ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAND WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTER IN DH. RINBUDHOO
Prepared by: Ahmed Hassaan Zuhair Prepared for: Ministry of Environment and Energy
January 2018 Contents DECLARATION OF THE AUTHOR ...... 2 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ...... 3
ާސާލުޚ ާދާސ ...... 4 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 5 1.1. Project Background and Justification ...... 5 1.2. Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Permits ...... 6 1.3. Desk Study Review ...... 6 1.4. Report Preparation ...... 7 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 8 2.1. Location and Study Area ...... 8 2.2. Project Components ...... 8 2.3. Construction Schedule ...... 11 2.4. Project Inputs and Outputs ...... 11 CHAPTER 3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 14 3.1. Current Waste Management Practices ...... 14 3.2. Unassigned Waste Dumping ...... 15 3.3. Project Site and Access Road ...... 17 3.4. Coastal Erosion ...... 18 3.5. Vegetation ...... 21 3.6. Environmental Sensitive Areas ...... 22 CHAPTER 4 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION ...... 23 4.1. Impact Assessment Methodology...... 23 4.2. Potential Impacts of the Project ...... 26 CHAPTER 5 MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 30 CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 38 6.1. Monitoring Program ...... 38 6.2. Responsibility ...... 39 6.3. Reporting...... 39 CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION ...... 41 REFERENCES ...... 42 APPENDICES ...... 43
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DECLARATION OF THE AUTHOR
I hereby declare that the information provided in this EMP are true, complete and accurate to the best of my knowledge and is based on the information available at the time of writing.
Ahmed Hassaan Zuhair
Environmental and Social Safeguards Officer
Maldives Clean Environment Project
Ministry of Environment and Energy
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NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY
The proposed development of Island Waste Management Center (IWMC) in Dh Rinbudhoo is funded by the Public Sector Investment Program (PSIP) of the Government of Maldives. The aim of this project is to alleviate current waste management problems endured by the island community and thereby improve the overall environmental and public health condition of the island.
The proposed IWMC will be developed in a 625 square meters’ area located in the south west side of the island. This site maintains sufficient distance from the residential population and vegetation line and meets the land allocation criteria of both Maldives Land and Survey Authority (MLSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). However, the beach immediately adjacent to the proposed site is subjected to erosion. The Island Council is currently in the process of establishing coastal protection measure to alleviate erosion and the works are expected to be completed within this year prior to the operationalization of the proposed IWMC. Furthermore, the young coconut palms found at the proposed site will be relocated to strengthen the south west vegetation line of the island during site clearance works, which would enhance the island’s natural defense against coastal erosion. 30 mature coconut palms, 22 young palms and one Indian Almond tree is found at the location. The mature coconut palms are owned by individuals and therefore, compensation will be provided to the owners prior to commencement of construction works. No environmentally protected or sensitive sites are present close to the IWMC.
The project will provide basic infrastructure necessary to manage waste at island level and ensure composting is undertaken in the island. After completion of civil works, the IWMC will be operated by the Island Council in accordance to the Island Waste Management Plan. Training on composting for island level staffs and machinery such as, shredders, wood chippers and bottle crushers will be provided to facilitate adequate functioning of the IWMC. Waste that is not manageable at the island level will be stored and regularly transferred to a regional waste management facility (RWMF). All civil works of the project are expected to be completed within 6 months.
Environmental impacts of the project were evaluated using the Rapid Impact Assessment Method (RIAM). Majority of the impacts envisaged for the project are highly positive. The project is expected to bring numerous economic benefits to the island community, in additional to the perceivable environmental and public health related benefits. The only permanent negative impact likely to occur as a result of the project is related to the removal of vegetation. However, the amount of vegetation clearance involved is minimal and therefore, if the mitigation measures proposed in this management plan are adhered, almost all the negative impacts can be brought to an acceptable level.
The monitoring program proposed in the EMP will ensure the implementation of the mitigation measures and assist in the identification of unforeseen impacts throughout the project.
Overall, the project is expected to provide significant socio-economic and environmental benefits for the local community.
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ާސާލުޚ ާދާސ
ްނެގްށޮކުދަރަޚ ްނުށަދ ެގްމާރޮރްޕ ްޓްނަމްޓްސެވްނިއ ރަޓްކެސ ްކިލްބަޕ ެގުރާކުރަސ ިހެވިދ ީކަޢ ރްޝަމ ެގުމުރުކުމިއާޤ ިށޮކިނުކ ދުބނިރ .ދ ިބިލްއެލްއަޙ ޭވެދެއ ްށައަލަސްއަމ ެގީނުކ ާވިއަފެވާމިދ ްށައ ދުބނިރ .ދ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުޢ ރްޝަމިމ .ެވެކެޢ ރްޝަމ ާވިއަފިވޭރ ްށަމުޔިދްނެގްށައިރުކ .ެވެއެވެލެބ ްށަމަކެނާދްނެގެވުޅަގނަރ ުތަލާޙ ީހްއިސ ިއާޓްއެވާމިތ ެގުށަރ
ްށަމުރުކުމިއާޤ ިށޮކިނުކ .ެވެއެނާދްނެގިވެރުކުމިއާޤ ްނުށަދ ެގުޢ ރްޝަމިމ ްއެޓްށޮކިނުކ ެގުރަޓީމަކައ 625 ިއަގުތާރަފ ުރުތުއ ުރިއ ެގ ދުބނިރ .ދ ްނުމަކްނެހެއ .ެވެކެދްއަޙަރަސ ްތޮއ ްއެނިމުރުދ ާވްނެގީށަކެއ ިއާށަފިޅޭހ ެގުށަރ ިއާކަތުދްއަޙަރަސ ޭޅުއިރިދ ްނުހީމ ީކަދްއަޙަރަސ ާވިއަފިޅެއަޑނަކ ްށަކަތުޑނަގްނިމ ޭޅުގްނެގ ްނިއީޓިރ ތޮއ ޭވރަސ ްޑްނެއ ްޑްނޭލ ްސްވިޑްލ މ ިއާއީސްނެޖެޭއ ްނަޝްކެޓޮރްޕ ްލަޓްނަމްނަރަޔަވްނެއ ިއަގުމުރުކްސާފްނިބ މިސަރަޙައްދު ފެތެއެވެ. ނަމަވެސް، ރަށުގެ އިރު އުތުރު ފަރާތު އަތިމައްޗަކީ ރަށްގިރުމުގެ މައްސަލަ ކުރިމަތިވެފައިވާ ސަރަޙައްދެއްކެވެ. ކައިރި ިދައ .ެވެންނުމަވުރާޔްއަތ ީނަދ ުރާހިމ ްށަމުށެފ ްތަކްއަސަމ ެގުމުރުކްތަޔާމިޙ ުދްއަޙަރަސިމ ްނެގިޅުގ ްލިސްނުއަކ ދުބނިރ ިއާކަތުޓ ސިރ މިމަސައްކަތް މިއަހަރު ނިމުމުގެ ކުރިން ނިންމާލެވޭނެކަމަށް ބެލެވެއެވެ. މީގެ އިތުރުން، ކުނިކޮށި އަޅާ ސަރަޙައްދުގައި ހުރި ނުފ ދޭ ރުއްތައް ީތަރުދުޤ ްށަމުރިގްށަރ ެވިގާޔިތ ްށަރުތިއ ްށަފިޅޭހ ެގުށަރ ްނުބަބަސ ެގީމ .ެވެއަފިހެޖެަމަހ ީނަވ ްށަމުދިއ ްނުލައ ްސޮގްނެގ ްށަށަފިޅޭހ ެގުށަރ ގޮތުން އެޅޭ ހުރަހަކަށް ވެގެންދާނެއެވެ. މިސަރަޙައްދުގައި މިވަގުތު ހުރީ 30 ފ ދިފައިވާ ރުކާއި، 22 ނުފ ދޭ ރުކާއި، 1 މިދިލި ގަހެވެ. ެގީށެވިތ ިއަގ ދުބނިރ .ެވެއެނޭވެދުލަދަބ ްށަކަތްއުރ ެގްނުދުރަފ ިކަވ ިކަވ ާވިއަގުދްއަޙަރަސިމ ްނިރުކ ެގުމުށެފ ްތަކްއަސަމ ީލަމައ ެގުޢ ރްޝަމ .ެވެއެވ ނ ްއެދްއަޙަރަސ ުކުޒާނ ްނުތޮގ ެގީށެވާމިތ ަތަވުނ ްއެދްއަޙަރަސ ާވިއަފިވެރުކްތަޔާމިހ ްނުތޮގ
ްނީރްމަތ ެގުތޮގެނާރުކުރާޔްއަތުދާކ ިއާކަތްތާލާއ ާވްނުނޭބ ްށަމުރުކްޖެޭނެމ ިނުކ ިއަގްއެތޮގ ިވެޓްއެހެމެދ ިއަގ ދުބނިރ .ދ ްނުށަދ ެގުޢ ރްޝަމިމ ްތަމުދިޚ ެގުމުރުކްޖެޭނެމ ިނުކ ްނުމުމިނ ްތަކްއަސަމ ީލަމައ ެގީށޮކިނުކ ޭވެރުކުމިއާޤ ްނުށަދ ެގުޢ ރްޝަމިމ .ެވެއެނާދްނެގިވެދްށޮކުރ ފ ުށަރ ްށަތޮގްއެއ ިއާނޭލްޕ ޭހެބ ާމުރުކްޖެޭނެމިނުކ ިއަގުރަވްނެފ ުށަރ ާވިއަފިދެހ ިއަގ ދުބނިރ .ދ ީނާދްނެގްށައިރުކ ްތަކްއަސަމ ެގުމުނިދްށޮކުރ ފ .ެވެއެވިއަފިހެޖެަމަހ ްސެވްށަމުއިދްނެގ ްށަކަޒަކުރަމ ީދްއަޙަރަސ ްނުދިއާވަޤ ިނުކ ޭވެރުކުންޖެޭނެމ ިއަގުރަވްނެފުށަރ ިދައ .ެވެންނުތާރަފ ެގްލިސްނުއަކ .ެވެއެވެރުކާފަލ ްށަމަކެނޭމިނ ިއަގޭރެތްސަވުދްސަމ 6 ްތަކްއަސަމ ީލަމައ ެގުޢ ރްޝަމިމ
.ެވެޑަތެމ ްޓްނަމްސެސެއ ްޓްކެޕްމިއ ްޑިޕެރ ީނަވިއަފްށޮކްނުނޭބ ްށަމުރުކާސާރިދ ުރަވްނިމ ާރ ފުރަސައ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުޢ ރްޝަމިމ ްށަމަކެނޭބިލ ްއެކަތާދިއަފ ަނިގ ްށައާރިއާދީހްއިސ ިއާށަޓްއެވާމިތ ިއާށަދާސިތްޤިއ ެގުށަރ ިއަގްއެތޮގަލްމުޖެ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުޢ ރްޝަމިމ ްނުތޮގިމ ްށަޓްއެވާމިތ ްނުބަސ ެގުމުރުކުފާސ ްނިބ ީނެވެރުކަގަހާފ ިނަކެއަމަހ ިއަގުތޮގ ެގްއެމުލްއެގ ޭވެރުކުނަދާއިއ ޭބިލ ްނުތޮގ ެގީށެވާމިތ .ެވެއެވެލެބ .ެވެނ ނ ްއެރަސައ ުޑޮބ ީއިމ ުރިއާލަބާޅައ ިއާކަތާދިއަފ ޭބިލ ްނުބަބަސ ެގުޢ ރްޝަމިމ ްސެވަމަނ .ެވެރަސައ ާރ ފ
ެގުމުރުކަޑުކުރަސައ ެގީށެވާމިތ ާވިއަފްށޮކަގަހާފ ިއަގުޓ ޕިރ ީކަމުނޭބ ެގްމާރްގޮރްޕ ގްނިރަޓިނޮމ ޭނެމިހ ިއަގްނޭލްޕ ްޓްނަމްޖެޭނެމ ެގީށެވާމިތިމ ީއާމިތުޖެިއ ިދައ ެގީށެވާމިތ ާވުނިއަފިވެރުކަގަހާފ ިއަގުޓ ޕިރިމ ިދައ .ެވެމުލެބ ތޭވިއަފާޅައ ިއަގުތޮގ ާވްނެގީށަކެއ ްއަތުޅަވަޔިފ ޭހެޖެްނަޅައ ްނުތޮގ .ެވެމުޅެއ ްއަތުޅަވަޔިފ ާވްނެގީށަކެއ ެނަގެނެދ ްށަރުތިއ ްއަތުރަސައ
ަނިގ ުނަހުނ ްނުތޮގީދާޞިތްޤިއ ިދައ ިއާމިތުޖެިއ ިއާންނުތޮގ ެގީށެވާމިތ ްށަންނުތިޔްއަރ ެގ ދުބނިރ .ދ ްނުބުބަސ ެގުޢ ރްޝަމިމ ިއަގްއެތޮގަލްމުޖެ .ެވެއެވެލެބ ްށަމަކެނާދްނެގިބިލ ްއެކަތާދިއަފ
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1. Project Background and Justification
Dh Rinbudhoo is one of the inhabited islands of the Maldives located in in the administrative atoll of Southern Nilandhe Atoll with geographic coordinates 02°55′30″N 72°53′45″E. Rinbudhoo has a land area of 16 hectares. The population of the island currently stands at 565 people and is famous for its skilled silver and goldsmiths. Economy is primarily based on fishing, jewelry making and construction works.
The island faces some serious environmental concerns such as pollution due to unmanaged waste and coastal erosion. Severe coastal erosion is observed to occur at the south western side of the island and continues to a distance of about 200 m west of the harbor, where many coconut palms and trees in this area have fallen as a result of erosion. The present waste disposal areas are located in west and eastern side of Rinbudhoo. Due to lack of required infrastructure and waste management equipment, the current management practice is open burning, which is not environmentally sound and is known to cause serious human health implications.
