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A Review of the Genus Pelenomus Thomson (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae) from China

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A Review of the Genus Pelenomus Thomson (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae) from China Zootaxa 3652 (4): 401–423 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3652.4.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BE9E1893-8E42-4D31-8DB6-2AE35EFC7E33 A review of the genus Pelenomus Thomson (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae) from China LUJING YANG1, JUNHAO HUANG1, 2, RUNZHI ZHANG2 & HONG WU1* 1 Institute of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, 88 Huancheng Beilu, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The genus Pelenomus Thomson from China is revised and six species are found occurring in China. Among them, P. curvatus, sp. nov. is described from Yunnan province, and four species are newly recorded from China: P. w al ton i (Boheman, 1843), P. canaliculatus (Fåhraeus, 1843), P. quadricorniger (Colonnelli, 1986) and P. ro e lo fsi (Hustache, 1916). Taxonomic diagnosis, habitus photos, detailed illustrations and distribution map of each species are provided, as well as a key to all the Chinese species. This study raised the number of Chinese Pelenomus from one to six species. Key words: Ceutorhynchinae, Pelenomus, China, new species, new records Introduction Pelenomus Thomson, 1859 belongs to the tribe Phytobiini in the subfamily Ceutorhynchinae of the Curculionidae (Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, 1999; Colonnelli, 1986, 2004), and is distinguished from the close genera by the following combination of characters: body covered with relatively sparse vestiture; antennal funicle six- segmented; rostrum usually shorter than pronotum except in P. wa lt on i (Boheman, 1843); apical margin of pronotum straight in the middle and laterally limited by a pair of sharp denticles the distance between them being about as wide as rostral width; elytra with angular shoulders, intervals V–IX with small, sometimes inconspicuous granules; tibiae with mucro; claws dentate or simple (Korotyaev, 1996). Pelenomus was first established for Curculio commari Panzer, 1794. Presently, the genus is comprised of 10 North American species and 14 Eurasian species (Colonnelli, 2004). In East Asia, four species, namely P. canaliculatus (Fåhraeus, 1843), P. quadrituberculatus (Fabricius, 1787), P. ro e lo fs i (Hustache, 1916) and P. waltoni were recorded from Japan (Morimoto, 1984, 1989; Yoshitake et al., 2004), three species, P. quadricorniger (Colonnelli, 1986), P. ro e lo fs i and P. wa lt on i from South Korea (Hong, Egorov & Kwon, 1999; Hong, Egorov & Korotyaev, 2000; Korotyaev & Hong, 2004; Hong, Park & Han, 2011), and only one species, P. quadrituberculatus, from China (Colonnelli, 2004). All these Eastern Asian species mainly feed on Polygonum plants (Polygonaceae), except P. canaliculatus which can be found also on Potamogeton natans L., and Myriophyllum spp. (Halorhagaceae) (Colonnelli, 2004; Yoshitake, 2011; Hong, Park & Han, 2011). In this paper we taxonomically revise Pelenomus from China, describing one new species and newly recording four species, based on study of specimens from various localities. Detailed illustrations, differential diagnoses, distributional information of all the species are provided, as well as a key to Chinese species. Materials and Methods Specimens preserved in the following institutions were examined in the course of this study: National Institute for Accepted by R. Anderson: 4 Mar. 2013; published: 20 May 2013 401 Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan (NIAES); Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS); Institute of Forestry Protection, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, China (ZAFU). The descriptive work in this study was completed by L. Yang and J. Huang. External structures were observed under a Nikon SMZ1500 and a Nikon AZ100 stereoscopic microscope. Measurements of body parts are defined and abbreviated as follows: LB = body length, from the apex of the pronotum to the apices of elytra; LR = rostrum length, in lateral view; WP = maximum width of pronotum; LP = pronotum length, from the base to the apex along the midline; WE = maximum width of elytra; and LE = elytra length, from the basal margin to the apex. All measurements are in millimeters. Habitus photographs were taken using a Nikon AZ100 stereoscopic microscope. Examination of terminalia followed these steps: specimens were macerated in hot water and dissected under a stereoscopic microscope; the abdomen was removed from the body and then cleaned in hot 10% NaOH solution for 5–10 minutes; terminalia were extracted from the abdomen and mounted on slides with glycerol (male) or pure water (female), examined using a Leica DM2500 optical microscope, and illustrated in detail using a camera lucida. All of the type specimens in this study were deposited at the Institute of Forestry