B i o d i v e r s i t y A s s e s s m e n t H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H B O R O U G H F i n a l R e p o r t

March 2009 Cover Photographs :

Arable fields; hedgerows and woodland at Higham on the Hill River Sence, near Witherley Arable fields at Nailstone Hedgerows at Witherley

Acknowledgments :

Darwin Sumner, Leicestershire Environmental Records Centre Dr. Pam Mynott, Leicestershire Badger Group Mr. A Heaton, Leicestershire Amphibian and Reptile Group Leicestershire & Rutland Ornithological Society Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council Mr. Keith Stevenson

Images :

Unless otherwise credited habitat photographs were taken by FPCR for the purposes of this project Unless otherwise credited, images and photographs of fauna are sourced from publically available resources on the internet

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 6.0 DESIGNATED SITES Introduction and Context for Study Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) Requirement for Study within the Sites of Interest for Nature Conservation European and UK Planning Context (SINC) National, Regional and Local Nature Local Nature Reserves Conservation Legislation and Policy Country Parks Aims of the Biodiversity Assessment

Bidiversity in the East Midlands 7.0 OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE AND ENHANCE BIODIVERSITY 2.0 METHODOLOGY Woodland and Trees Inception Grassland Desktop Study Wetlands Field Study Hedgerows Analysis of Results Other Habitats Constraints Species

3.0 BOROUGH OVERVIEW 8.0 KEY HABITATS AND GREEN CORRIDORS Location and Context River and Canal Corridors Natural Areas Hedgerows Range of Habitats and Fauna North-east of the Borough Quarry and Gravel Pit Restoration 4.0 HABITATS National Forest 4.1 Woodland Urban Areas/villages 4.2 Individual Trees Farmland 4.3 Grassland

4.4 Standing Water 9.0 CONCLUSION 4.5 Running Water 4.6 Hedgerows 4.7 Other habitat areas

5.0 FAUNA 5.1 Great crested newts 5.2 Bats 5.3 Reptiles 5.4 Badgers 5.5 Water-vole 5.6 Brown Hare 5.7 Birds

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT CONTENTS

FIGURES 1 Natural Areas 2 Woodland and Hydrology 3 Protected Species 4 Protected Bird Species 5 Location of Designated Sites

APPENDICES 1 Details of Fauna Within Borough 2 Field Survey Forms 3 SSSI Citations and Condition 4 Wildlife Area Information 5 Glossary 6 References

SUPPLEMENT Sites Allocated for Development 1 . 0I N T R O D U C T I O N

HINCKLEY ANDBOSWORTH BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT FOR STUDY states to ensure that there is an assessment of the environmental effects of plans, policies and programmes 1.1 Biodiversity is described as the variety of life in all its forms and at a strategic level within the setting and determining of the habitats where it occurs. Biodiversity assets will include such proposals at the earliest stage. This is set out within not only those habitats which are of inherent value in Directive 2001/42/EC on the assessment of the effects of themselves, but also those which support fauna which are certain plans and programmes on the environment, protected either by European or UK statute or which are transposed into UK law by the Environmental Assessment nationally and locally important. It is considered to be a key of Plans and Programmes Regulations SI 2004 No. 1633 factor in helping us achieve sustainable development, Environmental Protection. The directive aims “to provide contributing to the three underpinning themes of this concept: for a high level of protection of the environment and to environmental, economic and social development. contribute to the integration of environmental 1.2 This document represents the final report of the work considerations into the preparation and adoption of plans commissioned by Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council and programmes with a view to producing development”. (HBBC) in 2007 - 2008 to provide a baseline assessment of Further guidance on adopting an integrated approach to the biodiversity and nature conservation interest (including planning, both throughout the national, regional and local regional biodiversity targets) of the Borough of Hinckley and level and across the different sectoral issues at each level Bosworth. Maps illustrating the key habitat areas, nature is laid out within Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 12 conservation designations and locations of protected and Development Plans and Regional Planning Guidance and notable species are supplied within this document. its associated government circular. 1.3 The background for the study is described below (Sections 1.4 1.6 HBBC are preparing their LDF which will inform their future onwards) including the legislative and policy context principles and policies for development and land-use surrounding the requirements for this work. This is followed by within the Borough until 2026. This process must be a description of the survey approach (Section 2) along with an undertaken in accordance with, and under, the umbrella outline of how this document is structured. The biodiversity policies set out at a national and regional level, to ensure baseline is then described under Sections 3 onwards. A cohesiveness and integration of the various policy aims summary and conclusions for the work is given in Section 9. and objectives. 1.7 This Biodiversity Assessment has therefore been Requirement for Study within the European and UK commissioned by HBBC as an integral part of their LDF Planning Context process. The next section of this study sets out the 1.4 All local planning authorities (LPA) must provide a plan for national, regional and local legislative and policy context their representative area, outlining their requirements with with regards to nature conservation and biodiversity. respect to potential new or re-development. These proposals, known as the Local Development Framework (LDF), must be National, regional and local nature conservation drawn up in accordance with current Government guidance legislation and policy and legislation and with reference to national and regional 1.8 Selected habitats and species are afforded varying levels policies, for a range of sectoral issues, including nature of protection from harm or disturbance through the law, conservation and biodiversity. due to their rarity within Europe or within the UK. Some are 1.5 At the highest level the European Union requires member protected at a European level and also under UK law;

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 1 INTRODUCTION 1

Melton

Charnwood North West Leicestershire

Leicester City Hinckley & Bosworth

2

M4 Oadby & Wigston Blaby

Harborough

9 6

M M1

M6

Figure 1.1 Location Map showing Hinckley & Bosworth Borough within the county of Leicestershire.

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 2 INTRODUCTION 1

others are protected solely under UK legislation. Further improve their status, with plans at a national and local species and habitats are afforded a degree of protection, level. The UK BAP has been recently revised in 2007 to although not direct statutory protection, through their include a much greater number of individual species, inclusion within national and local policies, whereby their although a small number have been removed from the lists presence should be considered by the LPA within a planning as their status is considered to have improved as a result of application. Those species and habitats within the Borough focused activity. Specific species and habitats within each are described within the baseline and their specific level of smaller region are then also addressed by the local BAPs, protection highlighted. which may include the same, or different priorities, depending on the local concerns. Hinckley and Bosworth European legislation falls within the BAP covering Leicestershire, the targets of 1.9 Nature conservation issues are predominantly, although not which are this currently under review (www.lrwt.org.uk). exclusively, addressed in Europe through the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (or the Nature conservation policies Habitats Directive) 1992 and the Wild Birds Directive 1979. 1.13 National policy for England and Scotland with regards to Species and habitats of value and importance in an nature conservation is outlined within PPS 9: Biodiversity international context are identified within these. and Geological Conservation and its associated government circular: Biodiversity and Geological UK Legislation Conservation: Statutory Obligations and their impact 1.10 Key legislation of relevance to nature conservation and within the planning system, ODPM 06/2005. Under this biodiversity within a national (England and Wales) context policy, LPAs must have due regard to biodiversity within include: their planning process, to ensure that such assets

 The Habitat Regulations 1994 (as amended) (including habitats and species) are not only not lost or (transposing the Habitats Directive) adversely affected by inappropriate development (unless

 The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) there is a clear over-riding imperative to the contrary), but  The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 that they are also actively enhanced as a result of  The Protection of Badgers Act 1992 development. Where losses are made, adequate 1.11Species and habitats of value and importance in the national compensation must be put in place. context are identified within the above legislation, including 1.14 The adopted Regional Spatial Strategy for the East both those which are afforded individual protection by law, in Midlands (RSS8) filters this broad guidance with specific addition to those which are considered to be of nature strategic level policy objectives concerning nature conservation value and which are in decline / danger, conservation. Relevant policies include policies 29 and 30, although which may not have the full protection of statute, but aimed at ensuring regional assets are protected, managed are included on List 74 appended to the CROW Act, 2000. and enhanced and that a “step-change” is achieved which increases biodiversity in the long term. The creation of new Biodiversity Action Plans (BAPs) woodland is also seen as a priority within this. In addition, 1.12 BAPs set out those habitats and species which are of the East Midlands has produced three other strategic level particular concern, through decline in quality / extent or policies of direct relevance to nature conservation and numbers and which should be prioritised for action to biodiversity, although other sectoral policies may touch on

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 3 INTRODUCTION 1

such issues. and value that HBBC place on the environment and local 1.15 Biodiversity considerations form part of the first of the biodiversity, with the Hinckley and Bosworth Community Regional Environment Strategy, August 2002 (RES) overall Plan 2007-2012, which encourages its residents to aims: EN1 To protect, improve and manage the diversity of become involved with environmental issues. the natural….assets of the region”. The strategy states that 1.18 In order for HBBC to contribute effectively to the aims of the the region should be a region rich in biodiversity, where above local and regional strategies, it is necessary to species loss is prevented, with new habitats created. Policy understand exactly the nature of the biodiversity assets ENV21 states the region's objectives clearly under the currently supported within the Borough and which could be overarching policy aim “to conserve and dramatically supported in the future. This document provides a basis for enhance biodiversity according to regional BAP priorities”. this, identifying where the Borough's biodiversity assets lie The policies within the RES link back to the earlier and highlighting areas of particular interest. It will help submission: Sustainability and Biodiversity: Priorities for inform the selection of both preferred development site Action in the East Midlands Region, The East Midlands allocations and also those policies which will support Regional Biodiversity Forum, 1999, which sets out 11 restoration and creation of habitats. In addition the actions points to be undertaken within the region to baseline map and supporting text can also be used to maintain and restore its biodiversity assets. These actions directly inform the decision-making process during are also further developed within the East Midlands determination of a planning application, in order that areas Biodiversity Strategy: Putting Wildlife Back on the Map, and features of nature conservation are flagged up at the October 2004. More recently, another related strategic earliest opportunity. This document provides a more level policy, brings together a range of environmental complete assessment of the Borough's resources, factors, including biodiversity to formulate a Green enabling the most appropriate steps to be taken which will Infrastructure Strategy for the region, which will help create ensure Hinckley and Bosworth contributes effectively to a network of green spaces throughout the East Midlands, in the local as well as the wider county and regional context, association with the natural and built environment. identifying where habitat creation and enhancement will 1.16 The East Midlands Spatial Strategy lays out the policies add biodiversity value. Key green corridors and linkages, with respect to when development will, or will not, be taking into account UK and local Biodiversity Action Plan acceptable in relation to ecological and nature (BAP) habitats and species are highlighted, which will conservation interests, ensuring that these assets are support the recommendations of the HBBC Green protected, enhanced, or as a last resort, replaced. The Infrastructure Strategy. emerging LDF prepared by HBBC will mean that these principles are placed within the local planning context, to ensure that the Borough has a sound basis on which to determine priorities for future development and ensure that it is undertaken in an appropriate manner which ensures

that although the needs of the Borough are fully met, the Aims of the Biodversity Assessment character and natural assets of the Borough are respected. 1.19 The overall aim of this assessment is to provide HBBC with 1.17 Other existing local policies also highlight the importance an up to date study of the Borough's natural assets through

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 4 INTRODUCTION 1

the following: lists of species and their legislation; habitat information

 The classification of the broad habitats which make up specific to potential site allocations and a summary of SSSI the Borough; their extent and distribution across designations. Figures present an overview of the key Hinckley and Bosworth; habitats, with the locations of fauna and of designated

 The identification of protected or notable fauna within sites. GIS layers of the Phase 1 Habitat map; location of the Borough and the potential for such species to be protected species and designated sites have been present; produced which can be used by HBBC in conjunction with

 The extent of statutory and non-statutory sites other Borough-wide GIS data as necessary. designated for their nature conservation interest;

 An evaluation, where possible, of the habitats identified Biodiversity in the region to ascertain their current quality; 1.22 The RES (2002) states that although certain areas of the

