DOCSLIB.ORG

Toxoplasmic Lymphadenitis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Toxoplasmic Lymphadenitis J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.30.9.847 on 1 September 1977. Downloaded from J. clin. Path., 1977, 30, 847-850 Direct immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis ROBERT M. MATOSSIAN', VICTOR H. NASSAR2, AND AHMED BASMADJI2 From the Department ofBacteriology and Virology', and the Department ofPathology2, American University ofBeirut, Beirut, Lebanon SUMMARY The diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis was established through the demonstration, by direct immunofluorescence, of toxoplasma cysts and trophozoites in a cervical lymph node biopsy which also had a characteristic histopathology. The patient had cervical lymphadenopathy and increased specific fluorescent antitoxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies. The inclusion of Toxoplasma gondii infections among Case history the syndromes responsible for human cervical lymphadenopathy has necessitated the use of specific A 24-year-old Palestinian sailor was seen at the to differentiate this condition from a American of procedures University Beirut with a history of a copyright. more serious illness (Putschar, 1973). In such gradually increasing number of palpable nodules in patients the presence of a raised titre of antibodies, the neck of one year's duration. Physical examination detected by the Sabin-Feldman dye test, has usually of the cervical area revealed enlarged lymph nodes suggested recent exposure to the protozoon (World of the occipital and submaxillary regions. These Health Organisation, 1969). The co-existence of were firm, discrete, and non-adherent to the skin or either complement-fixing (CF) or IgM antibodies, deeper tissues. A lymph node biopsy was obtained obtained by indirect immunofluorescence (IF), has from the occipital region and diagnosed as being often been correlated with acute infections (Reming- suggestive of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis. Blood http://jcp.bmj.com/ ton et al., 1968; Dorfman and Remington, 1973). samples were subsequently sent for diagnostic The histopathology of lymph nodes, characterised by serology. follicular hyperplasia, associated with clusters of epithelioid histiocytes, is considered to be charac- PATHOLOGY teristic of toxoplasma lymphadenitis (Gray et al., The specimen consisted of a single formalin fixed 1972; Dorfman and Remington, 1973). T. gondii has occipital lymph node (1x2 cm diameter) with no also been isolated from lymph nodes injected into gross lesions. Histopathological examination revealed laboratory mice. However, individual Toxoplasma, reactive follicular hyperplasia where the follicles on September 30, 2021 by guest. Protected or cysts containing clusters of trophozoites, have exhibited unusual variation in size and shape. rarely been observed in fixed stained histological Within the enlarged germinal centres, macrophages preparations from lymph nodes. This has often showing active phagocytosis were present. In handicapped the pathologist in his interpretation of addition, there was the distinctive presence of focal preparations where the histopathology is not typical. clusters of pale staining epithelioid histiocytes, We report the results of a study in a patient with which were noted within the interfollicular lymphoid cervical lymphadenopathy who had increased titres stroma encroaching upon the germinal centres. of specific fluorescent IgG and IgM antibodies to Occasionally, the sinuses appeared packed with T. gondii, where a diagnosis was achieved by the smaller histiocytes. The lymph node stroma con- characteristic histopathology of the lymph node and tained plasma cells and large immunoblasts (Fig. 1). the demonstration by direct immunofluorescence of Toxoplasma cysts and trophozoites within the IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STUDIES lymphoid tissues. Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test Received for publication 3 February 1977 Circulating IgG and IgM antibodies were demon- 847 J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.30.9.847 on 1 September 1977. Downloaded from 848 Robert M. Matossian, Victor H. Nassar, and Ahmed Basmadji copyright. Fig. 1 Posterior cervical lymph node. There is remarkable follicular hyperplasia in which the macrophages exhibit phagocytosis ofnuclear matter. There is also distinctive aggregation of epithelioid histiocytes in irregular clusters (granulomatoid) which are scattered in the interfollicular stroma and encroach upon the germinal centres. Haematoxylin and eosin x 30. http://jcp.bmj.com/ strated by using T. gondii freeze-dried trophozoite the lymph node was observed. The follicular areas antigens and monospecific anti-human IgG and IgM were faintly fluorescent with patchy areas of more conjugates'. The procedure employed has been intense staining. Under higher magnification these previously described by Kane et al. (1971). The serum were made up of clusters of what appeared to be anti-toxoplasma IgG and IgM titres were 1/1000 and trophozoite-like bodies, surrounded by a non- 1/100, respectively. fluorescent membrane (Fig. 2). The lymph sinusoids were with fluorescent bodies, similar to congested on September 30, 2021 by guest. Protected Direct immunofluorescence those seen in the clusters. The cells filling the Thin sections from the paraffin embedded lymph sinuses were engorged with fluorescent material. A node were passed through xylene and fixed on slides large number of free-lying intensely staining, single, with methanol. The area to be tested was flooded crescent-shaped bodies were also seen. When with a 1 in 10 dilution of the anti-toxoplasma compared with a preparation of known T. gondii conjugate'. The slides were incubated in a humid freeze-dried trophozoites, the fluorescent bodies seen chamber for 30 minutes. They were then rinsed in in the biopsy specimen had an appearance consistent phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7x2, for 30 with T. gondii. Similar ininunofluorescent studies on minutes. The slides were next dried and mounted five lymph node biopsies from Hodgkin's lymphoma, with coverslips using 10% glycerol in carbonated tuberculous lymphadenitis, sarcoidosis, and non- phosphate buffer. They were examined by the specific lymphadenitis were all negative. conventional method for immunofluorescence (Car- Histopathological observation of lymph node ver and Goldman, 1959). biopsies are considered highly suggestive if not A diffuse fluorescence of the capsular structure of characteristic of toxoplasma lymphadenitis (Gray et al., 1972). The distinctive histopathologica 'Obtained from Wellcome Reagents Ltd, England features are a triad: (1) Striking follicular hyper- J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.30.9.847 on 1 September 1977. Downloaded from Direct immunofluorescence in the diagnosis oftoxoplasmic lymphadenitis 849 Fig. 2 Section of cervical lymph node, stained with anti-toxoplasma conjugate, demonstrating fluorescent trophozoite-like bodies (arrows) surrounded by a non-fluorescent membrane. x 750. copyright. plasia; macrophages within the germinal centres similar observation was made by Tsunematsu et al. exhibiting phagocytosis of nuclear particles, im- (1964) in two patients with toxoplasmic lymphadeno- parting a 'starry-sky' appearance to the enlarged pathy. germinal centres, and marked mitotic activity. (2) Toxoplasma may persist in lymph nodes, skeletal Distinctive aggregation of pale staining epithelioid muscle, and other tissues for months or years after histiocytes in irregular clusters (granulomatoid) infection. Their presence may thus be unrelated to scattered in the inter-follicular stroma, often en- the active disease. However, the detection of the http://jcp.bmj.com/ croaching upon the follicles. (3) Packing of the proliferative forms of Toxoplasma in miscellaneous dilated sinusoids, both peripheral and central, with tissues should be of help in establishing an active smaller monocytoid cells. Plasma cells and immuno- infection. Hence their presence in patients with blasts are present in the lymphoid stroma. However, definite lymphadenopathy may be sufficient evidence the above classical pattern may represent a narrow to make the diagnosis. range within a broader spectrum. At either end of We suggest the use of direct immunofluorescence the spectrum the specific histological picture may as a sensitive and specific test in the diagnosis of on September 30, 2021 by guest. Protected not obtain. active toxoplasmic lymphadenitis. We present this The direct staining of T. gondii cysts and free- communication, hoping that others will have a lying trophozoites with fluorescein-labelled antibody better opportunity further to assess