A Review of the Genus Pelenomus Thomson (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae) from China

Zootaxa 3652 (4): 401–423 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3652.4.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BE9E1893-8E42-4D31-8DB6-2AE35EFC7E33 A review of the genus Pelenomus Thomson (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchinae) from China

LUJING YANG1, JUNHAO HUANG1, 2, RUNZHI ZHANG2 & HONG WU1* 1 Institute of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, 88 Huancheng Beilu, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

The genus Pelenomus Thomson from China is revised and six species are found occurring in China. Among them, P. curvatus, sp. nov. is described from Yunnan province, and four species are newly recorded from China: P. w al ton i (Boheman, 1843), P. canaliculatus (Fåhraeus, 1843), P. quadricorniger (Colonnelli, 1986) and P. ro e lo fsi (Hustache, 1916). Taxonomic diagnosis, habitus photos, detailed illustrations and distribution map of each species are provided, as well as a key to all the Chinese species. This study raised the number of Chinese Pelenomus from one to six species.

Key words: Ceutorhynchinae, Pelenomus, China, new species, new records

Introduction

Pelenomus Thomson, 1859 belongs to the tribe Phytobiini in the subfamily Ceutorhynchinae of the Curculionidae (Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal, 1999; Colonnelli, 1986, 2004), and is distinguished from the close genera by the following combination of characters: body covered with relatively sparse vestiture; antennal funicle six- segmented; rostrum usually shorter than pronotum except in P. wa lt on i (Boheman, 1843); apical margin of pronotum straight in the middle and laterally limited by a pair of sharp denticles the distance between them being about as wide as rostral width; elytra with angular shoulders, intervals V–IX with small, sometimes inconspicuous granules; tibiae with mucro; claws dentate or simple (Korotyaev, 1996). Pelenomus was first established for Curculio commari Panzer, 1794. Presently, the genus is comprised of 10 North American species and 14 Eurasian species (Colonnelli, 2004). In East Asia, four species, namely P. canaliculatus (Fåhraeus, 1843), P. quadrituberculatus (Fabricius, 1787), P. ro e lo fs i (Hustache, 1916) and P. waltoni were recorded from Japan (Morimoto, 1984, 1989; Yoshitake et al., 2004), three species, P. quadricorniger (Colonnelli, 1986), P. ro e lo fs i and P. wa lt on i from South Korea (Hong, Egorov & Kwon, 1999; Hong, Egorov & Korotyaev, 2000; Korotyaev & Hong, 2004; Hong, Park & Han, 2011), and only one species, P. quadrituberculatus, from China (Colonnelli, 2004). All these Eastern Asian species mainly feed on Polygonum plants (Polygonaceae), except P. canaliculatus which can be found also on Potamogeton natans L., and Myriophyllum spp. (Halorhagaceae) (Colonnelli, 2004; Yoshitake, 2011; Hong, Park & Han, 2011). In this paper we taxonomically revise Pelenomus from China, describing one new species and newly recording four species, based on study of specimens from various localities. Detailed illustrations, differential diagnoses, distributional information of all the species are provided, as well as a key to Chinese species.

Materials and Methods

Specimens preserved in the following institutions were examined in the course of this study: National Institute for

Accepted by R. Anderson: 4 Mar. 2013; published: 20 May 2013 401 Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan (NIAES); Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS); Institute of Forestry Protection, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhejiang, China (ZAFU). The descriptive work in this study was completed by L. Yang and J. Huang. External structures were observed under a Nikon SMZ1500 and a Nikon AZ100 stereoscopic microscope. Measurements of body parts are defined and abbreviated as follows: LB = body length, from the apex of the pronotum to the apices of elytra; LR = rostrum length, in lateral view; WP = maximum width of pronotum; LP = pronotum length, from the base to the apex along the midline; WE = maximum width of elytra; and LE = elytra length, from the basal margin to the apex. All measurements are in millimeters. Habitus photographs were taken using a Nikon AZ100 stereoscopic microscope. Examination of terminalia followed these steps: specimens were macerated in hot water and dissected under a stereoscopic microscope; the abdomen was removed from the body and then cleaned in hot 10% NaOH solution for 5–10 minutes; terminalia were extracted from the abdomen and mounted on slides with glycerol (male) or pure water (female), examined using a Leica DM2500 optical microscope, and illustrated in detail using a camera lucida. All of the type specimens in this study were deposited at the Institute of Forestry Protection, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, China (ZAFU). The names of Chinese Polygonum are quoted according to Li & Hsu (2005).

Taxonomy

Pelenomus Thomson, 1859

Diagnosis. Pelenomus is most closely related to Phytobius Schoenherr, 1833 sharing with the latter a pair of sharp apical pronotal denticles whose distance is about as wide as rostral width, a pair of lateral pronotal tubercles, six- segmented antennal funicle, meso- and metasternum without rostral sulcus, and femora edentate. However, Pelenomus can be distinguished by its much sparser vestiture, and its rostrum shorter than the pronotum, whereas almost all the body of Phytobius is covered with dense scales, and its rostrum is distinctly longer than the pronotum. Distribution. Eurasia, North America (Colonnelli, 2004). Biological notes. On Polygonum (Polygonaceae), Glaux (Primulaceae), Myriophyllum (Halorhagaceae), Spergularia (Caryophyllaceae), Lythrum (Lythraceae), Elatine (Elatinaceae), Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae), Potamogeton (Potamogetonaceae), Alchemilla, Comarum, Sanguisorba (Rosaceae) (Colonnelli, 2004).

Key to the Chinese species of Pelenomus

1. Rostrum longer than pronotum ...... P. waltoni (Boheman, 1843) – Rostrum shorter than pronotum...... 2 2. Elytra covered with rather dense white to brownish oval scales...... P. canaliculatus (Fåhraeus, 1843) – Elytra covered with fine brown linear scales...... 3 3. Body larger, from 2.5 to 2.8 mm. Male middle tibiae with mucro ...... P. quadricorniger (Colonnelli, 1986) – Body smaller, less than 2.5 mm. Male middle and hind tibiae with mucro ...... 4 4. Eyes moderately prominent. Frons flattened, strongly widened basally...... P. roelofsi (Hustache, 1916) – Eyes strongly prominent. Frons concave, not widened basally...... P. curvatus sp. nov.

