, according to the Associ­ aged in the year 2000, and to the hope of regular civil servants. ated Press, AEC Chairman Dixie Lee Ray achieving then-if not now-an age irrele­ "These are the best wages and fringe bene­ vant society. fits we've ever had," said James H. Rade­ told the American Nuclear Society that macher, president of the National Associa­ "the Nation can survive" the closing nf tion of Letter Carriers, "and it (the agree­ the plants since only 4 percent of the ment) also has the job security we need." country's total electricity is produced by POSTAL SERVICE PLANS INCREASES Rademacher and other union leaders, who nuclear powerplants. She also said that IN EVERYTHING BUT SERVICE disclosed the contract terms, said the Postal the AEC would appeal immediately if the Service had dropped its demand to rescind a. U.S. District Court for the District of no-layoff clause, which will continue to for­ Columbia grants an injunction closing HON. JOHN R. RARICK bid the firing of any postal worker for econ­ omy reasons. down the plants. Oral arguments on the OF LOUISIANA A Postal Service spokesman refused to dis­ petition for a preliminary injunction IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cuss specific contract terms, but he estimated have been scheduled for June 28, 1973. Friday, June 22, 1973 that the settlement would add about $1 bil­ EXCERPTS FROM THE COMPLAINT AS FILED lion to the Service's $10 billion annual costs. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the postal The spokesman also read a. statement The Weekly Energy Report of June 4 hike presently being threatened by the made earlier in the week by Postmaster Gen­ reported as follows: U.S. Postal Service would increase first eral Elmer T. Klassen that "in all likelihood" Lawyers for affected nuclear vendors and utilities were trying to decide by week's end class mail rates to 10 cents per letter, he would seek to cover rising wages by ask­ ing the Postal Rate Commission in Septem­ whether they should intervene in the suit. without the slightest indication of a pos­ ber for a. 2-cent increase of the present s­ In general, they were skeptical about its sible improvement i:n mail service. cent cost of a first-class stamp, effective next chances of success. They said that the courts In a recent newsmagazine interview, January. had a history of not wishing to make tech­ the Postmaster General Elmer T. Klas­ Workers covered in the union agreements nical judgments, and not wishing to inter­ sen, expresses concern over whether air include letter carriers, mail sorters, clerks fere in agency rulemaking procedure. mail service can even be continued. Citi­ and other craft employees. zen impatience with the flagging per­ In addition, the Postal· Service has about On the other hand, paragraph No. 37 91,000 supervisors and postmasters, whom of the Nader-Friends of the Earth com­ formance by the Postal Service's han­ Klassen has promised will receive the same dling of the mails has increased substan­ raises as union workers. plaint states explicitly as follows: tially, despite Mr. Klassen's remarkable Yesterday's agreement was hailed by Plaintiffs do not seek to have this Court pronouncement that service today "is as Francis Filbey, president of the American adjudicate the underlying technical issues good or better than it's been in recent Postal Workers Union, as "an excellent con­ governing Emergency Core Cooling System history." tract that compares favorably with anything effectiveness. Rather, plaintiffs seek to have He pointed out that even though postal that's been negotiated in the past two years this Court declare as illegal defendants' con­ workers has gotten substantial raises in in the private sector (since wage and price tinuing to permit the operation of the nu­ controls were first imposed)." pay over the past 2 years, a new 11 per­ clear power plants which are the subject of "With the no-layoff clause," he added, "it's this Complaint under circumstances in cent across-the-board wage hike for better than anything in the private sector." postal employees is scheduled for July which, as a matter of law, such action is Postal wage and rate increases, like other unlawful. 21. A reported total of some 600,000 wage and price changes, may be trimmed by workers, already averaging about $10,000 the Cost of Living Council. Its guidelines for Mr. President, because this is an im­ annual income, would be boosted to annual wage increases now call for a 5.5 per portant lawsuit which should be under­ cent ceiling, plus 7/10 of 1 percent for fringe $11,000 over the next 2 years, with addi­ benefits. stood by every Member of ·congress, I ask tional automatic cost-of-living increases Yesterday a Council spokesman emphasized unanimous consent that major excerpts thrown in. that the wage guidelines are :flexible, and said from the complaint as filed be printed The $10 billion taxpayer subsidized it is "much too soon to tell" what action the at the end of these remarks, as well as operating costs of the Postal Service Council might take on the postal workers in- a table prepared by Friends of the Earth. 21046 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 22, 1973 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without torium won in court has little chance of a nuclear power plant, the defendant Com­ objection, it is so ordered. survival if . Congress is determined to mission_ ~ust find . that _the plant has been constructed and will op~rate in accordance

