DOCSLIB.ORG

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Copyright © 1987, 1989, 1991-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being "GNU General Public License" and "Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". (a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is: A GNU Manual (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development. For a copy of the GNU General Public License, see http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html. This version is by Red Hat, Inc. Red Hat, Inc. 1801 Varsity Drive Raleigh NC 27606-2072 USA Phone: +1 919 754 3700 Phone: 888 733 4281 Fax: +1 919 754 3701 PO Box 13588 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA gcc(EN)-4-Print-RHI (2005-02-01) Red Hat and the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo are registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners. The GPG fingerprint of the [email protected] key is: CA 20 86 86 2B D6 9D FC 65 F6 EC C4 21 91 80 CD DB 42 A6 0E Table of Contents 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Programming Languages Supported by GCC ............................................................................. 3 3. Language Standards Supported by GCC..................................................................................... 5 4. GCC Command Options ................................................................................................................ 7 4.1. Option Summary................................................................................................................ 7 4.2. Options Controlling the Kind of Output .......................................................................... 16 4.3. Compiling C++ Programs................................................................................................ 19 4.4. Options Controlling C Dialect ......................................................................................... 19 4.5. Options Controlling C++ Dialect..................................................................................... 23 4.6. Options Controlling Objective-C Dialect ........................................................................ 29 4.7. Options to Control Diagnostic Messages Formatting...................................................... 32 4.8. Options to Request or Suppress Warnings....................................................................... 32 4.9. Options for Debugging Your Program or GCC ............................................................... 45 4.10. Options That Control Optimization ............................................................................... 53 4.11. Options Controlling the Preprocessor............................................................................ 72 4.12. Passing Options to the Assembler.................................................................................. 81 4.13. Options for Linking........................................................................................................ 81 4.14. Options for Directory Search......................................................................................... 83 4.15. Specifying subprocesses and the switches to pass to them............................................ 85 4.16. Specifying Target Machine and Compiler Version ........................................................ 92 4.17. Hardware Models and Configurations ........................................................................... 92 4.17.1. IBM RS/6000 and PowerPC Options ............................................................. 93 4.17.2. Darwin Options............................................................................................. 101 4.17.3. Intel 386 and AMD x86-64 Options ............................................................. 102 4.17.4. IA-64 Options ............................................................................................... 109 4.17.5. S/390 and zSeries Options ............................................................................ 110 4.18. Options for Code Generation Conventions.................................................................. 112 4.19. Environment Variables Affecting GCC ....................................................................... 118 4.20. Using Precompiled Headers......................................................................................... 120 4.21. Running Protoize ......................................................................................................... 121 5. C Implementation-defined behavior ......................................................................................... 125 5.1. Translation ..................................................................................................................... 125 5.2. Environment................................................................................................................... 125 5.3. Identifiers ....................................................................................................................... 125 5.4. Characters ...................................................................................................................... 125 5.5. Integers........................................................................................................................... 126 5.6. Floating point................................................................................................................. 126 5.7. Arrays and pointers........................................................................................................ 127 5.8. Hints............................................................................................................................... 127 5.9. Structures, unions, enumerations, and bit-fields ............................................................ 127 5.10. Qualifiers...................................................................................................................... 128 5.11. Preprocessing directives............................................................................................... 128 5.12. Library functions.......................................................................................................... 128 5.13. Architecture.................................................................................................................. 128 5.14. Locale-specific behavior .............................................................................................. 129 6. Extensions to the C Language Family....................................................................................... 131 6.1. Statements and Declarations in Expressions.................................................................. 131 6.2. Locally Declared Labels ................................................................................................ 132 6.3. Labels as Values............................................................................................................. 133 6.4. Nested Functions............................................................................................................ 134 6.5. Constructing Function Calls .......................................................................................... 136 6.6. Referring to a Type with typeof .................................................................................. 137 6.7. Generalized Lvalues....................................................................................................... 138 6.8. Conditionals with Omitted Operands............................................................................. 139 6.9. Double-Word Integers.................................................................................................... 140 6.10. Complex Numbers ....................................................................................................... 140 6.11. Hex Floats .................................................................................................................... 141 6.12. Arrays of Length Zero ................................................................................................. 141 6.13. Structures With No Members ...................................................................................... 142 6.14. Arrays of Variable Length............................................................................................ 142 6.15. Macros with a Variable Number of Arguments. .......................................................... 144 6.16. Slightly Looser Rules for Escaped Newlines............................................................... 144 6.17. Non-Lvalue Arrays May Have Subscripts ................................................................... 145 6.18. Arithmetic on void- and Function-Pointers................................................................ 145 6.19. Non-Constant
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
    Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) Using the GNU Compiler Collection by Richard M. Stallman and the GCC Developer Community Last updated 23 May 2004 for GCC 3.4.6 For GCC Version 3.4.6 Published by: GNU Press Website: www.gnupress.org a division of the General: [email protected] Free Software Foundation Orders: [email protected] 59 Temple Place Suite 330 Tel 617-542-5942 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Fax 617-542-2652 Last printed October 2003 for GCC 3.3.1. Printed copies are available for $45 each. Copyright c 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being \GNU General Public License" and \Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". (a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is: A GNU Manual (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development. i Short Contents Introduction ...................................... 1 1 Programming Languages Supported by GCC ............ 3 2 Language Standards Supported by GCC ............... 5 3 GCC Command Options .........................