Pelenomus waltoni (Boheman, 1843) (Figs. 1–4, 21–24, 41–48, 88)

Description. Male. LB: 2.16–2.20 mm (mean, 2.18 mm); LR: 0.52–0.59 mm (0.56 mm); WP: 0.78–0.83 mm (0.81 mm); LP: 0.48–0.53 mm (0.50 mm); WE: 1.28–1.34 mm (1.31 mm); LE: 1.28–1.47 mm (1.38 mm). N = 3 for all measurements. Body dark brown in general, antennae and leg yellowish-brown, eyes reddish, Head and pronotum yellowish-brown, elytral suture blackish. Habitus as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Vestiture thick. Head (Figs. 21–22) covered with dense brown hairlike scales on disc and dense white oval scales behind eyes; rostrum generally with dense yellow hairlike scales. Pronotum (Fig. 1) with brown linear scales

402 · Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press YAN G ET AL. on disc, and with oval white scales on basal part and lateral sides. Elytra (Fig. 1) generally covered with dark brown linear scales, interrupted by dense patches of white oval scales on intervals I–V more sporadic on other intervals. Underside (Figs. 2–3) densely covered with oval white scales. Legs (Fig. 2) moderately densely clothed with white oval scales on femora and linear scales on tibiae. Pygidium (Fig. 4) with dense dark brown hairlike scales on disc and white lanceolate scales along the margin.

FIGURES 1–4. Pelenomus waltoni, male. (1) Dorsal habitus. (2) Lateral Habitus. (3) Venter. (4). Pygidium. Scale bar: 0.50 mm for 1–3; 0.25 mm for 4.

Rostrum slender, 1.00–1.19 times longer than the pronotum. In dorsal view (Fig. 21), rostrum straight and almost parallel-sided, not widened at apex; dorsal surface without median carina nor sulcus, with shallow elongate

REVIEW OF PELENOMUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 403 medium-sized punctures on each side, forming two-three lines of ill-defined wrinkles; apical part of rostrum smooth, shining, with sparse fine punctures. In lateral view (Fig. 22), rostrum slightly curved at the antennal insertion, dorsal outline slightly more steeply curved than the ventral. Frons as wide as the base of rostrum, not widened basally; frons and vertex uniformly covered with shallow medium-sized punctures. Antennae inserted at apical 1/3 of rostrum, with scape 0.90 times as long as the funicle, length ratio of funicular segments I: II: III: IV: V: VI = 3.80: 2.28: 1.20: 1.28: 1.32: 1.00 and width ratio = 1.84: 1.00: 1.12: 1.24: 1.24: 1.40. Pronotum (Fig. 1) 1.53–1.74 times wider than long, 0.34–0.40 times as long as and 0.61–0.63 times as wide as elytra, bearing a pair of sharp tubercles at the middle of lateral sides. Dorsum with shallow median suture, punctures deep and large in the basal part and relatively smaller along lateral margin; basal margin not serrate; apical margin moderately raised. Sides nearly straight, widest at middle, weakly converging toward the subapical constriction. Scutellum subovate. Elytra (Fig. 1) oval, 1.00–1.13 times longer than wide, 2.51–2.92 times longer and 1.60–1.64 times wider than pronotum; widest at humeri, sides subparallel, then moderately convergent toward subapical calli. Intervals moderately flattened, slightly wider than striae, each with 3–4 rows of large and acute squamate granules; striae relatively broad and shallow, with distinct punctures. Legs (Fig. 2) slender, procoxae separated by a distance about as wide as basal width of rostrum; middle coxae separated by a distance hardly wider than apical width of rostrum. Femora clavate, without tooth; middle and hind femora more inflated than front femora; middle tibiae with sharp mucro; tarsi moderate in length; claws free, slender, not appendiculate. Prosternum simple, without prosternal canal. Venter (Fig. 3) coarsely and moderately punctured; ventrite I shallowly concave on disc; ventrite V simple, without concavity nor denticles; length ratio of ventrites I: II: III: IV: V = 6.50: 3.84: 1.00: 1.06: 2.21 and width ratio =1.77: 1.56: 1.40: 1.23: 1.00. Pygidium (Fig. 4) narrow at the basal margin, 1.51 times wider than long. Sternite IX (Fig. 45) with spiculum gastrale as long as the aedeagal body and longer than its apodeme, bent leftward. Tegmen (Fig. 44) with apodeme short and slender, nearly half as long as diameter of tegminal ring, gradually narrowed basally, truncate at base. Aedeagal body (Figs. 41–43) broad, relatively thin and straight in profile, and hardly curved at apex; sides weakly narrowed from the base to the middle, slightly broadened to apical fourth, then gradually convergent apically; apical projection rounded at apex. Endophallus (Fig. 41) with a pair of reniform sclerites near the base, and dense longitudinal dentiform spicules in median part. Female. LB: 2.16–2.36 mm (mean, 2.52 mm); LR: 0.61–0.71 mm (0.68 mm); WP: 0.81–0.86 mm (0.84 mm); LP: 0.53–0.56 mm (0.55 mm); WE: 1.37–1.43 mm (1.39 mm); LE: 1.36–1.66 mm (1.49 mm). N = 3 for all measurements. Rostrum (Figs. 23–24) longer than pronotum, 1.10–1.33 times longer than pronotum. Frons as wide as the base of rostrum, gradually widened basally. Pronotum 1.53–1.56 times wider than long. Elytra 0.99–1.16 times longer than wide. Tibiae not mucronate. Ventrites I and II moderately inflated and punctured; ventrite V slightly inflated without concavity. Pygidium 1.21 times wider than long. Sternite VIII (Fig. 46) with several minute setae near the apex; arms very wide, 1.8 times longer than apodemes, nearly as long as coxite and stylus combined, widely separated, with inner margins shallowly arcuate and gradually broadened apically, with outer margins broadly arcuate; apodemes short and slender. Coxites (Fig. 47) robust, nearly four times longer than styli; styli apicolaterally inserted, moderate in length, nearly two times longer than wide. Spermatheca (Fig. 48) with cornu robust, strongly curved; collum evenly and moderately convex; ramus strongly marked; insertions of the duct and gland close to each other. Otherwise practically as in male. Distribution. China (Hubei, Heilongjiang—new record; Fig. 88), Eurasia (Colonnelli, 2004). Specimens examined. HUBEI. 6 males and 3 females, Tongcheng, Mt. Tongboshan, 1600 m, IX-2003, Li (NIAES). HEILONGJIANG. Yichun, Wuying, Fenglin: 4 males and 4 females, 20-VII-2008, J. Huang; 1 female, 21-VII-2008, J. Huang, on Polygonum spp.; 6 males and 3 females, 24-VII-2008, J. Huang; Shangzhi, Mt. Mao’ershan, 1 male, 28-VII-2008, S. Zhang. (ZAFU). Biological notes. On Polygonum hydropiper L., P. mite Schrank (Wagner, 1939). Remarks. This species is a new record to China. It can be easily distinguished from other Chinese Pelenomus from its slenderer rostrum longer than pronotum, and ventrite V in male without concavity, while the other species have stouter rostrum shorter than pronotum and ventrite V slightly concave. With its thick vestiture and slender rostrum, the species is somewhat similar to members of Phytobius.

