Appendix A: Oil and Gas NEI Sccs
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General Characteristics of the Petroleum Industry and Its Price Problems
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Price Research in the Steel and Petroleum Industries Volume Author/Editor: Committee on Price Research Volume Publisher: NBER Volume ISBN: 0-87014-189-9 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/unkn39-3 Publication Date: 1939 Chapter Title: General Characteristics of the Petroleum Industry and Its Price Problems Chapter Author: Committee on Price Research Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c5803 Chapter pages in book: (p. 82 - 94) 82 PART TWO state at the outset some of the limits of our inquiry as we have conceived it. The industrial field covered is indicated in Chapter II. It might be summarily described as the whole sequence of processes from exploration for oil to the deliv- ery of refined petroleum products to consumers. Within this field we have conceived it to be our respon- sibility not only to canvass the available statistical data upon current prices and costs (Chapter III), but also to examine critically the meaning, adequacy and reliability of these data and to suggest ways in which they might well be supplemented (Chapter IV). As we understand it, we were not called upon to make detailed investigations or tests of existing price information to verify our judgment of its character. Much less was it within our conception of the assignment to attempt the assembly of any concrete data not now available. Nor were we charged with making new applications of such data as we now have. In Chapter V we confine ourselves simply to outlining certain projects of inquiry which in our judgment should prove fruitful, and the more fruitful so far as the statistics of the industry's operations are made more adequate and reliable by sup- plementing existing compilations along the lines suggested in Chapter IV. -
The Petroleum Find: Its Possible Impact on the Agricultural Sector In
TheLawson Petroleum et al: Petroleum find: Find: possible Its impact Possible on the agricultural Impact sector in on Ghana the Agricultural45 Sector in Ghana: The Role of Soil Science I. Y. D. Lawson*, S. G. K. Adiku and S. K. A. Danso Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The opportunities the petroleum industry present comes with challenges that Ghana needs not to overlook. It is globally accepted that petroleum find is usually associated with the economic situation dubbed “Dutch disease”, whereby, the over-expectation of rewards from oil revenues diminish the attention paid to other sectors of the economy. The paper examines the potential impacts of the petroleum discovery in Ghana on its agricultural sector and the role of soil science in minimizing adverse effects. The agricultural sector is likely to lose its recognition as the backbone of the economy due to the discovery of petroleum in commercial quantities and having recently been overtaken by the service sector. An impact of the oil find could be the high risk of the agricultural sector losing its potential labour force to the petroleum industry. There is also the fear of neglect of the agricultural sector in future similar to what happened in some countries that experienced petroleum boom. Oil spillage could pollute farmlands, and gas flaring without temperature or emission control could pollute the air and release unacceptably high levels of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. There could be resettlement of farming communities and farmlands because of the fear of spillage and destruction of lands by oil and gas operations. -
Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Human Activities
4 Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Human Activities CO-CHAIRS D. Kupfer (Germany, Fed. Rep.) R. Karimanzira (Zimbabwe) CONTENTS AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND OTHER HUMAN ACTIVITIES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 77 4.1 INTRODUCTION 85 4.2 FOREST RESPONSE STRATEGIES 87 4.2.1 Special Issues on Boreal Forests 90 4.2.1.1 Introduction 90 4.2.1.2 Carbon Sinks of the Boreal Region 90 4.2.1.3 Consequences of Climate Change on Emissions 90 4.2.1.4 Possibilities to Refix Carbon Dioxide: A Case Study 91 4.2.1.5 Measures and Policy Options 91 4.2.1.5.1 Forest Protection 92 4.2.1.5.2 Forest Management 92 4.2.1.5.3 End Uses and Biomass Conversion 92 4.2.2 Special Issues on Temperate Forests 92 4.2.2.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Temperate Forests 92 4.2.2.2 Global Warming: Impacts and Effects on Temperate Forests 93 4.2.2.3 Costs of Forestry Countermeasures 93 4.2.2.4 Constraints on Forestry Measures 94 4.2.3 Special Issues on Tropical Forests 94 4.2.3.1 Introduction to Tropical Deforestation and Climatic Concerns 94 4.2.3.2 Forest Carbon Pools and Forest Cover Statistics 94 4.2.3.3 Estimates of Current Rates of Forest Loss 94 4.2.3.4 Patterns and Causes of Deforestation 95 4.2.3.5 Estimates of Current Emissions from Forest Land Clearing 97 4.2.3.6 Estimates of Future Forest Loss and Emissions 98 4.2.3.7 Strategies to Reduce Emissions: Types of Response Options 99 4.2.3.8 Policy Options 103 75 76 IPCC RESPONSE STRATEGIES WORKING GROUP REPORTS 4.3 AGRICULTURE RESPONSE STRATEGIES 105 4.3.1 Summary of Agricultural Emissions of Greenhouse Gases 105 4.3.2 Measures and -