The proposed project intends to develop a well-equipped modern island waste management center (IWMC) in a 625 square meters (sqm) area located in the south west side of the island. The project is financed by the Public Sector Investment Programme (PSIP) of the Government of Maldives (GoM). Once the construction of IWMC is completed, operation of the IWMC will be facilitated under the Island Waste Management Plan (IWMP) devised by the Island Council and approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The scope of the IWMC is to facilitate island level management of waste generated within the island. This project will provide the basic infrastructure for management of waste at the island level and ensure composting is undertaken at the island. Appropriate training will be provided to island level staffs for this purpose. Based on fund availability, machinery such as, shredders, wood chippers and bottle crushers will be provided for the adequate functioning of the IWMC. The waste that is not manageable at the island level will be stored and transferred to a central regional facility at least twice a month.
Previous research suggests that 70% of the waste generated in the Maldives are organic in nature, of which majority is food waste (Peterson, 2013). Thus, composting alone will significantly reduce the amount of waste that requires disposing. Moreover, economic benefits could be attained through selling of compost. This model of managing waste as much as possible at the island level prior to transfer of waste to the regional facility is the model promoted via the waste management policy of the Maldives (Ministry of Environment and Energy [MEE], 2015).
A regional waste management facility (RWMF) for Zone 4 and 5 is proposed to be developed through the World Bank funded Maldives Clean Environment Project (MCEP). Dhaalu atoll falls in Zone 4 and therefore, once the RWMF for Zone 4 and 5 is complete and becomes operational, the unmanageable waste from Dh Rinbudhoo will be regularly transferred to this facility. However, MCEP is a six years long project and therefore, for the immediate time being, inorganic waste from the IWMC has to be carried to Thilafushi.
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1.2. Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Permits
The Maldives national requirements for Environmental Impact Assessment are set out in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations, 2012. Part III of this regulation includes a description of the Screening Process applied to development proposals. Schedule D of the Regulations provides a screening list of all development types for which full EIA is mandatory. According to Schedule D included in Amendment 2 to the EIA regulations 2012, waste management practices that require preparation of an EIA are:
1. Projects involving operation of large incinerators with a capacity of more than 10 tons per day.
2. Development of large waste management centers that treats more than 10 tons of waste per day.
3. Projects that involve development of a landfill by using waste.
Proposed developments that do not fall within Schedule D are subject to manual screening by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for which a Screening Form must be submitted providing relevant development details. Within 10 days, the EPA will decide whether the proposed development is approved, or needs further study, which may be required in the form of an EIA or Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (Ministry of Environment and Energy [MEE], 2012).
The proposed development is small scale and therefore is not listed under the Schedule D of the EIA Regulation. A screening process was followed and the screening decision from EPA was to submit an EMP and get approval prior to commencement of project activities. The screening decision is provided in Appendix A of this report.
Site selection process was undertaken by the Island Council in accordance to the Waste Management Regulation (2013/R-58). The site was approved by EPA and Maldives Land Survey Authority (MLSA). The conditions set forth in these approvals requires the IWMC to maintain a distance of 20 m from the vegetation line and 60 m from residential population. Append B of this report provides the site approval letters issued by EPA and MLSA.
In practice, all reports are required to be submitted to EPA and a copy of reports sent to the respective atoll councils for their contentment. A copy of the EMP was sent to Dhaalu Atoll Council prior to submitting the report to EPA (Appendix C).
1.3. Desk Study Review
A literature review was conducted to acquire background information related to the site and the general environment of the island, as well as to identify possible environmental impacts of projects of similar settings. In this context, the following documents were reviewed
EMP for the proposed development of Island Waste Management Center in F. Magoodhoo (Zuhair, 2017) EMP for the proposed development of Island Waste Management Center in Th Vandhoo (Zuhair, 2017) EMP for upgrading Island Waste Management Center Fuvahmulah (Zuhair, 2016)
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EMP for upgrading Island Waste Management Center Hulhudhoo-Meedhoo (Zuhair, 2016) EMP for the establishment of Island Waste Management Center in HA. Muraidhoo, HA. Thakandhoo, HA. Molhadhoo, HDh. Finey, HDh. Hirimaradhoo, HDh. Kurinbi and HDh. Vaikaradhoo (Maldives Energy and Environmental Company [MEECO], 2017) Maldives Clean Environment Project Environmental and Social Assessment and Management Framework (ESAMF) & Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) (Ministry of Environment and Energy [MEE], 2016)
1.4. Report Preparation
This report is prepared by Mr. Ahmed Hassaan Zuhair, the Environmental and Social Safeguards Officer of MCEP. According to the second and third amendments to EIA regulations 2012, EMP reports can be prepared by anyone with a minimum educational qualification of first degree in a field related to environment and do not necessarily have to be an EIA consultant registered in EPA. The educational certificates and curriculum vitae of the author is provided in Appendix D.
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CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1. Location and Study Area
The Government of Maldives (GoM) recognizes Dhaalu Atoll Rinbudhoo as one of islands facing serious waste management problems in the country and thus intends to develop a proper island waste management center (IWMC) to cater for the waste management needs of the island community. This project will be funded by the Public Sector Investment Programme (PSIP) of the GoM.
The size of the proposed IWMC is 625 sqm which is compatible with the population and land size requirement of EPA. The proposed IWMC will be constructed at a remote area situated at the south western side of the island as shown in figure 1.
An A-3 size scaled map showing the study area and important land marks is presented in Appendix E of the report.
Figure 1 Location of the proposed IWMC
2.2. Project Components
The proposed construction of IWMC will improve the overall waste management system of the island. The overall targets of island waste management projects include the following:
Alleviate the waste management issues faced by the island community.
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Facilitate Island Council to establish rules and regulations for waste management through the development of the required infrastructure. Assist Island Council to establish a sound waste collection system through fee collection, which in turn can contribute to a part of the entire waste management cost. Reduce the waste produced and to use reusable materials. Aggregate all waste that is produced and dispose of it properly. Raise awareness of the community regarding the economic benefits of keeping the island clean.
Construction phase of the proposed development includes the following:
1. Site Clearance
The proposed site is sparsely vegetated consisting of coconut palms and trees. During site clearance works, small coconut palms not belonging to individuals will be relocated to other parts of the island. Emphasis will be given to strengthen the exiting vegetation line of the island during relocation, which will enhance the island’s natural defense against coastal erosion. Clearing would also include grubbing of weeds, shrubs and roots. The site needs to be levelled to bring it to the formation level. As the size of the site is relatively small, a vibratory plate compactor maybe required for levelling works.
2. Collection Bay Area
The collection bay will have a waste storing area and different compartments for storing segregated waste including metals, glass, plastics and paper. A separate area will be allocated for storing hazardous waste. Collection bay also includes an equipment room. Equipment will be provided for plastic shredding, bottle crushing and wood chipping depending on fund availability. All compartments and rooms within the IWMC will be constructed with roofing and hard flooring. Metal sliding doors will be established in hazardous waste storage room and equipment room. In addition to this, the equipment room will be supplied with a ceiling fan, lights and 3 phase power points. The size of the entire collection bay area is 27.35 m by 4.3 m.
3. Compost Slab
A concrete pad for simple windrow composting will be constructed. The thickness of the slab will be 0.1 m and will be laid at 1% slope. The size of the proposed concrete slab is 15.0 m by 5.0 m. Reinforced concrete slabs are cast over 3 ground beams. Excavation will be done manually to a depth of 0.3 m to lay the beams.
4. Groundwater Pump Room
A groundwater well of 1 m diameter will be constructed at the eastern corner of the IWMC. Excavation will be done based on the depth of groundwater table. The groundwater well will be connected to a pump and enclosed in a 1.75 m by 1.75 m hut. Access to the hut will be through a timber door. Manual excavation is sufficient for the purpose due to the small scale of the scope
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of works involved. Water required for composting during operational phase will be drawn through this well.
5. Leachate Collection Tank
The leachate collection tank will be located at the end of the compost slab. The total size of tank is 2.0 m by 3.0 m.
6. Perimeter Fence
The perimeter of the IWMC will be covered with fencing expect the gate area. The height of the fence is 2.8 m (0.6 m masonry wall and 2.1 m of PVC coated mesh). The mesh is held together by 50 millimeters (mm) GI pipes welded both vertically and horizontally with a pacing of 2 m.
Operational phase of the proposed development includes the following:
1. Waste Collection Services
After construction works are completed the IWMC will be officially handed over to the Island Council of Dh Rinbudhoo. The Island Council will manage the operation of the IWMC according to the approved IWMP. Daily collection services will be provided at a cost of MVR 100 per household and MVR 150 for businesses. Segregation will be done at household level and placed in specific bags allocated for organic and inorganic waste. A battery operated vehicles is proposed to be used for household waste collection.
2. Sorting
Collected waste will be kept in the waste storing area and sorted into compostable waste and other waste. After sorting the non-compostable inorganic waste will be compacted / crushed / shredded and stored in the designated areas for metal, paper and cardboard, plastic, glass and hazardous waste.
3. Composting
Compostable waste will be transferred to the composting slab after removing branches and twigs. The removed braches and twigs will be fed into a wood chipper. Mixing will be done to provide optimum Carbon-Nitrogen ratio. After mixing windrow composting will be practiced at the compost slab.
Windrow composting involves, stacking raw materials, roughly equal quantities of “green” and “brown” material into a compost pile and turning the pile regularly, ideally every seven days at a minimal level. The process is labor intensive. The three essential conditions for composting is right temperature, moisture content and oxygen. Food waste and garden waste can be used for composting.
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4. Leachate Management
Leachate produced during composting will be treated and collected in leachate collection tanks.
5. Waste Transport to a Regional Facility
The stored inorganic waste needs to be transported to a RWMF once or twice a month. A RWMF is proposed to be developed in Zone 4 and 5 under the World Bank funded MECP project. The location and the technology to be used for the RWMF will be determine based on the feasibility study, Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) study and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study. More details of the timing and methodology will be clear once these studies are completed.
6. Clean-up of existing dump site The clean-up of the existing dump site will be undertaken through government funding by the government. The option for onsite closure of the dump yard will also be evaluated. This is expected to be completed prior to IWMC becoming operational. Some of the common methods used to environmentally close existing dump yards are given in Appendix L.
For further details, refer to the detailed engineering drawing provided in Appendix F and draft Bill of Quantities (BOQ) provided in Appendix G.
2.3. Construction Schedule
The construction activities of the project are proposed to commence in March 2018. All civil works of the project is anticipated to be completed within 6 calendar months. A rough schedule for construction is provided in the table 1.
Table 1 Construction Schedule
Activity Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Mobilization Site Clearance Civil Works Demobilization
2.4. Project Inputs and Outputs
Major project inputs for the construction and operational phase of the proposed development are highlighted in table 2.
11 | P a g e Table 2 Major Project Inputs
Input Resource Type and Amount Means of obtaining the resource Workers 20 Around 20 workers. Contractor is encouraged to use local or regional workers as much as possible. If expatriate workers are used, they must carry valid work permits. Construction workers are expected to be accommodated in local houses and / or guesthouses. No temporary site setup is required for this project. Contract will make
arrangements with the local council regarding accommodation arrangements. Water for 150 liters per day Groundwater wells present in the island. Construction Construction Concrete, cement, flood Imported or purchased where available Materials lights, G.I. pipes, metal locally. Contractor will make arrangements sliding doors, emulsion to import or purchase these materials and
CONSTRUCTION PHASE CONSTRUCTION paint, Lysaght Roofing Sheet, transport to the island. 3 phase power sockets, ceiling fan and Timber Construction Compactor (for ground Responsibility of the contractor. Local Machinery leveling), pickups or trucks resources will be utilized as much as (for land transport of possible. If not available locally the construction material), contractor will import these machineries. transfer vessel. Fuel Diesel Local suppliers
Equipment Glass crusher, Metal Can Responsibility of the contractor. Purchased Baler, Plastic Shredder, locally or imported. Wood Chipper, Compost Sieve, Waste Collection Vessel Water for Groundwater Groundwater well within the IWMC
composting Power 3-phase power for operation From local power station. A 25 sqmm 4 core of waste management power supply cable will be laid from nearest equipment. distribution box to waste yard distribution board. Labor About 5 workers to manage Responsibility of the local council. From the waste in the IWMC and local community or expatriate workers. provide collection services to Island council will make accommodation OPERATIONAL PHASE OPERATIONAL the community. arrangements within local houses and guesthouses if expatriate workers are recruited. Fuel Diesel Local suppliers. Waste Waste generated within the Waste will be collected from households island. Approximately 452 and businesses within the island. kilograms per day.
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Major project outputs for construction and operational phase of the project are described in table 3.
Table 3 Major Project Outputs
Output Resource Type and Amount Means of managing
Green Waste Small quantity Piled and left in the periphery for natural degeneration. Larger tree trunks and branches, etc. shall be chipped. Or removed to the disposal site designated by the council.
General Moderate amount of General construction waste will be reused as Construction Waste Solid Waste much as possible. Any remaining waste will be transferred to the nearest regional facility
by the contractor.
Municipal Waste Small quantity Removed to the disposal site designated by the council.
Soil Excavation for To be used as backfilling during substructure construction.
Dust Moderate amount Wet the construction site regularly.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE CONSTRUCTION during cement mixing and excavation
Waste oil and Small quantity Barreled and transfer to the nearest regional diesel waste management facility for disposal. Greenhouse Gas Small quantity. All vehicles and machinery must be well Emissions Emissions from tuned. construction material transporting vehicles and construction machinery.
Compost Open windrow Used locally for agricultural purposes or sold
composting. to nearby resorts.
Inorganic Waste Crushed glass, Stored in their respective area within the compacted metal, IWMC and transferred to a regional facility shredded plastic. once or twice a month.
