DOCSLIB.ORG

General Knowledge Today Prelims Geography-1: Astronomy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

General Knowledge Today Prelims Geography-1: Astronomy Target 2016: Integrated IAS General Studies Published by: UPSC Materials No Rights Reserved www.freeupscmaterials.org Prelims Geography-1: Astronomy Contents Model Questions .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Basic Facts about Universe ................................................................................................................................ 3 Hubble Constant .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Black Holes ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 Dark Matter and Dark Energy ......................................................................................................................... 7 Dark Energy ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Composition of Dark Matter .................................................................................................................... 8 Implication of dark matter on shape of universe ................................................................................. 8 Galaxies .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Types of Galaxies ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Size of Galaxies ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Dwarf Galaxy ............................................................................................................................................... 9 Distribution of Galaxies ............................................................................................................................ 10 Group of Galaxies ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Cluster of Galaxies ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Supercluster of Galaxies ........................................................................................................................... 10 Milky Way Galaxy ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Basic Features of Milkyway ..................................................................................................................... 10 Neighbours of Milky Way ......................................................................................................................... 11 Radio Galaxies ............................................................................................................................................. 12 Large / Small Magellanic Clouds ........................................................................................................... 12 Interstellar medium .................................................................................................................................... 12 Nebula .................................................................................................................................................................. 13 Types of nebulae ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Quasar .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Stars ...................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Basic Facts About Stars ............................................................................................................................ 14 Stellar Evolution .......................................................................................................................................... 15 Pre-main sequence phases ....................................................................................................................... 15 Main sequence star .................................................................................................................................... 15 Post-main sequence stars ......................................................................................................................... 17 Factors that influence, how stars will evolve ....................................................................................... 18 Sun & Solar System ........................................................................................................................................... 19 Structure of Sun ......................................................................................................................................... 19 Composition of Sun .................................................................................................................................. 20 Mass of Sun ................................................................................................................................................ 20 Rotation of Sun .......................................................................................................................................... 20 Formation of Solar System ...................................................................................................................... 21 Size of Solar System .................................................................................................................................. 21 www.freeupscmaterials.org 2 Prelims Geography-1: Astronomy Planets .......................................................................................................................................................... 22 Planetary Rings ........................................................................................................................................... 22 Inner Planets/ Terrestrial Planets .......................................................................................................... 22 Outer Planets / Gas Giants ..................................................................................................................... 22 Important Facts About Planets ............................................................................................................... 23 Mercury ....................................................................................................................................................... 23 Venus ............................................................................................................................................................ 23 Mars ............................................................................................................................................................. 24 Jupiter .......................................................................................................................................................... 26 Important Moons of Jupiter .................................................................................................................... 28 Saturn .......................................................................................................................................................... 28 Moons of Saturn ....................................................................................................................................... 29 Uranus ......................................................................................................................................................... 30 Neptune ....................................................................................................................................................... 30 Kuiper Belt .................................................................................................................................................. 30 Kuiper Belt Objects .................................................................................................................................... 31 Asteroids ...................................................................................................................................................... 31 Asteroid belt ............................................................................................................................................... 32 Asteroids located other than Asteroid Belt .......................................................................................... 32 Origin of Asteroids .................................................................................................................................... 32 Number of Asteroids ...............................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • La Galera En El Horizonte Mediterráneo De La Tardoantigüedad Imperial Al Triunfo De Las Repúblicas Marítimas Arqueología, Documentación E Iconografía

    La Galera En El Horizonte Mediterráneo De La Tardoantigüedad Imperial Al Triunfo De Las Repúblicas Marítimas Arqueología, Documentación E Iconografía

    Tesis Doctoral La galera en el horizonte mediterráneo de la tardoantigüedad imperial al triunfo de las repúblicas marítimas Arqueología, documentación e iconografía Alejandro Martín López Ministerio de Defensa CATÁLOGO GENERAL DE PUBLICACIONES OFICIALES http://publicacionesoficiales.boe.es/ Edita: SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA www.bibliotecavirtualdefensa.es © Autor y editor, 2013 NIPO: 083-13-143-8 (edición libro-e) Fecha de edición: octubre 2013 ISBN: 978-84-9781-848-3 (edición libro-e) Las opiniones emitidas en esta publicación son exclusiva responsabilidad del autor de la misma. Los derechos de explotación de esta obra están amparados por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual. Ninguna de las partes de la misma puede ser repro- ducida, almacenada ni transmitida en ninguna forma ni por medio alguno, electrónico, mecánico o de grabación, incluido fotocopias, o por cualquier otra forma, sin permiso previo, expreso y por escrito de los titulares del © Copyright. La galera en el horizonte mediterráneo de la tardoantigüedad imperial al triunfo de las repúblicas marítimas Arqueología, documentación e iconografía Alejandro Martín López Tesis dirigida por: Prof. Dr. Manuel A. MARTÍN-BUENO Catedrático de Arqueología, Epigrafía y Numismática de la Universidad de Zaragoza ¿Qué es el mar?, refugio ante el peligro. «Catecismo», Alcuino. ÍNDICE Guía del lector ........................................................................................ 11 1. Introducción: la galera en el Mediterráneo .......................................... 13 2. Historia de
  • Beji Erdik TUDAV 18

