NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. Aug. 2002)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM

This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Register ofHistoric Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item: does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items.

1. N arne of Property

historic name Irish Hills Towers------other names/site number N/A ·------~------

2. Location

street & number 8433 West US-12______not for publication_N/A

city or town _Cambridge Township______vicinity _N/A state _Michigan code _ MI_ county _Lenawee code 091 zip code _49265_

3. State/Federal Agency Certification

As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this _X_ nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for · · registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property _X_ meets __ does not nieet the National Register riteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant_ nationally statewide _locally. L_See continuation sheet for additional comments.)

ial

__Michigan SHPO__ :--:-:~------­ State or Federal Agency or Tribal government Property Name/County/State _Irish Hills Towers, Lenawee Co., MI. ______

In my opinion, the property __ meets __ does not meet the National Register criteria. ( _ See continuation sheet for additional comments.)

Signature of commenting official/Title Date

State or Federal agency and bureau

entered in the National Register See continuation sheet. __ determined eligible for the National Register See continuation sheet. __ determined not eligible for the National Register __ removed from the National Register------_____

__ other (explain): -~-----

~~lure of Keeper Date of Action

5. Classification

Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply) _X_ private public-local public-State public-Federal

Category of Property (Check only one box) X building(s) district site structure object Property Name/County/State_Irish Hills Towers, Lenawee Co., MI.______

Number of Resources within Property

Contributing Noncontributing __ buildings 1 sites (miniature gold course) 4 4 structures (C=2 towers, N side retaining walls, S wall) __ objects (NC="mill"lboulder features, 2 concrete walls) 4 5 .Total

Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register _N/A

Name of related multiple property listing (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.)

~_NIA______

6. Function or Use

Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions) Category Sub-category Recreation and Culture Other: observation towers---

Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) Category Sub-category Vacant/Nor in Use------

7. Description

Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions) _Other: enclosed wooden observation towers------

Materials (Enter categories from instructions) foundation Concrete------roof N/A------walls Other: composition siding__ Aluminum ------~ ~------other N/A ~------Property Name/County/State _Irish Hills Towers, Lenawee Co., MI ______

Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) ·

8. Statement of Significance

Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing)

X A Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history.

B Is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.

C Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction.

D Has yielded, or is likely to yield information important in prehistory or history.

Criteria Considerations (Mark "X" in all the boxes that apply.)

A owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes. B removed from its original location. C a birthplace or a grave. D a cemetery. E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. F a commemorative property. G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within the past 50 years.

Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions) Entertainment/Recreation

PeriodofSignificance_l924-57_; ______

Significant Dates _1924__ ; _1947__ ; _1957__ ; ______

Significant Person (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) NIA------

Cultural Affiliation N/A ------NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET

Section 8 Irish Hills Towers

Page 5 Lenawee Co . , MI running through the center of the high ground. Brighton had an apple orchard on his side of the hill, while Kelly used his as a pasture for sheep. The MOC first approached Mr. Kelly with an offer to purchase his half of the hill- perhaps because Kelly was already being pestered by passersby wanting to see the view from his hilltop- but Kelly wouldn't sell because he did not want to commercialize the property and destroy the view. The MOC then purchased Mr. Brighton's half and began to build the tower very close to the Kelly property line at the crest of the hill. The tower, originally almost identical to the Bundy Hill one, had its opening weekend OCtober 4-5, 1924. Frederick Hewitt, owner of the Walker Tavern, gave a speech on the beauty of the Irish Hills, and a band was engaged to entertain visitors on both days (Brooklyn Exponent, October 2, 1924). Admission was five cents. Visitors passed through a souvenir shop in the base and climbed the stairs to the viewing platform.

Edward Kelly was upset by the MOC's actions in building so close to his property line. Apparently taking the time-honored position of"Don't get mad, get even," he soon began construction of his own very similar tower on his side of the line, but with its base only twelve feet away, before the MOC's tower was completed. It was completed and in operation by mid November 1924. The MOC's tower was initially fifty feet high. Kelly made his ten feet taller. Thus, the competition began between the owners of the two towers.