the diagnostic has been achieved in sections of spleen, liver, lung, value of this procedure. and brain of mice experimentally infected (Carver and Goldman, 1959). Fluorescent Toxoplasma have We thank the Wellcome Research Laboratories for also been observed in the retina of laboratory their free supply of Toxoplasma gondii freeze-dried infected rabbits (Tabbara et al., 1974). Archer et al. antigen, anti-human IgG and IgM conjugate, as (1971) demonstrated the specificity and sensitivity well as anti-toxoplasma conjugate. of direct immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of ovine abortion. Our data indicate that crescent- References shaped bodies, single or in clusters, forming cysts Archer, J. F., Beverley, J. K. A., and Watson, W. A. fluoresce with specific anti-toxoplasma conjugate (1971). A field trial of the fluorescence antibody test for in thin sections of lymph node obtained from toxoplasmosis in the diagnosis of ovine abortion. formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. A Veterinary Record,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GLUT- 1S| Expression
    KR0100984 KCCH/RR-045/2000 A Study on Activation of FDG-PET Use GLUT- 1S| Expression The FDG Uptake and GLUT-1 Expression of the Mediastinal Nodes in the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer IV ^Hl^ FDG ^41^ Glucose Transporter(GLUT-l)^ Expression''^] ^ 2000. 12. 31. : % 5) •1- fi I. FDG Glucose Transporter (GLUT-1) Expression n. FDG ^^1- Glucose Transporter^ FDG o.s FDG-PET m. S.x4.$\ FDG ^i FDG-PET1- anti-Glut-1 antibodyS immunohistostaining*l-^4. H^ 317](mm), ^^ follicle ^^ KGrade 1-4), ^5.^ follicle^ 'g^ ^^(1-4), IV. Al PET # ^• test, P=0.07). *>fl^fe- PET ^ ^H^^ follicle leveH °1 ^^fe FDG Hl^r GLUT- iHS^S. ^1-afl FDG ^ follicular hyperplasia^ V. FDG ^ -ffe FDG-PET^l 6.4 FDG GLUT-1 l- fe GLUT-1 ^^) FDG ^ PET FDG -2- SUMMARY 1. Project Title The FDG uptake and glucose transporter(GLUT-l) expression of the mediastinal nodes in the non-small cell lung cancer 2. Objective and Importance of the Project FDG-PET scan provides physiologic and metabolic information that characterizes lesions that are indeterminate by CT and that accurately stages the distribution of lung cancer. Many authors reported that mediastinal staging of non-small-cell lung cancer was improved markedly by FDG-PET in addition to CT, but the problem of false positive and negative N2 was not overcome completely. The aim of this study was. to understand the mechanism of FDG uptake in the mediastinal nodes, and improve the accuracy of mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer by PET.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Article Igm Expression in Paraffin Sections Distinguishes Follicular Lymphoma from Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia
    Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7(6):3264-3271 www.ijcep.com /ISSN:1936-2625/IJCEP0000379 Original Article IgM expression in paraffin sections distinguishes follicular lymphoma from reactive follicular hyperplasia Yuanyuan Zheng, Xiaoge Zhou, Jianlan Xie, Hong Zhu, Shuhong Zhang, Yanning Zhang, Xuejing Wei, Bing Yue Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Received March 30, 2014; Accepted May 21, 2014; Epub May 15, 2014; Published June 1, 2014 Abstract: The trapping of IgM-containing immune complexes (ICs) by follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) serves as an important step in promoting germinal center (GC) formation. Thus, the deposition of IgM-containing ICs on FDCs can be detected by antibodies recognizing IgM. The present investigation provides the first comprehensive report on the IgM staining pattern in follicular lymphoma (FL, n = 60), with comparisons to reactive follicular hyperplasias (RFH, n = 25), demonstrating that immunohistochemical staining for IgM in paraffin-embedded sections seems to be an additional tool for differentiating between FL and RFH. In RFH, IgM highlighted processes of FDCs, with stronger and more compact staining in light than in dark zones, with occasional very dim staining of GC B cells. In FL, IgM expres- sion patterns were of three types. Pattern I (38 cases) stained tumor cells within neoplastic follicles, with no staining of FDCs. Pattern II (15 cases) stained neither tumor cells nor FDCs. Pattern III (7 cases) stained tumor cells with (3 cases) or without (4 cases) IgM expression; however, variable and attenuated IgM expression was observed on FDCs in each case. Interestingly, significant numbers of IgD+ mantle cells were preserved around the neoplastic follicles in these 7 cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Follicular Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Posterior Maxillary Site Presenting