Description. Male. LB: 2.12 mm; LR: 0.44 mm; WP: 0.83 m;, LP: 0.57 mm; WE: 1.28 mm; LE: 1.44 mm. N = 1 for all measurements. Dark brown in general appearance; head and pronotum brown; antennae, eyes and legs reddish-brown. Habitus as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. Vestiture moderately dense. Head (Figs. 25–26) covered with dense brown hairlike scales on disc and dense white oval scales behind eyes; rostrum with sparse brown hairlike scales. Pronotum (Fig. 5) mostly covered with dark brown linear scales, and with white oval scales scattered along the median sulcus and dense on lateral sides. Elytra (Fig. 5) with scutellar spot formed of imbricated brown oval scales; intervals bearing 3–4 rows of dark brown linear scales, mingled with white oval scales, forming irregular spots; striae bearing a fine hairlike scale in each puncture. Underside (Figs. 6–7) covered with sparse white oval scales. Legs (Fig. 6) moderately clothed with dense white oval scales on femora and linear scales on tibiae. Pygidium (Fig. 8) with white oval scales. Rostrum robust, 0.77 times longer than pronotum. In dorsal view (Fig. 25), rostrum slightly widened basally, almost parallel-sided in basal 2/3, after the antennal insertion gradually widening toward the apex; dorsal suface without distinct median carina nor sulcus, with shallow elongate medium-sized punctures on each side, forming two-three lines of ill-defined wrinkles; apical part of rostrum smooth, shining, with sparse fine punctures. In lateral view (Fig. 26) rostrum slightly curved, dorsal outline clearly more steeply curved than the ventral one. Frons faintly narrower than the base of rostrum, then strongly widened basally; frons and vertex uniformly covered with shallow medium-sized punctures. Antennae inserted at the apical part of rostrum, scape 0.77 times as long as funicle, length ratio of funicular segments I: II: III: IV: V: VI = 3.89: 2.56: 1.96: 1.22: 1.00: 1.11 and width ratio = 2.32: 1.18: 1.00: 1.18: 1.45: 1.45. Pronotum (Fig. 5) 1.46 times wider than long, 0.39 times as long as and 0.65 times as wide as elytra, bearing a pair of tubercles in the middle of lateral sides. Dorsum coarsely punctured, with shallow median suture; apical margin moderately raised. Sides moderately rounded, widest at middle, weakly converging toward the subapical constriction. Scutellum subovate. Elytra (Fig. 5) oval, 1.13 times longer than wide, 2.54 times longer and 1.55 times wider than pronotum; sides subparallel, gently convergent toward the subapical calli; humeral calli moderately prominent; subapical calli weakly prominent. All intervals flattened, almost the same in width and height, nearly three times wider than striae, each with 3–4 rows of large and acute squamate granules; striae moderately marked, with distinct punctures. Legs (Fig. 6) with procoxae separated by a distance about the same as basal width of rostrum, middle coxae separated by a distance equal to apical width of rostrum. Legs slender; femora clavate, without tooth; middle tibiae with sharp mucro; tarsi moderate in length; claws free, slender, not appendiculate. Prosternum simple, without prosternal canal. Venter (Fig. 7) coarsely and moderately densely punctured; ventrite I and II flattened on the dorsum; ventrite V shallowly depressed along the apical margin, limited by a pair of sharp denticles; length ratio of ventrites I: II: III: IV: V = 3.05: 1.73: 0.58: 0.53: 1.00 and width ratio = 1.80: 1.55: 1.34: 1.21: 1.00. Pygidium (Fig. 8) 1.33 times wider than long. Sternite IX (Fig. 53) with spiculum gastrale relatively short, much shorter than the aedeagal body, and slightly longer than its apodeme, bent leftward. Tegmen (Fig. 52) with apodeme short and robust, nearly one third as long as diameter of tegminal ring, subparallel along entire length, truncate at base. Aedeagal body (Figs. 49–51) long and slender in profile, more or less curved downward in the basal 1/3, then moderately bent upward in the apical 1/4; sides subparallel in basal 2/3, slightly broadened to apical 1/5, then gradually convergent apically, rounded at apex. Basal part of endophallus (Fig. 49) with two pairs of plate-like sclerites, bunch of dense minute spicules between the plates, and sparse dentiform spicules widely distributed. Female. LB: 2.02–2.22 mm (mean, 2.12 mm); LR: 0.55–0.42 mm (0.48 mm); WP: 0.76–0.89 mm (0.83 mm); LP: 0.52–0.62 mm (0.57 mm); WE: 1.24–1.44 mm (1.34 mm); LE: 1.33–1.55 mm (1.44 mm). N = 2 for all measurements. Rostrum (Figs. 27–28) 0.81–0.88 times longer than the pronotum. Pronotum 1.43–1.46 times wider than long. Elytra 1.07–1.08 times longer than wide. Tibiae not mucronate. Ventrite I and II moderately inflated and punctured; ventrite V slightly inflated without concavity.

REVIEW OF PELENOMUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 405 FIGURES 5–8. Pelenomus canaliculatus, male. (5) Dorsal habitus. (6) Lateral Habitus. (7) Venter. (8). Pygidium. Scale bar: 0.50 mm for 5–7; 0.25 mm for 8.

Pygidium 1.20 times wider than long. Sternite VIII (Fig. 54) with several minute setae near the apex; arms very wide, 1.7 times longer than apodemes, nearly as long as coxite and stylus combined, widely separated, with inner margins shallowly arcuate and gradually broadened apically, with outer margins broadly arcuate; apodemes short, slender and strongly curved. Coxites robust (Fig. 55), nearly four times longer than styli; styli apicolaterally inserted, moderate in length, nearly three times longer than wide. Spermatheca (Fig. 56) with cornu robust; collum very weakly convex; ramus strongly marked; insertions of the duct and gland close to each other. Otherwise practically as in male.

