Manufacturing in the Age of Digital Transformation
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Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Human Activities
4 Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Human Activities CO-CHAIRS D. Kupfer (Germany, Fed. Rep.) R. Karimanzira (Zimbabwe) CONTENTS AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND OTHER HUMAN ACTIVITIES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 77 4.1 INTRODUCTION 85 4.2 FOREST RESPONSE STRATEGIES 87 4.2.1 Special Issues on Boreal Forests 90 4.2.1.1 Introduction 90 4.2.1.2 Carbon Sinks of the Boreal Region 90 4.2.1.3 Consequences of Climate Change on Emissions 90 4.2.1.4 Possibilities to Refix Carbon Dioxide: A Case Study 91 4.2.1.5 Measures and Policy Options 91 4.2.1.5.1 Forest Protection 92 4.2.1.5.2 Forest Management 92 4.2.1.5.3 End Uses and Biomass Conversion 92 4.2.2 Special Issues on Temperate Forests 92 4.2.2.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Temperate Forests 92 4.2.2.2 Global Warming: Impacts and Effects on Temperate Forests 93 4.2.2.3 Costs of Forestry Countermeasures 93 4.2.2.4 Constraints on Forestry Measures 94 4.2.3 Special Issues on Tropical Forests 94 4.2.3.1 Introduction to Tropical Deforestation and Climatic Concerns 94 4.2.3.2 Forest Carbon Pools and Forest Cover Statistics 94 4.2.3.3 Estimates of Current Rates of Forest Loss 94 4.2.3.4 Patterns and Causes of Deforestation 95 4.2.3.5 Estimates of Current Emissions from Forest Land Clearing 97 4.2.3.6 Estimates of Future Forest Loss and Emissions 98 4.2.3.7 Strategies to Reduce Emissions: Types of Response Options 99 4.2.3.8 Policy Options 103 75 76 IPCC RESPONSE STRATEGIES WORKING GROUP REPORTS 4.3 AGRICULTURE RESPONSE STRATEGIES 105 4.3.1 Summary of Agricultural Emissions of Greenhouse Gases 105 4.3.2 Measures and -
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 291 936 CE 049 788 Manufacturing
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 291 936 CE 049 788 TITLE Manufacturing Materials and Processes. Grade 11-12. Course #8165 (Semester). Technology Education Course Guide. Industrial Arts/Technology Education. INSTITUTION North Carolina State Dept. of Public Instruction, Raleigh. Lily. of Vocational Education. PUB DATE 88 NOTE 119p.; For related documents, see CE 049 780-794. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE Mr01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Assembly (Manufacturing); Behavioral Objectives; Ceramics; Grade 11; Grade 12; High Schools; *Industrial Arts; Learning Activities; Learning Modules; Lesson Plans; *Manufacturing; *Manufacturing Industry; Metals; Poly:iers; State Curriculum Guides; *Technology IDENTIFIERS North Carolina ABSTRACT . This guide is intended for use in teaching an introductory course in manufacturing materials and processes. The course centers around four basic materials--metallics, polymers, ceramics, and composites--and seven manufacturing processes--casting, forming, molding, separating, conditioning, assembling, and finishing. Concepts and classifications of material conversion, fundamental manufacturing materials and processes, and the main types of manufacturing materials are discussed in the first section. A course content outline is provided in the second section. The remainder of the guide consists of learning modules on the following topics: manufacturing materials and processes, the nature of manufacturing materials, testing materials, casting and molding materials, forming materials, separating materials, conditioning processes, assembling processes, finishing processes, and methods of evaluating and analyzing products. Each module includes information about the length of time needed to complete the module, an introduction to the instructional content to be covered in class, performance objectives, a day-by-day outline of student learning activities, related diagrams and drawings, and lists of suggested textbooks and references. -
P07 Supporting the Transformation of Forest Industry to Biorefineries Soucy
Supporting the Transformation of Forest Industry to Biorefineries and Bioeconomy IEA Joint Biorefinery Workshop, May 16th 2017, Gothenburg, Sweden Eric Soucy Director, Industrial Systems Opmizaon CanmetENERGY © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as Represented by the Minister of Natural Resources Canada, 2017 1 CanmetENERGY Three Scientific Laboratories across Canada CanmetENERGY is the principal Areas of FoCus: performer of federal non- § Buildings energy efficiency nuclear energy science & § Industrial processes technology (S&T): § Integraon of renewable & § Fossil fuels (oil sands and heavy distributed energy oil processing; Oght oil and gas); resources § Energy efficiency and improved § RETScreen Internaonal industrial processes; § Clean electricity; Varennes § Buildings and CommuniOes; and § Bioenergy and renewables. Areas of FoCus: § Oil sands & heavy oil processes § Tight oil & gas Areas of FoCus: § Oil spill recovery & § Buildings & Communies response § Industrial processes § Clean fossil fuels Devon § Bioenergy § Renewables OWawa 2 3 3 4 4 CanmetENERGY-Varennes Industrial Systems Optimization (ISO) Program SYSTEM ANALYSIS SOFTWARE SERVICES Research INTEGRATION EXPLORE TRAINING Identify heat recovery Discover the power of Attend workshops with opportunties in your data to improve world class experts Knowledge plant operation Knowledg Industrial e Transfer projects COGEN I-BIOREF KNOWLEDGE Maximize revenues Access to publications Evaluate biorefinery from cogeneration and industrial case strategies systems studies 5 Process Optimization -