    Watanabe et al. BMC Oral Health (2019) 19:243 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0936-9 CASE REPORT Open Access Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia of the posterior maxillary site presenting as uncommon entity: a case report and review of the literature Masato Watanabe* , Ai Enomoto, Yuya Yoneyama, Michihide Kohno, On Hasegawa, Yoko Kawase-Koga, Takafumi Satomi and Daichi Chikazu Abstract Background: Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia (FLH) is characterized by an increased number and size of lymphoid follicles. In some cases, the etiology of FLH is unclear. FLH in the oral and maxillofacial region is an uncommon benign entity which may resemble malignant lymphoma clinically and histologically. Case presentation: We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with an asymptomatic firm mass in the left posterior maxillary site. Computed tomography scan of her head and neck showed a clear circumscribed solid mass measuring 28 × 23 mm in size. There was no evidence of bone involvement. Incisional biopsy demonstrated benign lymphoid tissue. The patient underwent complete surgical resection. Histologically, the resected specimen showed scattered lymphoid follicles with germinal centers and predominant small lymphocytes in the interfollicular areas. Immunohistochemically, the lymphoid follicles were positive for CD20, CD79a, CD10, CD21, and Bcl6. The germinal centers were negative for Bcl2. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of benign FLH was made. There was no recurrence at 1 year postoperatively. Conclusions: We diagnosed an extremely rare case of FLH arising from an unusual site and whose onset of entity is unknown. Careful clinical and histopathological evaluations are essential in making a differential diagnosis from a neoplastic lymphoid proliferation with a nodular growth pattern.
    [Show full text]
  • 3. Ellis GL. Lymphoid Lesions of Salivary Glands: Malignant And
    Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2007 Nov 1;12(7):E479-85. Lymphoid lesions of salivary glands Lymphoid lesions of salivary glands: Malignant and Benign Gary L. Ellis D.D.S. Adjunct Professor, University of Utah School of Medicine. Director, Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. ARUP Laboratories. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Correspondence: Gary L. Ellis, D.D.S. 500 Chipeta Way Salt Lake City, UT, USA E-mail: [email protected] Received: 20-05-2007 Ellis GL. Lymphoid lesions of salivary glands: Malignant and Benign. Accepted: 10-06-2007 Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2007 Nov 1;12(7):E479-85. © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - ISSN 1698-6946 Indexed in: -Index Medicus / MEDLINE / PubMed -EMBASE, Excerpta Medica -SCOPUS -Indice Médico Español -IBECS ABSTRACT Lesions of salivary glands with a prominent lymphoid component are a heterogeneous group of diseases that include benign reactive lesions and malignant neoplasms. Occasionally, these pathologic entities present difficulties in the clinical and pathological diagnosis and prognosis. Lymphoepithelial sialadenitis, HIV-associated salivary gland disease, chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, Warthin tumor, and extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma are examples of this pathology that are sometimes problematic to differentiate from one another. In this paper the author reviewed the main clinical, pathological and prognostic features of these lesions. Key words: Lymphoepithelial sialadenitis, HIV-associated salivary gland disease, chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, Warthin tumor, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. INTRODUCTION tion of disease, and disease is often confined to the salivary Lymphocytic infiltrates of the major salivary glands are glands. Because normal parotid glands contain intra-paren- involved in a spectrum of diseases that range from reactive chymal nodal tissue, some parotid lymphomas have a nodal to benign and malignant neoplasms.