 Identification of key habitat areas, existing and potential region have extremely good biodiversity, the East Midlands wildlife corridors and stepping stone habitats across also has some of the poorest areas for biodiversity in the the Borough and beyond; UK. This is largely because much of the region provides

 Strategies for the protection, management and excellent farming conditions, and as a result there was early enhancement of habitats to improve the local intensification of agriculture and land improvements have biodiversity of the Borough; occurred, to make good use of this resource. This has

 An assessment of the extent to which the Borough is consequently led to a decrease in biodiversity over time. meeting and can meet regional targets and Whilst the national average coverage of land by Sites of commitments with respect to nature conservation. Special Scientific Interest (SSSI’s) is 7%, in the East 1.20 The individual aims outlined above have been developed Midlands, it is only 4%. Woodland cover in the region is also during the project period, with the initial baseline less than 4%. assessment produced in 2007 and built on during 2008 to 1.23 As a result of this the Leicestershire, Leicester and Rutland provide a comprehensive assessment of nature BAP highlight a total of 19 habitats and 16 species for which conservation resources and biodiversity within Hinckley individual plans have been prepared as requiring targeted and Bosworth. action. Not all of these will be present within Hinckley and 1.21 The report presents the results of the study as follows: Bosworth, due to physical factors such as climate, Chapter 2 describes the approach to assessment and topography and geology. Whilst most are represented at Chapter 3 presents an overview of the Borough, its habitats some level or extent (with the probable exception of and species and general nature conservation interests. calcareous grassland), their location is restricted (for Each habitat is then described in more detail within example, more heath grassland is found in small areas in Chapter 4, preceded firstly by a summary table of the key the North-West of the Borough within the Charnwood characteristics of that habitat followed by a more general Forest Natural Area, where physical factors form a distinct description. National and local BAP habitats are identified. landscape to the rest of the generally low-lying parts of the Chapter 5 follows a similar format, highlighting the fauna Borough (see Section 2). Similarly, not all species are likely which the Borough supports and stating their level of to be present, due to the paucity of their particular habitat protection. Appendices provide a glossary of terminology; requirements within the Borough.

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 5 INTRODUCTION 1

Local BAP Habitats

Calcareous grassland Broadleaved woodland

Eutrophic standing water Fast-flowing streams

Field margins Floodplain wetland

Heath grassland Hedgerows

Mature trees Mesotrophic lakes

Neutral grassland Reed-beds

Road-side verges Rocks and build structures

Sessile oakwood Sphagnum ponds

Springs and flushes Wet woodland

Lowland wood-pasture and parkland

Local BAP Species

Dingy skipper and grizzled skipper

Otter Dormouse

Water-vole Bats

Barn owl Redstart

Nightingale Sand martin

Black hairstreak White-clawed crayfish

Black Poplar Violet Helleborine

Wood vetch Purple small-reed

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 6 2 . 0 M E T H O D O L O G Y

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 2

2.0 METHODOLGY the Environmental Resources Centre. 2.1 The assessment has been undertaken using a mix of desk- 2.5 Web-based information sources were also searched for based research and field study to create a Phase 1 Habitat relevant information including: GIS Map with associated descriptions of habitats and  The Multi-Agency Government for the Countryside species, in accordance with the methodologies described website (www.magic.co.uk) below.  Natural England Designated Areas pages: 2.2 The Phase 1 Habitat survey methodology is a standard www.naturalengland.org.uk/conservation/designated methodology widely used for a range of purposes. First areas/ published by the Nature Conservancy Council (now the Joint 2.6 Other available published literature and mapping relevant Nature Conservation Committee) in 1990, it is recommended to the Borough was collated, reviewed and analysed by Natural England as the preferred initial mapping method. including national, regional and local policies and plans; Vegetation is mapped according to pre-defined habitat the UK BAP and the local BAP (Biodiversity Challenge: An classifications and colour coded accordingly. In practice, this Action Plan for Leicestershire, Leicester and Rutland , is usually undertaken from public rights of way, with the aid of 2002); and OS maps. binoculars. This can then be backed up by aerial survey. Data 2.7 Aerial maps supplied by HBBC were analysed to collected provides information suitable to create a habitat determine broad habitat types; locations and boundaries. map which, when colour coded, gives a visual interpretation These were interpreted and incorporated into the mapping of the extent and distribution of the component habitats. system to create the habitat layers for the Phase 1 Map. Information is then described in more detail and interpreted Key areas of interest / uncertainty were highlighted within supporting documents. through this process for additional future field assessment

as necessary. Inception 2.8 The occurrence of protected or notable species were 2.3 Relevant background data was received from HBBC and plotted on resultant maps. reviewed. A provisional methodology and broad strategy for

completing the project was drawn up following a preliminary Field Study site reconnaissance exercise. This was discussed and 2.9 Given the large area to be covered and the relatively short agreed with HBBC prior to commencement. time-scales involved for this assessment, field study

involved the collation of data from a visual inspection of the Desk Study site via selected view-points, noting results on Field 2.4 Information for existing biological data over the last five years, Assessment Sheets. In order to gain an overall view of the including protected / notable species and nature conservation Borough, view-points were selected through OS map designations was sought from a number of relevant bodies. interpretation the consideration of practical constraints in  Leicestershire Environmental Resources Centre the field (through for example, adjusting pre-selected  Leicestershire Badger Group locations to avoid restricted views, such as, tall  Leicestershire Herpetofauna and Reptile Group hedgerows) which would provide as much visual coverage  Leicestershire Bat Group of the Borough as possible. Field Assessment Sheets Records were gratefully received from the first three of these were devised based on the classifications set out in the groups, with Leicestershire Bat Group supplying its records to Phase 1 Habitat Manual (JNCC, 1990) to establish the

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 7 METHODOLOGY 2

habitats present within each small area. Note was also 2.13 Results have been further interpreted to identify key

made of any direct signs of protected or notable species, or habitat areas, which could provide wildlife corridors or

the potential for the area to support such species. stepping stone habitats and also identify those areas which

2.10 At each location, the area was outlined on an OS base map should be protected from potential effects of adjacent

at 1:25,000 scale and a reference number applied. A development by suitable buffering. Work will be

corresponding Field Assessment Sheet was completed, undertaken to highlight where existing habitats could be

noting down habitats observed, typical and noteworthy or expanded to complement and add value to the above

unusual species present within each habitat and the areas and link habitats of value.

frequency of occurrence within the area. Note was also 2.14 Appropriate management strategies have been

made of any habitats or features of particular interest. recommended where applicable for key habitats to be

Survey was predominantly undertaken with the aid of enhanced in the medium - long term, with the aim of

binoculars and from public rights of way. Photographs were improving local biodiversity and contributing to wider

taken at each site and referenced on the data sheets. biodiversity initiatives in the county and region.

Surveys were undertaken on the following dates in 2007:

18th July 25th July 3rd August Constraints

23 rd August 29th August 30th August 2.15 Due to the size of the Borough and because much of it is

5th September 6th September 10th September under third party ownership, field survey was by necessity

11th September 12th September 13th September restricted to public pathways and roads and could not be

19th September 20th September 25th September viewed at close quarters or in any detail. Whilst a

26th September 3rd October 4th October determination of the broad habitats present according to

19th October 11th October 17th October Phase 1 methodologies has been possible, more detailed

18th October 23rd October 24th October survey work to fully establish the nature conservation

29th October 30th October value of the habitats would still be required. In addition inaccessible areas may indicate a greater extent of

Analysis of results interesting habitats, such as species rich grassland

2.11 Data sheets were collated onto a spread sheet to interpret compartments. Examples of species recorded do not

the information recorded. Habitat types were then represent a full or detailed list of species, but indicate the

determined through a combination of the results of field and most commonly recorded and typical species. Any notable

desk study, accepted knowledge concerning species species observed during surveys were also noted.

composition and habitat types and professional judgement 2.16 This report uses only existing data for protected and

and expertise. notable species from a selected number of sources.

2.12 Habitat types present within the Borough were determined, Records were predominantly supplied by Leicestershire

with each described and key characteristics identified. The Environmental Records Centre, supplemented with data

known presence of protected / notable species was matched from the County Herpetological Recorder and

against the determined habitats to highlight particular Leicestershire Badger Group. Other sources of data have

habitats of importance to such wildlife and determine other also been used where easily obtainable, including records

areas which might also therefore be of value to these known to FPCR through other survey work and which are

species. now in the public domain. Only records from the last five

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H 8 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 2

years were used to ensure the most up to date information 2.20 The desk based exercise was followed by an element of

was used and to maintain the data source to a manageable field work to back up the desk based findings.

size. It is possible that other records exist which have not 2.21 Where likely trees were found, a record was made onto the

been included in this report and the mapped information ARC View GIS layer of the existence of the specimen,

supplied should not be viewed as the only location which although at this stage no specific assessment for Veteran

support the listed species, or that it is only these species Tree status was undertaken.

which are present. 2.22 Having established the positions and general locations of

2.17 It is important to note also that this report should not be potential Veteran trees it is recommended that more

viewed as static - our environment is constantly changing, detailed field work would be needed to confirm the status of

both as a result of natural ecological process and man's individual specimens by carrying out Veteran Tree

interventions. This report should be used to inform the Assessments in accordance with a standard approved

need for further investigation for up to date current survey methodology.

and as an early indication where development may affect 2.23 FPCR have devised a version of a Veteran Tree

habitats and species, directly or indirectly. Assessment based on the Veteran Tree Initiative Standard

Methodology and have produced a simplified version for

Veteran Tree Survey the purpose of data collection. An example of the

2.18 Firstly, a desk base exercise was undertaken to broadly assessment criteria is set out below. Appendix 2 includes a

establish key areas within the Borough that would most simple tabulated recording sheet used for data collection

likely have Veteran trees present. An initial desk based within the field. This is based on features and

assessment was carried out using a combination of characteristics exhibited by the individual specimen.

Ordinance Survey maps, aerial photography and existing 2.24 To demonstrate the data collection method below, there

ecological survey data to identify the key areas and as a have been several noted veteran trees already added to

means to begin plotting the base line data. the data set, following field work. The specimens were

2.19 Particular areas and environments where Veteran trees discovered within woodland, on a golf course and at the

would more typically be associated with were considered side of a main road.

to be traditional estates and parkland, large houses, 2.25 For the purpose of the survey the definition for a Veteran

parklands, wood pasture, old hedgerows, copses and Tree follows that used by Smith & Bunce (2004) and

woodlands. Additionally any ancient woodlands and newly modified according to English Nature's Development of a

planted woods and forests were included. It would be Veteran Tree Site Assessment Protocol (Castle & Mileto

within these particular situations that specimen trees are 2005). Table 1, below, shows the estimated girth size

more likely to have been retained as specimens over the categories that have been used to determine a Veteran

years and avoided any detrimental forms of management Tree by species.

work, therefore adding greatly to their survival to qualify as

a veteran tree. Some specimens however may have

received specific past management in the form of

coppicing or pollarding that would have increased their

survival chances.