High Efficiency Modular Chemical Processes (HEMCP)
ADVANCED MANUFACTURING OFFICE High Efficiency Modular Chemical Dickson Ozokwelu, Technology Manager Processes (HEMCP) Advanced Manufacturing Office September 27, 2014 Modular Process Intensification - Framework for R&D Targets 1 | Advanced Manufacturing Office Presentation Outline 1. What is Process Intensification? 2. DOE’s !pproach to Process Intensification 3. Opportunity for Cross-Cutting High-Impact Research 4. Goals of the Process Intensification Institute 5. Addressing the 5 EERE Core Questions 2 | Advanced Manufacturing Office What is Process Intensification (PI)? Rethinking existing operation schemes into ones that are both more precise and more efficient than existing operations Resulting in… • Smaller equipment, reduced number of process steps • Reduced plant size and complexity • Modularity may replace scale up • Reduced feedstock consumption – getting more from less • Reduced pollution, energy use, capital and operating costs 3 | Advanced Manufacturing Office Vision of the Process Intensification Institute This institute will bring together US corporations, national laboratories and universities to collaborate in development of next generation, innovative, simple, modular, ultra energy efficient manufacturing technologies to enhance US global competitiveness, and positively affect the economy and job creation “This institute will provide the shared assets to Create the foundation to continue PI development and help companies, most importantly small PI equipment manufacturing in the U.S. and support manufacturers, access the -
EPA's Guide for Industrial Waste Management
Guide for Industrial Waste Management Protecting Land Ground Water Surface Water Air Building Partnerships Introduction EPA’s Guide for Industrial Waste Management Introduction Welcome to EPA’s Guide for Industrial Waste Management. The pur- pose of the Guide is to provide facility managers, state and tribal regulators, and the interested public with recommendations and tools to better address the management of land-disposed, non-haz- ardous industrial wastes. The Guide can help facility managers make environmentally responsible decisions while working in partnership with state and tribal regulators and the public. It can serve as a handy implementation reference tool for regulators to complement existing programs and help address any gaps. The Guide can also help the public become more informed and more knowledgeable in addressing waste management issues in the community. In the Guide, you will find: • Considerations for siting industrial waste management units • Methods for characterizing waste constituents • Fact sheets and Web sites with information about individual waste constituents • Tools to assess risks that might be posed by the wastes • Principles for building stakeholder partnerships • Opportunities for waste minimization • Guidelines for safe unit design • Procedures for monitoring surface water, air, and ground water • Recommendations for closure and post-closure care Each year, approximately 7.6 billion tons of industrial solid waste are generated and disposed of at a broad spectrum of American industrial facilities. State, tribal, and some local governments have regulatory responsibility for ensuring proper management of these wastes, and their pro- grams vary considerably. In an effort to establish a common set of industrial waste management guidelines, EPA and state and tribal representatives came together in a partnership and developed the framework for this voluntary Guide. -
CLIMATE IMPACTS of INDUSTRIAL FOREST PRACTICES in NORTH CAROLINA Synthesis of Best Available Science and Implications for Forest Carbon Policy
CLIMATE IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL FOREST PRACTICES IN NORTH CAROLINA Synthesis of best available science and implications for forest carbon policy PART 1—SEPTEMBER 2019 PREPARED FOR DOGWOOD ALLIANCE BY Dr. John Talberth, Senior Economist Center for Sustainable Economy 2420 NE Sandy Blvd. Portland, OR 97232 (503) 657-7336 [email protected] With research support from Sam Davis, Ph.D. and Liana Olson CONTENTS Summary and key findings ....................................... 3 How industrial forest practices disrupt nature’s forest carbon cycle .................................... 5 IMPACT 1 Reduction in forest carbon storage in land ....................... 7 IMPACT 2 Greenhouse gas emissions from logging and wood products ...... 11 IMPACT 3 Loss of carbon sequestration capacity .......................... 21 Concluding thoughts ........................................... 25 CLIMATE IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL FOREST PRACTICES IN NORTH CAROLINA 1 Industrial logging and wood product manufacturing emit enormous quantities of greenhouse gases. A wetland forest clearcut near Woodland, NC to feed a nearby Enviva wood pellet facility. SUMMARY AND KEY FINDINGS Each year, roughly 201,000 acres of forestland in North Carolina are clearcut to feed global markets for wood pellets, lumber, and other industrial forest products. Roughly 2.5 billion board feet of softwood and hardwood sawtimber are extracted annually, an amount equivalent to over 500,000 log truckloads.1 The climate impacts of this intensive activity are often ignored in climate policy discussions because of flawed greenhouse gas accounting and the misconception that the timber industry is carbon neutral. The reality, however, is that industrial logging and wood product manufacturing emit enormous quantities of greenhouse gases and have significantly depleted the amount of carbon sequestered and stored on the land. -