Future Strategies for Promoting Tourism and Petroleum Heritage in Khuzestan Province, Iran
Future strategies for promoting tourism and petroleum heritage in Khuzestan Province, Iran Sahar Amirkhani, Neda Torabi Farsani and Homa Moazzen Jamshidi Abstract Sahar Amirkhani and Purpose – Industrial tourism not only strives to preserve industrial heritage, but can also be a strategy for being Neda Torabi Farsani are both familiar with the history of industry and attracting tourists to new destinations. This paper examines the issue of based at the Department of promoting petroleum industrial tourism in the case of Khuzestan, Iran. The research aims at determining Museum and Tourism, Art appropriate strategies for promoting petroleum industrial tourism. University of Isfahan, – Design/methodology/approach The data were analysed through a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, Isfahan, Iran. and threats (SWOT) model. Homa Moazzen Jamshidi is Findings – The results revealed the competitive strategy as the best. Lastly, strategies such as: concentric based at the Department of diversification, joint venture strategy, conglomerate diversification and horizontal diversification were proposed Economics and Arts as key solutions. The results support the view that establishing an exploratory ecomuseum in the territory of Entrepreneurship, Art Khuzestan Province can be a suitable concentric diversification strategy towards petroleum industrial sustainable tourism in the future. University of Isfahan, Originality/value – The main originality of this paper includes linking tourism with the petroleum (oil and natural Isfahan, Iran. gas) industry -
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 291 936 CE 049 788 Manufacturing
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 291 936 CE 049 788 TITLE Manufacturing Materials and Processes. Grade 11-12. Course #8165 (Semester). Technology Education Course Guide. Industrial Arts/Technology Education. INSTITUTION North Carolina State Dept. of Public Instruction, Raleigh. Lily. of Vocational Education. PUB DATE 88 NOTE 119p.; For related documents, see CE 049 780-794. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE Mr01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Assembly (Manufacturing); Behavioral Objectives; Ceramics; Grade 11; Grade 12; High Schools; *Industrial Arts; Learning Activities; Learning Modules; Lesson Plans; *Manufacturing; *Manufacturing Industry; Metals; Poly:iers; State Curriculum Guides; *Technology IDENTIFIERS North Carolina ABSTRACT . This guide is intended for use in teaching an introductory course in manufacturing materials and processes. The course centers around four basic materials--metallics, polymers, ceramics, and composites--and seven manufacturing processes--casting, forming, molding, separating, conditioning, assembling, and finishing. Concepts and classifications of material conversion, fundamental manufacturing materials and processes, and the main types of manufacturing materials are discussed in the first section. A course content outline is provided in the second section. The remainder of the guide consists of learning modules on the following topics: manufacturing materials and processes, the nature of manufacturing materials, testing materials, casting and molding materials, forming materials, separating materials, conditioning processes, assembling processes, finishing processes, and methods of evaluating and analyzing products. Each module includes information about the length of time needed to complete the module, an introduction to the instructional content to be covered in class, performance objectives, a day-by-day outline of student learning activities, related diagrams and drawings, and lists of suggested textbooks and references. -
P07 Supporting the Transformation of Forest Industry to Biorefineries Soucy
Supporting the Transformation of Forest Industry to Biorefineries and Bioeconomy IEA Joint Biorefinery Workshop, May 16th 2017, Gothenburg, Sweden Eric Soucy Director, Industrial Systems Opmizaon CanmetENERGY © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as Represented by the Minister of Natural Resources Canada, 2017 1 CanmetENERGY Three Scientific Laboratories across Canada CanmetENERGY is the principal Areas of FoCus: performer of federal non- § Buildings energy efficiency nuclear energy science & § Industrial processes technology (S&T): § Integraon of renewable & § Fossil fuels (oil sands and heavy distributed energy oil processing; Oght oil and gas); resources § Energy efficiency and improved § RETScreen Internaonal industrial processes; § Clean electricity; Varennes § Buildings and CommuniOes; and § Bioenergy and renewables. Areas of FoCus: § Oil sands & heavy oil processes § Tight oil & gas Areas of FoCus: § Oil spill recovery & § Buildings & Communies response § Industrial processes § Clean fossil fuels Devon § Bioenergy § Renewables OWawa 2 3 3 4 4 CanmetENERGY-Varennes Industrial Systems Optimization (ISO) Program SYSTEM ANALYSIS SOFTWARE SERVICES Research INTEGRATION EXPLORE TRAINING Identify heat recovery Discover the power of Attend workshops with opportunties in your data to improve world class experts Knowledge plant operation Knowledg Industrial e Transfer projects COGEN I-BIOREF KNOWLEDGE Maximize revenues Access to publications Evaluate biorefinery from cogeneration and industrial case strategies systems studies 5 Process Optimization -