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H 9 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 2

Table 1. Estimated girth size categories for Veteran Trees (from show either three or more of these characteristics or Rural Development Service 2006 Environmental Stewardship- significant signs of one or more of the characteristics Farm Environment Plan Guidance 2009). above and mature trees would be defined as being in their last 1/3 of life. Tree Girth Diameter at Breast Height Species (minimum) (diameter at breast height) 2.29 A maiden tree is the term given to a single multi (minimum) stemmed tree that has not undergone past 190 cm 60 cm Birch species, Hawthorn 240 cm 75 cm Field maple, Rowan, Grey management such as coppicing or pollarding. and Goat willow, Hornbeam, Collapsed trees, naturally layering tress and individual Cherry, Alder 310 cm 100 cm Oak species, Ash, Scots specimens displaying phoenix regeneration will also be pine, Yew, Elm species recorded as veterans, where the main stem or a 470 cm 150 cm Lime species, Sycamore, Horse chestnut, Poplar sizeable stump is still present. species, other Pine species, Beech, Sweet chestnut, White and Crack willows

2.26 The following are considered characteristic features of veteran trees (Read 2000, Veteran Trees a guide to good management);

 Girth large for the tree species concerned;

 Major trunk cavities or progressive hollowing;

 Large quantities of dead wood in the canopy;

 Naturally forming water pools;

 Decay holes;

 Physical damage to trunks;

 Bark loss/loose bark;

 Sap runs;

 Crevices in the bark, under branches or in the root plate sheltered from direct rainfall;

 Fungal fruiting bodies (e.g. From heart rotting species);

 High number of independent wildlife species;

 Epiphytic plants;

 An ‘old’ look;

 High aesthetic interest. 2.27 In addition a Veteran Tree may also:

 Have a pollard form or show indications of past management;

 Have a cultural/historic value;

 Be in a prominent position in the landscape; 2.28 Mature trees are recorded as veterans where they

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H 10 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 3 . 0 B O R O U G H O V E R V I E W

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT B O R O U G H O V E R V I E W 3

3.0 BOROUGH OVERVIEW smallest area of the Borough. Figure 1 illustrates the 3.1 This section provides a summary description of the Borough location of the Borough within these Natural Areas. and the habitats which are or could be present in the 3.5 The predominant land-use of the three component areas Borough outlining the habitats and features of nature is one of agriculture due to the underlying fertile soils and conservation interest together with protected and notable the Borough is typified by fields under cultivation or fauna these areas support. grazing often managed in an intensive fashion. However, within these Natural Areas, and as seen also within the Location and context landscape of the Borough, small areas of semi-natural 3.2 Hinckley & Bosworth Borough is located at the south habitats do remain. western edge of the county of Leicestershire and covers an 3.6 Whilst farming is the primary land-use of the Trent Valley area of nearly 300Km2 . Urban areas are scattered across Rises, other habitats scattered across it include meadow the Borough, which is predominantly rural in nature. and pasture grasslands, dominated by neutral Hinckley forms the largest town, located in the south east of mesotrophic grassland, with occasional areas of acidic the Borough, with the settlements of Burbage, Earl Shilton and calcareous grassland and wet grasslands alongside and Barwell close by. the area's major rivers of the Trent and Soar. Woods are relatively scarce in the Natural Area, although small Natural Areas stands of semi-natural ancient woodland, wet woodland 3.3 English Nature (now Natural England) divide the country and former parkland remain and this is reflected in the into a series of Natural Areas. The distribution of wildlife and habitats of the Borough. Wetland habitats within the Area natural features, together with the land-use and human comprise restored gravel pits, reservoirs and canals, history within England, have enabled distinct areas to be which can all support a diversity of habitats within them. identified which are similar in nature. These Natural Areas One of the key tributaries of the Trent, the River Sence, are not therefore defined by administrative boundaries, flows through Hinckley and Bosworth in its western part, rather on ecological terms. As a result the Natural Area with another notable habitat of this Natural Area being the classification enables an integrated approach to be taken in Ashby Canal, which bisects the Borough north-south, to the development of both local and national BAP priorities the west of Market Bosworth. Both of these create and objectives. valuable wildlife corridors through the area, linking with 3.4 Hinckley and Bosworth includes part of three Natural Areas, other semi-natural habitats beyond its boundaries. The as a result of its varied underlying geology. The majority of Coal Measures Natural Area tends to be similar to the the Borough falls within the Trent and Valley Rises (Natural Trent Valley Rises, characterised by large arable fields Area 33), which covers over two thirds of the Borough with small areas of ancient woodland and valley extending from south of Groby and Ratby in the east and wetlands. In contrast, while both the above areas are Desford and Newbold Verdon near the central part of the generally low lying, the Charnwood Forest Natural Area Borough and then east from Cadeby also near the centre of includes upland areas, seen in the eastern part of the the site to Nailstone, close to the northern boundary. The Borough around Groby and Markfield. Such areas may Natural Area of the Coal Measures (Area 24) abuts the Trent include heaths and acid grassland areas, although the and Valley Rises to its west and north. Located in the north predominant land-use remains agricultural. Former east of the Borough Charnwood Forest (Area 39) covers the quarries exist across this Natural Area, with Groby Pool

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forming an important wildlife resource and SSSI within one New establishing mixed and broadleaved plantations are such former quarry area. Charnwood Forest Natural Area more widely present within the Borough, where they have supports proportionally more woodland than elsewhere in been planted as part of the National Forest Strategy. Leicestershire (18% of the land cover, compared to only Individual mature trees exist mainly within hedgerows, 4% across Leicestershire as a whole) and this is seen with some former parkland trees more likely to be found in within the Borough, where woodlands are more frequent the north of the site. and generally larger within the Charnwood Forest area 3.9 Grassland sites are generally scattered and dispersed. than they are elsewhere. More acidic grassland is only associated with the higher 3.7 As the Borough of Hinckley and Bosworth, is dominated by land of the Charnwood Forest area, where small pockets intensively farmed land much of the habitat area is remain. The vast majority of other grassland areas consequently of relatively limited value to wildlife. Semi- comprise occasional neutral mesotrophic compartments, natural habitats are scattered throughout, with small which have not been given over to farming use. woodland blocks, including some semi-natural ancient 3.10 Standing water is a mix of a small number of larger lakes woodland, field ponds and occasional neutral grassland and reservoirs, predominantly towards the central and compartments, all of which provide localised biodiversity also north eastern areas of the Borough, with small field value. As there are large areas with limited interest, these ponds dotted across the landscape. Many of these field scattered blocks work as an integral part of the Borough's ponds are isolated within arable / improved tracts of land, ecological systems, acting as stepping stone habitats for often without associated surrounding habitats to link with. fauna living within and moving across the landscape. Such Other standing water includes the Ashby Canal which habitats are further complemented by the existence of provides a vital corridor through the Borough with its use many linear features which provide corridors along which by a range of wildlife and with associated habitats along fauna can disperse and which in some cases directly link its length. with the habitat blocks. These linear features include a 3.11 Many important habitats within the Borough have been good network of hedgerows and ditches around the field recognised through their designation as nature systems; streams and small rivers and the Ashby Canal. conservation sites. This varies from a large number of Road verges provide further such corridors. Whilst the small and fragmented, locally designated sites, often quality of these features is variable, they nevertheless have representing single hedgerows, road verges and an important role to play in maintaining biodiversity within grassland compartments to the statutory designation of the Borough and linking it to the surrounding Boroughs. Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) of regional 3.8 The majority of the Borough's established woodlands are and/or national importance. These occur mainly in the located within the north-eastern part of the site, broadly north east of the Borough where larger more diverse sites associated with the Charnwood Forest Natural Area. are designated, in relative close proximity to each other, These woodlands include a number of semi-natural and re- with a small number of small designations elsewhere in planted ancient woodland areas. Not only are the the Borough. In total 7 SSSIs are located within the woodlands more frequent here, but they are also larger in Borough boundary, with a further 4 sites adjacent. Three size and tend to be associated with other habitats, raising Local Nature Reserves also occur within the Borough, their ecological and nature conservation value. This area with two Country Parks at Market Bosworth Park and also includes the Borough's main wet woodland resources. Bagworth Heath Woods.

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3.12 The Borough supports a range of protected species, with great crested newts; several bat species; badgers; water- vole; reptile species and a number of bird species, including peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus and barn owl Tyto alba. Other locally notable species are also present, including brown hare Lepus europaeus and redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus.

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H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT HABITATS 4

4.0 HABITATS 4.1 This section presents a description of the major and predominant habitat types found within Hinckley & Bosworth. 4.2 Key information for each broad habitat type is summarised below each habitat heading, followed by a more detailed text description. The typical characteristics of each broad habitat type are presented with sections on the specific habitats within this broad category. The distribution of these habitats across the borough are noted, with dominant or notable species identified within Hinckley and Bosworth listed. Where appropriate, key factors affecting the quality or extent of the habitat are noted. 4.3 As previously indicated, agricultural land forms the dominant land use within the borough. Arable land has not been discussed in detail within this report, due to the generally low ecological value observed, through associated field margins, can be valuable from a nature conservation perspective these were seen to be narrow and of limited interest for the most part.

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Key characteristics

! Woodland in general forms only a small proportion of the Boroughs habitats and mainly comprises small scattered blocks

! Most woodland is located in the north of the Borough with the larger tracts of woodland located to the northeast of the Borough, particularly within the Charnwood Forest Natural Area, with small concentrations around Twycross and Norton Juxta Twycross and around Market Bosworth

! Woodland cover is scarce in the south and south western parts, such as around Sibson and north of Hinckley

! Hedgerows and other linear features provide valuable linkages to other habitats, adding to the biodiversity value of the woodlands, providing associated habitat and acting as wildlife corridors across the landscape

! Most woodland comprises oak/ash woodland, with few mixed woodlands or wet woodlands

! Ancient woodland (pre-1600) is rare within the Borough, mainly found within the north-west Charnwood Forest Area, although occasional small fragmented blocks are scattered throughout

! Immature native woodland planting, forming part of the National Forest will in time form a valuable resource

! SSSI woodland designations include Sheet Hedges Wood, Groby Wood and Burbage Wood

! Wet Woodland is a UK and LBAP priority habitat

! Woodland surveys, including woodland ground flora surveys would establish the full extent and value of this resource

Ancient semi-natural woodland scarce, with only widely fragmented and isolated small 4.1.1 Ancient semi-natural woodland is classified as woodland blocks remaining. that dates back 1600. Whilst it has no formal statutory 4.1.2 Typically these woodlands provide a valuable and protection, its specific inclusion within PPS9, highlights its irreplaceable nature conservation resource. Ancient value and places an emphasis on the need for its trees within the wood will have high value to recognition and retention nationally as well as within the invertebrates, lichens and bryophytes providing habitat in Borough. The Ancient Woodland Inventory registers all which they can live, both on living and dead wood. such woodland and many woodlands further classified as Ancient woodland ground flora includes bluebells SSSIs. Within Hinckley & Bosworth this includes Sheet Hyacinthoides non-scirptus, wild daffodils Narcissus Hedges Wood and Groby Wood, both of which are more pseudonarcissus, yellow archangel Galeobdolon luteum, typical of ancient wet woodland, where alder and willows wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, herb paris Paris dominate, as opposed to the more usual pedunculate oak quadrifolia and broad leaved helleborine Epipactis and ash. Many ancient woodlands are also remnants of helleborine, several of which are generally uncommon mediaeval hunting parks. Ancient woodland is more widely due to their specific habitat requirements. Survey of present in the Charnwood Forest Natural Area in the north ground flora was beyond the scope of this assessment. west of the Borough, where medium-large blocks of this Replanted ancient woodlands often include a proportion resource remain, together with replanted ancient of coniferous tree species, planted due to their fast woodland. Woodlands at Burbage also form larger blocks. growing nature. Elsewhere within the Borough this habitat is much more

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Broad-leaved woodland and plantations 4.1.3 Semi-natural broadleaved woodland is relatively rare within the Borough. The most wooded areas are found in the north east of the Borough, either side of the M1, between Desford, Bagworth, Markfield, Groby and Ratby where large tracts of broad-leaved and mixed woodland, including the ancient semi-natural woodland noted above, are located in relatively close proximity to each other. Other smaller concentrations are found in the north west of the Borough where a few medium - large blocks are found around Twycross and Norton Juxta Twycross. Smaller Woodland at Burbage, with clearings, dead wood and shrubs providing niche habitats of value blocks are regularly scattered within the centre of the Wet woodland Borough around Market Bosworth. Southern and south- 4.1.5 Wet woodland is a UK and LBAP priority habitat. The western areas, such as around Sibson and also north of LBAP defines wet woodland as stands of ancient semi- Hinckley, have very few wooded areas. With the exception natural woodland where alder is dominant and as areas of the larger woodland areas in the north-east, blocks tend of semi-natural woodland on floodplains, where the to be small and scattered across the landscape, although water-table is at or near the surface for much of the year. hedgerows act as habitat linkages and a number are This resource appears fairly scarce within the Borough. located adjacent to water-courses, including Ashby Canal Ancient wet woodland as described at paragraph 4.1.1 and small tributary streams, reducing their isolation. Much above, occurs rarely within the north east of the site. of the woodland appears to be of fairly even-age, Other areas of semi-natural wet woodland include only suggesting they comprise secondary planted woodland. scattered small areas close to water-courses, where English Oak Quercus robur / ash Fraxinus excelsior willows including crack and white willow Salix fragilis and woodland dominates, with other species including lime Tilia S. alba dominate the species recorded. sp., horse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum and also sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus. Under-storey species Immature plantation woodland comprise hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, elder Sambucus 4.1.6 Although not frequent across the Borough, medium to nigra, wych and English elm Ulmus glabra and U. procera large areas of new planting have taken place, mainly as and field maple Acer campestre. Holly Ilex aquifolium is also part of the National Forest Scheme. These areas include often found within this shrub layer. dense planting of a good mix of native species, both broadleaved and coniferous, including oak, ash, rowan Mixed woodland and plantations Sorbus aucuparia, horse chestnut, field maple Acer 4.1.4 Mixed woodland plantations appear much less common, campestre, hawthorn, holly and Scot's pine Pinus with few areas showing substantial proportions of sylvestris. These areas are planted over semi-improved coniferous species within them, to classify them as truly grassland and are judged mainly to be no more than 10 mixed. years old. They will in time, if managed correctly, provide a valuable resource, adding to the biodiversity of the Borough and increasing woodland cover.

