DOCSLIB.ORG

Shannon's Well Woman Assignment: Week 5 Anovulation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Shannon's Well Woman Assignment: Week 5 Anovulation Shannon’s Well Woman Assignment: Week 5 Anovulation Chapter 7 1. What are the 4 main phases that cause a woman’s anovulation/irregular cycle? Why does each affect ovulation? The four main phases that cause a woman’s anovulation/irregular cycle are adolescence, coming off the Pill, pregnancy and breastfeeding, and premenopause. During adolescence, anovulation/irregular cycles are caused by the fluctuating estrogen levels. Cycles gradually become more regular and ovulation occurs more predictably over the course of several years as the hormonal feedback system matures and estrogen levels normalize. When a woman stops taking the Pill, it may take several cycles for the levels of estrogen to rise high enough to trigger ovulation. In addition, women who used the Pill as a “treatment” for preexisting anovulation/irregular cycles will find that these problems reappear after going off the Pill. The Pill does not solve the underlying problem; it only masks the symptoms. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the hormones promoting the maturation and ovulation of an egg (specifically FSH and LH during both times, and estrogen during breastfeeding) are suppressessed, which causes anovulation and either a complete cessation of menstruation (as in pregnancy and usually the first months of exclusive breastfeeding) or irregular/anovulatory cycles (if the woman is not exclusively breastfeeding). A breastfeeding woman could go a year or more without ovulating and experience the same Basic Infertile Pattern (BIP), whether it be dry, sticky, or a combination of both, day after day. Fertile quality cervical fluid won’t appear because of low estrogen levels, which are indirectly caused by prolactin. Premenopause, which is the period of time (usually about 13 years before a woman’s last period) leading up to the full cessation of ovulation and menstruation (menopause), is characterized by a gradually but significant decrease in fertility. Due to a shortening luteal phase, the cycles become longer and ovulation occurs less and less frequently. 2. What is estrogen withdrawal bleeding? What about estrogen breakthrough bleeding? Estrogen withdrawal bleeding refers to spotting that occurs immediately following the Peak Day due to the drop in estrogen. It also refers to the bleeding that occurs during the week that a woman is not taking the contraceptive pill. Estrogen breakthrough bleeding is light or brown spotting leading up to the Peak Day that is the result of excess estrogen without the presence of progesterone to sustain it. It can also refer to the potentially heavy bleeding that occurs in anovulatory cycles in which the lining which has been building due to the effects of estrogen can’t sustain itself, and is sloughed off. 3. Discuss each of the following as it relates to the menstrual cycle (You may make a chart if it is easier): illness, stress, travel, exercise, ovarian cysts, weight fluctuations. Illness: Illness can only affect the menstrual cycle if it occurs during the follicular (or first) phase, or in other words, before ovulation. Ovulation can be delayed or prevented altogether for that cycle. Should illness take place during the luteal (or second) phase of the cycle, it should not affect menstruation. This is because the luteal phase usually has a very consistent life span of 12 to 16 days and varies little for the individual woman. Stress: Whether physiological or psychological, stress is one of the most common causes of occasional long cycles. Stress delays rather than accelerates ovulation in most cases. Because the timing of ovulation determines how long the cycle will be, a woman who experiences stress before she ovulates will most likely not ovulate at all or will ovulate later than she normally does, thus leading to a later menstruation. Travel: Because travel is viewed by the body as a form of stress, ovulation is often delayed, which leads to extremely long cycles. Alternatively, ovulation and menstruation may cease altogether until a time when the woman is more settled and comfortable in her own home environment again. Exercise: Depending on the intensity of exercises one engages in, it has the potential to delay or even prevent ovulation completely. The women most affected are competitive athletes with a very low ratio of body fat to total body weight, such as ballet dancers, swimmers, gymnasts, and runners. These findings are not one hundred percent conclusive as other factors such as physical and emotional stress, diet, and