    [Show full text]
  • The GNU Configure and Build System
    The GNU configure and build system Ian Lance Taylor Copyright c 1998 Cygnus Solutions Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the con- ditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another lan- guage, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. i Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................... 1 1.1 Goals................................................... 1 1.2 Tools ................................................... 1 1.3 History ................................................. 1 1.4 Building ................................................ 2 2 Getting Started............................ 3 2.1 Write configure.in ....................................... 4 2.2 Write Makefile.am ....................................... 6 2.3 Write acconfig.h......................................... 7 2.4 Generate files ........................................... 8 2.5 Example................................................ 8 2.5.1 First Try....................................... 9 2.5.2 Second Try.................................... 10 2.5.3 Third
    [Show full text]
  • Opportunities and Open Problems for Static and Dynamic Program Analysis Mark Harman∗, Peter O’Hearn∗ ∗Facebook London and University College London, UK
    1 From Start-ups to Scale-ups: Opportunities and Open Problems for Static and Dynamic Program Analysis Mark Harman∗, Peter O’Hearn∗ ∗Facebook London and University College London, UK Abstract—This paper1 describes some of the challenges and research questions that target the most productive intersection opportunities when deploying static and dynamic analysis at we have yet witnessed: that between exciting, intellectually scale, drawing on the authors’ experience with the Infer and challenging science, and real-world deployment impact. Sapienz Technologies at Facebook, each of which started life as a research-led start-up that was subsequently deployed at scale, Many industrialists have perhaps tended to regard it unlikely impacting billions of people worldwide. that much academic work will prove relevant to their most The paper identifies open problems that have yet to receive pressing industrial concerns. On the other hand, it is not significant attention from the scientific community, yet which uncommon for academic and scientific researchers to believe have potential for profound real world impact, formulating these that most of the problems faced by industrialists are either as research questions that, we believe, are ripe for exploration and that would make excellent topics for research projects. boring, tedious or scientifically uninteresting. This sociological phenomenon has led to a great deal of miscommunication between the academic and industrial sectors. I. INTRODUCTION We hope that we can make a small contribution by focusing on the intersection of challenging and interesting scientific How do we transition research on static and dynamic problems with pressing industrial deployment needs. Our aim analysis techniques from the testing and verification research is to move the debate beyond relatively unhelpful observations communities to industrial practice? Many have asked this we have typically encountered in, for example, conference question, and others related to it.
    [Show full text]
  • Addresssanitizer + Code Coverage Kostya Serebryany, Google Eurollvm 2014 New and Shiny -Fprofile-Instr-Generate
    AddressSanitizer + Code Coverage Kostya Serebryany, Google EuroLLVM 2014 New and shiny -fprofile-instr-generate ● Coming this year ● Fast BB-level code coverage ● Increment a counter per every (*) BB ○ Possible contention on counters ● Creates special non-code sections ○ Counters ○ Function names, line numbers Meanwhile: ASanCoverage ● Tiny prototype-ish thing: ○ Part of AddressSanitizer ○ 30 lines in LLVM, 100 in run-time ● Function- or BB- level coverage ○ Booleans only, not counters ○ No contention ○ No extra sections in the binary At compile time: if (!*BB_Guard) { __sanitizer_cov(); *BB_Guard = 1; } At run time void __sanitizer_cov() { Record(GET_CALLER_PC()); } At exit time ● For every binary/DSO in the process: ○ Dump observed PCs in a separate file as 4-byte offsets At analysis time ● Compare/Merge using 20 lines of python ● Symbolize using regular DWARF % cat cov.c int main() { } % clang -g -fsanitize=address -mllvm -asan-coverage=1 cov. c % ASAN_OPTIONS=coverage=1 ./a.out % wc -c *sancov 4 a.out.15751.sancov % sancov.py print a.out.15751.sancov sancov.py: read 1 PCs from a.out.15751.sancov sancov.py: 1 files merged; 1 PCs total 0x4850b7 % sancov.py print *.sancov | llvm-symbolizer --obj=a.out main /tmp/cov.c:1:0 Fuzzing with coverage feedback ● Test corpus: N random tests ● Randomly mutate random test ○ If new BB is covered -- add this test to the corpus ● Many new bugs in well fuzzed projects! Feedback from our customers ● Speed is paramount ● Binary size is important ○ Permanent & temporary storage, tmps, I/O ○ Stripping non-code
    [Show full text]
  • Release 0.11 Todd Gamblin