    [Show full text]
  • Overexpression of Glut1 in Lymphoid Follicles Correlates with False-Positive 18F-FDG PET Results in Lung Cancer Staging
    Overexpression of Glut1 in Lymphoid Follicles Correlates with False-Positive 18F-FDG PET Results in Lung Cancer Staging Jin-Haeng Chung, MD1; Kyung-Ja Cho, MD2; Seung-Sook Lee, MD1; Hee Jong Baek, MD3; Jong-Ho Park, MD3; Gi Jeong Cheon, MD4; Chang-Woon Choi, MD4; and Sang Moo Lim, MD4 1Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea; 2Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; 3Department of Thoracic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea; and 4Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea The evaluation of mediastinal lymph node involvement in non- Increased glucose uptake is one of the major metabolic small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is very important for the changes found in malignant tumors (1), a process that is selection of surgical candidates. PET using 18F-FDG has re- mediated by glucose transporters (Gluts) (2). On the basis of markably improved mediastinal staging in NSCLC. However, this relationship, PET using 18F-FDG has been widely used false 18F-FDG PET results remain a problem. This study was for the detection of primary and metastatic tumors in on- undertaken to identify histologic and immunohistochemical dif- 18 ferences between cases showing false and true results of me- cology patients (3). It is known that F-FDG PET is useful diastinal lymph node involvement assessed by 18F-FDG PET. and superior to CT for the nodal staging of non-small cell Methods: Preoperative 18F-FDG PET examinations were per- lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (4,5). However, FDG is not a formed on 62 patients with NSCLC, and mediastinal lymph node very tumor-specific substance, and benign lesions with in- sampling was done at thoracotomy or mediastinoscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Lymphadenopathy in Rheumatic Patients
    Ann Rheum Dis: first published as 10.1136/ard.46.3.224 on 1 March 1987. Downloaded from Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 1987; 46, 224-227 Lymphadenopathy in rheumatic patients C A KELLY, A J MALCOLM, AND I GRIFFITHS From the Departments of Rheumatology and Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne SUMMARY Lymph node biopsy specimens from 22 patients with chronic inflammatory joint disease have been studied. The histology has been reviewed and immunoperoxidase staining carried out for the major immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, macrophage markers, and MT1, MB1 surface markers. Although two of these patients had been initially diagnosed and treated for malignant lymphoma, the clinical course has not substantiated the diagnosis, and on review malignancy could not be identified in any of the biopsy specimens. Careful attention to specific histological features, together with adequate clinical information, is therefore essential if the true nature of the lymph node enlargement is to be recognised. Clinical review of the 22 patients suggested that lymphadenopathy may, in some cases, be an early feature of inflammatory polyarthritis, and this was supported by the observation that 20% of patients with otherwise unexplained reactive lymphadenopathy developed an inflammatory polyarthropathy within one year of biopsy. Key words: lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis, immunoglobulins. copyright. Lymph node enlargement often causes clinical the mean age of the group was 54 years (range 38-75 concern, especially when it is associated with sys- years), with a mean disease duration of seven years temic symptoms such as weight loss, anaemia, and (range one month to 20 years). Two patients had malaise.
    [Show full text]
  • Follicular Lymphoma, DLBCL, Large B-Cell Lymphoma with IRF4 Rearrangement, Burkitt Lymphoma Case 3 Case 3 Case 3 CD20 CD10 Ki-67
    MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD GENERAL HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL PATHOLOGY Case 3 Abner Louissaint, Jr. MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Pathology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Case 3 • 28 year old man with childhood asthma status post tonsillectomy (pathology showed benign lymphoid hyperplasia). • Six months later he felt a painless lump on the left side of his face. • Imaging found a 2.1 x 2.1 x 1.5 cm preauricular mobile mass within the parotid gland. • FNA showed viably sized atypical lymphocytes, including large cells with irregular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Flow showed a CD10+ B cell population with monoclonal kappa light chain expression cell population. • Clinical Differential: Follicular lymphoma, DLBCL, Large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement, Burkitt lymphoma Case 3 Case 3 Case 3 CD20 CD10 Ki-67 CD21 BCL2 Ki-67 Additional Information • MUM1 IHC is negative • FISH for BCL2 and BCL6 gene rearrangements are negative • Imaging shows that disease is localized Diagnosis : Pediatric-Type Follicular Lymphoma Follicular Lymphoma Variants and Related Entities Variants • In situ follicular neoplasia • Duodenal-type follicular lymphoma • Extranodal follicular lymphoma • FL with predominantly diffuse growth pattern and 1p36 deletion Distinct Entities • Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma • Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma *New • Large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 translocation *New Follicular lymphoma • 20% of All lymphomas • Mean Age: 6th decade • M:F = 1:1.7 • Often advanced stage • Sites: lymph nodes, marrow,
    [Show full text]
  • Lymphoid Lesions of the Head and Neck: a Model of Lymphocyte Homing and Lymphomagenesis Elaine S