changes in thyroid metabolism (things all of these women commonly struggle with) also play a part in affecting the cycle. Ovarian cysts: One of the most common causes of temporary anovulation and irregular cycles is the presence of ovarian cysts. They can prevent ovulation if they occur during the preovulatory phase of the cycle, and can cause irregular cycles (a shorter or longer luteal phase) if they are present during the postovulatory phase. In most cases, they are not serious and go away on their own. Weight fluctuations: Both extremes of being too thin or being overweight can affect the menstrual cycle by preventing ovulation from occuring. In order for the average woman to maintain normal ovulatory cycles, she should maintain a body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 24, which means that she has approximately 22% body fat. Those who are too thin, such as those with anorexia, or those who lose 10-15% of their body weight (or about one third of their body fat) don’t have enough body fat needed to produce the hormones necessary to ovulate. On the other extreme, those who are overweight have too much body fat. This is a problem because too much body fat can lead to excess estrogen production, which disrupts the hormonal feedback system that signals the egg follicles to mature. 4. This question deals with medical issues relating to the menstrual cycle and ovulation. For each, explain how they affect ovulation: hypothyroidism, PCOS, POI, endometriosis, excessive prolactin. Hypothyroidism: Because thyroid health is directly connected to a woman’s cycle, any change in thyroid function will lead to a change in the cycle. With regards to hypothyroidism, the thyroid is functioning in a diminished capacity. This means that it is not producing enough of the hormones (T4 and T3) necessary to maintain the correct functioning of the body, and specifically the ovaries. Ovulation is often delayed or prevented completely when the thyroid is underperforming. PCOS: One of the most common causes of anovulation and irregular cycles, PCOS affects up to 10% of all women. This serious hormonal disorder impacts not only the ovaries but also almost every other organ in the body. In this condition, the body produces an imbalanced amount of hormones that control the maturation of follicles. Many immature follicles are present on the ovary (creating a “string of pearls” appearance on the outer surface of the ovary when seen on an ultrasound), but the correct hormone levels necessary to trigger ovulation are often lacking. Sometimes ovulation does occur, but in many cases, women with PCOS have very irregular cycles, ones that last longer than 35 days, or do not ovulate at all. POI: Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, which may also be referred to as Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) or Premature Menopause, is an endocrine disorder in which women don’t produce enough estrogen, and thus stop ovulating normally. This may occur years or even decades before menopause would normally occur. Endometriosis: A fairly common condition, endometriosis is characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue in areas other than the uterus, such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries, or even bladder. Something important to remember is that the degree of pain the condition causes is not related to its severity. A woman may be asymptomatic, or she may have lower abdominal pain that worsens during menstruation, pain during intercourse, and usually long menstrual periods. Endometriosis can cause irregular cycles and infertility. Additional symptoms include short menstrual cycles (less than 27 days) with periods lasting longer than eight days, very few days of wet cervical fluid or even dry days throughout the cycle, and a normal luteal phase (12 to 16 days) with abnormally low temperatures hovering near the coverline, potentially signalling that progesterone levels are lower than normal. Chapter 8 1. What are the most common types of ovarian cysts? How are they treated? The most common types of ovarian cysts are functional cysts, which develop as a result of the normal function of the menstrual cycle. Instead of following a typical path, they continue to grow beyond normal. They may cause anovulatory, irregular, or confusing cycles. Currently, there is no consensus among physicians regarding how to define or treat functional cysts. Surgery can be used to treat all cysts, but should only be used as a last resort due to its potential to cause adhesions and affect future fertility. There are three types of functional cysts: follicular, luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF), and corpus luteum cyst. They all have hormonal causes and may occur only once or often. A follicular cyst forms when the follicle surrounding the egg continues to grow as ovulation approaches, but doesn’t rupture to release the egg, as it normally would. Instead, the follicle enlarges into a cyst that encases the egg inside, preventing ovulation. Follicular cysts will usually resolve on their own, typically by Day 5 of the next time of bleeding. A progesterone injection can be used if the woman experiences chronic pelvic pain. Other treatment options, which are less favorable include birth control pills and ovarian surgery. A luteinized unruptured follicle cyst forms when the mature egg remains encased in the follicle (which has undergone all the necessary sequences of a normal ovulation, including the formation of a corpus luteum that produces progesterone) instead of bursting out of it during ovulation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ISUOG Basic Training Examining the Uterus, Cervix, Ovaries and Adnexae: Abnormal Findings
    ISUOG Basic Training Examining the Uterus, Cervix, Ovaries and Adnexae: Abnormal Findings Douglas Dumbrill, South Africa EditableBasic training text here Learning objective At the end of the lecture you will be able to: • compare the differences between typical normal and common abnormal appearances presenting in gynecological ultrasound examinations EditableBasic training text here Key questions • How do the ultrasound appearances of fibroids and adenomyosis differ? • What are the typical ultrasound appearances of the most common endometrial and intracavitary pathologies? • What are the typical ultrasound appearances of the most common pathologies in the adnexae? • How do I describe my ultrasound findings using the standardized IOTA and IETA terminology? • Which patients should I refer for specialist opinion? EditableBasic training text here The basis for ultrasound diagnosis in gynecology • Gray scale ultrasound • To use Doppler ultrasound, you must – be familiar with Doppler physics – understand the pitfalls of Doppler ultrasound – recognize Doppler artefacts • Doppler settings must be correct – Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) 0.3- 0.6 KHz EditableBasic training text here Common myometrial pathology • Myoma • Adenomyosis EditableBasic training text here Most common myometrial pathology - myoma Round, oval or lobulated solid tumor casting stripy shadows EditableBasic training text here Hyperechogenic uterine myoma EditableBasic training text here Cystically degenerated myomas EditableBasic training text here Typical myoma Round, oval
    [Show full text]
  • American Family Physician Web Site At
    Diagnosis and Management of Adnexal Masses VANESSA GIVENS, MD; GREGG MITCHELL, MD; CAROLYN HARRAWAY-SMITH, MD; AVINASH REDDY, MD; and DAVID L. MANESS, DO, MSS, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee Adnexal masses represent a spectrum of conditions from gynecologic and nongynecologic sources. They may be benign or malignant. The initial detection and evaluation of an adnexal mass requires a high index of suspicion, a thorough history and physical examination, and careful attention to subtle historical clues. Timely, appropriate labo- ratory and radiographic studies are required. The most common symptoms reported by women with ovarian cancer are pelvic or abdominal pain; increased abdominal size; bloating; urinary urgency, frequency, or incontinence; early satiety; difficulty eating; and weight loss. These vague symptoms are present for months in up to 93 percent of patients with ovarian cancer. Any of these symptoms occurring daily for more than two weeks, or with failure to respond to appropriate therapy warrant further evaluation. Transvaginal ultrasonography remains the standard for evaluation of adnexal masses. Findings suggestive of malignancy in an adnexal mass include a solid component, thick septations (greater than 2 to 3 mm), bilaterality, Doppler flow to the solid component of the mass, and presence of ascites. Fam- ily physicians can manage many nonmalignant adnexal masses; however, prepubescent girls and postmenopausal women with an adnexal mass should be referred to a gynecologist or gynecologic oncologist for further treatment. All women, regardless of menopausal status, should be referred if they have evidence of metastatic disease, ascites, a complex mass, an adnexal mass greater than 10 cm, or any mass that persists longer than 12 weeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Ovarian Cysts