Greenhouse Gas Electricity usage. N/A
OPERATIONAL PHASE OPERATIONAL Emissions Minute quantity.
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CHAPTER 3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
The existing environment is described based on field observations. No detailed data collection and survey, analysis techniques are used for this purpose as this is an EMP, not a full EIA report.
Information regarding existing environment of the project site and existing waste management practices within the island were obtained through field observations and a meeting held with the Island Council. Field observation and meeting were held on 23 August 2017. The list of participants in the meeting and their designation are provided in Appendix H.
3.1. Current Waste Management Practices
The daily generation of waste in Dh Rinbudhoo is estimated to be 452 kilograms (kg). Green waste, plastic and metal waste are the major types of waste produced at the island. As Rinbudhoo is a relatively large island with ample unassigned land area, a significant amount of waste is produced from communal places and forest area, in addition to household waste.
At present, Rinbudhoo does not have a proper IWMC. The council has designated two areas for waste disposal at the west and eastern side of the island. Due to lack of required infrastructure and waste management equipment, the current management practice is open burning, which is not environmentally sound and is known to cause serious human health implications.
Figure 2 Current waste disposal areas
The island currently does not have an established waste collection service. Household waste is carried to the designated disposal areas by individual households. Segregation is practiced to some extent. Metal waste is segregated and collected near the harbor and regularly transported to Thilafushi by the Island Council. All other waste is carried to the dump sites and burnt. At present the waste disposal areas are managed by the Women’s Development Committee (WDC).
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Figure 3 Metal waste collected near harbor
An old waste management center established under tsunami relief programme is present in the south western side of the island, close to the proposed IWMC. No waste management activities are currently practiced in this center.
Figure 4 IWMC established under Tsunami Relief programme located south of the proposed IWMC
3.2. Unassigned Waste Dumping
The roads of the island generally appeared clean. Unassigned waste dumping was not observed during the site visit. Bins are placed on road site to limit littering and improve the overall cleanliness of the island.
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In addition to this, the island community has made effort towards reusing and reducing inorganic waste. For example, many of the households are reusing plastics pet bottles to create hanging gardens.
Figure 5 A road of the island
Figure 6 A bin placed on road side
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Figure 7 Pet bottles reused to create hanging gardens
3.3. Project Site and Access Road
The proposed site is located in a moderately vegetated area on the south west side of the island. At present this area is not used for any purpose. A distance of 60 m is maintained between the site and the nearest residential area north of IWMC, while a green area and a road also exists between these two areas. The football ground is located 62 m east of the site and the old IWMC established during Tsunami relief program is present at the south side of the site with a distance of 12 m separating the two areas. The nearest distribution box is located 60 m from the site. A 25 square millimeters (sqmm) 4 core power supply cable will be laid from this distribution box to waste yard distribution board.
Figure 8 Nearest distribution box
Access to the site can be achieved through the roads present on the east and south side of the site. The width of these roads are 5 to 7 m and is considered sufficient for the back and forth movement of a small pickup or a buggy. The harbor is proposed to be used for loading and unloading of waste and is located
17 | P a g e 150 m from site. There is easy access to the harbor from the IWMC which can be achieved through the road present east of the IWMC that connects to the main road on the south.
Figure 9 Access Road east of the IWMC
3.4. Coastal Erosion
Severe coastal erosion is observed to occur at the south western side of the island and continues to a distance of about 200 m west of the harbor. Many coconut palms and trees in this area have fallen as a direct consequence of erosion.
Figure 10 A coconut palm fallen due to erosion from the south west side
18 | P a g e Figure 11 Erosion west of the harbor
Figure 12 Beach immediately adjacent to the proposed IWMC
There is noticeable erosion at the side of the beach immediately adjacent to the proposed IWMC. However, a buffer of 20 m is maintained between the outer most boundary of the IWMC and the vegetation line at the south west side. Furthermore, to counter for erosion, the island council is proposing to establish coastal protection measures at the shoreline adjacent to the IWMC and has received assistance from nearby resorts to complete this work. The proposed protection method is based on an erosion survey conducted by Water Solutions Pvt Ltd in 2017 during a site visit to two of the nearby resorts. Jumbo bags filled with construction waste, and sand is proposed to be used to revert the shoreline back to its original shape and prevent further progression of erosion. The council has received permission from EPA to undertake shore protection works. EPA’s permission letter is provided in Appendix I. Coastal
19 | P a g e protection works are expected to be completed within this year and prior to the operationalization of the proposed IWMC. Furthermore, the young coconut palms found at the proposed IWMC site will be relocated to strengthen the south west vegetation line, which would further enhance the island’s natural defense against coastal erosion.
Figure 13 A rough sketch of council's shore protection plan
Figure 14 Construction waste and sand collected for coastal protection works
20 | P a g e 3.5. Vegetation
The categorization of vegetation found at the site was undertaken using visual observation of onsite photographs and images taken during the field trip. 30 medium size mature palms and 22 young palms are located at the site. Additionally, one Indian Almond tree is present at the site. Number and type of the main vegetation found in the location are presented in table 4. The Island Council note attached in Appendix J reaffirms the number and type of vegetation present at the site.
Table 4 Quantity and Type of Vegetation
Name Local Name Scientific Name Quantity Indian Almond Midhili Terminalia catappa 1 Coconut Palm Dhiveh ruh Cocos nucifera L. 30
Figure 15 Project site at the time of visit
Most of the mature coconut palms found in the location belong to individuals. Compensation for the palms will be given prior to commencement of construction activities. Young coconut palms present at the site will be relocated to the south west vegetation line.
21 | P a g e 3.6. Environmental Sensitive Areas
Protected or sensitive areas do not exist close to the project site. The nearest sensitive area is Hudhufushi Finolhu located 3 km south of Rinbudhoo with the geographic coordinates 2°53'37.12"N 72°54'17.51"E, which is an important roosting area for Kurangi.
Fushee Kandu is the only protect area in Dhaalu Atoll. It is a famous dive spot among locals and tourists, where napoleons, turtles, moray eels and a variety of reef fishes can be spotted.
22 | P a g e CHAPTER 4 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION
This chapter describes the key adverse and beneficial impacts envisaged for both construction and operational phase of the project and the methodology used for impact prediction.
4.1. Impact Assessment Methodology
Potential impacts of the project were determined based on the author’s experience in the field of study, evaluation of previous impact assessment reports of similar projects, filed observations and information provided by the Island Council. Rapid Impact Assessment Method (RIAM) is used for impact prediction.
RIAM is a contemporary analytical tool used in many EIAs for impact prediction since 1995. This method attempts to troubleshoot many of the shortcomings of the traditionally used impact identification techniques particularly the issue of subjectivity and transparency. The concepts of RIAM were first developed by Pastakia (1998) which were then tested in the field by Jensen (1998).
The RIAM method defines important assessment criteria and provides an accurate and independent score for each condition. The impacts of the project activities are evaluated against environmental components and a score is derived for each component reflective of the degree of impact envisaged from t0 he component.
The two important assessment criteria used in the system are
(A) Criteria that are important to the condition and can individually alter the score obtained, and
(B) Criteria that are of value to the situation, but cannot individually alter the obtained score.
Criteria A is subdivided in to two components and criteria B in to three components. Table 5 describes these subcomponents and the scale used to assign scores (Pastakia and Jens, 1998).
Table 5 RIAM Assessment Criteria
Criteria Scale Description
A1: Importance of condition 4 Important to national / international interests
3 Important to regional / national interest
2 Important to areas immediately outside the local condition
1 Important only to the local condition
0 No importance
23 | P a g e A2: Magnitude of change/effect +3 Major positive benefit
+2 Significant improvement in status quo
+1 Improvement in status quo
0 No change / status quo
-1 Negative change to status quo
-2 Significant negative dis-benefit or change
-3 Major dis-benefit or change
B1: Permanence 1 Temporary
2 Permanent
3 No change / not applicable
B2: Reversibility 1 No change
2 Reversible
3 Irreversible
B3: Cumulative 1 No change / not applicable
2 Non-cumulative / single
3 Cumulative / synergistic
Criteria group A scores are multiplied so that it holds more weightage. In contrast, criteria group B scores are added together to provide a single sum to ensure that individual value scores do not influence the overall score.
The sum of the group (B) scores are then multiplied by the result of the group (A) scores to provide a final assessment score (ES) for the condition. This is represented by the formula below:
(A1) X (A2) = (AT)
(B1) + (B2) + (B3) = (BT)
ES = (BT) x (AT)
24 | P a g e The environmental components that are evaluated under RIAM technique will fall under any one of the following four categories.
• Physical/Chemical (PC) Covering all physical and chemical aspects of the environment.
• Biological/Ecological (BE) Covering all biological aspects of the environment.
• Sociological/Cultural (SC) Covering all human aspects of the environment, including cultural aspects.
• Economic/Operational (EO) Qualitatively to identify the economic consequences of environmental change, both temporary and permanent.
The following environmental components were investigated for both the construction and operational phase of the proposed IWMC development project (Pastakia and Jens, 1998).
1. Physical / Chemical (PC) Groundwater Air Soil Noise Waste
2. Biological / Ecological (BE) Vegetation Fauna Wetlands and marine habitats
3. Social / Cultural Road Closure Health and Safety
4. Economic / Operational (EO) Economic benefit or burden
Final assessment of each component is evaluated based on the ES values and range brands provided in table 6.
25 | P a g e Table 6 Environmental Scores and Range Bands
Environmental Range Value Range Value (Numeric) Description Scores
108 to 72 E 5 Major positive (Alphabetic) Impact or Change) 71 to 36 Significant positive Score (ES) D 4 35 to 19 C 3 Moderate positive 10 to 18 B 2 Positive 1 to 9 A 1 Slight Positive 0 N 0 No change -1 to -9 -A -1 Slight negative -10 to -18 -B -2 Negative -19 to -35 -C -3 Moderate negative -36 to -71 -D -4 Significant negative -72 to -108 -E -5 Major negative
4.2. Potential Impacts of the Project
Potential adverse and beneficial impacts of construction and operation phase of the proposed IWMC were identified using the rapid impact assessment method specified in the forgoing section.
4.2.1. Construction Phase Impacts
Summary of the scores and range values obtained for each evaluated environmental component evaluated for the construction phase are provided in table 7.
Table 7 Construction Phase Impacts
Environmental Category Total Score Range Value Range Value Description (Numeric)
Construction Phase
1. Physical / Chemical Ground Water -5 -A -1 Slight negative
Soil -3 -A -1 Slight negative
Noise -5 -A -1 Slight negative
Air -5 -A -1 Slight negative
Waste -5 -A -1 Slight negative
2. Biological / Ecological
26 | P a g e Vegetation -16 -B -2 Negative
Fauna -7 -A -1 Slight negative
3. Sociological / Cultural Road Closure -6 -A -1 Slight negative
Health and Safety -5 -A -1 Slight negative
Sociocultural Conflict -4 -A -1 Slight negative
4. Economic Loss or benefit +8 A 1 Slight Positive
No permanent negative impacts are envisaged for the construction phase of the project except for clearance of vegetation and associated loss of economic benefits, as the site contains palms that belong to some individuals. The benefits of coconut palms are well known and have been documented in many publications. For instance, the fruit of the palm, coconut, is widely regarded as an important source of food (Factor & Shafeega, 2010), popular amongst both locals and tourists. Likewise, coconut fibers, called coir, are woven into ropes, mats and bags or used for padding in mattresses. The hard coconut shell is used to make decorative material or burnt as charcoal, while the leaves are used to weave mats and baskets and the leaf fibers to make clothing (Factor & Shafeega, 2010). Therefore, removal of the palms present at the location will cause certain economic losses to its owners. To counter for this, like many other similar developmental activities in the Maldives, the Island Council or the proponent will provide compensation to the owners of the palms. Moreover, the removed palms can be used as a source of timber and the roots for making dye. Hence, the negative impacts associated with the removal of coconut palms can be countered to some extents by the aforementioned economic benefits.
Similar to the coconut palm, Indian Almond also has considerable economic and environmental value as the leaves and green fruit of the tree are a source of black dye and the fruit and seeds are also used for human consumption. Additionally, the oil extracted from the seed and the leaves have medicinal use, while the tree provides shade (Factor & Shafeega, 2010). However, the impacts associated with the removal of the Indian Almond found at the site will be minimal, as only a single tree is present, while it is not owned by any individual. Moreover, the timber from the removed Indian Almond can also be used to make furniture (Factor & Shafeega, 2010).
All other impacts during construction phase are temporary and reversible. Additionally, a slight positive impact to the local economy is envisaged from the construction phase as the contractor may obtain certain materials required for construction locally depending on availability. Similarly, the contractor may hire local employees for construction works creating job opportunities within the island. Even if expatriate workers are hired, demand for resources such as food and accommodation for construction workers, equipment, machinery, vehicles and vessels hire will likely benefit the local suppliers and businesses. However, this prospect is only temporary as the opportunity will cease after the completion of construction works.
The relocation of young coconut palms to the south west vegetation line will strengthen the vegetation line and offer protection against coastal erosion, which is an indirect benefit of the project.
27 | P a g e 4.2.2. Operational Phase Impacts
Scores and range values predicted for the operational phase of the proposed development are portrayed in table 8.