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Key characteristics

! Mature trees are a regular feature, predominantly as an integral part of a hedgerow, increasing their value to wildlife; semi-mature and immature standards are less frequent

! Trees are less common around Upton, Wellsborough, Sheepy Parva, Cadeby and Shackerstone

! Former parkland trees are noted around Burbage, Market Bosworth and Sutton Cheney, many of which may be of veteran status

! Possible veteran trees are scattered throughout the Borough. Such trees will have a high biodiversity value, supporting a much greater range of associated flora and fauna than younger trees. Peckleton, Kirby Mallory, Dadlington, Stoke Golding, Sheepy Magna and Earl Shilton appear to be key areas for such trees

! Trees provide niche habitats for flora such as lichens and fungi and for a range of fauna, particularly bird species (including the Hobby, a protected bird recorded within the Borough), roosting bats and invertebrate species and as such are a valuable wildlife resource

! Mature / Veteran trees are an LBAP priority habitat and are highlighted within PPS9 as being of note. Wood- pasture and parkland is a UK and LBAP priority habitat

! Tree loss has historically been associated with hedgerow removal; poor management and farming practices and agricultural intensification. Dead and decaying wood, valuable for biodiversity is often removed for health and safety purposes

4.2.1 Mature, or veteran trees are an LBAP priority habitat, 4.2.3 Trees are a less common feature of habitats around the defined as trees “old enough to be hollow or to contain Upton / Wellsborough / Sheepy Parva area (an area rotting heartwood”. Different species mature at different where woodlands in general are also seen to be less speeds, therefore a mature birch tree may be much younger frequent), around Cadeby and near Shackerstone. than a mature oak. Trees over 250 years old are classified Former parkland trees, rather than hedgerow trees within the LBAP as ancient trees. Such trees can be found appear to be present around Burbage and Market within former wood-pasture and parkland, both UK and Bosworth / Sutton Cheney, some of which are possibly of LBAP priority habitats. veteran or ancient status. 4.2.2 Mature trees are a regular feature of the Borough, 4.2.4 A good proportion of trees exhibit features which indicate predominantly growing within hedgerows; semi-mature and that they may have the potential to be of veteran or near immature trees are much less common. This suggests that veteran status, under the LBAP definition, with in time, this habitat could become more scarce in Hinckley occasional trees possibly being classified as ancient.

and Bosworth, as older trees reach the end of their normal Former parkland trees life expectancy, but are without a good stock of younger trees maturing to replace them. Species are mainly either English oak and ash although lime, horse chestnut and Lombardy poplar Populus var. Italica are also found. Semi- mature and immature sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus are also occasionally recorded in the Borough. Crack willow, white willow and alder Alnus glutinosa are found along streams, ditches and water-bodies.

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Such features identified include die back within the canopy 4.2.6 Tree loss tends to be associated with the loss of and a general “stag-headed” appearance; significant dead hedgerows, and where intensive farming practices have wood, rot holes and dense coverings of ivy in addition to resulted in field rationalisation and removal often through large girths. Veteran trees have particular biodiversity close ploughing damaging the root plates and canopies. value. They support a greater range of invertebrates, fungi Additionally the conversion of lowland parkland habitats and lichens than is common on younger trees and as with into arable land has caused the removal of standards old hedgerows and older woodlands, provide ecological within former parkland estates. The lack of regeneration stability and continuity through time. Many of the individual is also a contributing factor. Many mature trees / veteran trees classified as SINCs are likely to be of this status. trees are often removed for safety reasons, as dead and Possible veterans are scattered across the Borough, decaying wood can cause potential hazards, particularly particularly around Peckleton and Kirby Mallory, Dadlington close to roads and public pathways. Trees are often and Stoke Golding, Sheepy Magna and Twycross and also poorly managed, and traditional management practices, around Earl Shilton. such as coppicing or pollarding have been abandoned. 4.2.5 Trees are important features of interest which contribute to Many of these factors are likely to have affected the local biodiversity, providing habitat opportunities for local extent and quality of the tree resource within Hinckley birds and invertebrates in particular. Standard trees are and Borough over the past century. important as nesting sites for the hobby Falco subbuteo,

Possible veteran indicating die-back and a “stag-headed” appearance

Found within the Borough at a number of locations (see fauna section), in addition to other more common birds. Mature native trees, in particular oaks, have a high value to invertebrate species, supporting a range of different species, and are likely to include a number of national Red Data Book species. Mature trees and veterans also offer potential for roosting bats, which will use the cracks, rot holes, flaking bark and dense ivy as roosts.

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Key characteristics

! The vast majority of grassland within the borough comprises agriculturally improved grasslands of limited diversity, other grassland types are all relatively rare

! Species-rich grassland compartments tend to be small in size, often on the urban / rural fringes and are likely to represent relict grassland; many over former medieval ridge and furrow. Such grasslands are recorded around Market Bosworth, Ratcliffe, Sheepy Parva, Barlestone and Barwell

! Marshy grassland and flood meadows are likely to be found along the River Sence and River Mease and other water-courses, where regular inundation occurs. Rush pasture is rare within the Borough, but small compartments exist around Barlestone and Sutton Cheney

! The underlying geology of the Borough is largely unsuitable for acid grassland, but in the more upland areas lying within the Charnwood Forest Natural Area conditions are more suitable. Examples of such grassland are present at Groby, for example

! Road verges form an important addition to the grassland resource, with verges potentially supporting a diverse range of grass and herb species, although most are species-poor and heavily managed

! Grassland loss has also occurred as a result of agricultural intensification and modern farming practices and through a lack of or mismanagement of retained grasslands

! Two SSSIs are designated for their neutral grassland qualities: Sheepy Fields and Kendall’s Meadow, with marsh found at Botcheston Bog SSSI and acid grassland within Groby Pool and Wood SSSI. SINC sites are often designated due to the species rich characteristics, as are road verges

! Semi-improved / unimproved neutral grasslands and heath (acid) grasslands are UK and LBAP priority habitats. Species-rich road-verges are also a LBAP habitat

! Further survey work is needed to establish the full extent of grasslands in the Borough

4.3.1 Grassland falls into a number of different categories, Semi-improved neutral grassland reflecting the differing substrate / ground conditions and 4.3.2 This habitat type is relatively uncommon within the management practices which affect species tolerance and Borough, but field compartments of less intensively composition. Neutral grassland (semi-improved and managed grassland are scattered throughout, which unimproved) and heath (acid) grassland are all LBAP could conform to the LBAP and UKBAP habitat above. and UK BAP priority habitats found within Hinckley and Much of this resource appears to be species-poor, Bosworth. Within the wider context of Leicestershire, neutral typically dominated by a number of coarse grassland grassland includes the flood meadow grasslands of river / species false-oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius and stream valleys, where meadows must be inundated by cock's-foot Dactylis glomerata, with a low herb diversity waters during the majority of winters for at least one or two dominated by common ragwort Senecio jacobea, days. This habitat will naturally be more restricted within the creeping thistle Cirsium vulgare and broad-leaved dock Borough, although grasslands along the Rivers Sence and Rumex obtusifolius. These fields are a mix of managed Mease and other larger brooks\watercourses other than and apparently unmanaged compartments. Occasional rivers may fall into this category. The other neutral grassland more species-rich neutral grassland is also present, type is the more common hay meadow pasture, found in although this is less frequent. More species rich fields drier areas and managed for hay pasture and are usually were observed near Barwell, Burbage, Shenton, Sutton grazed throughout the spring / summer. Cheney, Market Bosworth, Stoke Golding, Kirby Mallory,

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Desford, Ratby and Groby. The scattered nature of these across the fields. As such, these fields usually still suggest that other compartments will also be present support a higher floristic diversity, often with more damp across the Borough. These fields all tend to be smaller in tolerant species found within the furrows. This type of size and have not been given over to agricultural field was observed around Market Bosworth, Ratcliffe, intensification, although some are horse grazed. They are Sheepy Parva, Fenny Drayton, Barlestone, Suton often located on the urban / rural boundaries. It is possible Cheney, Carlton, Barwell and Kirkby Mallory. that some of these field compartments have been 4.3.4 Typical species which were found in more species rich designated as local SINC sites, although whether they fields within the Borough include:

would still qualify may depend on their recent management, Creeping bent Agrostis stolonifera

as neglect or overgrazing can reduce grassland quality over Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus

a relatively short period of time. Such small grassland areas Meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis

are generally considered important as they represent the Red fescue Festuca rubra

relict grasslands of the Borough and the wider region. Crested dog's tail Cynosurus cristatus

However the current small size of many fields and their Sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odorata

isolation within the landscape decreases the likelihood of Meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris

their long term continued viability. Better quality fields have Common sorrel Rumex acetosa

been allocated as SSSI's: Kendall's Meadow is a single Black knapweed Centaurea nigra

field compartment of traditionally managed hay meadow Hedge bedstraw Galium mollugo

and may be one of the best examples of such grassland in Ox-eye daisy Leucanethemum vulgare

Greater burnet Sanguisorbia officinalis

Common bird's foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus

Red clover Trifolium pratense

Yarrow Achillea millefoilum

Common cats ear Hypocheris radicata

Yellow rattle Rhinanthus minor

Pignut Conopodium major

Unimproved grassland 4.3.4 Little unimproved grassland was recorded within the Borough and this is not unexpected given the general Species poor semi-improved grassland with ruderal weeds intensively managed agricultural nature of the area.

the central East Midlands. Sheepy Fields is another fine Small compartments may still exist or have become rank example of such neutral grassland. in nature through neglect, such as seen around 4.3.3 Many of the more species rich fields were also seen to Dadlington. Other areas where such grassland may still occur on ridge and furrow. Such fields are relicts of the exist are contained in the habitats associated with the time when agricultural practices were much less SSSIs in the north east of the Borough around Groby. intensive and mechanised than they are today and are indicated by regular linear mounds and depressions

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4.3.5 Rush pasture was recorded in a small number of have only limited biodiversity value, with few species compartments, for example around Barlestone and present to provide nectar sources for insects. The Sutton Cheney. Species diversity was typically poor and dominated by rushes, in particular hard rush Juncus inflexus. It is likely that other small patches of rush pasture and possibly marshy grassland or flood meadows will be present within floodplains, regularly inundated pasture in low-lying areas and in flushes around natural springs or small streams. Botcheston

