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Water Chemistry Trend Monitoring Program Report 2005-2009

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Water Chemistry Trend Monitoring Program Report 2005-2009 MI/DEQ/WRD-13/005 Revised February 22, 2013 MICHIGAN’S WATER CHEMISTRY MONITORING PROGRAM A REPORT OF STATEWIDE SPATIAL PATTERNS 2005-2009 AND FIXED STATION STATUS AND TRENDS 1998-2008 WATER CHEMISTRY MONITORING PROGRAM SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT SECTION WATER RESOURCES DIVISION FEBRUARY 2013 Preface The 1997 Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) report, “A Strategic Environmental Quality Monitoring Program for Michigan’s Surface Waters,” (Strategy) identified four major goals of the Water Resources Division and listed individual objectives within each of the Water Resources Division Programs (MDEQ, 1997). The Strategy was written at a time when resource constraints had forced funding and staffing for water quality programs to decrease considerably. A Strategy Update was written in 2005 after those resource constraints were alleviated with annual appropriations of Clean Michigan Initiative funds, allowing the Strategy to be fully implemented (Kohlhepp, 2005). The Strategy has four major goals: 1. Assess the current status and condition of waters of the state and determine whether water quality standards are being met. 2. Measure spatial and temporal water quality trends. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of water quality prevention and protection programs. 4. Identify new and emerging water quality problems. Within each goal are specific objectives that are reached through Water Resources Division monitoring activities, including the Water Chemistry Monitoring Program. The primary objectives of the Water Chemistry Monitoring Program are to: (1) identify the chemical character of surface waters of the state and relate characteristics to Michigan’s Part 4 rules, Water Quality Standards, when applicable; and (2) determine whether the chemical character of surface waters of the state are changing over time. Previously published Water Chemistry Monitoring Program reports, including tributary monitoring reports, Saginaw and Grand Traverse Bay monitoring reports, and Great Lakes Connecting Channel monitoring reports, are available upon request from the MDEQ, Water Resources Division, or on the MDEQ Web page at http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,4561,7-135- 3313_3686_3728-32361--,00.html (September 24, 2012). Quality assured data are available online through the MDEQ database, “Surface Water Information Management System,” at http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/ miswims/ (September 17, 2012). These data are also available online in the federal Storage and Retrieval system at http://www.epa.gov/storet (September 24, 2012). The Water Resources Division would like to acknowledge and thank the partners who support the Water Chemistry Monitoring Program. To date, these include the United States Environmental Protection Agency; the United States Geological Survey; MDEQ, Environmental Science and Services Division, Laboratory Section; the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene; and the Great Lakes Environmental Center. Special thanks to Seth Wright, Great Lakes Environmental Center, for his ArcGIS ® assistance. Several figures in this report were created using ArcGIS® software by Esri. ArcGIS® and ArcMap™ are the intellectual property of Esri and are used herein under license. Copyright © Esri. All rights reserved. For more information about Esri software, please visit www.esri.com. In addition, several graphs in this report were created using Minitab 15.1.1.0. Software. © 2007 Minitab Inc. All rights reserved. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Section 1. PROBABILISTIC MONITORING: STATEWIDE SPATIAL PATTERNS ........ 2 1.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Methods .............................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1. Site Selection and Study Design ................................................................. 2 1.2.2. Analytes, Sampling Methods, and Analytical Methods ................................ 2 1.2.3. Water Quality Standards ............................................................................. 4 1.2.4. Regional Analysis ........................................................................................ 4 1.2.5. Statistical Measures .................................................................................... 5 1.2.6. Mapping Tools ............................................................................................. 6 1.3. Results and Discussion ...................................................................................... 6 1.3.1. Total Phosphorus ........................................................................................ 6 1.3.2. Hardness and Conductivity ......................................................................... 7 1.3.3. Dissolved Organic Carbon .......................................................................... 8 1.3.4. Chlorides ..................................................................................................... 9 1.3.5. Mercury ..................................................................................................... 10 Section 2. TRIBUTARY MONITORING: STATUS AND TRENDS .............................. 12 2.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 12 2.2. Methods ............................................................................................................ 12 2.2.1. Site Selection ............................................................................................ 12 2.2.2. Study Design ............................................................................................. 13 2.2.3. Analytes, Sampling Methods, and Analytical Methods .............................. 15 2.2.4. Water Quality Standards ........................................................................... 16 2.2.5. Regional Analysis ...................................................................................... 16 2.2.6. Loading Rate Estimates ............................................................................ 17 2.2.7. Statistics .................................................................................................... 17 2.2.8. Quality Assurance ..................................................................................... 18 2.2.9. Historical Parameters ................................................................................ 18 2.3. Results and Discussion .................................................................................... 19 2.3.1. Nutrients .................................................................................................... 19 2.3.2. Conventional Pollutants ............................................................................. 25 2.3.3. Trace Metals .............................................................................................. 36 Section 3. BAY MONITORING: STATUS AND TRENDS ........................................... 47 3.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 47 3.2. Methods ............................................................................................................ 47 3.2.1. Site Selection and Study Design ............................................................... 47 3.2.2. Analytes, Sampling Methods, and Analytical Methods .............................. 47 3.2.3. Statistics .................................................................................................... 48 ii 3.3. Results and Discussion .................................................................................... 51 3.3.1. Saginaw Bay ............................................................................................. 51 3.3.2. Grand Traverse Bay .................................................................................. 55 Section 4. CONNECTING CHANNEL MONITORING: STATUS AND TRENDS ........ 58 4.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 58 4.2. Methods ............................................................................................................ 58 4.2.1. Site Selection and Study Design ............................................................... 58 4.2.2. Analytes, Sampling Methods, and Analytical Methods .............................. 59 4.2.3. Statistical Measures .................................................................................. 59 4.3. Results and Discussion .................................................................................... 62 4.3.1. St. Marys River .......................................................................................... 62 4.3.2. St. Clair River ............................................................................................ 63 4.3.3. Detroit River .............................................................................................. 65 Section 5. Literature Cited ............................................................................................ 69 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Analytical methods, quantification levels, and units of measurement for data collected at probabilistic monitoring stations, 2005 – 2009. SM = Standard Method; mg/L = milligrams per liter; ug/L = micrograms per liter; ng/L = nanograms per
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