Table 8 Operational Phase Impacts
Environmental Category Total Score Range Value Range Value Description (Numeric)
Operational Phase
1. Physical / Chemical
Ground Water +32 C 3 Moderate positive
Soil +32 C 3 Moderate positive
Noise -5 -A -1 Slight negative
Air +42 D 4 Significant positive
Waste +84 E 5 Major positive
2. Biological / Ecological
Vegetation 0 N 0 No change
Fauna +18 B 2 Positive
3. Sociological / Cultural
Road Closure 0 N 0 No change
Health and Safety +63 D 4 Significant positive
Sociocultural Conflict -4 -A -1 Slight negative
4. Economic
Loss or benefit +54 D 4 Significant positive
Most of the impacts during operational phase are expected to be positive if the proposed mitigation measures suggested in this management plan are stringently followed. The operation of the IWMC will improve the overall cleanliness of the island and will reduce littering and dumping of waste to unassigned areas. These activities would prevent pollution of soil, groundwater, coastal areas and forested areas and in turn assist in the preservation of biodiversity. Moreover, operation of the IWMC will bring a halt to open burning of waste and reduce the risk it causes to people with respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and pneumonia.
Workforce demand is expected to be high during the operational stage as well, with a number of low skilled jobs and skilled jobs made available to provide waste collection, composting and waste processing
28 | P a g e services. In contrast to the construction phase, the jobs created during operational phase will be permanent or for long term. Furthermore, if a market for composted material and recyclables can be found, the IWMC can self-sustain by cost recovery which will be positive for the island economy.
As expected, some amount of noise will be generated during waste processing activities undertaken in the IWMC. However, the noise generated during the operational phase is expected to be very small. A battery operated buggy or a small pickup is proposed to be used for waste collection which would not produce any significant noise during waste transportation. Likewise, individuals are not expected to be significantly affected by noise pollution as sufficient distance is maintain between the IWMC and residential houses. A road and a green vegetation buffer is also present between the IWMC and the nearest residential area towards the north, which would further inhibit the amount of noise generated during IWMC operation.
A slight negative impact is anticipated if expatriate workers are employed to provide waste management services, as the arrival of a new group of foreign workers to the island may create conflict with the residential population if local culture is overlooked or not respected.
The operationalization of the IWMC is also expected to have a positive cumulative impact on the fauna of Fushee Kandu, as a sound waste management system will reduce the amount of waste entering the lagoon and eventually going in to the ocean.
4.2.3. Uncertainty in Impact Prediction
The predicted impacts have been identified based on literature and tested methods that have been used previously in many similar local and international EIAs and EMP reports. However, the predictions rely heavily on the judgement of the author, and would therefore involve a certain degree of subjectivity. In addition to this, detailed environmental analysis of impact assessments are often required to be undertaken in a relatively short time frame. Given the seasonal climatic variations in Maldives and the differences in local geomorphologic and climate settings in individual islands such a short time frame is often too little to assess selected aspects of the environment. This problem is compounded by the absence of long-term studies in Maldives. Hence, most impact assessment studies are reflective of an environmental snapshot of a specific point in time. However, such limitations are more specific to EIAs than EMP reports, as EMPs are not subjected to detailed investigations that require analyses of long term data.
Furthermore, such projects as has been described in this report have been carried out on numerous occasions in the Maldives. Therefore, observing past literature on a local context, the uncertainty would be severely reduced. Based on this, the level of uncertainty in the case of the proposed project is expected to be low as similar projects in similar settings have been carried out.
Uncertainties will be further reduced by undertaking the monitoring program and reanalyzing impacts, after comparing the monitoring data with the baseline data in this report. The lack of such monitoring reports is one of the main reasons for persistent uncertainties from similar projects.
29 | P a g e CHAPTER 5 MITIGATION MEASURES
One of the most important functions of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to propose ways to manage the negative impacts that are likely to occur as a result of the proposed development. For this purpose, it is essential to identify mitigation measures to minimize impacts and identify cost of mitigation measures and parties that are responsible for implementation of these measures. As highlighted in the description provided in the chapter 4, most of the negative impacts envisaged for the proposed development occur during construction phase. Therefore, the proposed mitigation measures mostly focus on the construction phase of the project. However, the slight negative impacts envisaged for the operational phase are also taken into consideration and mitigation measures are proposed for these impacts as well.
Table 9 provides details of the key mitigation measures for various environmental and socioeconomic aspects that are impacted as a result of the project.
Table 9 Mitigation measures proposed for significant impacts
Environmental Management Plan Impact Mitigation Measure Responsible Cost of Party Mitigation Management of Impacts during Preconstruction and Design Phase 1. Physical / Chemical Contamination of Ensure (i) waste storage areas are MEE N/A groundwater and covered to prevent contaminated storm surface water water runoff, and (ii) hazardous waste storage area is bounded.
The material processing or storage areas of the facility should have a leachate barrier system that forms a secure barrier between the groundwater, soil, and substrata and the composting or stored organics, as well as systems for collecting and treating leachate such as a concrete pad with open drainage channels that drain in to a leachate collection pond.
Design and maintain the slope and orientation of windrows and/or leachate drains such that free drainage of leachate to a collection drain is facilitated and ponding of leachate is avoided; shape the piles and windrows to maximize run-off and hence reduce infiltration.
30 | P a g e Noise pollution Ensure that the site selection sets a Island Council N/A minimum distance of 60 m from the residential population and commonly used public places.
Marine water pollution Ensure that a minimum buffer of 20 m Island Council N/A is maintained between the IWMC and the vegetation line.
2. Biological Negative impacts on Ensure IWMC is not designed with a MEE, Island N/A ecologically significant wetland or marine outfall and sets a Council wetland and marine minimum distance of 30 m from habitats environmentally sensitive areas.
Negative impact due to Consideration should be given during MEE, Island N/A vegetation removal detailed designing stage to build Council infrastructure around existing vegetation, thus minimizing any clearance.
Management of Impacts during Construction Phase 1. Physical / Chemical Note: All construction activities should be undertaken in the presence of an experienced supervisor. Contamination of Hazardous waste such as waste oil and Contractor Cost associated groundwater and diesel should be stored in sealed with purchasing surface water due to containers and placed on a hard of containers chemical spillage and concrete surface and transferred to the and transport to seepage nearest regional waste management RWMF facility for final disposal.
Stored containers should be regularly inspected to identify any leakages.
Soil contamination due Hazardous waste such as waste oil and Contractor Cost associated to chemical seepage. diesel should be stored in sealed with purchasing containers and placed on a hard of container and concrete surface and transferred to the transport to nearest regional waste management RWMF facility for final disposal.
Stored containers should be regularly inspected to identify any leakages. Noise pollution due to Ensure construction activities occur Contractor Cost associated construction activities between 8 am and 6 pm. with purchasing and use of machinery ear muffs
31 | P a g e Construction workers should wear ear muffs when using machinery that produce significant noise.
The proposed development will not emit significant level of noise due to the scale of work involved.
Negative impact on air All vehicles used in the project should Contractor N/A quality have an up to date road worthiness certificate.
All vehicles and machinery should be well tuned.
Ensure that construction site is wetted to minimize impact of dust as a result of the project.
Materials that are stockpiled at the location for long period of time should be covered to minimize impact of dust generation due to windy conditions.
Similar to above (relate to noise), there will not be significant impact on the air quality.
Construction waste Ensure waste materials are either Contractor Cost associated reused by community or transferred to with transport a regional facility at the end of the to RWMF construction phase activities. 2. Biological Negative impacts due Any large trees and palms will be Island Council Cost associated to vegetation removal translocated to other areas of the with island. translocation and providing When translocating in order to ensure compensation survival the following mitigation measures should be followed: • Palms and trees should be dug two to three feet from the trunk. • In order to ensure that the rootball is intact the area surrounding the palm or the tree should be wetted prior to being dug. • The rootball should be kept wet until replanted at new site.
32 | P a g e All vegetation clearance activities should be confined to areas where infrastructure is proposed.
Compensation should be provided for palms and trees owned by individuals prior to removal.
No vegetation within 20 meters of the shoreline should be cleared as per land use planning regulation of the Maldives.
Negative impact on Identify trees and shrubs that are Island Council Cost associated fauna common nesting grounds for birds and with avoid clearance of such vegetation. If translocation necessary, relocate construction site away from such grounds. Another possible option is to relocate trees and shrubs to other areas of the island.
Schedule construction outside of the breeding season.
Ensure that all construction material imported to the island are free of any alien species or pests.
3. Sociological and Cultural Health and Safety of All workers should be provided with Contractor Cost associated construction workers safety gear and should ensure that with purchasing safety gear is utilized at all times. This safety materials. includes: safety hats, boots, glasses, masks and gloves.
Ear muffs shall be provided where equipment or machinery that produces significant amount of noise is used.
Chemical-Liquid protective gloves should be used when handling any chemicals, waste oil or other liquid waste.
No open electrical wiring or cables should be kept on site.
Health and Safety briefing should be given to all construction workers.
33 | P a g e The maximum working hours of all construction workers should be 48 hours per week as per the Employment Act of Maldives.
Meals should be provided to construction staff 3 times a day.
Safe drinking water should be supplied to construction workers.
Appropriate sleeping arrangements shall be made for the construction workers.
Sociocultural conflict Ensure that local workers are used as Contractor Cost associated due to arrival of much as possible. If expatriate workers with hiring staffs expatriate workers are used ensure that they respect the local culture.
4. Economic Benefit to local Ensure that construction materials are Contractor Cost associated economy purchased from the island as much as with material possible. Preference shall be given to purchase hire local construction workers from the island and the atoll or region.
Management of Impacts during Operational Phase 1. Physical / Chemical Waste processing and Ensure that primary waste collection Island Council Cost associated storage. services are provided at least daily. with IWMC operation Litter, odor and vector Secondary transfer to a regional facility nuisance. shall be arranged at least twice a month.
Adequate bins with closures must be provided at the drop off locations if the IWMP has demarcated them.
Waste collection vehicles and transfer vessels must be secured from all sides to prevent spillage.
Provide composting training to all MEE Cost of laborers and management staff of the providing facility. compost training
34 | P a g e Control of the incoming waste stream is necessary to ensure safe and effective processing, treatment, and disposal of the Waste and the quality of end products (e.g., quality compost).
Visually evaluate, weigh, and document incoming waste loads; Conduct visual inspection of the incoming waste, along with sorting and removal procedures, can minimize this potential hazard; Reject or, if the facility is equipped to process the waste, segregate potentially hazardous materials or wastes identified, including infectious waste, and manage as a hazardous or infectious waste, as applicable; Analyze suspected hazardous materials before acceptance so that they are segregated relative to compatibility and so that they can be adequately treated and disposed of; Separate recoverable secondary materials for recycling and organic waste for composting to the extent practical.
Noise pollution during Depending on availability, battery Island Council, Cost associated waste management operated vehicles can be used to MEE with purchasing provide collection services. collection vehicles Waste handling works involving operation of machinery shall be undertaken during day time. Air emissions from Emissions from on-road vehicles shall Island Council, Cost of training MSW collection and be regulated through national and MEE drivers transport regional programs.
All waste transport vehicles must have up to date road worthiness licenses.
Optimize waste collection routes to minimize distance traveled and overall fuel use and emissions
35 | P a g e Drivers shall be instructed on the benefits of driving practices which reduce both the risk of accidents and fuel consumption, including measured acceleration and driving within safe speed limits.
When the IWMC and RWMF becomes operational no open burning shall be practiced.
2. Sociological and Cultural Health and Safety of Provide workers with appropriate Island Council Cost of waste handling staffs protective clothing, Gloves, respiratory purchasing face masks and slip-resistant shoes for safety materials waste transport workers and hard-soled safety shoes for all workers to avoid puncture wounds to the feet.
For workers near loud equipment, include noise protection such as ear muffs.
For workers near heavy mobile equipment, buckets, cranes, and at the discharge location for collection trucks, include provision of hard hats;
Establish engineering and materials norms for special facility and stationary equipment design requirements that minimize exposure to hazards (e.g., ventilation, air conditioning, enclosed conveyor belts, low loading and sorting heights, non- skid flooring, safety rails on stairs and walkways, spill protection and containment, noise control, dust suppression, gas alarm systems, fire alarm and control systems, and evacuation facilities).
Firefighting equipment, including clear aisles among windrows and access to an adequate water supply shall be made available.
Ensure workers are briefed of fire hazard management.
36 | P a g e Sociocultural conflict Ensure that waste handling staffs are Island Council Cost associated selected from the local community as with hiring staffs much as possible. 3. Economic Collection Fee Ensure that the collection fees are Island Council Cost associated feasible for the community. Undertake with conducing consultation meetings with stakeholder stakeholders and set a suitable sessions collection fee acceptable to the community. Employment Ensure that waste handling staffs are Island Council Cost associated Opportunities selected from the local community as with hiring staffs much as possible.
Proponents commitment to undertake proposed mitigation measures is provided in Appendix K.
37 | P a g e CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
This chapter provides the environmental monitoring plan. The inclusion of a monitoring plan in the EMP is essential to assess the effect of the project on natural and cultural environment. It is a tool used to measure the accuracy of predictions and to determine whether the proposed mitigation measures have been effectively carried out by the proponent as recommended in the EMP. Another important aspect of environmental monitoring is its capacity to determine unforeseen impacts that have not been predicted during the impact identification stage. It should be noted that adopting of mitigation measures do not guarantee unforeseen impacts.
The monitoring plan is based on existing environmental conditions outlined in chapter 3 and the impact analysis described in chapter 4. The monitoring plan of this project focuses mostly on the construction phase, particularly removal of vegetation, as previously mentioned, since the only significant negative impact that is likely to occur as a result of the project are associated with vegetation clearance.
The main key objectives of the environmental monitoring plan are to:
1. determine whether the proposed mitigation measures in this management plan are followed during removal and translocation of vegetation from the project site.
2. analyse the effectiveness of the operation of IWMC in terms of spillage prevention and overall cleanliness of the island.
6.1. Monitoring Program
The monitoring program recommended for the proposed development of IWMC is provided in table 10.