The MOC soon added a fourteen-foot vertical-sided extension to their tower, with a viewing area on the top and an enclosed observation deck below. They emblazoned their tower with the painted label, "Original Irish Hills Tower." Mr. Kelly, not to be outdone, then added four feet to his tower, so that both towers were sixty-four feet high. His tower displayed the labeling, "Gray Tower, Heart o' the Irish Hills, Kelly Knoll," painted in very large letters. Exasperated with Kelly, the MOC reportedly told him that if he added any more height to his tower they would tear their tower down and put up a much taller steel one. Mr. Kelly, with fewer fmancial resources than the corporate group, did not want to escalate the competition any further, so efforts to outdo each other on the structures ended ("Irish Hills Towers History," 1968, and Barnett, 6).

Each tower had an interior stairway to the top via a series of l~dings. Windows along the stairway provided viewing opportunities. When they arrived at the top, visitors enjoyed a panoramic view of the surrounding hills and Iron, Sand, Wamplers, Evans, and Vineyard lakes. The Manchester Enterprise reported that fall that both towers were "doing a 'land office' business" shortly after opening (November 20, 1924). fu the mid-1920s the Chicago Turnpike, now US-12, was being rebuilt as the main highway between and Chicago. The Irish Hills section was the last part to be done. fu 1924 it was a dirt road, passing the towers on the south side (Brooklyn Exponent, October 2, 1924). Despite the condition ofthe_road, people came to the towers in droves. The Irish Hills section was reconstructed and paved in 1926. fu the course of the rebuilding, the alignment past the towers was moved from the south to the north side. The old dirt road NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET

Section 8 Irish Hills Towers

Page 6 Lenawee Co. , MI remained in use for access and parking for visitors to the towers. The paving of the Chicago Turnpike made it much easier and quicker for daytrippers from Detroit and southeastern and from Toledo and northwestern Ohio, vacationers, and through travelers to visit the Irish Hills. Those seeking recreation could spent the day at one of the lakes, taking time out to climb the towers for a better view of the surrounding area. Travelers would take time for a rest stop at the towers and a bit of refreshment. A July 26, 1926, article in the Brooklyn Exponent stated that Ed Brighton :reported 2,320 visitors to the "original" complex the previous Sunday.

Buses on the Detroit-Chicago run on US-12 were already making brief lunch stops at the towers by late 1926 (Clinton Local, December 23, 1926). By 1927 the Shortway Bus Company was providing transportation between the lakes and local attractions in the Irish Hills. Its 1927 brochure, Official Guide to the Irish Hills District, provided descriptions of the resorts, villages, and attractions in the Irish Hills. By 1931, the towers were so popular that the Greyhound Line had a station and ticket office there. fu addition to the Greyhound Line, the De Luxe Line also made regular stops at the towers.

fu order to give its tower a competitive edge, the MOC was continually adding conveniences and attractions for the visitors. Picnic tables were placed among the trees in the orchard and a small animal "zoo" with caged monkeys and an alligator soon installed (Homer Index, June 11, 1925). A sandwich and drink stand near US-12 operated by the MOC evolved into a barbecue restaurant/hotel by 1928, and then to a hotel with full-service dining room. Ernest T. Riley was the manager of the tower, restaurant, and hotel from 1926 until around 1941 (Brooklyn Exponent, December 11, 1930, and letter from Duane L. Riley, great nephew of Em Riley, to LeRoy Barnett). fu addition to the restaurant associated with the Original Tower, Cap Hom opened a sandwich/barbecue shop across the highway that grew into a two-story restaurant - most recently Kelly's on the Hill, now closed - by 1932 (Brooklyn Exponent, November 17, 1933). Other businesses also capitalized on the popularity of the attractions. Gas stations were built nearby on both sides of the Chicago Turnpike, along with additional restaurants and roadhouses. A campground existed south of the towers by 1926. Ed Brighton opened a golf course on his nearby land south and east of the towers. An arcade, shooting gallery, and merry-go-round were added by 1932. All of this development took place around the towers and nearby to the east, toward Detroit and southeast Michigan and Toledo and northwest Ohio, presumably the sources from which most of the visitors were drawn. The towers seem to have been the big draw for visitors and the primary reason for the additional tourist-related development near them.