    Lymphoid Lesions of the Head and Neck: A Model of Lymphocyte Homing and Lymphomagenesis Elaine S. Jaffe, M.D. Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland Lymphomagenesis is not a random event but is Lymphoid lesions of the head and neck mainly affect usually site specific. It is dependent on lymphocyte the nasopharynx, nasal and paranasal sinuses, and homing, as well as the underlying biology and func- salivary glands. These three compartments each are tion of the resident lymphoid tissues. The head and affected by a different spectrum of lymphoid malig- neck region contains several compartments: the na- nancies and can serve as model for mechanisms of sopharynx, nasal and paranasal sinuses, and sali- lymphomagenesis. The type of lymphoma seen re- vary glands, each of which is affected by a different flects the underlying biology and function of the par- subset of benign and neoplastic lymphoid prolifer- ticular site involved. The nasopharynx and Waldeyer’s ations (Table 1). These three sites can serve as a ring are functionally similar to the mucosal associated model of lymphomagenesis that can be extended to lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the gastrointestinal tract other organ systems. Indeed, the head and neck and are most commonly affected by B-cell lympho- region can serve as a microcosm for understanding mas, with mantle cell lymphoma being a relatively the principles of lymphoma classification and the frequent subtype. The most prevalent lymphoid lesion distribution of lymphoma subtypes in other organ of the salivary gland is lymphoepithelial sialadenitis, systems. associated with Sjögren’s syndrome. Lymphoepithe- The nasopharynx normally contains abundant lial sialadenitis is a condition in which MALT is ac- lymphoid tissue.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathology of Lymphatic System
    Pathology of lymphatic system BY RABAB AHMED SAFWAT LECTURER OF PATHOLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICINE MINIA UNIVERSITY LYMPHOID TISSUE 3 types Diffuse lymphatic tissue No capsule present Found in connective tissue of almost all organs Lymphatic nodules No capsule present Oval-shaped masses Found singly or in clusters Lymphatic organs Capsule present Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland 1- LYMPH NODE Lymph node histology lymphadenopathy Causes of lymphadenopathy 1-Reactive lymphadenopathy 2- Malignant lymphomas (primary) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma-NHL Hodgkin’s lymphoma 3- Metastatic tumors (secondary) I-REACTIVE LYMPHADENOPATHY Reactive lymphadenopathy=Reactive lymphadenitis Reactive processes are analyzed by their architectural features into Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with 1)Follicular hyperplasia 2) Parafollicular hyperplasia 3)Sinus histocytosis Reactive processes are analyzed by their Etiological features into 1)Infectious a) acute ….acute lymphadenitis due to draning inflamed area b) chronic Non specific ….non specific lymphadenitis Specific……due to certain AE. 2)Immunological Rheumatoid arthritis Lupus erythematosus Sjögren's syndrome 3)Unknowncauses Sarcoidosis I-REACTIVE LYMPHADENOPATHY REACTIVE LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA It is non-specific response and is categorized into three types depending upon the pattern. These are: follicular hyperplasia, paracortical hyperplasia and sinus histiocytosis. Some types characteristic of certain diseases, but most not 1-Follicular hyperplasia- Characterized by Increases number and Marked enlargement and prominence of the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles (proliferation of B-cell areas), it may be Reactive non specific or associated with(specific) Collagen vascular diseases Systemic toxoplasmosis Syphillis HIV 2- Interfollicular hyperplasia- paracortex Characterized by Expansion of the paracortex (T-cell area) with T-lymphocytes transformed immunoblastsit esinophils and plasma cells .
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Study of Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia Lymph Node
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Morphological Study of Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia Lymph Node MUHAMMAD SADIQ, SHAHID MAHMOOD, SADIQ ABSTRACT Aim: To establish standard for diagnosis of reactive follicular hyperplasia of lymph node. Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed College Mirpur, Govt of AJK. 50 cases of reactive follicular hyperplasia were included in the study. Five micron thick, paraffin embedded sections were stained with H & E and reticulin stain. Results: The median number of follicles per low power field (4x objective x 10 eye piece) was 19. The mantle zone was present in 94% of cases. Fifty percent cases showed polarity of the follicles. Monomorphism was absent in all cases. The median number of mitotic figures per 5 follicles was 17 under high power magnification. The median number of tingible body macrophages was 35/5 follicles. Conclusion: The study distinguished the morphological features of reactive follicular hyperplasia which can be helpful to distinguish from follicular lymphoma. By studying the various histopathological features and employing morphological standards for the differentiation of reactive follicular hyperplasia from follicular lymphoma, an accurate diagnosis can be made in most of the cases. The preserved architecture; presence of tingible body macrophages, the mantle zone of mature lymphocytes and absence of monomorphism favour the diagnosis of follicular hyperplasia. Keywords: Lymph node, follicular hyperplasia, reactive hyperplasia INTRODUCTION hyperplasia is characterized by an increase in the Reactive hyperplasia is a benign proliferative disorder number and size of lymphoid follicles3. Many of cells of one or more of the different anatomical and enlarged lymphoid follicles also assume or coalesce immunological compartments of lymphoid tissue.