Table 10 Monitoring Program
Aspect Parameter Frequency Responsible Cost of Party Monitoring (MVR) Construction Phase Vegetation Log records of Once during site Island Council, N/A Clearance number and type of preparation Contractor trees cleared and details of compensation provided Implementation Records of Monthly during Contractor, 18,000 of Construction successful construction period MEE Mitigation implementation of Measures mitigation measures Grievance Log records of number Throughout the Contractor, 9,000 of complaints received construction phase MEE and actions taken
38 | P a g e during construction phase Operational Phase Spillage Waste Collection Once when the project MEE 18,000 Assessment Arrangements is completed and one year after project Littering around the completion island (Beach, harbor area and other public areas)
Spillage during transfer to IWMC
Any Spillage within the IWMC
Proper use of IWMC
Spillage during transfer to regional waste facility Grievance Log records of number Throughout the Island Council 9,000 of complaints received operational phase and actions taken during operational phase
6.2. Responsibility
The overall responsibility of monitoring lies with the Proponent or Contractor assigned by the Proponent. A commitment letter by the proponent for undertaking the monitoring program is provided in Appendix K.
6.3. Reporting
Reporting will be carried out by the environmental consultant assigned for the purpose by the proponent. The report will include;
• Details of the site;
• Methodology of data collection and data analysis;
• Major findings;
39 | P a g e • Section contrasting findings with the baseline; and
• Mitigation measures that would be implemented based on the monitoring.
Sample Format
• Introduction
• Aims and Objective
• Method
• Results
• Conclusion and recommendations
A detailed environmental monitoring report is required to be compiled and submitted to EPA annually, based on the data collected for monitoring the parameters included in the monitoring program given in this report.
40 | P a g e CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
The construction and development of the IWMC at Dh. Rinbudhoo is a much needed development to provide waste management services to the island. The operation of the IWMC will improve the current waste disposal practices adopted in the island and alleviate the current concerns of environmental pollution and public health. The project will also bring about economic benefits to the island by increasing revenue through the sale of composted material and recyclables and by creating employment opportunities.
The only permanent negative impact that is likely to occur as a result of the project is vegetation clearance. However, the amount of vegetation clearance involved is minimal and therefore, if the mitigation measures proposed in the management plan are adhered, almost all the negative impacts can be brought to an acceptable level.
The author’s recommendation for the project include;
To include this EMP as a part of the contractor’s contract. Implement the mitigation measures proposed in the EMP. Conduct regular monitoring and supervision works during construction and operational phase.
The aim of this EMP is to guide the proponent in implementing the project with conformity to EIA regulation 2012.
41 | P a g e REFERENCES
Factor, A., & Shafeega, F. (2010). Common Plants of the Maldives. Male’, Maldives: Live and Learn Environmental Education.
Maldives Energy and Environmental Company [MEECO] (2017). Environmental Management Plan for the establishment of Island Waste Management Center in HA. Muraidhoo, HA. Thakandhoo, HA. Molhadhoo, HDh. Finey, HDh. Hirimaradhoo, HDh. Kurinbi and HDh. Vaikaradhoo. Male, Maldives: MEECO.
Ministry of Environment and Energy [MEE] (2012). Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations. Male’, Maldives: Ministry of Environment and Energy.
Ministry of Environment and Energy [MEE] (2015). National Policy on Waste Management. Male’, Maldives: Ministry of Environment and Energy.
Ministry of Environment and Energy [MEE] (2016). Maldives Clean Environment Project Environmental and Social Assessment and Management Framework (ESAMF) & Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). Male’, Maldives: Ministry of Environment and Energy.
Jensen, K. (Ed.). (1998). Environmental impact assessment using the rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM). Olsen & Olsen.
Pastakia, C.M. (1998). The rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM). A new tool for environmental impact assessment. Environmental Impact Assessment Using the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM). Fredensborg, Denmark: Olsen & Olsen.
Pastakia, C. M., & Jensen, A. (1998). The rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) for EIA. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 18(5), 461-482.
Peterson, C. (2013). Assessment of solid waste management practices and its vulnerability to climate risks in Maldives Tourism Sector. Report submitted to Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture.
Zuhair, A.H., (2017). Environmental Management Plan for the proposed development of Island Waste Management Center in F. Magoodhoo. Male’, Maldives: Ministry of Environment and Energy.
Zuhair, A.H., (2017). Environmental Management Plan for the proposed development of Island Waste Management Center in Th. Vandhoo. Male’, Maldives: Ministry of Environment and Energy.
Zuhair, M.H., (2016). Environmental and Social Management Plan for the proposed upgrade of the IWMC at the Fuvahmulah. Male’, Maldives: Ministry of Environment and Energy.
Zuhair, M.H., (2016). Environmental and Social Management Plan for the proposed upgrade of the IWMC at the Hulhudhoo-Meedhoo. Male’, Maldives: Ministry of Environment and Energy.
42 | P a g e APPENDICES
43 | P a g e APPENDIX A
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Site Approval Letters
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OrOal ,. ,aa a/.r4 1 * , ... 4 ., /rO.rO .. x , lez 3U ar)ro Jlv.rv a.7)t/ a5J ,22trJ e.l' sJara.rP tr), vaaae- 2 .22 u . a ,a/ , 4. , 4 aaaa O rOC r2>. Or, O 't2ra r2alrYJrcJ 2rr41 1438 34iij 10 2017 SLii 02 o ,. ie, o o .r..oa a er2rrt?a ,/e./ o t 4.. a O O ,z D, 2 2 , a , o 2. .//,ra 32-r*rY /ro.Pr/ ./e-Y, a oa c D2 .Ca//2r,/ rnrl.J , a ooa oo.r./oa o* oo . - 31,4 il./.r, t?, e..P2rrtra J, ,e-:, '4. V Environmental Protection Agency P-e. ,Pvtr, 2e22rrr% Green Building, 3'd Floor, HandhuvareeHingun ti-1 .i;-t ,.11Li 713,:':-ri t:: ,;:i..t4 Male', Rep. of Maldives, 20392 20392 ',i3 Lmal,:5ecteldrldt(grc9c,6ev,tttv :t't; Tel: [+e60] 333 5949 [+960] 333 5951 : e-':; 1of 1 Website: www.epa.gov.mv tax: [+960] 333 5953 LEGEND: PROPOSED: North EXISTING: RESIDENTIAL PLOTS (1500 SQF) UTILITIES & PLOTS ALLOCATED FOR HOUSING UNITS MUNICIPAL SERVICE RESIDENTIAL SPORTS AND (20 Nos) 18.1. SEWERAGE FACILITY RECREATIONAL 18.2. DESALINATION PLANT RESIDENTIAL PLOTS INSTITUTIONAL & COMMUNITY 07. FOOTBALL FIELD 18.3. FERRY TERMINAL FACILITIES PLOTS ALLOCATED (2000+ sqft, 47 Nos 18.4. Waste MANAGEMENT SITE 01. ISLAND OFFICE / MAGISTRATE UTILITIES & (a1-a47)) COURT MUNICIPAL SERVICES PLOTS ALLOCATED (1500+ sqft, 8 Nos) HARBOUR AREA ACTIVITY 02. MOSQUES (2.1 - 2.2) 08. POWER HOUSE INSTITUTIONAL & COMMUNITY 03. SCHOOL 09. CEMETERY FACILITIES 19. LOADING AND UNLOADING 04. PRE SCHOOL 10. DHOLHIDHANGE 05. HEALTH CENTER 11. DHIRAAGU REPEATER STATION 15.1. OFFICE FOR CORPORATIVE SOCIETY RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE 15.2. JEWELRY INSTITUTE 06. YOUTH CENTER 12. OOREDOO REPEATER STATION 20. GUEST HOUSE DEVELOPMENT ZONE 15.3. PUBLIC LIBRARY 6.1. STO PHARMACY 13. WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTER (for tourism) 14. WASTE DISPOSAL AREA COMMERCIAL RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE 16.1 SHOPS / CAFE / RESTUARANT (Not for Residential purpose) 16.2. DIVE CENTER 16.3 WATER SPORTS CENTER RECREATIONAL AREA PARK INDUSTRIAL 21.1. SPORTS ARENA 21.2. RECREATIONAL AREA 17. BOAT MOORING AND REPAIR (W/FG) 21.3. PARK 2198.75 1845.42 2833.06 BUFFER ZONES 16.1 16.216.3 EPZ 21.3 4 2333.83 2219.13 2160.45 1013.72 a22 a25 21.2 a17 17 2124.49 a23 CONSERVATION ZONE 6 2219.69 a24 a26 2001.17 a14 2114.96 2110.56 1407.75 2008.94 2096.47 a132047.66 2249.06 a12 2006.05 a20 18.1 2475.47a7 3602.27 a11 2002.09 a10 a19 1730.56 1961.62 a15 4242.51 3368.92 2002.30 1957.39 18.2 1422.98 1343.25 a21 2281.44 a27 2001.82a29 4991.75 a16 2021.35 a28 2010.32 2002.83 a9 2341.67 2056.89 a18 2189.41 2072.07 1630.25 15.1 1825.03 1369.37 684.38 a31 608.17 a30 1815.70 a32 2009.82 3054.58 945.02 15.3 a33 1 15.2 2045.51 2.1 1333.52 21.1 3481.38 1599.90 9 2296.60 11 2016.56 2005.63 a34 2024.65 a2 2037.39 a36 2218.13 a1 a5 a8 a40 a38 2017.29 a35 2252.85a3 2115.34 2117.31 2082.92 530.57 2029.36 995.26 2021.31a6 2.2 a37 a4 a44 a43 2014.81 1805.27 2296.20 971.62 a41 a39 2066.78 2114.10 2116.40 894.33 1697.86 a45 1377.93 3 10 a42 3473.63 2469.83 1310.25 20 1427.35 2158.19 a46 1893.26 2153.92a47 6.1 9 5 16.1 5286.30 21.2 7 18.4b 12 8 Area: 630 sqm Area: 650.31 sqm 13 18.4a 19 18.3 0 10 20 30 40 50 100 150 m 0 50 100 150 200 250 500 ft DH. TITLE: PROJECT: SURVEYED BY: IS DH. RINBUDHOO DRAWN BY: IS LAND USE MAP DH. RINBUDHOO LAND USE PLAN SCALE: (given) Tel: Fax: email: CHECKED BY: IS DATE: 03 December 2015 2158.19a46 2153.92a47 30830.57 [101'-2"] 30000 [98'-5"] 21.2 21000.14 [68'-11"] 18.4b Area: 630 sqm 18552.53 [60'-10"] 35953.54 [117'-11"] Area: 650.31 sqm [46'-3"] 14103.65 13 [72'-5"] 22071.54 37021.15 [121'-6"] 18.4a APPENDIX C Proof of submission of Report to Island Council APPENDIX D CV and Certificates of Author CURRICULUM VITAE Ahmed Hassaan Zuhair PERSONAL DETAILS Full name: Ahmed Hassaan Zuhair Date of birth: 02 Aug 1985 Mailing address: H. Raadha, Sikka Goalh, Male’ 20082, Maldives Residential address: G.Vehi, Male’, Maldives Mobile telephone number: (+960)7886707 Email address: [email protected] WORK EXPERIENCE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS OFFICER Name of Employer: Maldives Clean Environmental Project (MCEP) World Bank Ministry of Environment and Energy, Male’, Maldives Position title: Environmental and Social Safeguards Officer Period of work: June 2017 to present Major Responsibilities: - Ensure environmental and social safeguard measures are adequately implemented in MCEP administered by the MCEP PMU/MEE. - Educate project affected families on the relevant environmental and social safeguards issues and relevant policies. - Where applicable, develop information, education and communication (IEC) materials and facilitate workshops on good environmental and social practices relevant to all projects administered by the PMU/MEE. - Co-ordinate with the various island administration offices on periodic basis on environmental issues. - Assist GoM in ensuring environmental responsibilities of the project, such as compliance with the environmental protection laws and regulations of the country. - Assist GoM in ensuring social responsibilities of the project, such as compliance with the labour laws, prohibition of child labour, HIV/AIDS and gender issues. - Ensure safeguard measures are adequately implemented. - Establish a grievance redress system and assist community in the redress of their grievances through the system. ENVIRONMENT ANALYST Name of Employer: Ministry of Environment and Energy, Male’, Maldives Position title: Environment Analyst (Coastal Unit) Period of work: March 2016 to May 2017 Major Responsibilities: - Managing Coastal PSIP projects and donor assisted projects (ORIO and KAFED). - Ensuring the implementation of the project components are in line with the government policies and/or donor requirements. - Interacting with the financial, procurement and technical staff of the Ministry and EPA to enable smooth implementation of the project components. - Coordination among the stakeholders including the atoll/island councils, contractors and engineers in resolving various issues that come up during the implementation. - Processing bills raised by contractors. - Preparing and compilation of the project progress reports, quarterly reports and updates in a timely manner. - Providing information, monthly progress reports and other documentation requested by the Project Director for review and/or for presentation to Steering/Technical committees, donor review missions or by other relevant authorities of the Government in a timely manner. - Preparation of Terms of Reference, Tender Documents and Evaluation of Bids and Proposals. - Preparing Contract Documents and Contract Amendments. - Monitoring the progress of project activities on a regular basis. - Visiting project sites periodically and reporting back on the status of on-site activities to the management. - Participating in EIA scoping meetings related to the project and guiding contractors in the EIA application process. - Ensuring that the projects are formulated in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner by consulting EPA and other relevant parties. ENVIRONMENT ANALYST Name of Employer: Ministry of Environment and Energy, Male’, Maldives Position title: Environment Analyst (Awareness Unit) Period of work: July 2010 to December 2013 Major Responsibilities: - Conducting regional environmental awareness sessions in different atolls. - Conducting waste management workshops in different regions of Maldives. - Organizing and celebrating major environmental significant days at national level. - Preparing booklets, broachers and newsletters in view to increase public knowledge on existing environmental issues in Maldives. - Creating Environmental Awareness through Media. - Provided assistance to legal unit in drafting sold waste management regulation, standards on biodegradable plastic bags and Environmental impact assessment regulation. ENVRIONMENT OFFICER (T) Name of Employer: Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water , Male’, Maldives Position held: Environment Officer (Trainee) Period of work: February 2005 – July 2007 Major Responsibilities: - Provide assistance in facilitating and carrying out various works in relation to environmental awareness and community mobilization. - Writing and publishing 2005 World Environment Day Awareness handbook. - Conducting a weekly environmental awareness raising radio program on national radio. Additional Experience Registered EIA Reviewer in EPA (since April 2016) World Bank Procurement Training 1-5 Oct 2017 Colombo, Sri Lanka Training Program for Environmental Regulators 19-30 Nov 2012 New Delhi, India Consultation for the Asia-Pacific Region in preparation for 31 Oct - 1 Nov 2012 the fifth session of the intergovernmental negotiating Bangkok, Thailand committee on mercury Tbilisi+35: Intergovernmental conference on Environmental 6-7 Sept 2012 Education for Sustainable Development Tbilisi, Georgia Third Asia Pacific Regional Meeting on SAICM 8-9 Sep 2011 Beijing, China UNITAR Regional Workshop on Nanotechnology and 6-7 Sep 2011 Manufactured Nanomaterials Beijing, China UNEP/OECD Workshop on Perfluorinated Chemicals 5 Sep 2011 and transition to safer alternatives Beijing, China Seminar on Integrated Coastal Management Oct/Nov 2010 for Developing Countries Xiamen, China Capacity building in ecosystem based management 18 – 20 June 2007 approaches for the Coastal areas in the Maldives The University of Queensland Training on preparation and interpretation of 20 – 21 Feb 2006 Climate Risk profile for the Maldives Ministry of Environment, Maldives ACADEMIC RECORD Name and address of institution Degree obtained (Master and Study period from - to Medium of Bachelor only) instruction Griffith University Master of Urban and 2 March 2014 – 15 English 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan QLD 4122, Environmental Planning December 2015 Australia University of Mysore Bachelor of Science 1 Jul 2007 – 30 Jun 2010 English Mysore, Karnataka, India Centre for Higher Secondary Education London GCE Advanced Level 1 Jun 2002 -30 Jun 2004 English Male’, Maldives Majeediyya School London GCE Ordinary Level 1 Jan 1999 – 31 Jan English Male’, Maldives 2002 AWARDS / HONOURS/ COMMENDATIONS PIA (Planning Institute of Australia) Awards for Planning Excellence 2015 - Commendation for Outstanding Student Project “Connected with Water: Integrated and Adaptive Water Management Framework” – University Sponsored by Queensland Government. Griffith Award for Academic Excellence 2015. Griffith Award for Academic Excellence 2014. Australia Awards Scholarship 2014. Certificate of Acknowledgement in recognition of outstanding contribution to Earth Hour campaign 2013. Certificate of Achievement (Discipline Prize), Majeediyya School. Certificate of Achievement (Passed in all curriculum subjects), Majeediyya School. RESEARCH EXPERIENCE PUBLICATIONS Author of Environmental Management Plan for the proposed development of Island Waste Management Center in F. Magoodhoo. Author of Environmental Management Plan for the proposed development of Island Waste Management Center in Th. Vandhoo. Coauthor of Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the proposed agricultural project at R. Ungulu. Coauthor of Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the proposed 10 storey residential development at H. Sandhaleege. Connected with Water: Integrated and Adaptive Water Management Framework for South East Queensland (Studio Project, Griffith University). Urban Analysis of Brisbane CBD – Case Study (Studio Project, Griffith University). Feasibility Study for Low Density Residential Development in Park Ridge Queensland (Studio Project, Griffith University). Effects of leachates on the quality of ground water (Bachelor of Science Dissertation, University of Mysore). Pemphis Newsletter Issue number 22 – 40 (Publication of Ministry of Environment and Energy). Environment Impact Assessment Regulations 2012 (Publication of Ministry of Environment and Energy). Standards on Biodegradable Plastic Bags 2012 (Publication of Ministry of Environment and Energy). State of the Environment of Maldives 2011 (Publication of Ministry of Environment and Energy). REFEREES Professor Darryl LOW CHOY Professor – Environment and Landscape Planning Urban Research Program Head of Discipline (Planning) School of Environment Griffith University Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia Program Co-Leader Program B: Waster Sensitive Urbanism Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities E: [email protected] Dr Tooran Alizadeh Lecturer, Urban & Environmental Planning Griffith School of Environment Griffith University Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia E: [email protected] Ahmed Murthaza Director General, Waste and Pollution Control Department Ministry of Environment & Energy, Male’, Maldives Work: (+960) 3004315 / Mobile: (+960)7771504 Sincerely, Ahmed Hassaan Zuhair APPENDIX E Project Site and Study Area LEGEND: PROPOSED: EXISTING: RESIDENTIAL PLOTS (1500 SQF) North UTILITIES & PLOTS ALLOCATED FOR HOUSING UNITS MUNICIPAL SERVICE RESIDENTIAL SPORTS AND (20 Nos) 18.1. SEWERAGE FACILITY RECREATIONAL 18.2. DESALINATION PLANT RESIDENTIAL PLOTS INSTITUTIONAL & COMMUNITY 07. FOOTBALL FIELD 18.3. FERRY TERMINAL FACILITIES PLOTS ALLOCATED (2000+ sqft, 47 Nos 18.4. Waste MANAGEMENT SITE 01. ISLAND OFFICE / MAGISTRATE UTILITIES & (a1-a47)) COURT MUNICIPAL SERVICES PLOTS ALLOCATED (1500+ sqft, 8 Nos) 02. MOSQUES (2.1 - 2.2) 08. POWER HOUSE HARBOUR AREA ACTIVITY INSTITUTIONAL & COMMUNITY 03. SCHOOL 09. CEMETERY 19. LOADING AND UNLOADING 04. PRE SCHOOL 10. DHOLHIDHANGE FACILITIES 05. HEALTH CENTER 11. DHIRAAGU REPEATER STATION 15.1. OFFICE FOR CORPORATIVE SOCIETY RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE 15.2. JEWELRY INSTITUTE 06. YOUTH CENTER 12. OOREDOO REPEATER STATION 20. GUEST HOUSE DEVELOPMENT ZONE 15.3. PUBLIC LIBRARY 6.1. STO PHARMACY 13. WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTER (for tourism) 14. WASTE DISPOSAL AREA COMMERCIAL RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE 16.1 SHOPS / CAFE / RESTUARANT (Not for Residential purpose) 16.2. DIVE CENTER 16.3 WATER SPORTS CENTER RECREATIONAL AREA PARK 21.1. SPORTS ARENA INDUSTRIAL 21.2. RECREATIONAL AREA 17. BOAT MOORING AND REPAIR (W/FG) 21.3. PARK 2198.75 1845.42 2833.06 BUFFER ZONES 16.1 16.216.3 21.3 4 EPZ 2333.83 2219.13 2160.45 1013.72 a22 a25 21.2 a17 17 2124.49 a23 6 2219.69 a24 a26 CONSERVATION ZONE 2001.17 Nearest Residential Area 2114.96 a14 2110.56 1407.75 2008.94 2096.47 a132047.66 2249.06 a12 18.1 a7 2006.05 a20 2475.47 3602.27 a11 2002.09 a10 a19 1730.56 1961.62 a15 4242.51 3368.92 2002.30 1957.39 18.2 1422.98 a21 1343.25 2281.44 a29 a27 2001.82 4991.75 a16 2021.35 a28 2010.32 2002.83 a9 2341.67 a18 2056.89 2189.41 2072.07 1630.25 15.1 a31 1825.03 1369.37 684.38 a30 608.17 Current 1815.70 a32 2009.82 3054.58 945.02 15.3 a33 Waste Disposal 1 15.2 2045.51 2.1 1333.52 21.1 3481.38 Area 2 1599.90 9 2296.60 11 2016.56 2005.63 a34 2024.65 a2 2037.39 a36 2218.13 a1 a5 a8 a40 a38 2017.29 a35 2252.85a3 2115.34 2117.31 2082.92 995.26 2021.31a6 530.57 2.2 2029.36 a37 a4 a44 a43 2014.81 1805.27 2296.20 971.62 a41 a39 2066.78 2114.10 2116.40 a45 894.33 1697.86 1377.93 Current 3 10 a42 3473.63 2469.83 1310.25 20 Waste Disposal 1427.35 2158.19 a46 Area 1 1893.26 2153.92a47 6.1 9 5 16.1 5286.30 7 Proposed IWMC Site 21.2 12 8 19 18.3 01020304050 100 150 m Eroding Area Distribution Box 0 50 100 150 200 250 500 ft Old IWMC TITLE: PROJECT: DH. SURVEYED BY: IS DH. RINBUDHOO DRAWN BY: IS LAND USE MAP DH. RINBUDHOO LAND USE PLAN SCALE: (given) Tel: Fax: email: CHECKED BY: IS DATE: 03 December 2015 APPENDIX F Detailed Engineering Drawing PROJECT: CONSTRUCTION OF AN ISLAND WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTRE at Dh. Rinbudhoo PREPARED BY: WASTE MANAGEMENT AND POLLUTION CONTROL DEPARTMENT MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY JULY 2017 SITE LAYOUT COMPOST PAD MADE OF CONCRETE SCREED CONCRETE 27350 22000 27350 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 6150 4000 2000 4000 3000 3000 4000 2000 Metals Glass height Plastics 4300 Sorting 1000mm Platform of Other Waste Equipment Room Hazardous Waste 1850 SORTING AREA Paper, Cardboard and COLLECTION AREA 1850 ENTRANCE/EXIT ENTRANCE/EXIT 3000 FLOOD LIGHT 700 POLE 1400 1400 3000 FLOOD LIGHT POLE 22000 CONCRETE SCREED 5000 GROUND WATER PUMP ROOM HUT COMPOST PAD MADE OF CONCRETE 5000 12850 15000 SITE LAYOUT MASONRY WALLS COLLECTION BAY - PLANS 1.5M HIGH 3.5 to 3M HIGH MASONRY WALL 4300 Sorting Platform of 1000mm height Metals Glass Plastics MASONRY WALL 3M HIGH Paper, MASONRY Cardboard and 3M HIGH 3.5M to Other Waste WALL MASONRY WALL 3.5M HIGH Hazardous Waste METAL GATE OF 1.5M LENGTH SLIDING FOLDING EACH GATES OF 2M LENGTH TWO METAL MASONRY 3M HIGH WALL Equipment Room 3.5M to 3M HIGH MASONRY WALL 27350 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 6150 4000 2000 4000 3000 3000 4000 150 2000 4300 1850 1500 1650 2000 2000 FLOOR PLAN COLLECTION BAY - FLOOR PLAN 4300 COLLECTION BAY - FOUNDATION PLAN 3225 4150 2150 4150 27050 1850 1850 3000 CONCRETE LINTEL CONCRETE COLUMN 3M C/C 1875 CONCRETE MIDDLE BEAM 3500 150 1475 GROUND LEVEL 550 CONCRETE GROUND BEAM WALL FOOTING COLLECTION BAY - WALL COLLECTION BAY - WALL DETAILS COLUMN DETAILS 150 400 MIDDLE BEAM DETAILS 2NO.S 10MM DIA 300 BAR WELDED 550 GROUND LEVEL 150 150X150MM OF HEIGHT 3.5M ABOVE G.L. CONCRETE COLUMN 150 CONCRETE 300X150MM WALL FOOTING BAR WELDED 2NO.S 10MM DIA 1500MM ABOVE G.L. 150X200MM BEAM CONCRETE AT HEIGHT MASONRY WALL OF HEIGHT 3.7M OF THICKNESS 150MM BEAM AND WALL FOOTING DETAILS 2NO.S 10MM DIA BAR WELDED LINTEL DETAILS 150 200 150 200 150 150 150 300 MASONRY WALL OF HEIGHT 3.7M OF THICKNESS 150MM 1500MM ABOVE G.L. 150X200MM BEAM CONCRETE AT HEIGHT 550 GROUND LEVEL MASONRY OF HEIGHT 3.5M WALL ABOVE G.L. CONCRETE 300X150MM WALL FOOTING 150X200MM BEAM CONCRETE BAR WELDED 2NO.S 10MM DIA 75MM DIA G.I PIPE CONCRETE GROUND LEVEL 200x200 PLATE 400 WELDED TO BASE OF COLUMN WITH A COVER OF 50 50MM FROM BASE OF FOOTING 300x300 COLLECTION BAY G.I. PIPE COLUMN FOUNDATION COLLECTION BAY - G.I PIPE COLUMN FOUNDATION DETAILS 27350 2˚ SLOPE 2˚ SLOPE 2˚ SLOPE 2˚ SLOPE 2˚ SLOPE FLASHING (AT ALL CORNERS) 4800 ROOF GUTTER ROOF GUTTER DOWN PIPE ROOF PLAN COLLECTION BAY - ROOF PLAN 27350 2075 4800 1850 100x50 TIMBER RAFTERS @ 900MM c/c PROVIDE 50x38 TIMBER BATTENS @ 600MM c/c 150x75 TIMBER BEAMS COLLECTION BAY - ROOF FRAMING PLANS COLLECTION BAY - ROOF TRUSS PLAN 4000 4075 ROOF TRUSS 4075 ROOF TRUSS 50MM DIA G.I PIPES 25MM DIA G.I PIPES ROOF TRUSS JOINT AT MID-POINT COLLECTION BAY - TRUSS DETAILS ROOF FLASHING MASONRY WALL ROOF GUTTER DOWN PIPE GROUND LEVEL MASONRY WALL COLLECTION BAY - SIDE ELEVATION FOUNDATION LEVEL COLLECTION BAY - CROSS SECTION GROUND LEVEL 550 3500 FOUNDATION CONCRETE ROOF FLASHING MASONRY 3.5M HIGH MIDDLE BEAM WALL LYSAGHT ROOFING LINTEL CONCRETE 75MM CONCRETE SHEET MASONRY WALL SCREED 1.5M HIGH TIMBER RAFTERS TIMBER BATTENS MASONRY WALL G.I PIPE 50MM DIA 1.5M HIGH FOUNDATION ROOF GUTTER G.I PIPE 50MM DIA EXTENSION OF ROOF SORTING AREA - PLATFORM DETAILS 2000 400 400 1200 400 300 4000 300 400 1200 400 400 150 850 T10@150 c/c BW 400 CERAMIC TILES ON TOP OF RC SLAB 300 150MM THICK RC SLAB CONCRETE COLUMN 150MM THICK 4000 300 400 1000 GUIDE RAIL SLIDE SLIDING DOOR PANEL TO OF LENGTH 1.5M THE MS SHEET LEFT SLIDING DOOR HANDLE GUIDE RAIL MASONRY WALL OF HEIGHT 3M HAZARDOUS WASTE STORATE ROOM - METAL SLIDING DOOR DETAIL 25MM DIA G.I PIPES 12.5MM DIA G.I PIPES ALL GAPS OF TRUSS COVERED WITH 3MM MS SHEETS GUIDE RAIL OPEN OPEN FOLDING DOOR PANELS TO TO THE THE RIGHT LEFT DOOR HINGES GUIDE RAIL GROUND LEVEL DOOR HANDLES NOTE: ALL WELDS FOR TRUSS MEMBERS ARE 5MM FILLET WELDS EQUIPMENT ROOM - METAL SLIDING DOOR DETAIL G.I BRACKET WELDED TO COLUMN (TO FIX FLOOD LIGHT) 75mmØ GI PIPE CONCRETE FOOTING 900 200x200 PLATE WELDED TO BASE OF COLUMN 50 400x400 FLOOD LIGHT FOUNDATION DETAILS 50x50 PVC COATED MESH MASONRY WALL OF HEIGHT 150X150MM 