    Spack Documentation Release 0.11 Todd Gamblin Feb 07, 2018 Basics 1 Feature Overview 3 1.1 Simple package installation.......................................3 1.2 Custom versions & configurations....................................3 1.3 Customize dependencies.........................................4 1.4 Non-destructive installs.........................................4 1.5 Packages can peacefully coexist.....................................4 1.6 Creating packages is easy........................................4 2 Getting Started 7 2.1 Prerequisites...............................................7 2.2 Installation................................................7 2.3 Compiler configuration..........................................9 2.4 Vendor-Specific Compiler Configuration................................ 13 2.5 System Packages............................................. 16 2.6 Utilities Configuration.......................................... 18 2.7 GPG Signing............................................... 20 2.8 Spack on Cray.............................................. 21 3 Basic Usage 25 3.1 Listing available packages........................................ 25 3.2 Installing and uninstalling........................................ 42 3.3 Seeing installed packages........................................ 44 3.4 Specs & dependencies.......................................... 46 3.5 Virtual dependencies........................................... 50 3.6 Extensions & Python support...................................... 53 3.7 Filesystem requirements........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Gnu Libiberty September 2001 for GCC 3
    gnu libiberty September 2001 for GCC 3 Phil Edwards et al. Copyright c 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. i Table of Contents 1 Using ............................................ 1 2 Overview ........................................ 2 2.1 Supplemental Functions ........................................ 2 2.2 Replacement Functions ......................................... 2 2.2.1 Memory Allocation ........................................ 2 2.2.2 Exit Handlers ............................................. 2 2.2.3 Error Reporting ........................................... 2 2.3 Extensions ..................................................... 3 3 Obstacks......................................... 4 3.1 Creating Obstacks.............................................. 4 3.2 Preparing for Using Obstacks................................... 4 3.3 Allocation in an Obstack ....................................... 5 3.4 Freeing Objects in an Obstack.................................. 6 3.5 Obstack Functions and Macros ................................. 7 3.6 Growing Objects ............................................... 8 3.7 Extra Fast Growing Objects ...................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kafl: Hardware-Assisted Feedback Fuzzing for OS Kernels
    kAFL: Hardware-Assisted Feedback Fuzzing for OS Kernels Sergej Schumilo1, Cornelius Aschermann1, Robert Gawlik1, Sebastian Schinzel2, Thorsten Holz1 1Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2Münster University of Applied Sciences Motivation IJG jpeg libjpeg-turbo libpng libtiff mozjpeg PHP Mozilla Firefox Internet Explorer PCRE sqlite OpenSSL LibreOffice poppler freetype GnuTLS GnuPG PuTTY ntpd nginx bash tcpdump JavaScriptCore pdfium ffmpeg libmatroska libarchive ImageMagick BIND QEMU lcms Adobe Flash Oracle BerkeleyDB Android libstagefright iOS ImageIO FLAC audio library libsndfile less lesspipe strings file dpkg rcs systemd-resolved libyaml Info-Zip unzip libtasn1OpenBSD pfctl NetBSD bpf man mandocIDA Pro clamav libxml2glibc clang llvmnasm ctags mutt procmail fontconfig pdksh Qt wavpack OpenSSH redis lua-cmsgpack taglib privoxy perl libxmp radare2 SleuthKit fwknop X.Org exifprobe jhead capnproto Xerces-C metacam djvulibre exiv Linux btrfs Knot DNS curl wpa_supplicant Apple Safari libde265 dnsmasq libbpg lame libwmf uudecode MuPDF imlib2 libraw libbson libsass yara W3C tidy- html5 VLC FreeBSD syscons John the Ripper screen tmux mosh UPX indent openjpeg MMIX OpenMPT rxvt dhcpcd Mozilla NSS Nettle mbed TLS Linux netlink Linux ext4 Linux xfs botan expat Adobe Reader libav libical OpenBSD kernel collectd libidn MatrixSSL jasperMaraDNS w3m Xen OpenH232 irssi cmark OpenCV Malheur gstreamer Tor gdk-pixbuf audiofilezstd lz4 stb cJSON libpcre MySQL gnulib openexr libmad ettercap lrzip freetds Asterisk ytnefraptor mpg123 exempi libgmime pev v8 sed awk make
    [Show full text]
  • A Zero Kernel Operating System: Rethinking Microkernel Design by Leveraging Tagged Architectures and Memory-Safe Languages
    A Zero Kernel Operating System: Rethinking Microkernel Design by Leveraging Tagged Architectures and Memory-Safe Languages by Justin Restivo B.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2019) Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2020 © Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2020. All rights reserved. Author............................................................................ Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science January 29, 2020 Certified by....................................................................... Dr. Howard Shrobe Principal Research Scientist, MIT CSAIL Thesis Supervisor Certified by....................................................................... Dr. Hamed Okhravi Senior Staff Member, MIT Lincoln Laboratory Thesis Supervisor Certified by....................................................................... Dr. Samuel Jero Technical Staff, MIT Lincoln Laboratory Thesis Supervisor Accepted by...................................................................... Katrina LaCurts Chair, Master of Engineering Thesis Committee DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. This material is based upon work supported by the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering under Air Force Contract No. FA8702-15-D-0001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines on Minimum Standards for Developer Verification of Software