Post card views make it clear that Kelly did not follow suit in developing his property. Although he added a small rectangular gift shop on the west side of his tower by about 1933, he otherwise left his tower grounds in the angle between the new and old highway alignments as open ground, with lawn and a few trees and benches. · NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8 - 86)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET

Section 8 Irish Hills Towers

Page 7 Lenawee Co. , MI

In October 1931 the MOC' s Irish Hills Cafe and the bus station burned. The fire also slightly damaged the arcade and seriously damaged the zoo building (Adrian Daily Telegraph, October 8, 1931 ). The MOC, whose owners were then listed as E. T. Riley, Dr. Leatherman, Charles Kerr, Jay Daniels, J. L. Mott, 0. E. Mott, Fred Jarvis, and C. E. Campbell, began work immediately on a two-story replacement building that would house a restaurant and fourteen-room hotel (Brooklyn Exponent, Nov. 5 and Nov. 26, 1931). The new Irish Hills Restaurant/Hotel building, located on the old site on the south side ofUS-12 just east of the towers, was L-shaped and wood shingle-clad withjerkinhead roofs and a gabled porte cochere. Work progressed at a rapid pace and the hotel/restaurant opened February 25, 1932 (Brooklyn Exponent, January 14, 1932 and February 25, 1932).

Although the Depression surely caused business to slow down, the Exponent reported that twenty-two buses went through the area every twenty-four hours, and that the hotel was open around the clock. By 1934 the grip of the Depression seemed to be easing in the area. E. L. Riley, manager of the Original Tower and the Irish Hills Cafe, noted that traffic had increased greatly that season: "The Bus lines are all running double­ headers, the passenger car traffic has increased, and the truck traffic has been breaking all previous records" (Brooklyn Exponent, June 28, 1934). The August 9, 1934, Exponent added that there had been more visitors to the towers and other scenic recreation places that year.

In an effort to provide an even better view of the area, E. L. Riley installed a $700 telescope in the Original Tower for the use of visitors. It was one of forty-nine telescopes used at the World's Fair at Chicago and had a 200-mile range, thus greatly extending the view (Barnett, 8).

Unification

Although the MOC sold the Bundy Hill tower and grounds in March 1932 to "Detroit parties" (Brooklyn Exponent, March 24, 1932), the group continued its ownership of the Original Tower for another fifteen years. In 1947 the MOC sold the Original Tower to Frank Lamping. The MOC formally dissolved in 1949. At that time, the MOC partners were listed as Frank Preston, Sally Preston, and Charles L. Preston. The 1931 restaurant and hotel burned in 1949. In the early 1950s the lower observation deck was removed from the Original Tower (LeRoy Barnett; Twin Towers file at the Brooklyn Exponent).

In 1957 Frank Lamping also acquired the Gray Tower from Edward Kelly's heir and niece, Mary Virginia McDonald Gorman. Lamping connected the towers on the ground level to provide a larger gift and souvenir shop. Lamping operated both towers until 1966, when he sold them to Anthony and Janet Moustakas.

The Moustakases and several other investors formed Irish Hills Towers, Inc., and Janet and Anthony deeded the property to the corporation May 24, 1967. Anticipating an increase in business as a spin-off from the Michigan International Speedway that was under construction nearby, the new group began making some NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET

Section 8 Irish Hills Towers

Page 8 Lenawee Co. , MI major changes to the towers. They removed the tops of the towers with the intention ofbuilding a new superstructure housing a restaurant, but the group soon had financial problems. The towers remained without their tops until Allen and Dorothy Good ofBrooklyn purchased them in 1972 (Barnett; Brooklyn Exponent, February 22, 2005).

The Goods operated under the name ofKilldowney Corporation (Barnett, Michigan History, p 9). They were determined to restore the towers to their former prominence as an Irish Hills attraction. The Goods had two new tower tops with observation platforms constructed; these were lifted into place by an eighty-ton hydr;mlic crane in July 1972. The Goods also made other repairs and updates to the structures including structural reinforcement, fireproofing, and repainting. New stairs were built and a connecting walkway at the top between the towers was added, allowing visitors to cross over from one tower to the other. Unfortunately, attendance was not as large as expected, and expenses exceeded revenues, causing the Goods to default on their mortgage (Barnett, 9).