EXHIBIT 2

TABLE.- NUCLEAR REACTORS NAMED IN SUIT BY FRIENDS OF THE EARTH AND RALPH NADER

Reactor shutdowns Percent in 1972 Percent Rated capacity Actual1972 plant capacity performance performance 2d 3d avail ability Unit name Location License date (in MWe) in 1972 (in MWe) quarter quarter in 1972

1. San Onofre- !______: San Clemente, CaliL ______Mar. 27, 1967 430 74.5 320 X X 77.4 2. Haddam Neck ______Haddam Neck, Conn ______June 30, 1967 575 85.9 494 X X 87.7 640 80.0 512 X X 81.3 625 60. 5 378 g:5. Ginna -L ______Ontario, N.Y ______Sept.l9, 1969 X ------70.2 2r~;eM~~e~~iJt:_i~======lg:n:'a~~.V~ ~--~ ======~~~- 2~: ~~~ 420 64.1 269 X 69. 1 6. Dresden - 2------Morris, IlL ______Dec. 22, 1969 • 809 47.4 393 X -·------59.8 7. Robinson- 2------Hartsville, S.C ______July 31 , 1970 700 80.4 563 X ------85. 2 8. Monticello ______Monticello, Minn ______Sept. 8, 1970 545 74. 5 -x·------79.4 9. Point Beach- !______Two Creeks, Wis ______Oct. 5, 1970 405 ------497 69.4 345 ------72.5 10. Millstone Point- L .------Waterford, Conn ______Oct. 7,1970 652 54.9 358 ------X 59.9 11. Dresden- 3 •• ------Morris, IlL ______Jan. 12, 1971 809 72.8 589 85.0 12. Surry- L ______Gravel Neck, Va ______May 25, 1972 X ----·------788 47.3 373 ------24. 1 13. Turkey Point- 3------Turkey Point, Fla. ______July 19,1972 693 7. 6 57 27. 5 14. Maine Yankee ______Wiscasset, Maine ______Sept.19, 1972 790 74. 8 591 100.0 15. Palisades ______South Haven, Mich ______Oct. 16,1972 700 57.0 399 X X 57. 0 800 64.0 512 ------X 69. 6 800 39.4 315 ------X 55.0 788 (1) (1) ------11: fg~j;~l~~= =:===:=:::::====:::::=-;~m~tt:~i:=::=::::: =::=::====~: ~ :~ i~~= ·~~ ;~;l - 841 (2) (2) ------20. Turkey Point-4 ______Turkey Point, Fla ______Apr. 11,1973 ------693 (3) ------(3) ------

TotaL ______------13, 595 ------6, 873 ------

Key: . Notes: The capacity performance in 1972 is a function of the demand made on a nuclear power­ Rated capacity: Design output of the nuclear powerplant. . . plant during the time it was available-when accidents, repairs, refueling, service or AEC orders Percent capacity performance: 1972 output as a percentage of opt1mum destgned output. did not halt electrical generation. There is no guarantee that these plants will be operating during Actual ·performance: Actual output converted to MWe (rated capacity times percent capacity times of peak load. All but one of the plants shut down sometime during the times when peak­ output). load was most likely to occur last year. There is no data yet for the three newest plants. Maine Reactor shutdowns: X means the plant shutdown in that quarter; - means the plant was Yankee is restricted to run at 75 percent capacity. 3 other plants-Vermont Yankee, Point Beach- 2, not operating then. and Pilgrim- t-are not named in this suit because they are the objects of individual suits of a Percent plant availability: Percent of the year that the plant was able to produce power. similar nature. It is interesting to note that the actual 1972 power performance by the 20 plants Plants started in 1972 are rated from the date of 1st electrical generation. listed in the suit was not much greater. than the 6,100 electrical megawatts needed now by the 1 Not applicable. May operate at 92 percent capacity. AEC's three uranium-enrichment plants to make nuclear fuel. · 2 Not applicable. May operate at 5 percent capacity. o Not applicable. May operate at 93 percent capacity. Source of data : 1972 AEC Annual Report to Congress and AEC publication WASH- 1203 74.