Thermodynamics of Manufacturing Processes—The Workpiece and the Machinery
inventions Article Thermodynamics of Manufacturing Processes—The Workpiece and the Machinery Jude A. Osara Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Texas at Austin, EnHeGi Research and Engineering, Austin, TX 78712, USA; [email protected] Received: 27 March 2019; Accepted: 10 May 2019; Published: 15 May 2019 Abstract: Considered the world’s largest industry, manufacturing transforms billions of raw materials into useful products. Like all real processes and systems, manufacturing processes and equipment are subject to the first and second laws of thermodynamics and can be modeled via thermodynamic formulations. This article presents a simple thermodynamic model of a manufacturing sub-process or task, assuming multiple tasks make up the entire process. For example, to manufacture a machined component such as an aluminum gear, tasks include cutting the original shaft into gear blanks of desired dimensions, machining the gear teeth, surfacing, etc. The formulations presented here, assessing the workpiece and the machinery via entropy generation, apply to hand-crafting. However, consistent isolation and measurement of human energy changes due to food intake and work output alone pose a significant challenge; hence, this discussion focuses on standardized product-forming processes typically via machine fabrication. Keywords: thermodynamics; manufacturing; product formation; entropy; Helmholtz energy; irreversibility 1. Introduction Industrial processes—manufacturing or servicing—involve one or more forms of electrical, mechanical, chemical (including nuclear), and thermal energy conversion processes. For a manufactured component, an interpretation of the first law of thermodynamics indicates that the internal energy content of the component is the energy that formed the product [1]. Cursorily, this sums all the work that goes into the manufacturing process from electrical to mechanical, chemical, and thermal power consumption by the manufacturing equipment. -
Using Environmental Forensic Microscopy in Exposure Science
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2008) 18, 20–30 r 2008 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 1559-0631/08/$30.00 www.nature.com/jes Using environmental forensic microscopy in exposure science JAMES R. MILLETTE, RICHARD S. BROWN AND WHITNEY B. HILL MVA Scientific Consultants, 3300 Breckinridge Blvd, Suite 400, Duluth, Georgia, USA Environmental forensic microscopy investigations are based on the methods and procedures developed in the fields of criminal forensics, industrial hygiene and environmental monitoring. Using a variety of microscopes and techniques, the environmental forensic scientist attempts to reconstructthe sources and the extent of exposure based on the physical evidence left behind after particles are exchanged between an individual and the environmentshe or she passes through. This article describes how environmental forensic microscopy uses procedures developed for environmental monitoring, criminal forensics and industrial hygiene investigations. It provides key references to the interdisciplinary approach used in microscopic investigations. Case studies dealing with lead, asbestos, glass fibers and other particulate contaminants are used to illustrate how environmental forensic microscopy can be veryuseful in the initial stages of a variety of environmental exposure characterization efforts to eliminate some agents of concern and to narrow the field of possible sources of exposure. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2008) 18, 20–30; doi:10.1038/sj.jes.7500613; published online 7 November 2007 Keywords: dust, particulate, soil, indoor environment, exchange principle. Introduction microscopy procedures used in comparing physical evidence including dust and specific particle types such as hairs, fibers Dust can be used as a metric for residential and building and mineral grains have been presented by Palenik (1988), exposure assessment and source characterization (Lioy et al., Saferstein (1995, 2006) and Petraco and Kubic (2003). -
Redalyc.Developing and Evolution of Industrial Engineering and Its Paper