Bog SSSI provides a fine example of marshy grassland Most grasslands are improved for agricultural purposes, similar to this field above and remains one of the best examples in Leicestershire. More acid grassland is known to exist in the upland areas generally short sward and managed nature of these of the Borough at Groby, where geological conditions are fields also provides little in the way of foraging and shelter different from those across much of the Borough. This for other fauna and although these fields may be used, habitat type is present within the Groby Pool and Wood the more sheltered marginal areas with longer vegetation SSSI. near hedgerow bases will be more beneficial to wildlife. 4.3.6 Decline in such grasslands has usually arisen when they are converted to arable, temporary or ley grassland, or Road verges have been subjected to intense application of fertilizers 4.3.8 Road verges provide another valuable linear feature of and herbicides to create higher productivity improved the countryside and can support a diverse range of grassland. The intensification to all year round grazing, grasses and herbs and are an LBAP habitat. Better including horse-grazing and constant grazing, not only quality road verges tend to be wide, at least two metres means that flower seeds are not produced or are lost, but and will be associated with hedgerows and dry or damp / also that over-grazing occurs, with trampling and nutrient wet ditches, the close association of which adds to the enrichment from animal dung leading to a decrease in intrinsic value of each individual habitat, supporting many less tolerant herb and grass species and an increase in local species. Many such verges are classified as SINC the more vigorous and competitive weed species. sites for this reason. 4.3.7 The vast majority of grassland within the Borough 4.3.9 Verges in Hinckley and Bosworth are extremely variable comprises such improved grassland used for and many are of limited value, being narrow, heavily agricultural purposes, including grazing, silage and managed and not species diverse. However other verges fodder or ley grass and much is therefore intensively are of much better quality supporting a good range of managed. Perennial rye grass Lolium perenne is the grassland species and would be classified as species dominant grass with other grasses including timothy rich grassland. Typical species in lower quality verges grass Phleum pratense and soft brome Bromus mollis. include: Herbs are typically infrequent and restricted in diversity, False oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius with the most common recorded being white clover Common couch Elytrigia repens Trifolium repens, ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata Cock's-foot Dactylis glomerata and broad-leaved dock Rumex obtusifolius. These areas Common nettle Urtica dioica

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Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium

Broad-leaved dock Rumex obtusifolius

Cleavers Galium aparine

4.3.10 Other species recorded in the more diverse verges include:

Soft brome Bromus mollis

Red fescue Festuca rubra

Creeping bent Agrostis stolonifera

Cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris

Red clover Trifolium pratense

Silverweed Potentilla anserina

Creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans

Black knapweed Centaurea nigra

Agrimony Agrimonia eupatoria

Red bartsia Odontites vernus

Sheep sorrel Rumex acetosa

Hop trefoil Trifolium dubium

Common sorrel Rumex acetellosa

Goats beard Tragopogon pratensis

Meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis

Tufted vetch Vicia sativa

4.3.11 More species diverse verges were recorded around Shenton, Upton and Fenny Drayton, but are likely to be present scattered throughout the borough along occasional roadways. 4.3.12 Verges are affected by poor management, including factors associated with highways works such as dumping of spoil, spread of hard-core and works such as pipe-laying. Informal parking can also adversely affect verges. Species diversity and composition is also affected by salt spray and runoff from roads. Many verges are heavily managed and may include the addition of non-native garden plant species, in addition to the spread of invasive weeds such as Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica.

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Key characteristics

! Standing water occurs as scattered small and medium sized field ponds across the Borough; within former quarry excavations and other large water-bodies, such as Thornton Reservoir and Groby Pool. Garden ponds can also provide vital wildlife habitats within the built up areas where they act as stepping stone habitats

! Clusters of field ponds occur particularly around Nailstone Colliery, Cadeby, Shenton Hinckley and Barlestone. The close association of ponds with other habitats such as scrub, hedgerows and grassland adds to their biodiversity value

! Ashby Canal forms a linear standing water-body bisecting the site. Much of the canal has soft banking with marginal vegetation, bank-side trees and scrub and grasslands all providing associated habitats which add to its biodiversity value, with the variety of flora attractive to fauna such as birds, small mammals, amphibians and invertebrates

! Field ponds are known to support great crested newts. Water-vole are present along Ashby Canal, which also has the potential for otters. Larger water-bodies in particular provide foraging for bat species

! Agricultural practices have added to the decline of field ponds, both in quality and extent, with neglect and misuse also contributory factors

! Mesotprohic lakes such as Thornton Reservoir are a UK BAP habitat, with field ponds being an LBAP priority habitat. Thornton Reservior is a Local Nature Reserve, with Groby Pool and Ashby Canal both being SSSIs.

! Habitat surveys are recommended along Ashby Canal and at larger water-bodies to fully understand their nature conservation value

4.4.1 Standing water is formed by lakes, reservoirs, ponds and the some of the ponds observed. Like marginal vegetation Ashby Canal. Field ponds are an LBAP habitat, as having along rivers, this will provide valuable habitat attractive to once been widespread, but now in decline. Mesotrophic a variety of fauna, in addition to adding floristic diversity. lakes are also a UK and LBAP habitat, with Thornton Species included fool's-water-cress Apium nodiflorum, Reservoir forming one the largest such examples within broad-leaved pond-weed Potomageton natans, greater Leicestershire. reed-mace Typha latifloia and yellow-flag iris Iris 4.4.2 Small field ponds occur widely across Hinckley and pseudcoris. A covering of common duckweed Lemna Bosworth, mainly within cultivated fields and in field margins minor is present on many ponds. and are mostly connected to field boundary habitats, 4.4.4 Over-shaded ponds are less likely to support a well including hedgerows and their associated ditches. Where developed marginal or emergent vegetation as light ponds are more separated from these habitats by larger penetration is reduced; such ponds are usually distances of intensively farmed agricultural land, including correspondingly less valuable to wildlife. Ponds located arable crops, their nature conservation value decreases, as within intensively managed fields often also suffer from the farmed areas provide partial barriers to movement of high levels of nutrient input as a result of run-off from the small mammals and amphibians in particular, between the farmland, becoming overly eutrophicated, often with ponds and the hedgerows. significant algal blooms and decreasing the ability of the 4.4.3 Ponds within the Borough tend to be partially or fully over- pond to support flora and fauna. Without appropriate shaded by surrounding scrub and trees, including ash, management, in time, natural succession takes over and English oak, hawthorn, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and ponds will gradually dry out, succeeding to scrub, with a elder with no evidence of management. Where ponds are loss of this habitat type. less over-shaded, marginal vegetation has developed in

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4.4.5 Occasional clusters of ponds are seen in a number of fishing ponds can provide still wildlife value in addition to locations, including at Nailstone Colliery, Cadeby, Shenton their more commercial interest. Large ponds are also Hinckley and Barlestone. Pond clusters are important, found associated with the parkland at Burbage. particularly if semi-natural habitats, such as scrub, 4.4.7 Other ponds within the Borough include occasional newly woodland, marshy or tussocky grassland are associated created ponds at early stages of establishment on farm with them, linking the habitats, as these mosaics form a land or associated with new housing development and more viable unit, with the associated habitats adding to the ornamental and garden ponds. Such ponds can be intrinsic value of the ponds. Genetic exchange of fauna is variable in quality, but many provide valuable wildlife also more likely to occur, again important in helping the areas within the urban and urban-fringe environment, long-term stability and viability of a species population. This used by a variety of local fauna, including birds, is particularly important for species such as great crested amphibians, mammals and invertebrates, also acting as newts, which will move between ponds from year to year small stepping stones across the usually hostile urban and will live in meta-populations. habitats. 4.4.5 The decline of field ponds in the Borough has tended to be 4.4.8 Large open water-bodies include Thornton Reservoir. as a result of their infilling, lack of use and neglect, This is a mesotrophic water-body, predominantly used for eutrpohication as a result of farming activity in the recreation, with surrounding woodland, scrub and surrounding fields, in addition to the excavation of some grassland, including amenity grassland. There is an ponds to create fishing lakes. intermittent marginal vegetation of reed sweet grass 4.4.6 Large ponds tend to be associated with former quarry Glyceria maxima, canary reed grass Phalaris arundinacea, water-mint Mentha aquatica, wild amphibious bistort Persicaria amphibia. Bank-sides include a fringe of tall herbs, with meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria, wild angelica Angelica sylvestris, sedges Carex sp. including hairy sedge C. hirta and common nettle. Scrub and trees scattered around the reservoir margins add to the biodiversity interest with crack willows and ash. The reservoir is important for both water-fowl and other bird species. Damselflies and dragonflies all utilise the marginal habitats. There is some potential for water-voles within occasional steeper bank- Field pond within farmland sides and the marginal and bank-side habitats providing valuable cover and shelter. Bats, in particular areas such as at Nailstone, Cadeby and Kirkby Mallory Daubenton's bats are likely to forage over the water where habitat restoration / creation would have been catching airborne invertebrates attracted by the water likely to have taken place following cessation of activities. and flora, with the surrounding woodland providing Larger ponds often include small islands with scrub and additional linked habitat suitable for use by bats in trees, which will provide quiet, sheltered habitats for general. wildlife. Examples of fishing lakes occur around Peckleton and Sheepy Magna. When managed carefully,

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4.4.9 Groby Pool, allocated as a SSSI forms another important standing water-body within the borough, with a rich and diverse flora, including associated reed beds. As such the pool supports a diverse range of invertebrates, with many uncommon and locally notable species. 4.4.10 Ashby Canal is the main standing water body within the Borough, bisecting it roughly north-south, from north west of Shackerstone in the north, passing to the west of Market Bosworth and Stoke Golding, leaving just south

west of Hinckley. Whilst sections of the canal may Ashby Canal comprise hard-banking which limits burrowing by fauna, other sections comprise soft banking. Well developed marginal vegetation includes rushes such as hard rush, reed sweet grass, yellow iris, canary reed grass, branched bur reed Sparganium erectum, bulrush Scirpus lacustris and greater reed mace Typha latifolium. Sedge beds, including greater pond sedge Carex riparia also occur. Bank-side vegetation is variable, including dense stretches of common nettle Urtica dioica with more diverse stands of vegetation including meadow- sweet, water-dock Rumex hydrolapathum and gipsywort Lycopus europaeus. Intermittent trees, scrub and hedgerows partially over-shade the canal, with some adjoining grassland along its length, providing complimentary habitat suitable for foraging fauna associated with the canal side habitats.

Ashby Canal provides a valuable linear habitat through less diverse farmland

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Key characteristics

! Open running water is widely present across the Borough as small rivers and streams, providing vital linkages through the countryside

! The River Sence forms a key feature, cutting through the north west of the Borough, supporting a range of species and habitats

! Many of the water-course supports a good mix of emergent and marginal vegetation, with bank-side trees and hedgerows forming further habitat opportunities

! Giant horsetail - an invasive species - was recorded near Barlestone

! There is potential for a variety of fauna to use these water-courses, including otter, water-vole and fresh-water white clawed crayfish. Bats and kingfishers will use these habitats for foraging.