406 · Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press YAN G ET AL. Distribution. China (Heilongjiang—new record; Fig. 88), Eurasia (Colonnelli, 2004). Specimens examined. HEILONGJIANG. 1 male and 1 female, Harbin, 31-V-1943, IOZ(E) 895183–895184 (IZCAS). 1 female, North Eastern China, IOZ(E) 895226 (IZCAS). Biological notes. The host plant of the species was firstly recorded as Polygonum mite Schrank (Wagner, 1939). Hoffmann (1954) cited Potamogeton natans L. (Potamogetonaceae) as a host plant in France. Later, Myriophyllum verticillatum L. and M. spicatum L. (Haloragidaceae) were confirmed as host plants by Dieckmann (1972), who also observed its larvae feeding and pupating on the leaves. According to Caillol (1954), Colonnelli (2004) listed Polygonum hydropiper as another host plant in his catalogue. In Japan, this species feeds on Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. which typically grows in freshwater streams, lakes and rivers (Yoshitake, 2011). Ecological information on this species and its host plant associations in China are lacking at the moment. Remarks. This is a new record to China. Among the Chinese species, P. canaliculatus shares with P. waltoni relatively dense vestiture, whereas P. curvatus, P. quadricorniger and P. roelofsi are covered with sparse dark brown linear scales. However, P. waltoni has the rostrum longer than the pronotum, where P. canaliculatus has the rostrum distinctly shorter than the pronotum. In addition, in P. canaliculatus brown linear dark scales are prevalent on the elytra and ventrite V is shallowly concave and limited by a pair of sharp denticles, while in P. waltoni the elytral intervals are densely covered with white oval scales and ventrite V lacks a concavity and denticles.

Pelenomus quadrituberculatus (Fabricius, 1787)

Distribution. Eurasia (Colonnelli, 2004). Biological notes. On Polygonum persicaria L., P. hydropiper, P. lapathifolium L., P. aviculare L. (Polygonaceae), Glaux maritima L. (Primulaceae). Comments. This species has been recorded from China in Colonnelli’s catalogue (2004) without detailed references.

Pelenomus quadricorniger (Colonnelli, 1986) (Figs. 9–12, 29–32, 57–64, 82–83, 88)

Description. Male. LB: 2.47–2.61 mm (mean, 2.54 mm); LR: 0.47–0.52 mm (0.49 mm); WP: 0.92–0.96 mm (0.95 mm); LP: 0.64–0.67 mm (0.65 mm); WE: 1.58–1.61 mm (1.59 mm); LE: 1.65–1.76 mm (1.72 mm). N = 3 for all measurements. Body black; head, pronotum and elytra black; eyes yellowish-brown; antennae and legs reddish-brown. Habitus as shown in Figs. 9 and 10. Vestiture fine. Head (Figs. 29–30) covered with sparse brown hairlike scales on disc and sparse white oval scales behind eyes; rostrum with dense brown hairlike scales. Pronotum (Fig. 9) with brown linear scales, and with white oval scales in basal part and lateral sides. Elytra (Fig. 9) covered with scutellar spot formed of white oval scales; intervals bearing 3–4 rows of dark brown linear scales; striae bearing a fine hairlike scale in each puncture. Underside of body (Figs. 10–11) covered with white oval scales. Legs (Fig. 10) moderately clothed with dense white linear scales. Pygidium (Fig. 12) with dense dark brown hairlike scales. Rostrum robust, 0.73–0.81 times longer than the pronotum. In dorsal view (Fig. 29), rostrum slightly widened basally, almost parallel-sided in basal 1/2, and broadest at apex; dorsal surface without median carina nor sulcus, with shallow elongate medium-sized punctures on each side, forming two-three lines of ill-defined wrinkles; apical part of rostrum smooth, shining, with sparse fine punctures. In lateral view (Fig. 30) rostrum slightly curved; dorsal outline curved as the ventral one. Frons clearly narrower than the base of rostrum, then gradually widened basally; frons and vertex uniformly covered with shallow medium-sized punctures. Antennae with scape 0.73 times as long as the funicle, length ratio of funicular segments I: II: III: IV: V: VI = 4.58: 3.46: 1.96: 1.46: 1.17: 1.00 and width ratio = 1.88: 1.04: 1.13: 1.00: 1.29: 1.46. Pronotum (Fig. 9) 0.37–0.39 times as long and 0.59–0.61 times as wide as elytra, 1.39–1.49 times wider than long, bearing a pair of sharp tubercles in the middle of the lateral sides. Dorsum deeply punctured, and with shallow median suture; basal margin serrate; apical margin moderately raised. Sides nearly straight, widest at middle, sharply converging toward the subapical constriction. Scutellum subovate.

REVIEW OF PELENOMUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 407 FIGURES 9–12. Pelenomus quadricorniger, male. (9) Dorsal habitus. (10) Lateral Habitus. (11) Venter. (12). Pygidium. Scale bar: 0.50 mm for 9–11; 0.25 mm for 12.

Elytra (Fig. 9) heart-shaped, 2.55–2.61 times longer and 1.63–1.72 times wider than pronotum, 1.05–1.10 times longer than wide; widest at humeri, subparallel in basal 2/3, then moderately convergent toward subapical calli. Intervals moderately convex, nearly two times wider than striae, almost all of the same width and height, each with 3–4 rows of large and acute squamate granules; striae moderately marked, relatively wide and deep, with distinct punctures. Legs (Fig. 10) slender, procoxae separated by about the same width of basal rostrum; middle coxae separated by a distance equal to the apical width of rostrum. Femora clavate, without tooth; middle and hind femora more inflated than front femora; middle tibiae with sharp mucro; tarsi moderate in length; claws appendiculate, inner branches separate.