600MM 50MM DIA G.I PIPE CONCRETE COLUMN ABOVE G.L. 600 OF HEIGHT 600MM ABOVE G.L. 600 600 GROUND LEVEL GROUND LEVEL GROUND LEVEL 50MM DIA G.I PIPE 400 400 550 550 450 CONCRETE CONCRETE WALL FOOTING BEAM CONCRETE COLUMN 300X150MM 150 150 150 150 300 300 CONCRETE 200x200 200x200 PLATE WALL FOOTING WELDED TO BASE 300X150MM 200x200 PLATE OF COLUMN WELDED TO BASE PERIMETER WALL PERIMETER WALL OF COLUMN COLUMN DETAILS BEAM AND WALL FOOTING DETAILS PERIMETER FENCE FOUNDATION DETAIL BOUNDARY WALL - BEAM AND COLUMN DETAILS 2m 2m 50mmØ G.I pipe 2100 2.8m 50x50 PVC coated mesh Masonry wall 0.6m Ground level NOTE: ALL WELDS ARE 5mm FILLET WELD AROUND PERIMETER FENCE MEMBER FENCE DETAILS 3000 2800 MASONRY WALL 50x50 PVC COATED MESH NOTE: 3MM MS SHEET - DOOR IS MADE FROM 25MM DIA GI PIPE COATED WITH PAINT - ALL WELDS ARE 5MM FILLET WELDS AROUND MEMBER MAIN GATE 5000 5000 5000 EXPANSION EXPANSION EXPANSION JOINT JOINT JOINT 2500 EXPANSION EXPANSION EXPANSION JOINT JOINT JOINT 2500 COMPOST SLAB - JOINTS AND SPACINGS 5000 5000 5000 B1 B1 B1 100MM THICK 100MM THICK 100MM THICK B1 SLAB PANEL SLAB PANEL SLAB PANEL B1 2500 B2 B2 1% SLOPE 1% SLOPE 1% SLOPE B3 B3 B3 1% SLOPE 1% SLOPE 1% SLOPE B1 B1 B2 B2 2500 100MM THICK 100MM THICK 100MM THICK SLAB PANEL SLAB PANEL SLAB PANEL B1 B1 B1 COMPOST SLAB - PLAN COMPOST SLAB BEAM DETAILS 300 with 1% slope to leachate well 100mm PVC pipe cut in half T10@200 c/c BW 300 300 T10@200 c/c BW 300 300 300 T10@200 c/c BW BEAM B1 DETAIL MEMBRANE BEAM B3 DETAIL BEAM B2 DETAIL HDPE MEMBRANE 300 300 HDPE MEMBRANE HDPE 100 100 100 SLAB EXPANSION JOINT DETAIL 10 POLYETHYLENE JOINT FILLER FOAM SILICONE SECTION BB SECTION 2000 SECTION AA SECTION AA SECTION ACCESS DOOR TO PRIMARY TANK WITH TIMBER COVER 1000x2000mm 3000 ACCESS DOOR TO SECONDARY TANK WITH TIMBER COVER 1000x2000mm SECTION BB SECTION LEACHATE WELL LEACHATE COLLECTION TANK PLAN VIEW LEACHATE COLLECTION TANK - DETAILS COMPOST SLAB DRAIN LEACHATE WELL DETAILS PRIMARY TANK FROM LEACHATE OF LEACHATE WELL COMPOST PAD CONVEYANCE PIPE SLOPE TOWARDS INSIDE LEACHATE WELL PVC BALL VALVE PLAN T10 @ 150 BW SINGLE LAYER SINGLE BW 150 @ T10 75MM THICK CONCRETE WALL CONCRETE THICK 75MM 2000 SECONDARY TANK SECONDARY TANK TO TANK FROM PRIMARY FROM OVERFLOW PIPE OVERFLOW 50MM TANK TANK PRIMARY SECONDARY 3000 75MM THICK CONCRETE WALL T10 @ 150 BW SINGLE LAYER TIMBER REMOVABLE PVC BALL VALVE THROUGH THE (REACHABLE CONVEYANCE PIPE TANK TOP) COMPOST PAD CONVEYANCE PIPE 1825 LEACHATE COMPOST PAD FROM LEACHATE SECTION BB FROM REMOVABLE TIMBER COVER OF DIMENSIONS 1000x1800mm SECTION AA REMOVABLE TIMBER COVER 1850 2000 250 PRIMARY TANK FROM PRIMARY SECONDARY TANK OVERFLOW PIPE 50MM TANK TO FROM PRIMARY SECONDARY TANK OVERFLOW PIPE 50MM TANK TO REMOVABLE TIMBER COVER 950 1000 75MM THICK CONCRETE WALL T10 @ 150 BW SINGLE LAYER PLUMBING LAYOUT PVC TAP PVC DISTRIBUTION PIPE 17000 1100 1500 PVC TAP PVC 150 150 4000 CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND CURRENT METER ADJACENT TO SWITCHES 100W ENERGY SAVING LIGHT MASONRY MASONRY WALL WALL CEILING FAN 3M HIGH 3M HIGH 3 PHASE POWER POINTS (1.5M ABOVE GROUND) TWO METAL FOLDING GATES OF 2M LENGTH EACH ELECTRICAL LAYOUT - EQUIPMENT ROOM 1750 150mm MASONRY WALL PUMP WITH 25mm PLASTERING ON BOTH SIDES 1750 WELL X X TIMBER DOOR FRONT ELEVATION PUMP ROOM HUT 5° LYSAGHT ROOFING SHEET 100x50 RAFTERS @ 1000c/c PUMP 50x38 BATTENS @ 600c/c WELL (1000mm dia) 1700 TIMBER DOOR WITH FIXED LOUVERS SIDE ELEVATION SECTION X-X GROUND WATER PUMP ROOM HUT DETAILS APPENDIX G Bill of Quantities DH. RINBUDHOO Waste Management Centre BOQ CONSTRUCTION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTRE Bill of Quantities Length of Collection Bay Area 27.35 Width of Collection Bay Area 4.3 Total length of Collection Bay Area 3.5m high walls 46.05 Number of G.I Pipe Columns in Collection Bay Area 8 Number of RC Columns in Collection Bay Area 15 Total length of Collection Bay Area 1.5m high walls 16 Total length of Perimeter Wall 45.40 Number of Columns in Perimeter Wall 23 Length of Compost Slab 15 Width of Compost Slab 5 Length of Concrete Screed 15 Width of Concrete Screed 5 No Item Unit Quantity Rate Amount 1 Preliminaries 1.1 Mobilization to site LS 1 Site management cost including set up of tempory services 1.2 LS 1 for contractor's services as maybe ncessary 1.3 Setup sign boards on site as specified LS 1 1.4 Clean up site upon completion of works LS 1 1.5 Demobilization LS 1 2 Site Clearance Allow for all site clean up work including relocation of 2.1 existing waste to a temporary location identified by island LS 1 council 3 Earth works Allow for all excavation work for foundations as follows 3.1 Collection bay foundation m3 5.23 3.2 Perimeter wall m3 4.77 3.4 Flood light pole m3 0.13 3.5 Ground levelling works for ground slab works m2 267.61 3.6 Leachate collection tank m3 6.00 3.7 Setting up a ground water well in the location shown LS 1 4 Concrete works Collection Bay Area Provide 100mm concrete floor screed for collection bay area according to the slope shown in drawing with a drain 4.1 m3 11.76 at the Sorting Area. Reinforcement for the slab shall be R6@150 BW single layer Wall Footing of Collection Bay Area walls cast according to 4.2 m3 3.28 drawing. Reinforcement shall be as shown on drawing Middle Beams of Collection Bay Area walls cast according 4.3 m3 0.98 to drawing. Reinforcement shall be as shown on drawing. Lintel for Collection Bay Area walls cast according to 4.4 m3 0.98 drawing. Reinforcement shall be as shown on drawing. Columns for Collection Bay Area walls cast according to 4.5 m3 1.45 drawing. Reinforcement shall be as shown on drawing. Concrete column for sorting area platform cast according 4.6 m3 0.612 to drawing. Provide 150mm thick reinforced concrete slab for sorting 4.7 area platform cast according to drawing. Reinforcements m3 1.2 shall be as shown on drawing. Compost Slab 1 DH. RINBUDHOO Waste Management Centre BOQ No Item Unit Quantity Rate Amount Compost slab panels cast according to the slopes shown on 4.8 m3 7.50 drawing. Reinforcement shall be as shown on drawings. B1 beams of compost slab cast according to drawing. 4.9 m3 1.72 Reinforcement shall be as shown on drawing. B2 beams of compost slab cast according to drawing. 4.10 m3 0.37 Reinforcement shall be as shown on drawing. B3 beams of compost slab with a mortar layer at an adequate slope, cast according to drawing. Reinforcement 4.11 m3 1.35 shall be as shown on drawing. Rate shall include reinforcement work, formwork, casting and mortar works. Provide 100mm concrete floor screed for composting area. 4.12 m3 7.50 Reinforcement for the slab shall be R6@150 BW single Leachate collection tank with primary and secondary tanks 4.13 as shown on drawing. Rate shall include all formwork, Nos 1 casting and placing of the tank Perimeter Wall 4.14 Perimeter wall column m3 1.33 4.15 Perimeter wall beam m3 1.74 Other 4.16 Foundation for flood light pole m3 0.29 4.17 Ground water well casting work LS 1 5 Structural steel works Collection Bay Area Provide 75mm G.I pipe as structural columns for collection 5.1 bay area. Rate shall include all fixings at both ends of the Nos 8.00 pipe for necessary connections as shown on drawing Provide truss as shown on the drawing. Rate shall include 5.2 all cuttings, weldings, applying of protective coating for m 6.15 welded joints, and setting up the truss Perimeter Wall Perimeter fence using 50mm G.I pipe as shown on 5.3 drawing. Rate shall include all cuttings, weldings, applying m 45.40 of protective coating for welded joints, and, setting up the Other Perimeter fence using 50mm G.I pipe as shown on 5.4 drawing. Rate shall include all cuttings, weldings, applying m 45.40 of protective coating for welded joints, and, setting up the Provide 75mm G.I pipe as flood light fixing poles. Rate shall 5.5 Nos 2 include installation charges as shown on drawing. 6 Masonry works Collection Bay Area walls of thickness 150mm 6.1 3500mm high walls for Collection Bay Walls m3 22.21 6.2 1500mm high walls for Collection Bay section separation m3 2.40 Perimeter walls of thickness 150mm 6.3 1000mm high wall for perimeter wall m3 5.79 Other 2000mm high walls of thickness 150mm for Pump House 6.4 (1700mm high wall above ground level with 300mm below m3 1.76 ground level) 7 Plastering works Collection Bay Area 25mm plastering on 3500mm high walls for Collection Bay 7.1 m2 350.45 Outer Walls 25mm plastering on 1500mm high walls for Collection Bay 7.2 m2 51.30 section separation 2 DH. RINBUDHOO Waste Management Centre BOQ No Item Unit Quantity Rate Amount Perimeter Wall 7.3 25mm plastering on 1000mm wall for perimeter wall m2 98.51 Other 2000mm high walls of thickness 150mm for Pump House 7.4 (1700mm high wall above ground level with 300mm below m2 12.58 ground level) 8 Painting works Collection Bay Area Walls Apply emulsion paint coating on 3500mm high walls for 8.1 m2 350.45 Collection Bay Outer Walls Apply emulsion paint coating on 1500mm high walls for 8.2 m2 51.30 Collection Bay section separation Collection Bay Area Steel Members 8.3 Apply emulsion paint coating on G.I columns of collection LS 1 8.4 Apply emulsion paint coating on the roof trusses LS 1 Apply paint coating on the metal sliding door of the 8.5 LS 1 Hazardous waste storage room Apply paint coating on the two metal folding doors of the 8.6 LS 2 equipment room Perimeter Wall Apply emulsion paint coating on 1000mm high wall for 8.7 m2 98.51 perimeter fence Perimeter Wall Steel members Apply emulsion paint coating on G.I members of perimeter 8.7 LS 1 fence Apply emulsion paint coating on G.I members and MS 8.9 LS 1 Sheets of gates Other 8.10 Apply paint coating on flood light pole LS 2 Apply emulsion paint coating on the removable timber 8.11 LS 2 covers of the leachate collection tanks Apply emulsion paint coating on 2000mm high walls of 8.12 thickness 150mm for Pump House (1700mm high wall m2 12.58 above ground level with 300mm below ground level) 9 Roofing works Collection Bay Area Lysaght roofing sheet for collection bay area. Rate shall 9.1 include all necessary laps, fastening, fixtures and sealing of m2 131.28 joints 9.2 Roof flashing. Rate shall include fastening and sealing of m 35.95 Timber beams - 150 x 75mm. Rate shall include for all 9.3 m 82.05 fixing and joints. Timber rafters - 100 x 50mm. Rate shall include for all 9.4 m 30.39 fixing and joints Timber battens - 50 x 38mm. Rate shall include for all 9.5 m 45.58 fixing and joints. Other Lysaght roofing sheet for Pump House. Rate shall include 9.6 m2 4.00 all necessary laps, fastening, fixtures and sealing of joints Pump House Timber rafters - 100 x 50mm. Rate shall 9.7 m 4.00 include for all fixing and joints Pump House Timber battens - 50 x 38mm. Rate shall 9.8 m 6.67 include for all fixing and joints. 10 Electrical works Collection Bay Area 3 DH. RINBUDHOO Waste Management Centre BOQ No Item Unit Quantity Rate Amount Provide 3 phase 13 A power sockets in equipment room. 10.1 Rate shall include connection to circuit breaker using Nos 4 4sqmm power supply cable and all necessary accessories Provide 100W ceiling mount energy saving light in equipment room, provide the switches near circuit breaker 10.2 Nos 1 inside the equipment room. Rate shall include connection to circuit breaker Provide 100W ceiling mount energy saving light in hazardous waste storage room, provide the switches near 10.3 Nos 1 circuit breaker inside the equipment room. Rate shall include connection to circuit breaker Provide and mount a Ceiling fan inside the Equipment Room as indicated. Rate shall include provision of switch 10.4 Nos 1 near the circuit breaker inside the equipment room, connection to circuit breaker and all necessary accessories Supply and fix electric meter, 4 pole MCCB, Single Phase distribution board and 3 Phase distribution board as shown 10.5 LS 1 on drawing. Earth link and connection to earth rod with proper earth pit should be provided as well Provide and mount a exhaust fan inside the Equipment Room and Hazardous Waste Storage Room. Rate shall 10.6 include provision of switch near the circuit breaker inside LS 2 the equipment room, connection to circuit breaker and all necessary accessories 10.7 Provide weather proof switch for all lights LS 1 Provide 25 sqmm 4 core power supply cable from nearest 10.8 m 100 distribution box to waste yard distribution board Other Provide 13 A power socket for well water pump inside the Pump House, provide the switch for the pump near circuit 10.9 Nos 1 breaker inside the equipment room. Rate shall include connection to circuit breaker. Provide 200 W flood light for illuminating the waste yard. Rate shall include connecting each light to a switch near 10.10 Nos 2 circuit breaker inside the equipment roomand providing power to the switch Provide well water pump. Rate shall include its fixing inside 10.11 Nos 1 the Pump House 11 Plumbing works Provide connection from pump to ground water well. Rate 11.1 shall include all necessary pipes, bends, fittings and LS 1 footvalve and others as maybe required. Provide outlet pipes as shown on drawing. Rate shall 11.2 include connection to pump, bends, fittings and others as LS 1 maybe necessary. 