LA Petroleum Industry Facts
February 2000 Louisiana Petroleum Public Information Series No.2 Industry Facts 1934 First oil well of commercial quantities Deepest producing well in Louisiana: Texaco-SL urvey discovered in the state: 4666-1, November 1969, Caillou Island, The Heywood #1 Jules Clement well, drilled near Terrebonne Parish, 21,924 feet total depth Evangeline, Louisiana, in Acadia Parish, which S was drilled to a depth of approximately 1,700 Existing oil or gas fields as of December 31, feet in September 1901 (counties are called 1998: 1,775 Reserves “parishes” in Louisiana). Crude oil and condensate oil produced from First oil field discovered: Jennings Field, Acadia 1901 to 1998: 16,563,234,543 barrels Parish, September 1901 Crude oil and condensate produced in 1998: First over-water drilling in America: 132,376,274 barrels Caddo Lake near Shreveport, Louisiana, (Source: Louisiana Department of Natural Resources.) circa 1905 Natural gas and casinghead gas produced from First natural gas pipeline laid in Louisiana: 1901 to 1998: 144,452,229,386 thousand Caddo Field to Shreveport in 1908 cubic feet (MFC) Largest natural gas field in Louisiana: Natural gas produced in 1998: 1,565,921,421 Monroe Field, which was discovered in 1916 thousand cubic feet (MFC) (Source: Louisiana Department of Natural Resources.) Number of salt domes: 204 are known to exist, eological 77 of which are located offshore Dry Natural Gas Proven Reserves 1997 North Louisiana 3,093 billion cubic feet Parishes producing oil or gas: All 64 of South Louisiana 5,585 billion cubic feet Louisiana’s -
High Efficiency Modular Chemical Processes (HEMCP)
ADVANCED MANUFACTURING OFFICE High Efficiency Modular Chemical Dickson Ozokwelu, Technology Manager Processes (HEMCP) Advanced Manufacturing Office September 27, 2014 Modular Process Intensification - Framework for R&D Targets 1 | Advanced Manufacturing Office Presentation Outline 1. What is Process Intensification? 2. DOE’s !pproach to Process Intensification 3. Opportunity for Cross-Cutting High-Impact Research 4. Goals of the Process Intensification Institute 5. Addressing the 5 EERE Core Questions 2 | Advanced Manufacturing Office What is Process Intensification (PI)? Rethinking existing operation schemes into ones that are both more precise and more efficient than existing operations Resulting in… • Smaller equipment, reduced number of process steps • Reduced plant size and complexity • Modularity may replace scale up • Reduced feedstock consumption – getting more from less • Reduced pollution, energy use, capital and operating costs 3 | Advanced Manufacturing Office Vision of the Process Intensification Institute This institute will bring together US corporations, national laboratories and universities to collaborate in development of next generation, innovative, simple, modular, ultra energy efficient manufacturing technologies to enhance US global competitiveness, and positively affect the economy and job creation “This institute will provide the shared assets to Create the foundation to continue PI development and help companies, most importantly small PI equipment manufacturing in the U.S. and support manufacturers, access the -
EPA's Guide for Industrial Waste Management
Guide for Industrial Waste Management Protecting Land Ground Water Surface Water Air Building Partnerships Introduction EPA’s Guide for Industrial Waste Management Introduction Welcome to EPA’s Guide for Industrial Waste Management. The pur- pose of the Guide is to provide facility managers, state and tribal regulators, and the interested public with recommendations and tools to better address the management of land-disposed, non-haz- ardous industrial wastes. The Guide can help facility managers make environmentally responsible decisions while working in partnership with state and tribal regulators and the public. It can serve as a handy implementation reference tool for regulators to complement existing programs and help address any gaps. The Guide can also help the public become more informed and more knowledgeable in addressing waste management issues in the community. In the Guide, you will find: • Considerations for siting industrial waste management units • Methods for characterizing waste constituents • Fact sheets and Web sites with information about individual waste constituents • Tools to assess risks that might be posed by the wastes • Principles for building stakeholder partnerships • Opportunities for waste minimization • Guidelines for safe unit design • Procedures for monitoring surface water, air, and ground water • Recommendations for closure and post-closure care Each year, approximately 7.6 billion tons of industrial solid waste are generated and disposed of at a broad spectrum of American industrial facilities. State, tribal, and some local governments have regulatory responsibility for ensuring proper management of these wastes, and their pro- grams vary considerably. In an effort to establish a common set of industrial waste management guidelines, EPA and state and tribal representatives came together in a partnership and developed the framework for this voluntary Guide. -
Program Review