408 · Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press YAN G ET AL. Prosternum simple, without prosternal canal. Venter (Fig. 11) coarsely and moderately densely punctured; ventrite I weakly concave on disc; ventrite V slightly concave along the apical margin; length ratio of ventrites I: II: III: IV: V = 6.15: 3.22: 1.33: 1.00: 2.17 and width ratio = 1.89: 1.59: 1.35: 1.21: 1.00. Pygidium (Fig. 12) 1.17 times wider than long, finely punctured. Sternite IX (Fig. 61) with spiculum gastrale slightly longer than aedeagal body or its apodeme, bent leftward. Tegmen (Fig. 60) with apodeme relatively slender, nearly half as long as diameter of tegminal ring, subparallel along entire length, rounded and weakly broadened at base. Aedeagal body (Figs. 57–59) slender, moderately curved upward in the apical fourth; sides subparallel in the basal 5/6, then gradually convergent apically; apical projection rounded at apex. Endophallus (Fig. 57) with sparse longitudinal dentiform spicules near the base, and a dentiform spiculate field in the middle. Female. LB: 2.67–2.77 mm (mean, 2.72 mm); LR: 0.53–0.57 mm (0.56 mm); WP: 0.86–1.12 mm (1.00 mm); LP: 0.52–0.80 mm (0.66 mm); WE: 1.68–1.79 mm (1.73 mm); LE: 1.70–1.90 mm (1.83 mm). N = 3 for all measurements. Rostrum (Figs. 31–32) relatively short, 0.87–1.10 times longer than the pronotum. Pronotum 1.54–1.66 times wider than long. Elytra 0.99–1.13 times longer than wide. Abdomen more convex and tibiae without mucro. Ventrite V slightly inflated without concavity. Pygidium 1.28 times wider than long. Sternite VIII (Fig. 62) with dense minute setae near the apex; arms very wide, three times longer than apodemes, nearly as long as coxite and stylus combined, widely separated, with inner margins strongly arcuate and gradually broadened apically, with outer margins broadly arcuate; apodemes short and slender. Coxites (Fig. 63) robust, 1.5 times wider than long, nearly 3.5 times longer than styli; styli apicolaterally inserted, moderate in length, nearly three times longer than wide. Spermatheca (Fig. 64) with cornu robust, strongly curved; collum evenly and moderately convex; ramus weakly marked; insertions of the duct and gland close to each other. Otherwise practically as in male. Distribution. China (Fujian, Guizhou– new record; Fig. 88), Eurasia (Colonnelli, 2004). Specimens examined. FUJIAN. Jiangle, Mt. Longqishan: 1 male, 700 m, 20-VIII-1991, X. Zhang, IOZ(E) 895283; 3 females, 500 m, Wujiu, 13-VIII-1991, X. Zhang, IOZ(E) 895633, 895634, 895295; 1 male, 27-V-1991, J. Yao, IOZ(E) 895288; 1 male, 25-V-1991, R. Zhang, IOZ(E) 895307; 1 female, Lishan, 650 m, 17-VIII-1991, X. Zhang, IOZ(E) 895310(IZCAS). Mt. Wuyishan: 1 female, Tongmuguan, Guanping, 850–1000 m, 13-VIII-1990, S. Jiang, IOZ(E) 894794(IZCAS). 1 female, Xingcun, Sangang, 720 m, 13-VI-1990, Y. Zuo, IOZ (E) 894581(IZCAS). 1 male, Xingcun, Sangang, 740 m, 30-VI-1960, Y. Zhang, IOZ(E) 895647(IZCAS). 1 male, Shaowu, 3-VI-1965, IOZ(E) 895649; Shaowu, Wuku: 1 female, 23-VI-1965, IOZ(E) 895636; 1 female, 24-VI- 1965, IOZ(E) 895635; 1 male, 24-VI-1965, IOZ(E) 895641; 1 male, 1-VI-1965, IOZ(E) 895638; 1 male, Shaowu, Tieyang, 13-VI-1965, IOZ(E) 895639(IZCAS). Jianyang, Sanxia: 1 female, 28-VI-1965, IOZ(E) 895645; 3 males, 29-VI-1965, IOZ(E) 895642–895644; 1 female, 29-VI-1965, IOZ(E) 895640(IZCAS). 1 male, Jianyang, Huangkeng, Changba, 340–440 m, 17-V-1960, IOZ(E)895648(IZCAS). GUIZHOU. 1 male, Leishan, Yaojiang, 870–1100 m, 5-VII-1988, S. Wang, IOZ(E)895646(IZCAS). Biological notes. On Polygonum amphibium L., P. lapathifolium L., P. mite Schrank (Colonnelli, 2004). Adults were collected on Polygonum spp. in moist places and near aquatic habitats, where the larva feeds on the leaves of these plants on which it fixes a cocoon built before pupation (Caldara and O’Brien, 1995). In August, 2012, several adults were collected in an aquatic habitat in Mt. Longqishan, Fujian, while feeding on the vine Polygonum hastato-sagittatum Mak. (Figs. 82–83), together with a number of individuals of P. ro e lo fs i. The vine is quite common in many sites in Mt. Longqishan, including both aquatic and semiaquatic habitats, but the species was collected only on the submerged plants, which might be a necessary condition for its colonization. Remarks. This species is new to China. It is closely related to P. ro e lo fs i and P. curvatus according to the main external features, such as black body, elytra covered with fine brown linear scales and ventrite V with a small median concavity in male. P. quadricorniger can be rather easily differentiated from the above two species by its body comparatively larger and only its middle tibiae mucronate, whereas P. ro e lo fs i and P. curvatus each have a smaller body and mucros on both middle and hind tibiae.

Pelenomus roelofsi (Hustache, 1916) (Figs. 13–16, 33–36, 65–72, 84–85, 88)

Description. Male. LB: 2.35–2.55 mm (mean, 2.47 mm); LR: 0.48–0.53 mm (0.51 mm); WP: 0.89–0.92 mm (0.90

REVIEW OF PELENOMUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 409 mm); LP: 0.62–0.66 mm (0.64 mm); WE: 1.44–1.60 mm (1.52 mm); LE: 1.58–1.80 mm (1.66 mm). N = 3 for all measurements. Body black; head, pronotum and elytra black; eyes yellowish-brown; antennae and legs reddish- brown. Habitus as shown in Figs. 13 and 14.

FIGURES 13–16. Pelenomus roelofsi, male.(13) Dorsal habitus. (14) Lateral Habitus. (15) Venter. (16). Pygidium. Scale bar: 0.50 mm for 13–15; 0.25 mm for 16.

Vestiture fine. Head (Figs. 33–34) moderately covered with sparse brown hairlike scales on disc and sparse white oval scales behind eyes; rostrum with dense brown hairlike scales. Pronotum (Fig. 13) with brown linear scales in general, and white oval scales in basal part and lateral sides. Elytra (Fig. 13) with scutellar spot formed of white oval scales; intervals bearing 3–4 rows of dark brown linear scales; striae bearing fine hairlike scale in each puncture. Underside of body (Figs. 14–15) covered with oval white scales. Legs (Fig. 14) moderately clothed with dense white linear scales. Pygidium (Fig. 16) with dense dark brown hairlike scales.