    Guidelines on Minimum Standards for Developer Verification of Software Paul E. Black Barbara Guttman Vadim Okun Software and Systems Division Information Technology Laboratory July 2021 Abstract Executive Order (EO) 14028, Improving the Nation’s Cybersecurity, 12 May 2021, di- rects the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to recommend minimum standards for software testing within 60 days. This document describes eleven recommen- dations for software verification techniques as well as providing supplemental information about the techniques and references for further information. It recommends the following techniques: • Threat modeling to look for design-level security issues • Automated testing for consistency and to minimize human effort • Static code scanning to look for top bugs • Heuristic tools to look for possible hardcoded secrets • Use of built-in checks and protections • “Black box” test cases • Code-based structural test cases • Historical test cases • Fuzzing • Web app scanners, if applicable • Address included code (libraries, packages, services) The document does not address the totality of software verification, but instead recom- mends techniques that are broadly applicable and form the minimum standards. The document was developed by NIST in consultation with the National Security Agency. Additionally, we received input from numerous outside organizations through papers sub- mitted to a NIST workshop on the Executive Order held in early June, 2021 and discussion at the workshop as well as follow up with several of the submitters. Keywords software assurance; verification; testing; static analysis; fuzzing; code review; software security. Disclaimer Any mention of commercial products or reference to commercial organizations is for infor- mation only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the products mentioned are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • Licensing Information User Manual Oracle® ILOM Firmware
    Licensing Information User Manual ® Oracle ILOM Firmware Release 4.0.x Last Updated: December 2019 Part No: E81116-07 December 2019 Licensing Information User Manual Oracle ILOM Firmware Release 4.0.x Part No: E81116-07 Copyright © 2018, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, delivered to U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Software Evolution on Code Coverage Information
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Computer Science and Engineering, Department CSE Conference and Workshop Papers of 2001 The Impact of Software Evolution on Code Coverage Information Sebastian Elbaum University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] David Gable University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Gregg Rothermel University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cseconfwork Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Elbaum, Sebastian; Gable, David; and Rothermel, Gregg, "The Impact of Software Evolution on Code Coverage Information" (2001). CSE Conference and Workshop Papers. 132. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cseconfwork/132 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Computer Science and Engineering, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in CSE Conference and Workshop Papers by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2001. Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ICSM.2001.972727 Publication Year: 2001 , Page(s): 170 - 179 The Impact of Software Evolution on Code Coverage Information Sebastian Elbaum David Gable Gregg Rothermel Dept. of Computer Dept. of Computer Computer Science Dept. Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Oregon State University University of Nebraska-Lincoln University of Nebraska-Lincoln Corvallis, OR Lincoln, Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Often, code coverage information is collected for a ver- sion of a program to aid in some maintenance or testing task Many tools and techniques for addressing software performed on that particular version.
    [Show full text]
  • General Commands Reference Guide C
    General Commands Reference Guide C TRACE32 Online Help TRACE32 Directory TRACE32 Index TRACE32 Documents ...................................................................................................................... General Commands ...................................................................................................................... General Commands Reference Guide C .................................................................................. 1 History ...................................................................................................................................... 11 CACHE ...................................................................................................................................... 12 CACHE View and modify CPU cache contents 12 CACHE.CLEAN Clean CACHE 12 CACHE.ComPare Compare CACHE with memory 13 CACHE.DUMP Dump CACHE 14 CACHE.FLUSH Clean and invalidate CACHE 15 CACHE.GET Get CACHE contents 16 CACHE.INFO View all information related to an address 16 CACHE.INVALIDATE Invalidate CACHE 17 CACHE.List List CACHE contents 17 CACHE.ListFunc List cached functions 18 CACHE.ListLine List cached source code lines 19 CACHE.ListModule List cached modules 19 CACHE.ListVar List cached variables 20 CACHE.LOAD Load previously stored cache contents 21 CACHE.RELOAD Reload previously loaded cache contents 21 CACHE.SAVE Save cache contents for postprocessing 21 CACHE.SNAPSHOT Take cache snapshot for comparison 22 CACHE.UNLOAD Unload previously loaded cache contents 23 CACHE.view
    [Show full text]