Protection, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China (ZAFU). The names of Chinese Polygonum are quoted according to Li & Hsu (2005). Taxonomy Pelenomus Thomson, 1859 Diagnosis. Pelenomus is most closely related to Phytobius Schoenherr, 1833 sharing with the latter a pair of sharp apical pronotal denticles whose distance is about as wide as rostral width, a pair of lateral pronotal tubercles, six- segmented antennal funicle, meso- and metasternum without rostral sulcus, and femora edentate. However, Pelenomus can be distinguished by its much sparser vestiture, and its rostrum shorter than the pronotum, whereas almost all the body of Phytobius is covered with dense scales, and its rostrum is distinctly longer than the pronotum. Distribution. Eurasia, North America (Colonnelli, 2004). Biological notes. On Polygonum (Polygonaceae), Glaux (Primulaceae), Myriophyllum (Halorhagaceae), Spergularia (Caryophyllaceae), Lythrum (Lythraceae), Elatine (Elatinaceae), Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae), Potamogeton (Potamogetonaceae), Alchemilla, Comarum, Sanguisorba (Rosaceae) (Colonnelli, 2004). Key to the Chinese species of Pelenomus 1. Rostrum longer than pronotum . P. waltoni (Boheman, 1843) – Rostrum shorter than pronotum. 2 2. Elytra covered with rather dense white to brownish oval scales. .P. canaliculatus (Fåhraeus, 1843) – Elytra covered with fine brown linear scales. 3 3. Body larger, from 2.5 to 2.8 mm. Male middle tibiae with mucro . P. quadricorniger (Colonnelli, 1986) – Body smaller, less than 2.5 mm. Male middle and hind tibiae with mucro . 4 4. Eyes moderately prominent. Frons flattened, strongly widened basally. .P. roelofsi (Hustache, 1916) – Eyes strongly prominent. Frons concave, not widened basally. P. curvatus sp. nov. Pelenomus waltoni (Boheman, 1843) (Figs. 1–4, 21–24, 41–48, 88) Description. Male. LB: 2.16–2.20 mm (mean, 2.18 mm); LR: 0.52–0.59 mm (0.56 mm); WP: 0.78–0.83 mm (0.81 mm); LP: 0.48–0.53 mm (0.50 mm); WE: 1.28–1.34 mm (1.31 mm); LE: 1.28–1.47 mm (1.38 mm). N = 3 for all measurements. Body dark brown in general, antennae and leg yellowish-brown, eyes reddish, Head and pronotum yellowish-brown, elytral suture blackish. Habitus as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Vestiture thick. Head (Figs. 21–22) covered with dense brown hairlike scales on disc and dense white oval scales behind eyes; rostrum generally with dense yellow hairlike scales. Pronotum (Fig. 1) with brown linear scales 402 · Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press YAN G ET AL. on disc, and with oval white scales on basal part and lateral sides. Elytra (Fig. 1) generally covered with dark brown linear scales, interrupted by dense patches of white oval scales on intervals I–V more sporadic on other intervals. Underside (Figs. 2–3) densely covered with oval white scales. Legs (Fig. 2) moderately densely clothed with white oval scales on femora and linear scales on tibiae. Pygidium (Fig. 4) with dense dark brown hairlike scales on disc and white lanceolate scales along the margin. FIGURES 1–4. Pelenomus waltoni, male. (1) Dorsal habitus. (2) Lateral Habitus. (3) Venter. (4). Pygidium. Scale bar: 0.50 mm for 1–3; 0.25 mm for 4. Rostrum slender, 1.00–1.19 times longer than the pronotum. In dorsal view (Fig. 21), rostrum straight and almost parallel-sided, not widened at apex; dorsal surface without median carina nor sulcus, with shallow elongate REVIEW OF PELENOMUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 403 medium-sized punctures on each side, forming two-three lines of ill-defined wrinkles; apical part of rostrum smooth, shining, with sparse fine punctures. In lateral view (Fig. 22), rostrum slightly curved at the antennal insertion, dorsal outline slightly more steeply curved than the ventral. Frons as wide as the base of rostrum, not widened basally; frons and vertex uniformly covered with shallow medium-sized punctures. Antennae inserted at apical 1/3 of rostrum, with scape 0.90 times as long as the funicle, length ratio of funicular segments I: II: III: IV: V: VI = 3.80: 2.28: 1.20: 1.28: 1.32: 1.00 and width ratio = 1.84: 1.00: 1.12: 1.24: 1.24: 1.40. Pronotum (Fig. 1) 1.53–1.74 times wider than long, 0.34–0.40 times as long as and 0.61–0.63 times as wide as elytra, bearing a pair of sharp tubercles at the middle of lateral sides. Dorsum with shallow median suture, punctures deep and large in the basal part and relatively smaller along lateral margin; basal margin not serrate; apical margin moderately raised. Sides nearly straight, widest at middle, weakly converging toward the subapical constriction. Scutellum subovate. Elytra (Fig. 1) oval, 1.00–1.13 times longer than wide, 2.51–2.92 times longer and 1.60–1.64 times wider than pronotum; widest at humeri, sides subparallel, then moderately convergent toward subapical calli. Intervals moderately flattened, slightly wider than striae, each with 3–4 rows of large and acute squamate granules; striae relatively broad and shallow, with distinct punctures.
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