410 · Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press YAN G ET AL. FIGURES 17–20. Pelenomus curvatus sp. nov., male. (17) Dorsal habitus. (18) Lateral Habitus. (19) Venter. (20). Pygidium. Scale bar: 0.50 mm for 17–19; 0.25 mm for 20.

Rostrum robust, 0.73–0.83 times longer than the pronotum. In dorsal view (Fig. 33) rostrum slightly widened basally, almost parallel-sided in basal half, and broadest at apex; dorsal surface without median carina nor sulcus, with shallow elongate medium-sized punctures on each side, forming two-three lines of ill-defined wrinkles; apical part of rostrum smooth, shining, with sparse fine punctures. In lateral view (Fig. 34) rostrum slightly curved; dorsal outline curved as the ventral one. Frons clearly narrower than the base of rostrum, then gradually widened basally; frons and vertex uniformly covered with shallow medium-sized punctures. Antennae inserted at the apical part of rostrum, scape 0.78 times as long as the funicle, length ratio of funicular segments I: II: III: IV: V: VI = 3.33: 2.61: 1.88: 1.06: 1.15: 1.00 and width ratio = 1.87: 1.04: 1.00: 1.13: 1.35: 1.43.

REVIEW OF PELENOMUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 411 Pronotum (Fig. 13) 1.40–1.44 times wider than long, 0.34–0.41 times as long as and 0.55–0.63 times as wide as elytra, bearing a pair of tubercles at the middle of lateral sides. Dorsum deeply punctured, and with shallow median suture; basal margin serrate; apical margin moderately raised. Sides moderately rounded, widest at middle, weakly converging toward the subapical constriction. Scutellum subovate. Elytra (Fig. 13) heart shaped, 1.05–1.10 times longer than wide, 2.41–2.93 times longer and 1.57–1.81 times wider than pronotum; widest at humeri, subparallel in basal 2/3, then moderately convergent toward subapical calli. Intervals moderately convex, nearly two times wider than striae, all of almost the same width and height, each with 3–4 rows of large and acute squamate granules; striae moderately marked, with distinct punctures. Legs (Fig. 14) slender, procoxae separated by about the same width of basal rostrum; middle coxae separated by a distance equal to the apical width of rostrum. Femora clavate, without tooth; middle and hind femora more inflated than front femora; middle and hind tibiae with sharp mucro; tarsi moderate in length; claws appendiculate, inner branches separate. Prosternum simple, without prosternal canal. Venter (Fig. 15) coarsely and moderately densely punctured; ventrite I shallowly concave on disc; ventrite V with a small deep median concavity; length ratio of ventrites I: II: III: IV: V = 4.15: 2.44: 1.00: 1.05: 1.65 and width ratio =1.82: 1.49: 1.31: 1.20: 1.00. Pygidium (Fig. 16) 1.32 times wider than long, densely punctured. Sternite IX (Fig. 69) with spiculum gastrale relatively robust, widest in the median part, longer than the aedeagal body or its apodeme, bent leftward. Tegmen (Fig. 68) with apodeme raletively slender, nearly half as long as diameter of tegminal ring, subparallel along entire length, rounded at base. Aedeagal body (Figs. 65–67) broad, relatively thin in profile, moderately curved downward in the basal fourth, then slightly bent leftward at apex; sides gradually broadened from the base to middle, slightly narrowed to the basal 2/3, and broadened in the apical fifth, then strongly convergent apically; apical projection sharp at apex. Endophallus (Fig. 65) with numerous longitudinal dentiform spicules, and dense rounded spicules near the base. Female. LB: 2.29–2.69 mm (mean, 2.52 mm); LR: 0.47–0.57 mm (0.52 mm); WP: 0.82–1.02 mm (0.92 mm); LP: 0.57–0.70 mm (0.66 mm); WE: 1.42–1.68 mm (1.58 mm); LE: 1.44–1.76 mm (1.65 mm). N = 3 for all measurements. Rostrum (Figs. 35–36) shorter than pronotum, 0.75–0.83 times longer than pronotum. Pronotum 1.32–1.47 times wider than long. Elytra 1.01–1.07 times longer than wide. Tibiae not mucronate. Ventrites I and II moderately inflated and punctured; ventrite V slightly inflated without concavity. Pygidium 1.37 times wider than long. Sternite VIII (Fig. 70) with several minute setae near the apex; arms very wide, nearly 0.6 times as long as apodemes, nearly as long as the coxite and stylus combined, with inner margins broadly and shallowly arcuate, with outer margins broadly arcuate; apodemes strongly broadened at base. Coxites (Fig. 71) robust, nearly six times longer than styli; styli apicolaterally inserted, moderate in length, nearly two times longer than wide. Spermatheca (Fig. 72) with cornu robust, strongly curved; collum evenly and moderately convex; ramus weakly marked; insertions of the duct and gland close to each other. Otherwise practically as in male. Distribution. China (Liaoning, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou—new record; Fig. 88), Northeast Asia (Colonnelli, 2004). Specimens examined. LIAONING. 1 female, Xinjin, Mt. Huarshan, IOZ(E) 895194 (IZCAS); 1 male, Yichun, Wuying, Fenglin14-16, 20-VII-2008, J. Huang (ZAFU). ZHEJIANG. 2 males and 1 female, Pujiang, Yantou, Sanbushi, IOZ(E) 985831, 1027060, 1027112 (IZCAS); 2 males and 3 females, Lin’an, Mt. Qingliangfeng, 7-VIII-2008, J. Huang (ZAFU); 1 male, 150 m, Chun’an, Fuxi, 14-VII-2008 (ZAFU). FUJIAN. Jiangle, Mt. Longqishan: 1 female, 500 m, 13-VIII-1991, X. Zhang, IOZ(E) 895301 (IZCAS); 1 male and 1 female, 350 m, 30- V-1991, H. Li, IOZ(E) 895305–895306 (IZCAS). 4 males and 2 females, IV. 2005 (NIAES). JIANGXI. 1 female, Mt. Jiulianshan, Huangniushi, 27-IX-1979, Y. Chen, IOZ(E) 895637 (IZCAS). 19 males and 8 females, Yingtan, Mt. Longhushan, VIII. 2003, Li et al (NIAES). 7 males and 8 females, Zixi, Yangjialing, VIII. 2003, Wen et al (NIAES). HUNAN. 1 male, Pingjiang, Mt. Mupushan, 1600 m, bordering on Jiangxi, 12-VIII-2003, Li et al (NIAES). 1 male and 3 females, Mt. Hengshan, 1500 m, VIII. 2003, Li et al (NIAES). 1 female, Shimen, Mt. Hupingshan, 2000 m, 30-VI-1987, IOZ(E) 895670 (IZCAS). GUANGXI. 1 female, Jinxiu, Huawangshanzhuang, 20-V-1999, M. Gao, IOZ(E) 895097 (IZCAS). GUIZHOU. 1 male and 1 female, Leishan, Mt. Leigongshan, Xiaodanjiang, 31-V-2005, J. Huang, IOZ(E) 895674, 895674 (IZCAS). Biological notes. On Polygonum (Colonnelli, 2004). In August, 2012, a dozen adults were collected in Yujiaping, Mt. Longqishan, Fujian by sweeping in a moist bamboo forest (Figs. 84–85), where the dominant