    Beji Erdik TUDAV 18

    Accidents at the Strait History of Regulations before Republican Era along the Turkish Straits Sea Area Transition Regime in the Turkish Straits during the Republican Era The Montreux Convention and Effects at Turkish Straits Evaluation of the Montreux Convention in the Light of Recent Problems A Historical View on Technical Developments on Ships and Effects of Turkish Straits Geographic and Bathymetric Restrictions along the Turkish Straits Sea Area Hydrodynamics and Modeling of Turkish Straits Wave Climate in the Turkish Sea of Marmara Oil ollution at ea and oast ollowing ajor ccidents Forensic ingerprinting in il-spill ource dentification at the Turkish Straits Sea Area Oil Spill Detection Using Remote Sensing Technologies-Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) The Role of Remote Sensing to Detect Oil Pollution and Emergency Intervention Oil Spill Recovery and Clean-Up Techniques Turkish Strait Sea Area, Contingency Planning, Regulations and Case Studies Dispersant Response Method to Incidental Oil Pollution Marine Microorganisms and Oil Spill Estimated ffects of il pill on the hytoplankton ollowing “Volgoneft-248” Accident (Sea of Marmara) Interactions between Zooplankton and Oil Spills: Lessons Learned from Global Accidents and a Proposal for Zooplankton Monitoring The Effects of Oil Spill on the Macrophytobenthic Communities Potential Impacts of Oil Spills on Macrozoobenthos in the Turkish Straits System The Anticipated Effects of Oil Spill on Fish Populations in Case of an Accident along the Turkish Straits System – A review of Studies
  • Shipbreaking # 56 – August 2019

    Shipbreaking # 56 – August 2019

    Shipbreaking Bulletin of information and analysis on ship demolition # 56, from April 1 to June 30, 2019 August 2, 2019 Maharshi Vamadeva's convicts February 5, 2018, Fujairah. © Sergey Reshetov Summer 2017. The Maharshi Vamadeva is undergoing repair works in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. This is an emergency case, the old LNG carrier is crippled with wounds but Varun, her Indian shipowner, is crippled with debts. The shipyard bill is not paid. The ship is seized. On board, the crew remains prisonner. They adress the Emir of Dubai. On August 15, 2018, the 15 remaining crew are repatriated in India. On April 29, 2019, Maharshi Vamadeva is beached in Alang as Vam. (See p 50). Content Casualty ships 2 Heavy load carrier 16 Offshore service vessel 51 The old ones resist 4 Livestock carrier 18 Research vessel 54 2nd quarter, the tonnage feels depressed 7 Ferry / passenger ship 19 Offshore support vessel 55 Trade Winds Forum, report: 9 General cargo carrier 24 Drilling ship 55 Japan's involvment 9 Container ship 31 Bulker 56 Shipbreaking yards: Priya Blue and PHP 10 Reefer 38 Cement carrier 64 Shipowners: Asian Shipowners' association 12 Factory ship 39 Car carrier 66 Ship Recycling Transparency Initiative, Oil tanker 40 Miscellaneous 67 Maersk Chemical tanker 48 Others: Navy, Trade Unions 14 Gas carrier 49 Sources 70 Robin des Bois - 1 - Shipbreaking # 56 – August 2019 Casualty ships The second quarter of 2019 was fatal to 11 ships that suffered collisions (4), groundings (4) or fires (3) and were deemed beyond repair. The most recent accident was the collision of the VLCC Shinyo Ocean on March 24, 2019 (p 46); 3 others occurred in the early months of 2019.
  • European Wind Farms