11.3 Provide PVC taps at ends of outlet pipes. Nos 2 11.4 Supply 25mm diameter flexible hose m 25.0 12 Doors and windows 4 DH. RINBUDHOO Waste Management Centre BOQ No Item Unit Quantity Rate Amount Metal Doors Provide lockable metal sliding gates for entrance to hazardous waste storage room. Rate shall include all cuts, welds, applying protective coating to welded joints, 12.1 Nos 1 painting the door and proper fixing of the door. Rate shall include fabrication and fixing of guide rails and wheels as well. Provide lockable metal folding gates for entrance to Equipment room. Rate shall include all cuts, welds, 12.2 applying protective coating to welded joints, painting the Nos 2 door and proper fixing of the door. Rate shall include fabrication and fixing of guide rails and wheels as well. Provide lockable metal gates for entrance to waste yard as specified in the drawing. Rate shall include all cuts, welds, 12.3 Nos 2 applying protective coating to welded joints, painting the frame and properly fixing the door to the fence. Timber Doors Provide a lockable timber door of dimensions 1000mm x 1000mm with double door frames and fixed timber 12.4 Nos 1 louvers for the ground water pump room hut. Rates shall include all materials, hinges and fixings. 13 Other Works Collection Bay Area Provide a 5" vinyl roof gutter with 2" x 3" downspout. 13.1 LS 1 Rates shall include all materials and fastenings. Provide 12" x 12" ceramic tiles for the top and the sides of 13.2 m2 9.80 the concrete slab for sorting area platform Perimeter Wall 50 x 50 PVC coated mesh. Rate shall include properly 13.3 m2 95.34 securing the mesh to G.I steel frame Compost Slab Provide HDPE membrane below compost slab, Concrete 13.4 m2 267.61 screed and collection bay floor slab Provide expansion joint in slab and fill the joint with 13.5 polyethylene joint filler form and silicone as shown on m 15.00 drawing Provide two timber removable covers for the leachate 13.6 collection tank of size 1000x2000mm. Rates shall include LS 2 all materials, fastenings and handles. Connection of compost slab drain to primary tank of the 13.7 LS 1 leachate tank including ball valve TOTAL 5 APPENDIX H Council Meeting Participants List APPENDIX I EPA’s Permission for Shore Protection APPENDIX J Amount and type of vegetation present at the site APPENDIX K Proponent’s Commitment for Mitigation and Monitoring APPENDIX L Guidelines for Environmental Closure of Small Open Dump Sites Guidelines for Environmental Closure of Small Open Dump Sites The following guidelines are developed in line with recommendations made via the Guidelines for Design and Operation of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills in Tropical Climates prepared by the International Solid Waste Association in 2013 and have been amended to suite the project context. 1. Environmental Closure Methods In the context of the Maldives and current solid waste management practices the following two principle 3 methods should be adopted to environmentally close the current waste management locations. Field evaluations have shown that these sites contain small open dump sites, where inorganic waste material such plastics, glass metal have been mixed with garden waste and soil. 1. Closing by covering the waste (in-place method) 2. Closing by removing the waste from the site (evacuation method) However, in the context of the Maldives the Which option to use should be explored via the feasibility studies to be conducted for each island, taking into consideration the sustainability and affordability of waste management options in the local context, all the while remaining cognizant of trying to affect real improvement in relation to the actual and potential environmental effects of the dump site? When choosing a closure/upgrading method it should be borne in mind, that it is not always the most technically advanced solution that is the most appropriate. Depending on the situation, simple improvements of operational aspects (such as applying cover soil and eliminating open burning) can often result in marked site performance and greatly reduced environmental impacts. The key principle should always be to keep things simple and sustainable in a local context, while maximizing actual improvement in environmental performance. 1.1. In-Place Closure This method is the most commonly used option. The solid waste is left at the site and covered with a layer of local soil and re-vegetated. The function of the cover layer is to: Reduce waste exposure to wind and vectors Prevent people and animals from scavenging Control odor Minimize the risk of fires Stop people from using the site Control infiltration of rainwater / surface water Control migration of landfill gas Serve as growth medium for vegetation Support suitable post-closure activities The ability of the cover layer to limit infiltration of water into the dump is an essential environmental protection measure. This is achieved through a suitable combination of cover soil type, thickness, slope and vegetation. In other than very arid conditions a clay cover layer is best suited as it minimizes leachate production, and controls landfill gas migration and odor. The durability of the cap layer and the degree of resistance that the cover offers to infiltration are important design considerations. What constitutes a suitable cap design is site specific and depends on the climate, locally available soil materials and plant types, the extent of protection necessary for the local aquifer and surface water systems etc. Typical operational steps for in-place closing of an open dump are shown in the figure below. When deciding on a suitable final contour for the closed dump, consideration should to be given to the management of surface water and erosion in the Post- closure period. Post closure care may be defined as requirements placed upon solid waste management facilities after closure to ensure environmental impacts are controlled and public health and safety are adequately maintained, for a specified number of years after closure (typically 20 years may be considered and appropriate period of time for Post- closure care of an open dump). 1.1.1. Basic Principles of In-Place Closure The following steps need to be adhered to during the closure process: The dumpsite should be cleaned up and demarcated in a manner that will prohibit public access in order to avoid risk to the public. Recyclables should be separated to be managed appropriately. After closing the site to public access, the facility and surrounding area should be cleaned up so that any waste piles or piles of metallic materials, burnable materials, debris, and windblown paper are consolidated and placed in a final disposal cell for final covering. Particular attention should be given to any environmentally sensitive areas where waste may have been piled too steeply, may have been placed in or next to wetlands or beaches, or where wastes have been placed in drainage ways or in areas that impede surface water drainage. Site closure should help moderate the environmental impact of such improper disposal. As appropriate, waste materials may need to be moved or relocated to higher portions of the site, or the waste may be placed in appropriate areas to help sloping of the closed site. It is important to promote surface water drainage from landfill areas in order to keep surface water from filtering into and through the garbage, thus creating a hazard of ground water and surface water degradation. o A primary concern of site closure is the slope of filled portions of the site to promote surface water runoff without causing ponding or severe erosion of the final cover. The slope or grade of the land and the length strongly affects soil erosion of the slope. o Final slopes of filled portions of the landfill site should be at least 2 percent in grade and should not exceed 8 percent in grade. o Slopes of up to 12 percent may be used where the slope length is short and run off is not concentrated or increased by adjacent slopes. Terraces, waterways, diversions or other measures should be used as appropriate to minimize soil erosion. The USDA Universal Soil Loss Equation may be used to predict soil loss and the life of the cover. 1.1.2. Application of a Final Cover in In-Place Closure After the open landfilled areas have been sloped and all waste buried, compacted, and covered, an inert waste landfill site should be covered with at least 20-25 inches of clay-rich soil and 36 inches for municipal solid waste landfills that contain organic matter. In the Maldives due to the lack of abundant clay-rich soil, more dense sandy soil may be used. This final cover of soil should be placed in layers. o The first or deepest being about 12 inches for inert waste landfills or 18 inches for municipal solid waste landfills, which should be carefully compacted in six-inch lifts to minimize surface water infiltration. Compaction testing of this "barrier layer" may be required to ensure the soil material be properly placed. o An additional 12-18 inch of soil material should be placed over the compacted clay layer to help protect it from damage due to erosion, plant roots, vehicular traffic, freezing and thawing, etc. This "buffer layer" also provides a rooting depth for the final vegetative cover. o Based on site conditions, additional layers may be desirable. At least six inches of topsoil or suitable plant growth material such as compost, should be spread over the site. o Where possible Soil nutrient testing of the topsoil is suggested. Soil pH, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, conductivity, bulk density, and organic matter are suggested parameters. o Based on this analysis, appropriate organic matter may be added to the topsoil to increase fertility. 1.1.3. Site Revegetation and Long Term Management The site should be revegetated when practicable to a mixture of native grass or shrub species as recommended by the local environmental protection agency. Tree plantings may be placed around the landfill site, however, unless special precautions are taken, trees should not be planted on top of the landfill and should not be planted in positions which will cause excessive soil drifting on the landfill. Tree plantings help improve the aesthetics of the landfill site and may improve the site for long term use as wildlife habitat, scenic areas, etc. As appropriate, the landfill site may need additional covering applied, additional erosion control structures installed, and/or reseeding of the vegetative cover. In the post-closure period there may be regulatory requirements to establish a monitoring programme to assess risks over the long term. The basic principles are as follows, to: • Maintain the Integrity of the Cover layer through regular maintenance to address: o Settlement, cap subsidence, slope instability and vegetation cover o Storm water run-off / run-on drainage controls, and drain and cap erosion • Operate, Monitor and Maintain o Leachate management system (if any) o Landfill gas controls and wells (if any) o Groundwater wells; stream sampling (if any) 1.2. Evacuation Method-Removing Waste With this method the solid waste in the open dump is excavated and disposed off-site (typically to a sanitary landfill, or a waste incineration plant). As no sanitary landfills are currently located in the Maldives the final disposal option will be incineration at the Regional Waste Management Center in the North in Vandhoo Island in the Raa Atoll. Where possible, from the large amounts of accumulated cans, bottles, metal and plastic waste found in the dumpsites of inhabited islands the option of sourcing them to recyclers or companies that partake in resource recovery should be explored. For all such material that can be incinerated as per the National Incineration guidelines, the MEE along with WAMCO should facilitate with the IWMC and organize for the material to be transported accordingly to the incineration plant at Vandhoo. In the event that transportation to the Vandhoo facility will not be financially viable a second option is, once a site for the Regional Waste Management Center for Zone IV has been established, an onsite storage facility should be constructed and all material that can be incinerated should be transported via barge to this location and stored. The material can be sourced for initial testing and commissioning of the incinerator. All material that cannot be incinerated nor has a recyclable/resource value should be sorted should be either incorporated in to the existing open dump site prior to In-Place Closure. In the case of the small-medium scale open dump piles that are mixed with soil and other organic matter, unless properly sorted, incineration will not be an option. Thus for these In-Place Closure should be adopted.