    Midlands Family Medicine 611 West Francis St. Suite 100 North Platte, NE 69101 Phone: (308) 534-2532 Fax: (308) 534-6615 Education Ovarian Cysts What are ovarian cysts? Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs in or on an ovary. The two ovaries are part of the female reproductive system. They produce eggs and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. How do they occur? Ovarian cysts are common and occur in two types: functional and abnormal. Functional cysts are quite normal. They may develop as a result of the normal functions of an ovary. The most common types of functional cysts are follicular and corpus luteum cysts: A follicular cyst forms when the follicle of an ovary gets bigger and fills with fluid as it produces an egg. A corpus luteum cyst occurs after an egg has been released from the follicle. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum usually disintegrates. However, occasionally it swells with fluid or blood and remains on the surface of the ovary as a cyst. Functional cysts should not occur after menopause. Abnormal cysts result from abnormal cell growth. Sometimes abnormal cysts are caused by cancer, but 95% of cysts are not cancerous. The most common abnormal cysts are dermoid cysts. These cysts are similar to skin tissue on the outside and are filled with fatty material and sometimes bits of bone, hair, nerve tissue, and cartilage. You have a higher risk for getting an ovarian cyst if: You have pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). You have endometriosis. You have bulimia. You are taking a drug for epilepsy called valproate.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating the Perception and Awareness of Patients Regarding Ovarian Cysts in Peshawar, Pakistan
    Azhar et al Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research August 2014; 13 (8): 1361-1366 ISSN: 1596-5996 (print); 1596-9827 (electronic) © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved. Available online at http://www.tjpr.org http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i8.23 Original Research Article Evaluating the Perception and Awareness of Patients Regarding Ovarian Cysts in Peshawar, Pakistan Saira Azhar1*, Iffat Almas1, Nisar-ur-Rehman1, Sarfraz Ahmed2, Mohammad Ismail Tajik3 and Ghulam Murtaza1 1Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan, 2School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, 3Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan *For correspondence: Email: [email protected]; Tel: +92-307-6724266; Fax: +92-992-383441 Received: 22 February 2014 Revised accepted: 29 June 2014 Abstract Purpose: To evaluate patients’ perception regarding ovarian cyst as well as their awareness of the symptoms and health management of the disease. Methods: A quantitative research approach was used to conduct this study. Patients were selected from the Gynecology wards, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar and a questionnaire was designed to evaluate the patients’ knowledge and awareness. Results: When women were asked if they had prior knowledge about the ovarian cyst, 37 (58.7 %) responded that they were first told by the physician during their visit to the clinic or hospital while the patients responded, “Still don’t know” are 22 (34.9 %). With respect to educational level of the patients, they seemed to be less aware of the disease. Their perception regarding the disease is that they had a “water filled” balloon or tumor.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Genital Tract Cysts
    Review Article Female Genital Tract Cysts Harun Toy, Fatma Yazıcı Konya University, Meram Medical Faculty, Abstract Department of Obstetric and Gynacology, Konya, Turkey Cystic diseases in the female pelvis are common. Cysts of the female genital tract comprise a large number of physiologic and pathologic Eur J Gen Med 2012;9 (Suppl 1):21-26 cysts. The majority of cystic pelvic masses originate in the ovary, and Received: 27.12.2011 they can range from simple, functional cysts to malignant ovarian tumors. Non-ovarian cysts of female genital system are appeared at Accepted: 12.01.2012 least as often as ovarian cysts. In this review, we aimed to discuss the most common cystic lesions the female genital system. Key words: Female, genital tract, cyst Kadın Genital Sistem Kistleri Özet Kadınlarda pelvik kistik hastalıklar sık gözlenmektedir. Kadın genital sistem kistleri çok sayıda patolojik ve fizyolojik kistten oluşmaktadır. Pelvik kistlerin büyük çoğunluğu over kaynaklı olup, basit ve fonksi- yonel kistten malign over tumörlerine kadar değişebilmektedir. Over kaynaklı olmayan genital sistem kistleri ise en az over kistleri kadar sık karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Biz bu derlememizde, kadın genital sisteminde en sık karşılaşabileceğimiz kistik lezyonları tartışmayı amaçladık. Anahtar kelimeler: Kadın, genital sistem, kist Correspondence: Dr. Harun Toy Harun Toy, MD, Konya University, Meram Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetric and Gynacology, 42060 Konya, Turkey. Tel:+903322237863 E-mail:[email protected] European Journal of General Medicine Female genital tract cysts FEMALE GENITAL TRACT CYSTS II. CERVIX UTERI Lesions of the female reproductive system comprise a A. Benign Diseases large number of physiologic and pathologic cysts (Table 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemoperitoneum from Spontaneous Rupture of Corpus Luteal Cyst: a Case Report and Literature Review
    Advances in Cytology & Pathology Case Report Open Access Hemoperitoneum from spontaneous rupture of corpus luteal cyst: a case report and literature review Abstract Volume 2 Issue 5 - 2017 Hemoperitoneum resulting from various gynecological emergencies can be life Garima Vats, Bindiya Gupta, Shalini Rajaram, threatening and ruptured corpus luteal cyst is one of the causes. Here we are reporting a case of 25yrs women with history acute pain abdomen on 19th day of her mentstrual Neerja Goel University College of medical sciences, India cycle. Ultrasound showed collection in pelvic cavity mainly around right adnexa. After few hours of observation she was taken for laparotomy because of tense and Correspondence: Garima Vats, University college of medical tender abdomen. Intraoperative there was hemoperitoneum of around 500 cc with sciences, GTB hospital, c-48, Naya Bazar, Najafgarh, New Delhi, ruptured corpus luteal cyst of right ovary. Ruptured corpus luteum cyst should be India, Tel 9958093243, Email [email protected] kept in differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in women of reproductive age group especially in secretory phase. Timely diagnosis and management can save patient life. Received: November 08, 2016 | Published: December 08, 2017 Introduction min. and blood pressure was 100/60mm of Hg. Her abdomen was soft, non tender and non tense. On per vaginal examination uterus was In women of reproductive age group acute pelvic pain is frequent of normal size, anteverted, cervical motion tenderness was present, gynecological cause of emergency. Various differential diagnoses bilateral fornices were clear and non tender. She presented on 19th including non gynecological cases should be kept in mind while day of her menstrual cycle with her previous cycle was regular.
    [Show full text]
  • Obstetrics & Gynaecology Pelvic Pain- Gynaecological Causes
    OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY PELVIC PAIN- GYNAECOLOGICAL CAUSES Differential Diagnosis of Pelvic Pain in Females Obstetric Gynaecological Other Ectopic pregnancy Ovarian cyst rupture/ torsion Appendicitis Ruptured corpus luteum cyst Pelvic Inflammatory Disease UTI- Cystitis Miscarriage Endometriosis Adhesions Placental abruption Degenerative fibroid Strangulated hernia Ovarian cyst rupture/ torsion Ovarian cysts are common, often causing no symptoms unless they rupture or cause ovarian/ adnexal torsion Divided into o Functional cysts i.e. part of the normal menstrual cycle e.g. follicular/ corpus luteum cysts o Non- functional cysts e.g. dermoid cysts or chocolate cysts associated with endometriosis Rupture is usually self- limiting but may cause varying degrees of pain and in rare cases can cause haemorrhage Ovarian cysts increase the risk of ovarian torsion as the irregularity creates a pivot on which the structures can twist Torsion involves the ovary (& fallopian tube) twisting on its pedicle (suspensory ligament which contains the ovarian vessels) Causes vascular occlusion, & subsequent infarction and necrosis Symptoms will include sudden onset unilateral iliac fossa pain Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Infection of the upper female reproductive system including the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries & internal pelvis It may be asymptomatic or may cause abdominal/ pelvic pain, dysuria, dyspareunia, fever, discharge or irregular menstruation If untreated it causes increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, infertility and malignancy Most often caused by sexually transmitted infections e.g. Chlamydia trachomatis & Neisseria gonorrhoea other causes include E.coli and streptococcal species If STI/ PID are suspected advise the patient to attend the Sandyford clinic CAP 26 HAP 31 Kevin Gervin 9/3/17 Endometriosis Caused by uterine tissue (endometrium) grows outside the uterus.