! Declines in quality of water-courses have been seen as a result of agricultural practices, with run off raising nutrient levels, changes in local hydrology and engineering practices, homogenising stream channels

! Fast flowing streams are an LBAP habitat

4.5.1 Fast flowing streams are classified as those which flow over well developed marginal and emergent vegetation, with mainly coarse particled or gravel substrate and are an LBAP branched bur-reed, reed canary grass regularly habitat. Within the Borough such streams are mainly observed. Water-crowfoot Ranunculus sp. and fennel restricted to the Charnwood Forest Natural Area, where the leaved pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus were also underlying geological conditions and topography are more recorded. Bank-sides often supported abundant likely to produce this type of stream. common nettle Urtica dioica and fringed by trees and 4.5.2 Open running water is however, widely present as small scrub including alder Alnus glutinosa, crack willow Salix rivers and streams throughout the Borough. Larger or fragilis, white willow Salix alba, ash Fraxinus excelsior named water-courses include: and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The River Sence 4.5.5 The River Sence is likely to have high nature The River Mease conservation value both at a Borough level and in the The Tweed River wider context, supporting a range of species and Rothley Brook habitats. The variety of submerged and marginal Sketchley Brook vegetation observed provide potential for sheltered areas Harrow Brook and foraging for a range of riparian fauna, with marginal 4.5.3 A large number of small tributaries flow into the above areas having further value to other fauna including watercourses, with many other small brooks and ditches invertebrates such as dragon flies (e.g. darters). The river also present. As with hedgerows, these provide vital bisects areas of managed farmland and as such has an corridors and linkages across and beyond the Borough. important function as a semi-natural corridor flowing 4.5.4 The River Sence, one of the Borough’s main watercourses, through habitats of lesser biodiversity value, linking with takes a meandering course through the north west of the habitats beyond the Borough. It has the potential to Borough. For much of its course it appears to have a support a number of protected or notable species. Otter moderate - fast flow over a mixed stoney and silty base and have the potential to use the river for foraging and moving generally appears clear, rather than turbid. The river has between better quality habitats along its length, although

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no records currently exist for otter in the Borough. Crateagus monogyna, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, elder Overhanging trees also provide potential holts and resting Sambucus nigra and hazel Corylus avellana. Gorse Ulex places in exposed root systems at the water-edges for this europaeus is occasionally present. Mature crack willow species. The abundant bank-side and marginal vegetation, pollards are present along-side water-courses near together with a variety of bank-sides, with steeper / Carlton. shallower banks also provide suitable habitat for water- 4.5.7 Typical marginal and emergent vegetation include yellow voles. Native white-clawed freshwater crayfish could also flag iris, branched bur-reed, greater reed-mace, use stones in the riverbed as refuges and the corridor is pendulous sedge C. pendula, fool's water-cress Apium likely to be of importance to birds, including kingfisher, with nodiflorum, spike-rush Eleocharis sp. and hard rush, overhanging trees providing perching posts whilst they with water-starwort Callitriche stagnalis regularly search for fish. occurring. Whilst some stands of broad-leaved herbs occur, particularly meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria Other rivers / streams / ditches and bittersweet Solarnum dulcamara, bank-sides tend to 4.5.6 Smaller water-courses are also widely present across the be dominated with a more ruderal vegetation type, with remainder of the Borough, although are less frequent in great willow-herb Epilobium hirsutum and common nettle some areas, such as in the south west at Upton and Fenny abundant alongside many of the streams and ditches Drayton. Minor watercourses comprise small streams, assessed. Giant horsetail, an invasive species if not brooks and ditches and include those with naturally controlled properly was recorded around water-courses meandering and those with straight profiles with more or near Barlestone. 4.5.8 These smaller water-courses are less likely to be potentially valuable for larger riparian mammals such as otter, although where streams have deeper profiles and are less ephemeral in nature there is potential for water- voles. Those small streams and ditches with better developed marginal and emergent vegetation also have greater potential value for smaller fauna, including invertebrates. 4.5.9 Factors affecting the quality and decline in water-courses are related to agricultural practices, such as run-off; alterations in local hydrology, often as a result of Well developed streams have good diversity within associated habitats development, increasing surface runoff and sediment less marginal and emergent vegetation present. Flow varies load; pollution and discharges into streams; climatic from moderate to slow, with variable water depths with many factors and channel alterations and engineering, which appearing to be seasonal, rather than permanently wet. Most often straighten removing the diversity of features such courses sampled were characteristically over-shaded, with a meanders, pools and riffles and stepped banking. mix of trees including crack, white and goat willows Salix fragilis, Salix alba and Salix caprea, ash Fraxinus excelsior, elm Ulmus sp., field maple Acer campestre, hawthorn

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Key characteristics

! Hedgerows are widely distributed forming a valuable network of wildlife corridors across the borough, linking other semi-natural habitats, such as woodland blocks

! They also provide nesting and foraging habitat for a range of fauna, with fruits and flowers providing food sources

! Most are moderately species rich, supporting around five canopy species.

! Hawthorn, blackthorn and elder are dominant woody species, with ash, elm and field maple regularly occurring. Climbers are rarely present and ground flora generally not particularly diverse

! Ditches are associated with many hedgerows and mature trees are frequently present

! Hedgerows are less diverse and are generally of poorer quality in the north west of the Borough

! Hedgerow loss is associated with changing farming practices and as a result of unsympathetic development, particularly in the urban fringes. Neglect and mis-management all affect hedgerow quality and infilling with non- native species has decreased their diversity

! Hedgerows are a UK and LBAP priority habitat and many better quality hedgerows are classified as SINC habitats or classed as Important under the Hedgerow Regulations 1997

! To fully assess hedgerow quality and Importance a comprehensive hedgerow survey would be required

4.6.1 Hedgerows are both a UK and LBAP priority habitat. Under Borough tend also to be well connected within the the LBAP, hedgerows are defined as a line of woody shrubs landscape and are linked both to other hedgerows and and trees incorporating associated features such as a grass also often with small blocks of woodland. Most are margin, ditch and bank. Whilst older hedgerows often have moderately species rich, supporting around five canopy greater biodiversity value and may be more species rich, species, although within this a few species will be more providing stability and continuity of habitat over a long period frequent or dominant. Hawthorn Crateagus monogyna, of time, all hedgerows are considered priority habitats under blackthorn Prunus spinosa and elder Sambucus nigra are both BAPs in recognition of the importance that any the most common species recorded, with ash and elm hedgerow has for biodiversity, not just those that are species (the latter species mainly recorded as persisting rich or ancient. Within areas such as Hinckley and Bosworth, suckers), field maple Acer campestre is also regularly where woodland cover is generally low, hedgerows are of present. Holly Ilex aquifolium is much less frequently particular importance, providing suitable alternative present, but tends to be locally abundant where it woodland edge type habitats for many fauna. Some appears. Wild privet Ligustrum vulgare, dogwood Cornus hedgerows are also protected by statute under the sanguinea and crab apple Malus sylvestris are Hedgerow Regulations 1997, though only hedgerows which occasionally present. Climbers were only rarely found meet certain pre-defined criteria according to the wildlife, within sampled hedgerows, with ivy Hedera helix, black landscape and archaeological features and value are bryony Tamus communis and honeysuckle Lonicera protected. periclymenum, being the main species recorded. Ground 4.6.2 Hedgerows are widely present across the Borough, forming flora is generally not particularly diverse being dominated the vast majority of most field boundaries, fences also by common nettle Urtica dioica, creeping thistle Cirsium frequently define field compartments. Hedgerows within the arvense, false-oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius and

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cock's-foot Dactylis glomerata. Mature trees are frequently field compartments, such as seen around Higham on the present as standards within the hedgerows. Species Hill, Stoke Golding and Barwell areas, may form part of include ash Fraxinus excelsior and pedunculate oak the old enclosure fields. Other hedgerows may still be in Quercus robur. place from pre-enclosure times, where they may also 4.6.3 Many hedgerows are associated with damp ditches and have formed parish boundaries. Such hedgerows are occasionally wet ditches with grass verges mainly present more likely to have a higher diversity of species as a where hedgerows are adjacent to roads. Hedgerows in the result of age (it is estimated that for every 100 years, one north-west of the Borough (noted around Congerstone, new species will naturally develop over a 30 metre Cadeby, Twycross, Carlton, Sheepy Parva and length) and are often of greater value. This is often Shackerstone) are much less diverse, many being reflected by their local designation as SINC sites. dominated by hawthorn. These hedgerows also tend to be Similarly hedgerows close by semi-natural ancient less well connected and are more gappy in nature, rather woodland blocks may also (although not necessarily) than continuous. This was also seen further south around have a higher number of associated canopy species and have a more diverse and interesting ground flora, including ancient woodland indicator species, representing the last vestiges of otherwise cleared areas of ancient woodland. Those hedgerows which contain hazel and dogwood are often good indicators of an

Whilst hedgerows may be heavily managed, associated features such as trees, ditches and verges can all add value

Unmanaged, or less intensively managed hedgerows provide thicker, more sheltered wildlife the Burbage fringes. corridors, with more nesting and foraging opportunities 4.6.4 The hedgerows are a significant feature of nature ancient hedgerow within the Leicestershire Region as a conservation value within the intensively farmed whole and applies also to the Borough. landscape of the Borough, contributing greatly to local 4.6.6 Key factors resulting in the decline of hedgerow quality biodiversity. They provide corridors for movement and and extent include their removal following agricultural dispersal across the farmed landscape, acting also as intensification and unsympathetic urban fringe natural refuges providing nest sites and places of shelter development; poor, inappropriate or cessation or for local fauna, such as small mammals, birds and invertebrates. Fruits and flowers provide vital food sources and the presence of damp ditches and road verges add to their value, with increased opportunities for foraging and nesting. 4.6.5 It is possible that hedgerows, particularly around smaller

Hedgerows create a network across less diverse habitats

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abandonment of management practices; agricultural practices, such as crop spraying and ploughing of field margins up to hedgerow bases, damaging tree roots and canopies and overstocking of fields (increased grazing of canopies); infilling or creation of new hedgerows with non- native species, or native species sourced from a different genetic pool outside of the local areas, affecting resistance to disease or bringing in new diseases.

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4.7.1 A number of key areas are present within the Borough which materials such as tin sheeting add to their value for include some or all of the above described habitats. These reptiles and amphibians, providing hibernation and include: basking opportunities.

Railway embankments Structures 4.7.2 Both active and dismantled railways provide valuable linear 4.7.5 Both disused and actively used buildings and structures habitats through the Borough functioning in a similar way to provide important habitats for local fauna, particularly bird hedges and watercourse, and supporting broadleaved and bat species. Buildings within the Borough are wide woodland, scrub and open grassland. Wet flushes are often and varied, with both urban and rural buildings of differing found at their bases. The mosaic of habitats present creates ages and styles, many of which are likely to be used for many foraging and nesting opportunities for a range of nesting, roosting and foraging. fauna, linking with other habitats such as woodland blocks and hedgerows. Badgers in particular use railway Brownfield sites embankments as sett sites and for feeding. The combination 4.7.6 Brownfield sites are those which have been developed of south facing slopes and varied vegetation structure is of in the past, but are now unused. These are usually benefit to reptile species. found within or around built-up areas. Depending on the time abandoned, such sites can be more or less Quarries and collieries diverse, with larger sites in particular developing a 4.7.3 Former quarries fall under the LBAP habitat of Rocks and range of valuable habitats, supporting a potentially Built Structures. Former quarries and collieries are diverse fauna, particularly invertebrates. scattered throughout the Borough, reflecting a history of mineral extraction. Many of these areas have undergone restoration since cessation of activities, creating new habitats including larger water-bodies, grassland, scrub and woodland. Other areas may have been left and natural colonization allowed, bringing pioneer communities of high diversity. Nailstone colliery and the former quarries at Groby are both known to be important for a range of protected or notable species.

Allotments 4.7.4 Both active and former allotments provide interesting habitats, often on urban fringes. The diversity of vegetables and flowering plants provide foraging and nectar sources for many mammals and insects. Compost heaps are known to be well used by slow-worm and grass-snake, where the warm environment provides ideal conditions for breeding. The proximity of general garden debris, including brash and

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H 31 Biodiversity Assessment 5 . 0 F A U N A

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT FAUNA 5

5.0 FAUNA 5.1.1 This section provides descriptions of the protected and notable faunal species known to be present within Hinckley and Bosworth Borough, sourced through the desktop survey.

5.1.2 Despite the characteristic high proportion of intensively managed farmland within the Borough, generally less suitable or valuable to wildlife, the borough nevertheless supports plenty of wildlife, including many protected or notable species.