412 · Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press YAN G ET AL. buckwheat weeds were mainly Polygonum muricatum Meisn., and peripherally Polygonum caespitosum Bl. and Antenoron filiforme (Thunb.) Rob. et Vaut. In addition, some species of the ceutorhynchine genera Rhinoncus Schoenherr, 1825 and Homorosoma Frivaldszky, 1894 were also found in the same site. Remarks. The species is a new record to China, where it is widely distributed in the east of the country. It is very close to P. quadricorniger in general appearance. For their differential diagnosis, see under the former species.

Pelenomus curvatus Yang & Huang, sp. nov. (Figs.17–20, 37–40, 73–81, 86–88)

Description. Male. LB: 2.14–2.59 mm (mean, 2.31 mm); LR: 0.42–0.50 mm (0.47) mm; WP: 0.78–0.81 mm (0.80 mm); LP: 0.48–0.56 mm (0.53 mm); WE: 1.21–1.37 mm(1.29 mm); LE: 1.34–1.56 mm (1.43 mm). N = 4 for all measurements. Body black; elytra shining; eyes and antennae reddish-brown; legs dark brown. Habitus as shown in Figs. 17 and 18. Vestiture fine. Head (Figs. 37–38) with moderately sparse dark brown linear scales on disc, and sparse white oval scales behind eyes; rostrum with dense brown hairlike scales. Pronotum (Fig. 17) with brown linear scales, plus white oval scales on basal part and lateral sides. Elytra (Fig. 17) with scutellar spot formed of white oval scales; intervals bearing 3–4 rows of dark brown linear scales; striae bearing a fine hairlike scale in each puncture. Underside (Figs. 18–19) covered with white oval scales. Legs (Fig. 6) moderately clothed with dense white linear scales. Pygidium (Fig. 20) with dense dark brown hairlike scales. Rostrum robust, 0.85–0.96 times longer than the pronotum. In dorsal view (Fig. 37), rostrum straight and almost parallel-sided, not widened at base and beyond the antennal insertion weakly widened towards apex; dorsal surface without median carina nor sulcus, with shallow elongate medium-sized punctures on each side, forming two to three lines of ill-defined wrinkles; apical part of rostrum smooth, shining, with sparse fine punctures. In lateral view (Fig. 38) rostrum slightly curved; dorsal outline slightly more strongly curved than the ventral one. Frons distinctly narrower than the base of rostrum, subparallel, not widened basally; frons and vertex uniformly covered with shallow medium-sized punctures. Antennae with scape 0.78 times as long as the funicle, length ratio of funicular segments I: II: III: IV: V: VI = 1.89: 1.71: 1.03: 1.26: 1.43: 1.00 and width ratio = 2.29: 1.00: 1.43: 1.62: 1.86: 2.10. Pronotum (Fig. 17) 1.44–1.65 times wider than long, 0.35–0.42 times as long as and 0.58–0.66 times as wide as elytra, bearing a pair of small tubercles at the middle of the lateral sides. Dorsum deeply punctured, and with shallow median suture; basal margin not serrate; apical margin moderately raised. Sides subparallel in basal half, weakly converging toward the subapical constriction. Scutellum subovate. Elytra (Fig. 17) 1.02–1.19 times longer than wide, 2.39–3.13 times longer and 1.51–1.74 times wider than pronotum, widest at humeri, subparallel in basal 3/4, then moderately convergent toward subapical calli. Intervals strongly convex, as wide as striae, bearing 3–4 rows of sparse acute granules; striae moderately marked, relatively deep, with distinct punctures. Legs (Fig. 18) slender, procoxae separated by about the width of basal rostrum; middle coxae separated by a distance equal to the apical width of rostrum. Femora clavate, without tooth; middle and hind femora normal, about the same size of front femora; middle and hind tibiae with fine mucro; tarsi moderate in length; claws appendiculate, inner branches separate. Prosternum simple, without prosternal canal. Venter (Fig. 19) coarsely and moderately densely punctured; ventrites I and II concave on the disc, ventrites V with a small median concavity; length ratio of ventrites I: II: III: IV: V = 4.47: 3.20: 1.11: 1.00: 1.35 and width ratio =1.56: 1.32: 1.10: 1.00: 1.84. Pygidium (Fig. 20) 1.18 times wider than long. Sternite IX (Fig. 77) with spiculum gastrale relatively slender, slightly longer than aedeagal body or its apodeme, bent leftward. Tegmen (Fig. 76) with the apodeme short and robust, nearly half as long as diameter of tegminal ring; sides of apodeme fully separated in basal half. Aedeagal body (Figs. 73–75) broad, strongly curved downward at apex; sides weakly narrowed from base to middle, slightly broadened to apical third, then gradually convergent apically; apical projection rounded at apex. Endophallus (Fig. 73) with sparse longitudinal dentiform spicules near the base, and a dentiform spiculate field in the middle. Female. LB: 2.21–2.60 mm (mean, 2.48 mm); LR: 0.49–0.53 mm (0.52 mm); WP: 0.80–0.84 mm (0.83 mm); LP: 0.51–0.62 mm (0.58 mm); WE: 1.26–1.45 mm (1.37 mm); LE: 1.37–1.63 mm (1.52 mm). N = 4 for all measurements.

REVIEW OF PELENOMUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 413 FIGURES 21–32. Heads of Pelenomus spp. (21–24) P. waltoni. (25–28) P. canaliculatus. (29–32) P. quadricorniger. (21–22, 25–26, 29–30) Male. (23–24, 27–28, 31–32) Female. (21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31) Dorsal view. (22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32) Lateral view. Scale bars: 0.50 mm.