    [Show full text]
  • ACCIDENTS to OVARIAN CYSTS *Mishra Jyoti
    ACCIDENTS TO OVARIAN CYSTS REVIEW ARTICLE Mishra Jyoti ACCIDENTS TO OVARIAN CYSTS *Mishra Jyoti *Dr. Jyoti Mishra Gynae Endoscopic & Robotic surgeon, Head, Dept. of Minimal Access Gynae Surgery, Pushpanjali Crosslay Hospital, Ghaziabad (Delhi, NCR), India INTRODUCTION ACCIDENTS TO OVARIAN CYSTS Ovulation, a monthly physiological event, is a sequel of fine Table No. 2 balance between hormones & local factors. Hormonal imbalance, pelvic infections, diseases of the ovary, use of ! Torsion ovulation inducing drugs & many more factors can lead to ! Haemorrhage formation of ovarian cysts. These cysts occur most frequently ! Rupture in reproductive life, though no one from fetal life till old age is ! Infection immune to them. The most common types of benign cysts ! Pregnancy related complications encountered in clinical practice are listed in table1. ! Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) COMMON TYPES OF OVARIAN CYSTS SEEN IN TORSION OF OVARIAN CYST CLINICAL PRACTICE Also called axial rotation, torsion is known to happen in a Table No. 1 normal sized ovary in children & adolescents due to physiological mobility of organs. It is more frequently ! Follicular cyst encountered in women of reproductive age group, with ovarian ! Lutein cyst enlargement. It is most typically seen in a cyst of 10 to15 cm. ! Granulosa lutein size, with a long pedicle lying in abdomen, where there is more ! Theca lutein space. Hence it is most commonly seen in dermoid cysts due to ! Endometrioma their small to medium size & high mobility & is least likely in ! Dermoid cyst chocolate cysts due to presence of adhesions. ! Cyst adenoma ! Serous Evidence of axial rotation is seen in 12% of ovarian tumours ! Mucinous coming for operation.1 Adnexal torsion is the fifth most common gynecologic surgical emergency, with a prevalence Ovarian cysts may remain asymptomatic for long or may lead of approximately 3%.
    [Show full text]
  • Common & Uncommon Ectopic Pregnancies
    Common & Uncommon Ectopic Pregnancies Dr. Gayatri Joshi, MD [email protected] @GayatriJoshiMD June 2, 2019 Disclosures No financial or other disclosures related to this exhibit. @GayatriJoshiMD Learning Objecves ü Recall relevant normal gynecologic anatomy and the appearance ofn ormal 1st trimester intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) ü Idenfy risk factors, imaging findings, and complicaons of ectopic pregnancies, including common ectopic implantaon in the fallopian tube, as well as less common ectopic sites such as cornual, ovarian, Cesarean sec2on scar, cervical, abdominal, and heterotopic pregnancies ü Demonstrate techniques for improving diagnosc accuracy during sonographic evaluaon @GayatriJoshiMD Background Ectopic pregnancies (EP) can pose a diagnosc challenge – Devastang consequences when missed or misdiagnosed – Can result in significant morbidity and mortality When diagnosed early and accurately, many complicaons can be avoided with appropriate medical or surgical intervenon. @GayatriJoshiMD Background Physical exam and clinical presentaon: oen nonspecific or ambiguous during pregnancy, especially when ectopic implantaon is suspected Important to be familiar with: – Spectrum of ectopic implantaon sites – Key US features of both common and uncommon ectopic pregnancies – Complicaons @GayatriJoshiMD Anatomy UTERUS ENDOMETRIAL CAVITY OVARY CERVIX VAGINA @GayatriJoshiMD Anatomy • Intersial Segment: Surrounded by uterine myometrium (referred to as the intersal, intrauterine, myometrial, intramural, or cornual poron of the fallopian tube)
    [Show full text]
  • Haemoperitoneum from Spontaneous Rupture of Corpus Luteal Cyst in a Case of Dengue with Thrombocytopenia - a Rare Presentation
    Jemds.com Case Report Haemoperitoneum from Spontaneous Rupture of Corpus Luteal Cyst in a Case of Dengue with Thrombocytopenia - A Rare Presentation Mangala Chandrapal Raajput1, Shruti Shah2, Bhagyashree Priyadarshan Chitale3, Eric John David4, Karthika Laxmi Dulam5, Mahija Venkata Sringaram6 1Department of OBG, Wanless Mission Hospital, Miraj, Maharashtra, India. 2Department of OBG, Wanless Mission Hospital, Miraj, Maharashtra, India. 3Department of OBG, Wanless Mission Hospital, Miraj, Maharashtra, India. 4Department of OBG, Wanless Mission Hospital, Miraj, Maharashtra, India. 5Department of OBG, Wanless Mission Hospital, Miraj, Maharashtra, India. 