5.1.3 Thirteen species are protected under UK law through the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (As amended) or the Protection of Badgers Act 1992. Not all of these species are afforded full protection. Levels of protection are also identified for each species below. Two of these species (great crested newts and bats) are also protected under European Law through the Habitats Regulation 1994 (As amended). Six species have a local BAP prepared for them, with a further 10 species also having a UK BAP.

5.1.4 Key information regarding each species is supplied first, followed by a text description, detailing the general habitat requirements of the species. Their distribution within the Borough is also described, with key factors affecting populations highlighted.

5.1.5 Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the distribution of faunal species and Appendix 1 lists each species together with a summary of the habitats they were recorded in table form. Relevant legislation and policies affecting individual species is also presented in this table (Appendix 1).

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H 32 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT F A U N A - G r e a t C r e s t e d N e w t s 5.1

Key characteristics

! Great crested newt records appear to be scattered throughout the Borough. Although few current records exist, this is likely to be as a result of few recent surveys, rather than a lack of a presence.

! Small - medium sized field ponds provide breeding habitat for great crested newts. This habitat must be associated with terrestrial habitats such as scrub, tussocky grassland and hedgerows, as newts spend much of their life on land

! Populations of great crested newts have declined as a result of field pond removal and loss or fragmentation of terrestrial habitat. Neglect and poor management of ponds also leads to a decrease in their suitability for great crested newts

! This species is protected under European and UK law and is a UK BAP priority species

Male great crested newt

5.1.6 Although this species does not fall within the local BAP (this predatory invertebrates may be because this Region supports a relatively strong, —Slightly eutrophic (nutrient rich) water recovering overall population), it is classified as a UK BAP —Reduced shade from southerly trees and shrubs priority species and thus remains important that this species —Occasional shrubs overhanging waterline (<20% cover does not decline in numbers. This species is protected acceptable) under European and UK law. —Well-developed aquatic and emergent vegetation 5.1.7 In order for a great crested newt to achieve its full life cycle, —A variety of invertebrate food breeding (aquatic) habitat must be directly linked with —Lack of fish suitable terrestrial habitat. Terrestrial habitat must include —Lack of pollution sited away from excessive arable run- permanent areas where they can shelter / hibernate from off and slurry severe weather (hot or cold temperatures) and places of Terrestrial habitats:

shelter during the day as newts are mainly nocturnal, with  Mixed vegetation, tussocks of vegetation, scrub and foraging opportunities and habitats along which they can open woodland (heavily grazed grassland not much disperse to other areas and their breeding habitats. Great used)

crested newt habitat requirements are as follows:  Plentiful supply of daytime shelter e.g. Aquatic (potential breeding) habitats: logs/stones/rubble

—Easy access e.g. gently sloping sides  If suitable areas are separated by unsuitable habitats —Combination of shallows and deep water there must be connecting habitats e.g. hedgerows, —Occasional drying of water bodies to exclude fish and ditches and areas of long grass which enable migration between these.

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5.1.8 Great crested newts are predominantly found in farmed breeding and terrestrial habitat is present and that lowland habitats and the Borough should therefore be an unbroken semi-natural linkages are present between ideal location for this species. As long as there is a great these habitats. In addition, similar linkages with the wider crested newt population in an area, the species is able to countryside will enable localised populations to disperse colonise new or modified habitats quite easily, provided that across the Borough, colonising new habitats. the necessary dispersal linkages together with the different habitat types they require are established and in place. The Borough has a large number of small field ponds scattered across the landscape, with a good network of well connected hedgerows. Whilst the extent of arable land provides less suitable habitat, newts will traverse and forage on grazed pasture, the other main component within Hinckley and Bosworth's farmscape. Additionally, small blocks of predominantly broad-leaved woodland remain, linked with the hedgerows, which will provide valuable terrestrial and over-wintering habitat for this species. 5.1.9 Although a relatively small number of records for great crested newts has been identified for the last five years in the Borough, this may not fully reflect the reality of the Boroughs great crested newt population. Many records for great crested newts are historic and will not have appeared on this data search. Whilst some historic populations may have become extinct, others may still be thriving. Newts are surveyed when in their breeding habitat, and a lack of access to field ponds located on land which is not publicly accessible can affect the extent of records through lack of survey or knowledge of populations. 5.1.10 Key factors in the decline of the species, which have led to its protection include: the infilling and destruction of ponds; the natural succession of ponds, to the introduction of fish into ponds; chemical pollution and nutrification, mainly due to the intensification of agricultural practices in the last century; loss of terrestrial habitat; fragmentation of habitats and poor habitat management and neglect or misuse of ponds. 5.1.11Key factors in ensuring that the local population of great crested newts is maintained and enhanced within the Borough requires a consideration of the overall habitat requirements of the species, ensuring that sufficient suitable

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Key characteristics

! Records of bats are generally scattered, reflecting the variety of roosting habitats these species will use and the general distribution of such habitats across the borough. At least five species of bats are thought to be present in Hinckley and Bosworth

! Bats require habitats suitable for roosting, including hibernation and maternity roosts, connected with foraging grounds, such as hay meadows, lakes, canals and woodlands. They will roost in old or new buildings; trees; underground spaces; cliffs and walls.

! The hedgerow network in Hinckley and Bosworth provides valuable linkages between suitable habitats acting as commuting corridors and foraging lines

! Bats sleep during the day, emerging at dusk to forage for airborne insects, returning to their roosts at dawn.

! They are active during the warmer months usually between May and September, although changes seasonality may affect this sightly; hibernating in the winter in groups or colonies

! All bat species are protected under European and UK law and are UK and LBAP priority species

Common pipistrelle bat

5.2.1 Due to the declining status of all bat species, bats and their  Common pipistrelle roosts (whether they are present or not) are protected within  Soprano pipistrelle P. pygmaeus European and UK legislation and are listed as priority  Natterer’s bats M. nattereri species on both the UK and the local BAP. Licences are  Whiskered required from Natural England where works would affect bat  Brandts M. brandti roosts.  Daubenton’s M. daubentoni 5.2.2 There are 16 species of bats in the UK. Recent biological  Noctule Nycatalus noctula data records indicate that 4-5 species are known to be  Brown-long eared present within Hinckley and Boswoth. These include the  Serotine (less common) Eptesicus serotinus pipistrelle bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus, the brown long eared  Leisler’s (less common) N. Leisleri bat Plecotus auritus and the whiskered bat Myotis mystacinus. Not all species of bat will be found in Hinckley 5.2.3 Bats are nocturnal mammals, emerging at dusk to feed on and Bosworth. Greater and lesser horse-shoe bats airborne invertebrates. The most valuable habitats to Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and R. hipposederos are them, in addition to needing suitable roosting habitat, restricted to south-west England and Wales, with include those habitats where insects will be plentiful: herb- Bechstein’s Myotis bechsteini, grey long-eared P. rich and traditional pastures; woodland, in particular austriacus and barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus bats broad-leaved woodland; marshy areas; ponds and slow found only in the south. However the Borough could have moving rivers. They roost in a variety of habitats including the potential to support the following bat species: buildings; trees; underground spaces, such as caves or disused mine-shafts / railway tunnels and in crevices

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within cliffs and walls. Roosting habitats vary between foraging areas such as water-bodies and woodland different species and also at different times of the year and blocks. Former quarry areas are also likely to be bats will move between roosting areas throughout the year. important for bats, presenting foraging and roosting Bats hibernate during the colder winter months, often in opportunities in close proximity. large hibernation roosts which are sheltered, with female 5.2.7 Key factors resulting in the decline in bat numbers bats roosting together in the summer in warm locations in a include: maternity roost, where they raise their young. They  Loss of roosts such as through tree removal; therefore require a variety of roosting habitats to achieve inappropriate barn conversions; cavity wall insulation; their full life-cycle. The connection between roost and building refurbishment. foraging grounds is vital and bats will tend to follow linear  Loss of habitats – including ponds, removal of features such as hedgerows, tree-lines and waterways hedgerows; loss of pasture; increased use of pesticides; when flying, either for reaching foraging grounds from their mono-culture and agricultural intensification and barn roost, for foraging itself and also when moving to a new conversions. roosting area.  Changes to woodland – clear-felling, replanted woods 5.2.5 All these habitats are currently present within Hinckley and of even-age structure; removal of dead wood; increases Bosworth. The fragmentation or isolation of these habitats in area of coniferous plantations. within the countryside will affect the local populations of bats, preventing ease of movement between roosts and foraging grounds. Whilst only roosts are protected by law, the loss of an associated foraging area or a break in the commuting line to a roost can be as serious. The agricultural land within the Borough provides limited value to bats, but the hedgerow network; scattered ponds, larger lakes such as Thornton Reservoir; Ashby Canal and the established broadleaved and ancient woodlands, are all valuable to this group. The young woodland planted in association with the National Forest programme will provide future additional foraging and roost sites. 5.2.6 Records for whiskered bats are clustered around Bosworth Mill. Pipistrelle records are typically scattered, including roosts in older farm houses and in both newer and older houses in the urbanised areas around local towns; with scattered records for brown long-eared bats in a variety of farm buildings and other houses. The distribution of records suggests that bats are likely present across much of the Borough, using the variety of habitats available for roosting, particularly where these are in close proximity to suitable commuting lines (hedgerows, ditches and rivers) and

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Key characteristics

! Records exist for slow-worm, common lizard and grass-snake. These are mainly scattered, although slow-worm records cluster around Groby

! Reptiles require a mosaic of habitats, with a varied vegetative structure, including shorter grassland, longer and tussocky grassland and scrub

! Reptiles bask during the day, south facing slopes and surfaces which retain the heat are ideal places for this

! Allotments and railway embankments tend to provide key habitats for these species

! Hostile surfaces such as roads and other hard-standing all provide barriers to their movement, presenting hostile environments

! Reptiles are protected under UK law and are UK BAP species

Common lizard Slow worm Grass-snake

5.3.1 Reptiles are protected under UK law and are a UKBAP ectothermic and use the heat of the sun to warm priority species. their body temperature up; they therefore require 5.3.2 Three of the five protected species of reptiles are open, ideally south facing, areas where they can lie present in the Borough, common lizard Lacerta undisturbed. Such areas might include open shorter vivipara, grass snake Natrix natrix and slow worm grassland; sloping banks; exposed and fallen logs Anguis fragilis. It is possible, although less likely that or walls. More sheltered areas, including long the more upland and acidic habitats in the north east of grassland; scrub; dead wood piles and crevices all the site around Groby may have the potential to provide areas which provide both shelter from support adder Viper berus, where heath grassland excessive heat or cold. These habitats also provide areas and scrub could provide suitable habitat. Sand valuable places in which to hide from potential lizards would not be expected in the area, this species predators. Grass snakes will swim and are often being highly restricted in its habitat requirements. found close to water-bodies, along canal sides and Only a very small number of recent records exist for pond margins. Longer grassland will also provide slow worm and common lizard, with the slow worm foraging for this species. The many small field records centred around the Groby / Markfield areas. ponds, larger ponds / lakes; ditches, streams and Grass-snake records are more widely scattered Ashby Canal, where these are linked with other across the Borough. These species are likely to be habitats will all be suitable for grass-snake. under-recorded. 5.3.4 In addition, important habitats for reptiles include 5.3.3 All these species require a mosaic of habitats, with a railway embankments (active or disused); wide field varied structure to the vegetation. Reptiles are margins; tussocky grassland and areas where

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there are exposed patches for basking amongst sheltered refuges. The disused quarries and railway cuttings present within the Borough would potentially provide these conditions. Refuges can take the form of dead wood piles; rock debris; brash and other general detritus such as car-tyres and corrugated sheeting. Nooks and crannies in walls are also suitable. Hedgerow bases are also valuable, providing habitat corridors as well as places of shelter.