TEXANS AND THE METRIC SYSTEM Teague (6th Congressional District) J. J. Pickle. Bills promoted by both Texans have (Jake) Pickle (lOth District and Dale Mil­ conversion to the metric system within ten ford (24th District), are members of the years as a goal, but the rigor of implementa­ HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE Science and Astronautics Committee, which tion sought by the bills differs somewhat. OF TEXAS handles all legislation concerning national One Pickle bill calls for the establishment of scientific research and development, scien­ a nine-member U.S. Metric Conversion Co­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tific scholarships, the National Science Foun­ ordinating Commission . and declares that Friday, June 22, 1973 dation, NASA, the National Bureau of Stand­ after ten years the international metric sys­ ards, and all matters relating to outer space tem will be the sole official measuring sys­ Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, or to astronautical research and development. tem of this country. The key bill introduced today all of the major countries of the It was the National Bureau of Standards by Congressman Teague also calls for a world except the United States have of­ that recently published the U.S. Metric changeover through a national plan but sets ficially adopted the metric system of Study, a three-year in-depth survey of the as a goal to make the metric system only as measures or are in the process of conver­ metric system and its potential impact on predominant as possible in the ten-year time the United States. Legislation being consid­ span. The Teague bill resembles the legisla­ sion to it. The enclosed article by J. ered by the committee is largely based on the tion considered by the Senate Commerce Bryan Adair, entitled "Texans and the findings of that study. In fact, during the Committee. Metric System," appearing in a recent second session of the 92nd Congress, the Neither bill would outlaw use of the cus­ issue of the Texas Business Review is Senate passed a measure-by unanimous tomary standards and measurements with not only an excellent article on the vote and with no debate-that would make which Americans are familiar. Both bills call metric system's history and background metric measurements mandatory within the for a voluntary changeover, so do most of but it also shows how the advantages of federal government in ten years and would the other nine bills introduced. conversion 'can benefit the economy of encourage voluntary conversion . throughout The metric system of measurement, offi­ an individual State. the country during the same time span. How~ cially known as Systeme International d' ever, the action came late in the ses­ Unites and commonly abbreviated SI, has I am pleased to place this interesting sion and the House never brought the legis­ and informative article in the RECORD six base measurement units: the unit of lation to· a vote. Another bill has been intro­ length is the meter; the unit of mass Is the and recommend it to my colleagues? duced into the Senate this year and is being kilogram; the unit of time is the second; the TEXANS AND THE METRIC SYSTEM considered by the Commerce Committee. unit of electrical current is the ampere; the (By J. Bryan Adair) Eleven bills dealing with metrication were unit of temperature is the kelvin; and the Texans, through three of their congress­ introduced in the House between January 3 unit of luminous intensity is the candela, men, may sign1ftcantly influence the proba­ and March 23, 1973, Four of those bills were or ca~dle. All other ·Units of measurement, ble upcoming conversion to the metric sys­ coauthored by Texas congressmen, two by su,ch as speed and volume, are defined in tem of measurement in the United States. Congressman Teague (who is chairman of terms of the six base units. This measure­ Three representatives from Texas, Olin E. the committee) and two by Congressman ment system l:lad its beginnings in France, June 22, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 21049 where it was conceived in 1670 by an abb6, inate the need for inefficiencies involved in ESTIMATED COSTS OF METRICATION Gabriel Mouton. conversion of one measuring system to an­ TO TEXAS INDUSTRIES France, however, did not adopt the sys­ other as a matter of routine operation. tem until the French Revolution period of From the point of view of the consumer Estimated t he 1790s. During the following century, metrication has several advantages. Prices conversion about 80 percent of the countries of the of items sold by volume, weight, or count cost world adopted the metric system, leaving the are easier to compare if the monetary and Industry SIC groups (millions) United States and the British Common­ measurement systems both have the same wealth countries the primary holdouts. That decimal unit base. Further, after SI has be­ situation has changed radically in the past come accepted throughout American business ~~~ii~~~~~e!~~~~s_t~~~~s-h-~r~~ ~~~~ ~~~~=~~gg ~~ few years, particularly with Great Britain's and government institutions, savings result­ Construction ______1500- 1700 7 Ordnance (included with SIC decision to adopt SI in 1965. Today all of ing from increased efficiencies should pass on 3500) ______------1900 the major countries of the world except the to the consumer-taxpayer. 2000 1 United States have officially aopted SI or An established trend toward conversion to are in the process of conversion to it. As the metric measurements has been apparent in if~~7:nJ~li~~:reia~~i; ::~~= -i~gg ~~ Machinery (except electrical), international community moves toward this the United States for some years. Notable ordnance ______3500, 1900 70 common language of standards and measure­ conversions have occurred in activities and Electrical machinery______3600 17 ments, the United States remains the only disciplines that are more or less self-con­ Transportation equipmenL ____ 3700 47 English-speaking nation not officially com­ tained. The pharmaceutical industry has dis­ Instruments______3800 14 mitted to a given system of measurement. carded it s traditional drams, grains, and - ~j~~~~~~~~rosn~_a_n_u!~~~~~~~=== 40ooJ~~~ ~ There is little question that adoption of minims in favor of milligrams, grams, and Communication ______4800 2 the metric system would enhance our posi­ milliliters. Carpera equipment is designed tion in world trade markets. The export of with metric dimensions for compatib111ty 3g W~'~l~~~~eRetail trade_- ira