The next owners were Ronald and Donna Boglarsky, who purchased the property in May 1976. The Boglarskys added a miniature golf course on the west side of the tower in 1987. Due to insufficient attendance, they closed the towers at the end.ofthe 2000 tourist season. They continue to own the property.

The Irish Hills have declined as a tourist destination in the past decades in the wake of heightened recreation expectations and opportunities, and the Irish Hills Towers, like the few other surviving tourism-related historic resources, have gone into a significant decline. Like the towers, other historic attractions such as the Prehistoric Forest complex that stands at the bottom of the hill from the towers coming from the east, and the surviving old roadhouses, cabin and motel complexes, and gas stations and stores mostly stand closed and deteriorating.

Observation towers such as the Irish Hills Towers, built for the tourist trade, have a long history in the United States, but really came into their own as a result of automobile tourism in the early twentieth century. Numerous tO\yers with associated souvenir shops and restaurant and sometimes hotel operations were built in scenic areas that attracted tourist travel such as the Catskills of New York or the Mohawk Trail in western Massachusetts' Berkshires. In addition to the Bundy Hill and Irish Hills Original and Gray towers, the Irish Hills supported a fourth tower, the White Swan Electric Tower, constructed in 1930 along US-223 near Devil's Lake a few miles south. Other tourist-trade-related observation towers in Michigan and nearby included the Hoosier Hills Observatory, located just north of Angola, Indiana, near the Michigan line, and the Burt Lake Scenic Tower near Indian River, Michigan. Of the Irish Hills structures, only the Irish Hills Towers remain standing. Property Name/County/State _Irish Hills Towers, Lenawee Co., MI______

Architect/Builder N/A ------

Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.)

9. Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.)

Previous documentation on file (NPS) None _preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested. . _previously listed in the National Register _previously determined eligible by the National Register _designated a National Historic Landmark _ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # ____ _ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # _____

Primary Location of Additional Data X State Historic Preservation Office _ Other State agency _ Federal agency _ Local government University Other Name of repository:------

10. Geographical Data

Acreage of Property _About 3_

UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet)

Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing 1 16 735300 4659700 3 2 4 See continuation sheet.

Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.)

Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET

Section 9 Irish Hills Towers

Page 9 Lenawee Co. , MI

Bibliography

Barnett, LeRoy. "On the Michigan Stage." Michigan History, Sept.-Oct. 2005.

Dewey, Franklin. "Battle of Irish Hills Towers recalled by Dewey." Brooklyn Exponent, 51211982.

Dunbar, Willis F., and GeorgeS. May. Michigan: A History ofthe Wolverine State. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995.

"Irish Hills Towers History" (handout available at the towers). 1968. Copy at Lenawee County Historical Society, Irish Hills file.

Little, Elwood. Irish Hills History. Onsted, MI: nd (c. 1957).

McEldowney, J. R, & Sons. McEldowney's Lenawee County and Adrian City Directory. Adrian, MI, 1897.

"Observation Towers Near Chicago Road Are Rivals." Michigan Roads and Pavements. 12/3/1925.

Polk, R. L., & Co. Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1875. Detroit, MI, 1875.

Progressive Publishing Co. Official Guide to the Irish Hills and Popular Southern Michigan Lakes. Toledo, OH, 1927.

Short Way Bus Co .. Official Guide to the Irish Hills District. Short Way Bus Co., 1927.

"Twin Towers Striving to Command Coveted View of Irish Hills." Undated newspaper clipping, source unknown (c. 1925). Lenawee County Historical Society, Irish Hills file.

Newspapers

Adrian Daily Telegraph. 10/8/1931.

Brooklyn Exponent. 10/2, 10/23/1924; 7/26/1926; 3/7, 7/25/1929; 12/11/1930; 1115, 11126/1931; 1114, 2/25, 3/2411932; 6/29, 11117/1933; 8/9/1934; 2/22/2005- LeRoy Barnett, "The tale of two tourist trademarks." NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET

Section 9 Irish Hills Towers

Page 10 Lenawee Co. , MI

Clinton Local. 12/23/1926.

