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Crime and Fear in Public Places

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Crime and Fear in Public Places Crime and Fear in Public Places Crime and Fear in Public Places consists of an important tool to advance the international urban safety agenda as it provides readers with a view on the debate over safety and public places, taking a multi-disciplinary approach that takes into consideration several fields of knowledge. The cutting-edge research contained in this book incorporates different per- spectives on the phenomenon of crime and fear in public places and fosters the co-production of safety, which is a basic principle contained in the Guidelines, thus contributing towards more cohesive societies and safer cities for all. Juma Assiago, Head, Safer Cities Programme, UN-HABITAT With expertise from a diverse range of disciplines, this compilation achieves a thorough investigation of how individual mobility, social and built landscapes, and policies interact and relate to crime and fear in public places. Insightful and creative, with implications to make communities safer and improve public health. Professor Douglas Wiebe, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA Numerous organizations call for resilient and safe spaces. Many people dream of enjoying vibrant places. Yet, crime and fear in public space threatens these ideals. This book offers timeous information and practical suggestions towards safe places—indeed, a valuable toolkit for everyone working towards inclusive change in public space. Professor Karina Landman, University of Pretoria, South Africa No city environment reflects the meaning of urban life better than a public place. A public place, whatever its nature—a park, a mall, a train platform or a street corner—is where people pass by, meet each other and at times become a victim of crime. With this book, we submit that crime and safety in public places are not issues that can be easily dealt with within the boundaries of a single discipline. The book aims to illustrate the complexity of patterns of crime and fear in public places with examples of studies on these topics contextualized in different cities and countries around the world. This is achieved by tackling five cross-cutting themes: the nature of the city’s environment as a back- drop for crime and fear; the dynamics of individuals’ daily routines and their transit safety; the safety perceptions experienced by those who are most in fear in public places; the metrics of crime and fear; and, finally, examples of current practices in promoting safety. All these original chapters contribute to our quest for safer, more inclusive, resilient, equitable and sustainable cities and human settlements aligned to the Global 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Vania Ceccato is a Professor at Department of Urban Planning and Environment, KTH Royal Insti- tute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. Her research covers the situational conditions of crime and fear in urban and rural environments. Gendered safety and the intersectionality of victimization are essential components in her research. She is the author of several books, including Rural Crime and Community Safety and is co-editor of Transit Crime and Sexual Violence in Cities. She is the national coordinator of Safeplaces, which is a network for knowledge sharing between academia and practice devoted to the situational conditions of crime and best practices in situational crime prevention. Mahesh K. Nalla is a Professor in the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University. His research interest centers on crime governance with a focus on public and private policing. His research has appeared in the Journal of Research and Crime and Delinquency, Justice Quarterly, and Annals of the American Political and Social Science, among others. He has coordinated and led a global project into firearm-related violence prevention programs for the United Nations and crafted the International Protocol Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammu- nition and Other Related Materials, as a supplement to the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime. Routledge Studies in Crime and Society The Risks and Benefits of Private Security Companies Working with Victims of Domestic Violence Diarmaid Harkin The Human Factor of Cybercrime Edited by Rutger Leukfeldt and Thomas J. Holt