414 · Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press YAN G ET AL. FIGURES 33–40. Heads of Pelenomus spp. (33–36) P. ro el of s i . (37–40) P. cu r vat u s. (33–34, 37–38) Male. (35–36, 39–40) Female. (33, 35, 37, 39) Dorsal view. (34, 36, 38, 40) Lateral view. Scale bars: 0.50 mm.

Rostrum (Figs. 39–40) shorter than pronotum, 0.86–0.96 times longer than pronotum. Pronotum 1.37–1.42 times wider than long. Elytra 1.04–1.18 times longer than wide. Tibiae not mucronate. Ventrite I and II moderately inflated and punctured; ventrite V slightly inflated, without concavity. Pygidium 1.57 times wider than long. Sternite VIII (Fig. 79) with several minute setae near the apex; arms wide, nearly 0.7 times as long as apodemes, nearly half as long as the coxite and stylus combined, with inner margins strongly arcuate, with outer margins broadly arcuate; apodemes weakly broadened at the base. Coxites (Fig. 80) robust, 1.5 times wider than long, nearly four times longer than styli; styli apicolaterally inserted, moderate in length, nearly three times longer than wide. Spermatheca (Fig. 81) with cornu robust, strongly curved; collum evenly and moderately convex; ramus less-marked; insertions of the duct and gland close to each other. Distribution. China (Yunnan; Fig. 88).

REVIEW OF PELENOMUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 415 FIGURES 41–48. Male and female genitalia of Pelenomus waltoni from Heilongjiang, China. (41–45) Male. (41) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (42) Apex of the aedeagal body, dorsal view. (43) Aedeagus, lateral view. (44) Tegmen. (45) Sternites IX. (46–48) Female. (46) Sternite VIII. (47) Coxite and stylus. (48) Spermatheca. Scale bar: 0.20 mm for 41–46, 0.10 mm for 47–48.

416 · Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press YAN G ET AL. FIGURES 49–56. Male and female genitalia of Pelenomus canaliculatus from Heilongjiang, China. (49–53) Male. (49) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (50) Apex of the aedeagal body, dorsal view. (51) Aedeagus, lateral view. (52) Tegmen. (53) Sternites IX. (54–56) Female. (54) Sternite VIII. (55) Coxite and stylus. (56) Spermatheca. Scale bar: 0.20 mm for 49–54, 0.10 mm for 55–56.

REVIEW OF PELENOMUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 417 FIGURES 57–64. Male and female genitalia of Pelenomus quadricorniger from Fujian, China. (57–61) Male. (57) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (58) Apex of the aedeagal body, dorsal view. (59) Aedeagus, lateral view. (60) Tegmen. (61) Sternites IX. (62–64) Female. (62) Sternite VIII. (63) Coxite and stylus. (64) Spermatheca. Scale bar: 0.20 mm for 57–62, 0.10 mm for 63–64.

Type Specimens. HOLOTYPE: male (ZAFU), [China: Yunnan] / Tengchong / Mangbang / Dahaoping / 2417 m / N 24°55.592′ E 98°45.148′ / 22-V-2009 / J. Huang / on Polygonum thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. / CU00001. PARATYPES: 2 males and 3 females, same data as holotype [CU00002–00006] (ZAFU); 1 female, Tengchong, Mangbang, Dahaoping, Taipingpu, 2259 m, N 24°57.569′ E 98°44.291′, 22-V-2009, J. Huang [CU00007] (ZAFU); 1 male, Tengchong, Beihai, Shuanghai vill, 1760 m, 29-V-2006, C. Yin, IOZ(E) 1803571 (IZCAS). Etymology. The species is named after its apically strongly curved aedeagal body, from the Latin adjective curvatus, meaning curved.

418 · Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press YAN G ET AL. FIGURES 65–72. Male and female genitalia of Pelenomus roelofsi from Zhejiang, China. (65–69) Male. (65) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (66) Apex of the aedeagal body, dorsal view. (67) Aedeagus, lateral view. (68) Tegmen. (69) Sternites IX. (70–72) Female. (70) Sternite VIII. (71) Coxite and stylus. (72) Spermatheca. Scale bar: 0.20 mm for 65–70, 0.10 mm for 71–72.

Biological note. Adults of this species were collected from Polygonum thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. in the semiaquatic rainforest habitat in Tengchong, Yunnan (Figs. 86–87). Remarks. The new species is close to P. roelofsi as shown by the black body, middle and hind tibiae mucronate and male ventrite V with small median concavity. Pelenomus curvatus differs from P. ro e lo fs i by the shining elytra, elytral intervals strongly convex and as wide as striae, and frons distinctly narrower than the base of rostrum, versus the quite opaque elytra, intervals moderately convex and much wider than striae, frons clearly narrower than the base of rostrum of P. ro e lo fs i. In addition, the strongly curved aedeagal body is unique among the Chinese Pelenomus.

REVIEW OF PELENOMUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 419 FIGURES 73–81. Male and female genitalia of Pelenomus curvatus from Yunnan, China. (73–77) Male. (73) Aedeagus, dorsal view. (74) Apex of the aedeagal body, dorsal view. (75) Aedeagus, lateral view. (76) Tegmen. (77) Sternites IX. (78–81) Female. (78) Terminalia. (79) Sternite VIII. (80) Coxite and stylus. (81) Spermatheca. Scale bar: 0.20 mm for 73–79, 0.10 mm for 80–81.

420 · Zootaxa 3652 (4) © 2013 Magnolia Press YAN G ET AL. FIGURES 82–87. (82–83) Pelenomus quadricorniger. (82) Adult food plant, Polygonum hastato-sagittatum Mak. (83) Habitat in Shipaichang, Mt. Longqishan, Jiangle, Fujian, China. (84–85) Pelenomus roelofsi. (84) Adult food plant, Polygonum muricatum Meisn. (85) Habitat in Yujiaping, Mt. Longqishan, Jiangle, Fujian, China. (86–87) Pelenomus curvatus sp. nov. (86) Adult food plant, Polygonum thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (87) Habitat in Dahaoping, Mangbang, Tengchong, Yunnan, China.

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Enzo Colonnelli (Rome), Dr. Hiraku Yoshitake (National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Japan) and Dr. Ki-Jeong Hong (National Plant Quarantine Service, Korea) for their generous help with this study. We also thank Dr. Ren Li and Ms. Ni Yang (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) for preparing the specimens on loan. Thanks are also given to our colleagues from Zhejiang A & F University, Ms. Dandan Ma for her identification of the host plants, and Mr. Kai Shi and Mr. Jun Xu for their assistance during the field surveys. This study was supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. Y3090145).

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