Homer Index. 6/1111925.

Manchester Enterprise. 11/20/1924.

Interviews

Dan Cherry, The Exponent (Brooklyn, MI) - 8/24 and 9/8/2005, 3/2/2006.

Post Cards

Lenawee County Historical Society, Irish Hills file NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET

Section 10 Irish Hills Towers

Page 11 Lenawee Co. , MI

Verbal Boundary Description:

Property in NE V.. of Sec. 11, T5S, R2E, Cambridge Twp., Lenawee Co., MI. Beginning atE side ofW intersection of Sports Park Drive with S line ofUS-12; thence E along S line of US-12 toW end of concrete block retaining wall N of the Irish Hills Towers; thence SE'ly along retaining wall toE end of staircase at wall's N end and intersection with N end ofN-S fence and retaining wall; thence S along fence and retaining wall in straight line to N line of Sports Park Drive; thence W and NW along N side of Sports Park Drive to point of beginning.

Justification:

Includes the part of the site retaining the best integrity, including the lawn and brush area west of the towers · that contains the remains of the miniature golf course. While the course is a non-contributing feature, its remnants are not highly visible in the context of the large hillside property on which they stand. The wedge­ shaped property west of the towers forms a highly visible part of the towers' setting when approached up the hill from the west. The area east of the towers retains ruins of commercial development mostly less than fifty years old and not associated with the towers during the period of significance along with overgrown grounds that appear to retain little in the way of historic features. NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET

Section Photos Irish Hills Towers

Page 12 Lenawee Co. , MI

Photographs

Printed on Epson Premium Luster Paper using Epson Ultra Chrome inks

Photo 1 MI Lenawee Towers Ol.tif

Photo 2 MI_Lenawee_Towers_02.tif

Photo 3 MI Lenawee Towers 03.tif

Photo 4 MI Lenawee Towers 04.tif 0

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NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET

REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION

PROPERTY Irish Hills Towers NAME:

MULTIPLE NAME:

STATE & COUNTY: MICHIGAN, Lenawee

DATE RECEIVED: 3/22/07 DATE OF PENDING LIST: 4/06/07 DATE OF 16TH DAY: 4/21/07 DATE OF 45TH DAY: 5/05/07 DATE OF WEEKLY LIST:

REFERENCE NUMBER: · 07000380

REASONS FOR REVIEW:

APPEAL: N DATA PROBLEM: N LANDSCAPE: N . LESS THAN 50 YEARS: N OTHER: N PDIL: N PERIOD: N . PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: N REQUEST· N SAMPLE: N SLR DRAFT: N NATIONAL: N

T WAIVER: N

RETURN REJECT s~ 2., () l DATE

ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS: ..

RECOM./CRITERIA------

REVIEWER ______DISCIPLINE__ ~------~-- DATE ______TELEPHONE ------DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N .

If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority; the nomination is no longer under consideration by the NPS.

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I b /3''-> oo "1~7?700 STATE OF MICHI GAN JENNIFER GRANHOLM DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, ARTS AND LIBRARIES DR. WILLIAM ANDERSON GOVERNOR L ANSING DIRECTOR

February 22, 2007

Ms. Janet Matthews, Keeper National Register ofHistoric Places National Park Service 1 1201 Eye Street, NW, 8 h Floor Washington, DC 20005

Dear Ms. Matthews:

Enclosed are National Register nomination materials for the Irish Hills Towers in Lenawee County, Michigan. This property is being submitted for listing in the National Register. No written comments concerning this nomination were submitted to us prior to the submission of the nomination to you.

Questions concerning this nomination should be addressed to Robert 0. Christensen, National Register coordinator, by phone at 517/335-2719 or by e-mail at [email protected].

Brian D. Conway State Historic Prese ation Officer

BDC:roc

STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE, MICHIGAN HISTORICAL CENTER 702 WEST KALAMAZOO STREET • P.O. BOX 30740 • LANSING, MICHIGAN 48909-8240 (517) 373-1630 www . michigan .gov/hal