Post-Audit Review For Occupational Programs Implemented Under the Provisions of Series 37 West Virginia Council for Community and Technical College Education Institution: _Pierpont Community & Technical College_ Program (Degree and Title): _CAS and AAS Petroleum Technology_ I. INTRODUCTION The Associate in Applied Science (AAS) degree in Petroleum Technology provides curriculum to prepare students for mid-level positions in the petroleum industry as technicians working in gas and oil production, gas transmission, field services, and drilling. This is a cooperative program with the West Virginia Petroleum Industry and WV Northern CC. General education and specific applied technical courses provide students with a variety of educational activities and experiences through lecture, discussion, learning activities and realistic hands-on laboratory assignments. Embedded within the AAS program is a 30 credit hour Certificate in Applied Science (CAS) degree, that is completed within the first two semesters of the AAS program. The programs attracts approximately double the number of non-tradition students when compared to traditional aged (less than 24) students. These open enrollment programs build teamwork and provide a learning environment that enhances future employment. In addition, students have the option of completing a paid summer internship with various West Virginia petroleum companies between their freshman and sophomore year, further enhancing their skills and knowledge in real-world workplace scenarios. Although the required wage minimum for an internship position is $10 an hours, wages have ranged from $11 to $16 an hour. The US DOL predicts from 2012-2022 a 15% growth in the field nationwide. Pierpont has a 2+2 articulation agreement with Alderson Broaddus (A-B), all 60 credit hours are accepted into the Petroleum Management program at A-B. -
Study of Selected Petroleum Refining Residuals
STUDY OF SELECTED PETROLEUM REFINING RESIDUALS INDUSTRY STUDY Part 1 August 1996 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Solid Waste Hazardous Waste Identification Division 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Number 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................... 1 1.2 OTHER EPA REGULATORY PROGRAMS IMPACTING THE PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY ............................. 2 1.3 INDUSTRY STUDY FINDINGS .................................. 3 2.0 INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION ........................................... 8 2.1 PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY PROFILE ..................... 8 2.2 INDUSTRY STUDY ........................................... 10 2.2.1 Site Selection ......................................... 11 2.2.2 Engineering Site Visits .................................. 13 2.2.3 RCRA §3007 Questionnaire .............................. 13 2.2.4 Familiarization Sampling ................................ 14 2.2.5 Record Sampling ....................................... 15 2.2.6 Split Samples Analyzed by API ........................... 20 2.2.7 Synthesis ............................................. 20 3.0 PROCESS AND WASTE DESCRIPTIONS ............................... 21 3.1 REFINERY PROCESS OVERVIEW .............................. 21 3.2 CRUDE OIL DESALTING ...................................... 25 3.2.1 Process Description ..................................... 25 3.2.2 Desalting Sludge ....................................... 26 3.3 HYDROCRACKING -
CLIMATE IMPACTS of INDUSTRIAL FOREST PRACTICES in NORTH CAROLINA Synthesis of Best Available Science and Implications for Forest Carbon Policy
CLIMATE IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL FOREST PRACTICES IN NORTH CAROLINA Synthesis of best available science and implications for forest carbon policy PART 1—SEPTEMBER 2019 PREPARED FOR DOGWOOD ALLIANCE BY Dr. John Talberth, Senior Economist Center for Sustainable Economy 2420 NE Sandy Blvd. Portland, OR 97232 (503) 657-7336 [email protected] With research support from Sam Davis, Ph.D. and Liana Olson CONTENTS Summary and key findings ....................................... 3 How industrial forest practices disrupt nature’s forest carbon cycle .................................... 5 IMPACT 1 Reduction in forest carbon storage in land ....................... 7 IMPACT 2 Greenhouse gas emissions from logging and wood products ...... 11 IMPACT 3 Loss of carbon sequestration capacity .......................... 21 Concluding thoughts ........................................... 25 CLIMATE IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL FOREST PRACTICES IN NORTH CAROLINA 1 Industrial logging and wood product manufacturing emit enormous quantities of greenhouse gases. A wetland forest clearcut near Woodland, NC to feed a nearby Enviva wood pellet facility. SUMMARY AND KEY FINDINGS Each year, roughly 201,000 acres of forestland in North Carolina are clearcut to feed global markets for wood pellets, lumber, and other industrial forest products. Roughly 2.5 billion board feet of softwood and hardwood sawtimber are extracted annually, an amount equivalent to over 500,000 log truckloads.1 The climate impacts of this intensive activity are often ignored in climate policy discussions because of flawed greenhouse gas accounting and the misconception that the timber industry is carbon neutral. The reality, however, is that industrial logging and wood product manufacturing emit enormous quantities of greenhouse gases and have significantly depleted the amount of carbon sequestered and stored on the land.