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GAC-MAC-CSPG-CSSS Pre-conference Field Trips A1 Contamination in the South Mountain Batholith and Port Mouton Pluton, southern Nova Scotia HALIFAX Building Bridges—across science, through time, around2005 the world D. Barrie Clarke and Saskia Erdmann A2 Salt tectonics and sedimentation in western Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia Ian Davison and Chris Jauer A3 Glaciation and landscapes of the Halifax region, Nova Scotia Ralph Stea and John Gosse A4 Structural geology and vein arrays of lode gold deposits, Meguma terrane, Nova Scotia Rick Horne A5 Facies heterogeneity in lacustrine basins: the transtensional Moncton Basin (Mississippian) and extensional Fundy Basin (Triassic-Jurassic), New Brunswick and Nova Scotia David Keighley and David E. Brown A6 Geological setting of intrusion-related gold mineralization in southwestern New Brunswick Kathleen Thorne, Malcolm McLeod, Les Fyffe, and David Lentz A7 The Triassic-Jurassic faunal and floral transition in the Fundy Basin, Nova Scotia Paul Olsen, Jessica Whiteside, and Tim Fedak Post-conference Field Trips B1 Accretion of peri-Gondwanan terranes, northern mainland Nova Scotia Field Trip A5 and southern New Brunswick Sandra Barr, Susan Johnson, Brendan Murphy, Georgia Pe-Piper, David Piper, and Chris White Facies heterogeneity in lacustrine basins: B2 The Joggins Cliffs of Nova Scotia: Lyell & Co's "Coal Age Galapagos" J.H. Calder, M.R. Gibling, and M.C. Rygel the transtensional Moncton Basin (Mississippian) B3 Geology and volcanology of the Jurassic North Mountain Basalt, southern Nova Scotia Dan Kontak, Jarda Dostal, and John Greenough and extensional Fundy Basin (Triassic-Jurassic), B4 Stratigraphic setting of base-metal deposits in the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Steve McCutcheon, Jim Walker, Pierre Bernard, David Lentz, Warna Downey, and Sean McClenaghan B5 Geology and environmental geochemistry of lode gold deposits in Nova Scotia Paul Smith, Michael Parsons, and Terry Goodwin David Keighley and David E. Brown B6 The macrotidal environment of the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia: sedimentology, morphology, and human impact Ian Spooner, Andrew MacRae, and Danika van Proosdij B7 Transpression and transtension along a continental transform fault: Minas Fault Zone, Nova Scotia John W.F. Waldron, Joseph Clancy White, Elizabeth MacInnes, and Carlos G. Roselli B8 New Brunswick Appalachian transect: Bedrock and Quaternary geology of the Mount Carleton – Restigouche River area Reginald A. Wilson, Michael A. Parkhill, and Jeffrey I. Carroll B9 Gold metallogeny in the Newfoundland Appalachians Andrew Kerr, Richard J. Wardle, Sean J. O'Brien, David W. Evans, and Gerald C. Squires 1 Geological Association of Canada Mineralogical Association of Canada Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Canadian Society of Soil Sciences Joint Meeting - Halifax, May 2005 Field Trip A5 Facies heterogeneity in lacustrine basins: the transtensional Moncton Basin (Mississippian) and extensional Fundy Basin (Triassic-Jurassic), New Brunswick and Nova Scotia David Keighley1 and David E. Brown2 1Department of Geology, University of New Brunswick Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3 2Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, 1791 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3J 3K9 © Atlantic Geoscience Society Department of Earth Sciences Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3J5 ISBN 0-9737981-3-0 AGS Special Publication Number 24 2 NOTES 3 FACIES HETEROGENEITY IN LACUSTRINE BASINS: THE TRANSTENSIONAL MONCTON BASIN (MISSISSIPPIAN) AND EXTENSIONAL FUNDY BASIN (TRIASSIC-JURASSIC), NEW BRUNSWICK AND NOVA SCOTIA Table of Contents Page SAFETY 7 INTRODUCTION 9 1. Lacustrine facies & sequence stratigraphy 9 1.1. Preamble/definitions 9 1.2. Present day lakes: a general introduction 11 1.3. Characteristic environmental settings in modern lacustrine basins 13 1.4. Sediment composition in modern lakes 14 1.5. Lithofacies associations in ancient lake basins 14 1.6. Sequence stratigraphy in lake basins 15 1.7. Low-resolution sequence-stratigraphic models 20 2. Structure, lithostratigraphy, and petroleum of the Moncton Basin (and adjacent 25 basins) 2.1. Structure 25 2.2. Lithostratigraphy 27 2.3. Horton Group "lacustrine" lithofacies 32 2.4. Petroleum 33 3. Structure evolution and lithostratigraphy of the Fundy Rift System 35 3.1. Introduction 35 3.2. Regional setting 36 3.3. Age of the Fundy Rift System 37 3.4. Evolution of the Fundy Rift System 40 3.4.1. Late Devonian - Late Carboniferous 40 3.4.2. Late Carboniferous - Middle Triassic 41 3.4.3. Middle Triassic - Early Jurassic 41 3.4.4. Early Jurassic - Recent 41 3.5. Formations and facies development 42 3.6. The Minas Sub-basin 44 ITINERARY 47 Guide - Day 1 47 Stop 1-1 Modern analogues and sequence stratigraphic concepts 49 Stop 1-2 Introduction to the lithostratigraphy of the Moncton Basin. Geotourism. 