6Department of Medicine, Wanless Mission Hospital, Miraj, Maharashtra, India. INTRODUCTION Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes, mainly Aedes Corresponding Author: aegypti and albopictus. Dengue illness is clinically characterized by sudden onset of Dr. Shruti Shah. fever, intense headache, retro orbital pain, myalgia, maculopapular rash, minor Wanless Mission Hospital, Miraj, Maharashtra, India. bleeding manifestations like petechial rashes, gum bleeding, and severe E-mail: [email protected] haemorrhagic manifestations like haematemesis, epistaxis & haemoperitoneum. Haemorrhagic manifestations can occur at any stage. Dengue shock syndrome is a DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2020/643 dangerous complication with high mortality.1 Increased vascular permeability together with myocardial dysfunction, dehydration contributes to development of How to Cite This Article: shock resulting in multi-organ failure like liver damage, neurological manifestation & Raajput MC, Shah S, Chitale BP, et al. corpus luteal cyst rupture. Endothelial dysfunction induced by cytokines and Haemoperitoneum from spontaneous rupture of corpus luteal cyst in a case of chemical mediators, results in shock. Corpus luteum is a functional cyst developing in dengue with thrombocytopenia - a rare luteal phase of ovarian cycle, which regresses spontaneously to corpus albicans when presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Fact Sheet Ovarian Cysts
    Fact Sheet Ovarian Cysts If you are reading this you have probably been told These are not true ‘cysts’ because they are you have a cyst on your ovary and are worrying under 1cm in size and we call them follicles. that: On average, there are 5 -10 follicles in each it could be cancer ovary but this varies with age; young women it will affect your fertility (chances of having a generally have a lot of follicles, while women in baby) their 40s have only a few and women past the it may need surgery menopause usually have none. We hope this Fact Sheet answers some of your Each of these follicles houses an ‘egg’ which may questions and reassures you that: become a baby if the egg is fertilised by a sperm. ovarian cysts are common and often go away by themselves Each month one follicle becomes the ‘dominant ovarian cysts are seldom cancer (especially in follicle’ and grows to about 20 mm (2 cm) before women under 50 years, but even older women) releasing the egg. ovarian cysts usually don’t prevent you from Once the egg has been released, the follicle falling pregnant in the future changes to form a structure called a corpus luteum. The corpus luteum is like a small factory, It is also reassuring to know that if surgery is making large amounts of female hormones over needed, it can usually be done via small cuts. This the next 10 days to prepare the lining of the is called laparoscopic, or keyhole, surgery.
    [Show full text]
  • Different Clinical Presentation of Corpus Lutealcyst Haemorrhage:Case Report
    IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 18, Issue 2 Ser. 3 (February. 2019), PP 06-08 www.iosrjournals.org Different Clinical Presentation of Corpus Lutealcyst Haemorrhage:Case Report Suman Kumari1*,Pratiksha Gupta2, Pallavi Shekhawat,3Anupama Rani4 1,2, 3,4Department of Obstectrics and Gynaecology,ESI, PGIMSR ,Basaidarapur,New Delhi, India *Corresponding author:Dr. SumanKumari Abstract:The corpus luteum is a temporary hormone secreting remnant formed after rupture of a mature ovarian follicle to release an ovum. Sometimes, it may fill with blood or other fluids, forming a cyst and rupture in rare cases to cause hemoperitoneum which can be life threatening. We have discussed here two cases of patients presenting with acute pain abdomen which were due tohemoperitoneum resulting from ruptured corpus luteum cyst.CASE 1: A 25year old nulligravida woman undergoing infertility workup at a private hospital came to ESI, gynae casualty with complaint of acute pain abdomen .Her UPT(Urine Pregnancy test) was negative and LMP(last menstrual period) 19 days back. She was misdiagnosed as a case of acute PID(pelvic inflammatory disease)and kept for observation but after few hours, she was taken for laprotomysuspecting could be ectopic pregnancy because her vitals deteriorated and repeat TVS(transvaginalsonography) showed increase in free fluid in pelvis. Laprotomy findings revealed it to be a case of ruptured corpus luteal cyst with hemoperitoneum.CASE 2: Another 35 year old lady, P3L3 with history of MVR (mitral valve replacement) one year back,on anticoagulants, came with complaint of acute pain abdomen for oneday.
    [Show full text]