    European Wind Farms

    Gartefjellet (40MW,20) KJØLLEFJORD VIND AS Havøygavlen (40MW,16) Arctic Wind (StatoilHydro) Kjollefjord (39.1MW,17) Kjøllefjord Vind AS (Statkraft) Sandhaugen (1.5MW,1) Norsk Miljøkraft FoU AS Kvalnes, Andøya (0.4MW,1) Andøya Energi AS Hovden, Vesterålen (0.4MW,1) Vesterålskraft Produksjon AS Enontekiö (1.5MW,3) Tunturituuli Oy Nygårdsfjellet I (6.9MW,3) Nordkraft Vind AS Hammarøya vindmølle (0.3MW,1) Nordmøre Energiverk AS Olos 3 (1.8MW,3) Tunturituuli Oy Viscaria (5.4MW,6) Biegg-al mai/Suorva (0.6MW,1) Aapua (10.5MW,7) Hornberg (10MW,5) Bolungarvik Uljabuouda (30MW,10) Skellefteå Kraft Blaiken (300MW,100) Skellefteå Kraft Kemi 1 (0.9MW,3) Kemin Tuulivoimapuisto Oy Storön (0.85MW,1) Kemi (30MW,10) PVO Innopower Oy Kemi (3MW,1) Haminan Energia Oy Ajos (Kemi) 1+2 (24MW,8) Pohjolan Voima Ajos T5 (30MW,10) PVO Innopower Oy Jokkmokksliden (25MW,10) Skellefteå Kraft Kuivaniemi (7MW,8) VAPOn tuulivoima Oy Vatunki 6 (2MW,1) VAPOn tuulivoima Oy Kuivamatala 1 (2.25MW,3) VAPOn tuulivoima Oy Laitakari (0.5MW,3) Iin Energia Oy Ii (1.5MW,2) Iin Energia Oy Ii Laitakari (1MW,1) Dragaliden (24MW,12) Svevind Bondön (35MW,14) Global Green Energy Huikku (0.5MW,1) Hornberget (10MW,5) Jämtkraft AB Vattenfall sähköntuotanto Oy Klimpfjäll (2.7MW,3) Vattenfall AB Hailuoto (1.6MW,4) Spawer Kraft Ab Oulu (4MW,2) PVO Innopower Oy Marjaniemi 3 (0.5MW,1) Riutunkari T4 (3MW,3) Vihreäsaari T2 (3MW,1) Vattenfall sähköntuotanto Oy PVO Innopower Oy PVO Innopower Oy Oulunsalo (10.3MW,6) PVO Innopower Oy Lumijoki (0.66MW,1) Lumituuli Oy Routunkari (0.66MW,1) Lumituuli Oy
  • Döhle Yachts Managing Perfection

    Döhle Yachts Managing Perfection

    Döhle Yachts Managing Perfection Glossary of Nautical Terms, Abbreviations and Acronyms Glossary of Nautical Terms, Abbreviations and Acronyms This glossary of terms, abbreviations and acronyms has been compiled by Döhle Yachts. They are terms used in the yachting industry generally and with particular reference to those used in the superyacht sector. There are separate sections for forecasting and meteorological terms, the names of winds, and signal flags. This glossary is intended as an introductory guide for those seeking to enter the industry and as reference for those already employed within the industry. Contents Page Glossary of Nautical Terms: 2 – 27 The Beaufort Wind Force Scale: 28 Glossary of Marine Forecast Terms 29 – 30 Glossary of Meteorological Terms and Names of Winds: 31 – 40 Maritime Signal Flags: 41 Managing Perfection Döhle Yachts was founded over ten years ago as the large yacht services and support group of Döhle Private Clients Limited. We are part of one of the world’s largest shipping companies, Peter Döhle Schiffahrts-KG, which employs over 4,800 seafarers on over 450 vessels, so we understand ships and the sea. We now provide a comprehensive range of services to many of the best known, most valuable and admired yachts in the world. In the years that Döhle Yachts has been operating we have earned a reputation for providing the highest quality service, support and solutions to the superyacht industry. Our mission from the start was to be a trusted partner supporting those involved in owning, operating, crewing and managing superyachts, leaving the Captain to run the vessel without the distraction of onerous administration and time consuming paperwork.
  • Circulation of the Turkish Straits System Under Interannual Atmospheric Forcing

    Circulation of the Turkish Straits System Under Interannual Atmospheric Forcing

    Ocean Sci., 14, 999–1019, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-999-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Circulation of the Turkish Straits System under interannual atmospheric forcing Ali Aydogdu˘ 1,2,3, Nadia Pinardi4,5, Emin Özsoy6,7, Gokhan Danabasoglu8, Özgür Gürses6,9, and Alicia Karspeck8 1Science and Management of Climate Change, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy 2Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy 3Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy 5Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Bologna, Italy 6Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli, Turkey 7Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey 8National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA 9Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Correspondence: Ali Aydogdu˘ ([email protected]) Received: 16 January 2018 – Discussion started: 31 January 2018 Revised: 31 May 2018 – Accepted: 25 July 2018 – Published: 11 September 2018 Abstract. A simulation of the Turkish Straits System 1 Introduction (TSS) using a high-resolution, three-dimensional, unstruc- tured mesh ocean circulation model with realistic atmo- The Turkish Straits System (TSS) connects the Marmara, spheric forcing for the 2008–2013 period is presented. The Black and Mediterranean seas through the Bosphorus and depth of the pycnocline between the upper and lower lay- Dardanelles straits. The near-surface layer of low salinity wa- ers remains stationary after 6 years of integration, indicat- ters originating from the Black Sea enters from the Bospho- ing that despite the limitations of the modelling system, the rus, flowing west and exiting into the Aegean Sea at the Dar- simulation maintains its realism.