    [Show full text]
  • Thymic Hyperplasia with Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis (LESA)-Like Features: Strong Association with Lymphomas and Non-Myasthenic Autoimmune Diseases
    cancers Article Thymic Hyperplasia with Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis (LESA)-Like Features: Strong Association with Lymphomas and Non-Myasthenic Autoimmune Diseases Stefan Porubsky 1,2,*,† , Zoran V. Popovic 2,†, Sunil Badve 3 , Yara Banz 4, Sabina Berezowska 4,‡ , Dietmar Borchert 5 , Monika Brüggemann 6, Timo Gaiser 2, Thomas Graeter 7, Peter Hollaus 8, Katrin S. Huettl 9, Michaela Kotrova 6 , Andreas Kreft 1 , Christian Kugler 10, Fabian Lötscher 11 , Burkhard Möller 11, German Ott 9, Gerhard Preissler 12,§, Eric Roessner 13 , Andreas Rosenwald 14, Philipp Ströbel 15 and Alexander Marx 2 1 Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; [email protected] 2 Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; [email protected] (Z.V.P.); [email protected] (T.G.); [email protected] (A.M.) 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; [email protected] 4 Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; [email protected] (Y.B.); [email protected] (S.B.) 5 Department of Surgery, Armed Forces Hospital, Scharnhorststr.13, 10115 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] 6 Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, Medical Department II, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Citation: Porubsky, S.; Popovic, Z.V.; Langer Segen 8-10, 24105 Kiel, Germany; [email protected] (M.B.); Badve, S.; Banz, Y.; Berezowska, S.; [email protected] (M.K.) 7 Borchert, D.; Brüggemann, M.; Gaiser, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Klinik Löwenstein, Geißhölzle 62, 74245 Löwenstein, Germany; T.; Graeter, T.; Hollaus, P.; et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Blot Profiles, Lymph Node Ultrastructure and Viral Expression in HIV-Infected Patients: a Correlative Study
    Clin. exp. Immunol. (1987) 68, 465-478 Western blot profiles, lymph node ultrastructure and viral expression in HIV-infected patients: a correlative study P. U. CAMERON, R. L. DAWKINS, J. A. ARMSTRONG* & E. BONIFACIO Departments of Clinical Immunology and *Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital and Department of Clinical Immunology, The Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia (Acceptedfor publication 15 December 1986) SUMMARY Sequential immunoblotting was performed on 64 patients infected with human immuno- deficiency virus (HIV). Antibody profiles were related to immune function, T subsets and clinical features. In 20 patients, lymph node biopsy revealed a relationship between progressive follicular destruction, low antibody titres and ultrastructural evidence ofviral replication and accumulation. Retroviral particles, including budding profiles, were confined to labyrinths formed from hypertrophied follicular dendritic (FD) cells; in some cases, including those with AIDS, the labyrinths showed degenerative changes. The demonstration of high antibody levels in asymptomatic patients with an intact FD cell network and low virion load suggests that antibody may have a protective role in vivo. Analysis of lymph node ultrastructure allows assessment of viral load and FD cell morphology. When combined with immunoblotting, it may be possible to improve prognostic stratification of patients with HIV infection. Keywords HIV serology lymph node ultrastructure AIDS follicular dendritic cell INTRODUCTION Immunoblotting against HIV viral lysate is the most commonly used confirmatory test for anti-HIV antibodies. This test remains poorly standardized and there is considerable variability in the profiles of seropositive patients. False positives and negatives have been reported and many tests may be regarded as indeterminate. The reasons for the differences between subjects remain poorly understood.
    [Show full text]