Ingeniería y Competitividad ISSN: 0123-3033 [email protected] Universidad del Valle Colombia Mendoza-Chacón, Jaime H.; Ramírez-Bolaños, John F.; Floréz-Obceno, Hemilé S.; Diáz- Castro, Jesús D. Developing and evolution of industrial engineering and its paper in education Ingeniería y Competitividad, vol. 18, núm. 2, 2016, pp. 89-99 Universidad del Valle Cali, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=291346311008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Ingeniería Y Competitividad, Volumen 18, No. 2, P. 89 - 100 (2016) INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING Developing and evolution of industrial engineering and its paper in education INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL Desarrollo y evolución de la ingeniería industrial y su papel en la educación Jaime H. Mendoza-Chacón*, John F. Ramírez-Bolaños*, Hemilé S. Floréz-Obceno*, Jesús D. Diáz-Castro* *Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial, Fundación Universitaria de Popayán. Popayán, Colombia. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (Recibido: Octubre 09 de 2015 – Aceptado: Marzo 18 de 2016) Abstract Professionals with knowledge of industrial processes to ensure the best performance of the companies arisen in order to response to the needs of a society that constantly adapts and changes facing nature. This paper intended to show a vision of engineering through a literature review from its birth to what could be in its future; particularly the role of industrial engineering in education, based on articles from authors who have already researched and written on this subject, whose main conclusion is that the Industrial Engineering must be more participative regarding the institutionalism represented by universities, the company with its determining factor in society and the welfare of the population. -
21 Microscopy and X-Ray-Based Analytical Techniques For
Microscopy and 21 X-Ray-Based Analytical Techniques for Identifying Mineral Scales and Deposits Valerie P. Woodward and Zahid Amjad contents 21.1. Introduction...................................................................................................387 21.2. Analytical.Techniques.for.Identifying.Mineral.Scales.and.Deposits............388 21.2.1. Optical.Microscopy...........................................................................389 21.2.2. Scanning.Electron.Microscopy......................................................... 391 21.2.3. Energy.Dispersive.X-Ray.Spectrometry.Analysis............................. 395 21.2.4. Wide-Angle.X-Ray.Diffraction......................................................... 398 21.3. Particle.Size.Analysis....................................................................................403 21.4. Other.Analytical.Techniques.........................................................................404 21.5. Summary.......................................................................................................404 References...............................................................................................................405 21.1 IntroductIon In.many.industrial.processes,.the.feedwater.used.contains.mixtures.of.dissolved.ions. that.are.unstable.with.respect.to.precipitation..Various.factors.such.as.pH,.tempera- ture,.type.and.concentration.of.dissolved.ions,.flow.velocity,.and.equipment.met- allurgy.contribute.to.the.precipitation.and.deposition.of.sparingly.soluble.salts.on. -
Selected Industrial Processes Which Require Low Temperature Heat
Selected industrial processes which require low temperature heat dr. Vlasta KRMELJ, Dipl.Ing. Energy agency of Podavje, Slovenia [email protected] Source: http://energy-in-industry.joanneum.at Low temperature processes Bleaching in Textile industry • Bleaching is applied to remove pigments and natural dyes that are in the fibres and give a sort of coloration. When the material has to be dyed in dark colours it can be directly dyed without need of bleaching (BAT for the Textiles Industry, July 2003). • Bleaching can be carried out as a single treatment or in combination with other treatments (e.g. bleaching/scouring or bleaching/scouring/desizing can be carried out as single operations). Bleaching in Textile industry-2 • Operating temperatures can vary over a wide range from ambient to high temperature. Nonetheless, a good bleaching action occurs when operating at around 60 – 90 ºC. • There is a strong correlation between water and energy use in textile bleaching, since a high proportion of the energy is used for heating wash water. Thus by reducing the water consumption of a bleach range significant savings in energy can also be realized. Washing in Textile industry-3 • Washing is used to remove impurities from the surface of fibres, yarns and fabrics. • Washing is a finishing process applied to fibres, yarns and fabrics. Dry cleaning is especially used for delicate fibres (BAT for the Textiles Industry, July 2003). • Washing and rinsing are two of the most common operations in the textile industry. Optimisation of washing efficiency can conserve significant amounts of water and energy. Washing in Textile industry -4 • Washing is normally carried out in hot water (40-100°C) in the presence of wetting agent and detergent. -
Oil Shale Development in the United States: Prospects and Policy Issues
INFRASTRUCTURE, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENT THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CHILD POLICY a public service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY organization providing objective analysis and POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY the public and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND Support RAND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Oil Shale Development in the United States Prospects and Policy Issues James T. Bartis, Tom LaTourrette, Lloyd Dixon, D.J. Peterson, Gary Cecchine Prepared for the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy The research described in this report was conducted within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE), a division of the RAND Corporation, for the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S.