50 Stop 1-3 Oil shale, stages of deformation, solid hydrocarbons, fish fossils 51 Stop 1-4 Core viewing 53 Guide - Day 2 59 Stop 2-1 Lithostratigraphy of the Sussex area. Outcrop:subsurface (McCully gas field) 61 correlation, "Bloomfield Formation" Stop 2-2 Sedimentology of the Albert Fm.: fluvial-floodplain lithofacies 63 Stop 2-3 Sedimentology of the Albert Fm.: forested floodplain-marginal sandflat facies I 63 Stop 2-4 Sedimentology of the Albert Fm.: forested floodplain-marginal sandflat facies II 64 Stop 2-5 Sedimentology of the Albert Fm.: marginal mudflat - quiet water facies, tectonic 66 folding Stop 2-6 Sedimentology of the Albert Fm.: marginal - offshore facies, soft-sediment 66 deformation Stop 2-7 Sedimentology of the Albert Fm.: shoreface facies, soft-sediment deformation 70 Stop 2-8 Sedimentology of the Albert Fm.: toward a sequence stratigraphic model 72 4 Guide - Day 3 75 Stop 3-0 77 Stop 3-1 80 Wolfville Formation 81 Blomidon Formation 84 North Mountain Formation 89 McCoy Brook Formation 90 Acknowledgements, References 93 List of Figures Page Figure 1: General features and terminology of lakes. 11 Figure 2: Depositional settings and lithofacies of lake basins. 11 Figure 3: Some theoretical examples of base level behaviour in lacustrine basins 14 as a result of selected isolated factors. Figure 4: The basic sequence stratigraphic model. 16 Figure 5: Low resolution tectonic sequences. 19 Figure 6: Climate influence on lake-level curves and sequence architecture. 21 Figure 7: Interplay of tectonic and climate controls influencing base level. 22 Figure 8: Major structural elements of the Maritimes Basin. 24 Figure 9: Major structural elements and lithostratigraphic units of the Moncton 26 Basin. Figure 10: Stratigraphy of the Moncton Basin. 28 Figure 11: Distribution of Newark Supergroup basins, eastern North America 35 Figure 12: Distribution of Triassic-Jurassic rocks of the Fundy Group, Bay of 37 Fundy area. Figure 13: General stratigraphic relationships and ages between selected outcrop 38 sections and offshore wells, Fundy Rift System. Figure 14: Evolution of the Fundy Basin 40 Figure 15: Idealized Atlantic early synrift basin showing unconformity-bounded 43 tectonostratigraphic packages Figure 16: Tectonostratigraphy and age of the Fundy Basin 43 Figure 17: Stratigraphic relationships of Fundy Group sediments in the Minas Sub- 44 basin Figure 18: Location of stops, day 1. 48 Figure 19: Two views of the flower pots at Hopewell Cape 50 Figure 20: Maps and sections of Albert Mines 52 Figure 21: Part of the cored section of the Shell Albert Mines #4 well 54-55 Figure 22: Part of the cored section from the Colombia Monteagle L18 well 56 Figure 23: Core photographs. 57 5 Figure 24: Location of stops, day 2 60 Figure 25: Geologic structure in the Sussex area. 62 Figure 26: Outcrop photos from stop 2-3. 64 Figure 27: Outcrop photos from Stop 2-4. 64 Figure 28: Detail of the Norton Fossil Forest at the 175km outcrop. 65 Figure 29: Rough sedimentary log of the section adjacent to the Highway 1, 177km 67 marker Figure 30: Rough sedimentological log for the roadside outcrop between the 183 68-69 and 182 km markers Figure 31: Soft-sediment deformation features at the 183-182km section 71 Figure 32: Rough sedimentological log for the roadside outcrop between the 185 72 and 186 km markers. Figure 33: Soft-sediment folding at the 185 km outcrop. 73 Figure 34: Suggested model for Albert Formation lakes in southern New Brunswick 74 Figure 35: Location of stops, day 3. 76 Figure 36: Simplified geological map of the Partridge Island - East Bay area 77 Figure 37: Geological map of the Five Islands Provincial Park area, Stop 3-1. 80 Figure 38: Photos of Wolfville Formation outcrops 81 Figure 39: Palaeogeographic map of showing depositional facies during the Late 82 Triassic (Wolfville) time. Figure 40: Wolfville Formation facies models. 83 Figure 41: Total measured outcrop section of the basal Blomidon Formation 84 Figure 42: Outcrop photos of the Blomidon Formation. 85 Figure 43: Generalized sand flat sandstone and playa-lacustrine mudstone cycle in 87 the Blomidon Formation Figure 44: Model of a typical Van Houten Cycle 87 Figure 45: Sedimentological logs of the Blomidon Formation. 87 Figure 46: Blomidon Formation sedimentology photos. 88 Figure 47: West-east cross section through Old Wife point 89 Figure 48: View to the northwest of the deformed North Mountain basalt at Old 89 Wife Point. Figure 49: Photographs of outcrop of the McCoy Brook Formation 91 List of Tables Page Table 1: Representative attributes of three major lithofacies associations attributed 13 to lacustrine deposits (after Bohacs et al., 2000) Table 2: Table of formations and associated lithologies of the Fundy Group, Fundy 39 Rift System 6 NOTES 7 SAFETY For personal and group safety reasons, field trip participants are advised to read and heed the following safety related procedures. The field trip leaders will endeavour to make the trip as safe as possible but can do so only with the co-operation of the participants. 1. Picks and Hammers Please do not indiscriminately hammer and do not swing the hammer or pick wildly.
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