Medical Misinformation and Social Harm in Non-Science Based Health Practices A Multidisciplinary Perspective Edited by Anita Lavorgna and Anna Di Ronco Crime, Harm and Consumer Culture Edited by Steve Hall, Tereza Kuldova and Mark Horsley Legalizing Cannabis Experiences, Lessons and Scenarios Edited by Tom Decorte, Simon Lenton and Chris Wilkins Female Capital Punishment From the Gallows to Unofficial Abolition in Connecticut Lawrence B. Goodheart Risk and Harm in Youth Sexting Young People’s Perspectives Emily Setty Gendered Responses to Male Offending in Barbados Patriarchal Perceptions and their Effect on Offender Treatment Corin Bailey Crime and Fear in Public Places Towards Safe, Inclusive and Sustainable Cities Edited by Vania Ceccato and Mahesh K. Nalla For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/ Routledge-Studies-in-Crime-and-Society/book-series/RSCS Crime and Fear in Public Places Towards Safe, Inclusive and Sustainable Cities Edited by Vania Ceccato and Mahesh K. Nalla First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Vania Ceccato and Mahesh K. Nalla; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Vania Ceccato and Mahesh K. Nalla to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-0-367-37128-9 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-51769-4 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-35277-5 (ebk) Typeset in Galliard by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear This book is dedicated to all those professionals working to reduce crime and fear in public places around the world, and aiming at making urban and rural environments safer and more social sustainable for all. Contents List of figures xi List of tables xiv List of appendices xvi Notes on contributors xvii Preface xxii Acknowledgments xxiv PART I Crime and fear in public places: an introduction 1 1 Crime and fear in public places: aim, scope and context 3 VANIA CECCATO, JUMA ASSIAGO AND MAHESH K. NALLA 2 The circumstances of crime and fear in public places: a review of theories 16 VANIA CECCATO 3 The architecture of crime and fear of crime: research evidence on lighting, CCTV and CPTED features 38 VANIA CECCATO PART II The environment 73 4 Do green areas affect crime and safety? 75 VANIA CECCATO, ANA CANABARRO AND LISANDRA VAZQUEZ 5 Safety of urban park users: the case of Poznań, Poland 108 EMILIA BOGACKA viii Contents 6 The role of public places in Disability Hate Crimes (DHCs) 125 ANTONIO IUDICI AND RICCARDO GIROLIMETTO PART III The movement 143 7 Youth safety in public transportation: the case of eastern Mexico City, Mexico 145 JAVIER ROMERO-TORRES AND VANIA CECCATO 8 Transit safety among college students in Tokyo- Kanagawa, Japan: victimization, safety perceptions and preventive measures 160 SEIJI SHIBATA 9 Women and LGBTI youth as targets: assessing transit safety in Rio Claro, Brazil 176 FARID NOURANI, SÉRGIO LUIS ANTONELLO, JOSÉ SILVIO GOVONE AND VANIA CECCATO 10 An analysis of transit safety among college students in Lagos, Nigeria 194 SMART E. OTU AND AUGUSTINE AGUGUA PART IV The users’ perspective 215 11 Contested gendered space: public sexual harassment and women’s safety work 217 FIONA VERA-GRAY AND LIZ KELLY 12 Sexual harassment in public spaces in India: victimization and offending patterns 232 MAHESH K. NALLA 13 Does context matter? Older adults’ safety perceptions of neighborhood environments in Sweden 250 VANESSA STJERNBORG AND ROYA BAMZAR 14 Individual and spatial dimensions of women’s fear of crime: a Scandinavian study case 265 ANNA YATES AND VANIA CECCATO Contents ix PART V The metrics 289 15 Contextual determinants of fear of crime in public transit: an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) pilot study 291 YASEMIN IRVIN-ERICKSON, AMMAR A. MALIK AND FAISAL KAMIRAN 16 Mapping Open Drug Scenes (ODS) 305 MIA-MARIA MAGNUSSON 17 “Fear in 280 characters”: a new approach for evaluation of fear over time in cyberspace 326 FRANCISCO J. CASTRO-TOLEDO, TOBIAS GRETENKORT, MIRIAM ESTEVE AND FERNANDO MIRÓ-LLINARES PART VI The intervention 345 18 Fear of the dark: the potential impact of reduced street lighting on crime and fear of crime 347 PIA STRUYF 19 Evaluating harm-reduction initiatives in a night-time economy and music festival context 362 LAURA GARIUS, BETHANY WARD, KIRSTY TEAGUE AND ANDROMACHI TSELONI 20 Crime and fear in Hollygrove—building neighborhood resilience 379 MATEJA MIHINJAC AND GREGORY
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