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Key characteristics

! Badgers are relatively widespread within the Borough, with records distributed across a large area, although clusters occur within the north east of the Borough around Groby

! Important badger habitats within the Borough include established broadleaved woodlands and hedgerows, where there is abundant foraging habitat. Newly planted woodland areas will add to this resource in the future

! Badger clans range across territorial areas, where there is access from setts to foraging areas along sheltered corridors, such as hedgerows

! Badgers can be affected by intensive agricultural practices and developments which may cause fragmentation of their home range or territorial area, restricting access to sufficient foraging opportunities and isolating setts

! This species is protected by UK legislation

5.4.1 Badgers are omnivorous mammals, which currently have a 5.4.3 A badger territory requires a water source and a variety of relatively widespread distribution in Hinckley and Bosworth food sources to sustain the clan throughout the year. Food and England in general, although on a European scale availability and foraging habits vary throughout the year, badgers are more rare. Badgers are protected under UK with earthworms being a main constituent of their diet, law, partly as a result of public concern regarding digging especially in wetter periods when soils are softer and and baiting of badgers. worms more accessible. Dietary intake of fruits and 5.4.2 Generally nocturnal in habit, they live in social groups berries increases in autumn and winter, as they become (clans) and generally occupy a network of setts within their available and cereals are consumed as they come into territory. A sett is a system of underground tunnels and crop in the late summer. Small mammals, birds and chambers. The main sett is usually permanently occupied, insects constitute a smaller proportion of their diet. Food used for breeding and may comprise many chambers and crops such as maize, together with vegetable gardens or entrances, depending on the size of the clan. Annex, allotments also provide potential food sources which will subsidiary and outlying setts have a more dynamic be utilised by badgers. occupation, dependent on season, food availability and 5.4.4 Badger records for Hinckley and Bosworth are by and social influences. Setts are usually excavated within large within hedgerow and woodland habitats where undisturbed areas, with a likely preference for locations suitable foraging is plentiful and connections between which provide some degree of shelter such as hedgerows habitats are good. There is a greater concentration of and woodlands. Badgers are very loyal to territories and the records in the north east of the Borough, correlating with larger clans will form established setts which may be settled the concentration of long established woodland areas and for many years. the new wooded areas created under The National Forest

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initiatives. 5.4.5 Hinckley and Bosworth has an extensive hydrological system incorporating lakes, reservoirs, field ponds, streams, rivers and the canal. Locations of water sources are not a constraint to the badger population within the Borough. Whilst largely an arable landscape with areas of grazed improved grassland, in conjunction with the network of hedgerows, the Borough provides a reasonably good range of resources for badgers with the requirements for their food widely and locally available. 5.4.6 Modern practices such as road and unsympathetic housing development, forestry and agricultural operations, influence the habitat availability for this species. New developments, particularly roads, can cause fragmentation of habitats, isolating badgers from their foraging range and creating disruption to clans and territorial areas. A different but direct threat facing badgers in the UK is presented by the potential cull in relation to bovine tuberculosis in cattle.

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Key characteristics

! There are records for this species on Ashby Canal and within ponds at Burbage Common and Higham fisheries. Other water-courses and ponds may also provide suitable habitat

! Water voles are semi-aquatic, requiring both aquatic and adjoining terrestrial habitats, usually living in linear colonies along water-courses, although as seen in Hinckley and Bosworth will colonise marginal habitats around ponds and lakes

! Aquatic habitats may be standing or running water, but most support soft banking for burrowing and emergent and bank-side vegetation to provide foraging and shelter

! Water vole colonies are affected by alterations in local hydrology; water-quality deterioration and fragmentation of colonies through bisection of territorial areas with roads and bridges or canalisation of banking and predation by the American mink.

! They are protected under UK statute and are a UK BAP and LBAP priority species

5.5.1 As a result of the decline in populations and increased threat rushes and reeds. They do not hibernate in winter, but to this species, water voles are protected under UK law. are generally less active above ground. 5.5.2 Water voles are semi-aquatic animals utilising any suitable 5.5.4 Canals, wet ditches, rivers and dykes are all important freshwater habitat to some degree whether it is running or water vole habitats and suitable habitats are all present standing water. They live in colonies, divided into individual within Hinckley and Bosworth. Ponds and lakes will also and contiguous territories. Territories are around 100m in be used by water vole, where these have connections to length, established by breeding females and marked by other suitable habitats enabling colonisation and where latrines and scent markings. A male territory may overlap there is sufficient emergent vegetation. Above ground that of one or more females, and are generally large, often nests will also be built in place of burrows, where bank- extending up to a 500m range. sides are not suitable. Records for water-vole within the 5.5.3 Water voles prefer sites with wide swathes of riparian Borough are associated with a number of these habitats, vegetation, both emergent and bank-side, which provides with most recent records existing along the Ashby Canal, food and shelter. Water-courses must ideally remain with Burbage Common ponds, and both at Barlestone and relatively stable water-levels, which reduce the risk of winter Higham Lane fisheries. flooding of burrows and summer drying out of the water- 5.5.5 Changes in land use have resulted in habitat loss and the course. Burrows are made within soft banks, ideally where fragmentation or degradation of inter-connected water these are stepped and fairly steep in form. The burrows vole colonies. Other factors affecting water voles include have many entrances, tunnels and chambers (used for food climate change causing alterations to local hydrology, storage and nesting). The animal is herbivorous, feeding on pollution, canalisation of riverbanks, poor management a wide variety of waterside vegetation including sedges, and flood defence work. More recently water-vole

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populations have been affected by increased predation as a result of the introduction of the American mink. 5.5.6 Habitat preservation and creation can be achieved with the co-operation of landowners and developers. Simple measures, such as spreading ditch clearance over a longer period or establishing a buffer strip between the vole's habitat and the new development can ensure their longer term survival within the Borough.

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Key characteristics

! Few records for this species exist within the Borough, this may be due to under-recording as the species is not classified as a priority species for action with the local BAP and the Borough in general appears to support sufficient suitable habitat

! Brown hare range over large areas of grassland and arable land where they feed on young shoots and leaves

! Numbers of hare have declined drastically since the second world war, as result of changes in agricultural practices decreasing the availability of longer grassland and availability of young shoots throughout the year

! As a result of this decline, brown hare are now included on the UK BAP

5.7.1 Brown Hare were introduced to Britain in Roman times and 5.7.3 However, changes to farming practices have meant that are now generally widespread on the lowlands of England. the abundance of young shoots in the summer period has However, numbers have declined drastically in recent years decreased. Additionally predation of brown hares has due to modern farming practices, which have resulted in the increased. The inclusion of wide grassland field margins loss of habitat diversity within arable landscapes and is one way in which suitable habitat can be provided on changes in cropping regimes. As a result, they have been fields where crops provide less valuable habitat for this recently designated as a UK BAP priority species, under species. which the objective is to maintain and expand existing populations, although they are not a LBAP priority species. 5.7.2 Brown hare occupy large ranges in relatively exposed habitats and as such are found within the arable dominated landscape, large areas of which exist across Hinckley and Bosworth. They are mainly nocturnal, resting during the day. Hares do not have burrows but occupy forms (small depressions in the ground among long grass). Whilst records of brown hare are low within the Borough, this may be due to under-recording as suitable habitats are abundant in the Borough and should not be a constraint to the distribution of brown hare in this area .

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Key characteristics

! Hinckley and Bosworth supports six bird species which receive full protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981). Ten UK BAP and three LBAP species also occur

! Key habitat areas for birds include Groby Pool, Burbage Common and Woods, Bosworth Water Park and Thornton Reservoir. Hedgerows and woodland also provide valuable habitat

! Breeding success of many of the species present is dependent on agricultural practices, with intensification leading to declines in many species. Loss of gardens, former orchards and parks have also resulted in declines of bird numbers

Barn owl Hobby Peregrine falcon Red kite

5.7.1 All nesting birds have a general level of protection under UK this species exists for Groby Pool for 2005, suggesting law, with specific birds receiving full individual protection. Six that given its rarity, it does not breed within the Borough. bird species recorded in the Hinckley & Bosworth Borough 5.7.4 The hobby Falco subbuteo is a summer visitor to the UK receive such protection. Ten UK BAP and three LBAP bird with up to 900 pairs arriving from Africa each year to species have also been recorded in the Borough. breed. Typical habitat includes farmland, woodland edges and heathland. Gravel pits, lakes and reservoirs are Birds with full statutory protection popular feeding areas in late summer where their prey, 5.7.2 Widely distributed across the UK, barn owls Tyto alba have large insects and juvenile hirundines (swallows and suffered declines over the past fifty years as a result of the martins), are abundant. Hobbies remain faithful to the degradation of habitats through intensive agricltural same breeding territory each year often occupying old practices, with a corresponding reduction in potential prey. crow nests in mature trees, and have been recorded at Populations naturally fluctuate with changing vole numbers Thornton reservoir, Groby Pool and Twycross. (their main prey) each year. Barn owls are birds of open 5.7.4 The garganey Anas querquedula is a scarce countryside, field edges, riverbanks and roadside verges, (approximately 150 pairs) and secretive breeding duck in and have been recorded in suitable habitat throughout the the UK. Mostly found in central and southern England. It Borough. favours shallow wetlands, with flooded meadows and 5.7.3 The black-necked grebe Podiceps nigricollis is a rare ditches, and plenty of aquatic vegetation. A single record breeding bird, with no more than 50 pairs thought to occur of garganey exists in April 2006 at Groby Pool and habitat within the UK. It is an uncommon wintering bird, with for this species is limited within the Borough. approximately 120 individuals recorded. A single record of 5.7.5 Peregrines Falco peregrinus have historically suffered

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persecution and as a consequence numbers have Significant bird areas within the Borough dropped significantly. Better legal protection and control 5.7.8 The complex of habitats at Groby Pool provides a of pesticides (which indirectly poisoned birds) have valuable resource for a range of bird species. As well helped the population to recover considerably. as the species already mentioned, it is one of the Traditional nest sites include rocky sea-cliffs, but ledges most reliable sites in the county for mandarin duck. of inland quarries; tall buildings such as cathedrals; power Also of interest are the gulls; yellow-legged and stations and city office blocks will act as suitable Caspian gulls are both regular, and Mediterranean, alternatives. In the winter, peregrines can be found Glaucous and Iceland gulls visit annually. Lesser wherever there are good numbers of medium-sized birds, redpolls and siskins use the alders and birches, such as waders, pigeons and ducks for prey. Thornton especially along the north side of the pool. Several Reservoir and Groby Pool with its associated quarry are pairs of reed warblers breed and water rails can be hotspots within the Borough for this species. heard in the winter months. Over 150 bird species 5.7.6 The red kite Milvus milvus was once extinct within the have been recorded here, with highlights including UK, but an active protection programme has successfully great white and little egrets, Slavonian grebe, marsh re-introduced this species to England and Scotland and harrier, honey buzzard, bittern, and ring-necked they are an increasingly familiar sight across the duck (LROS, 2007). Midlands. Typical kite habitat includes a mosaic of 5.7.9 Burbage Common & Woods supports a mix of woodland habitats for nesting and open farmland in which woodland and open land. Birds found here include they search for food. Red kites are recorded throughout woodcock, tawny owl, lesser spotted woodpecker, the Borough, most notably at Thornton Reservoir and linnet, skylark, spotted and pied flycatcher, bullfinch Markfield. and redstart, an LBAP species. Hobbies occur from time to time here in most summers and there have UK BAP and Red listed species been an increasing number of sightings of buzzards 5.7.7 All but one of the UK BAP species found in the Borough over the last few years. Grey partridge are most are also on the RPSB Birds of Conservation Concern Red likely to be seen on the farmland adjacent to the list (the hawfinch is Amber listed) as declining. Many of Common. these - linnet, corn bunting, tree sparrow, grey 5.7.10 Bosworth Water Park is a relatively new site - a partridge, reed bunting and skylark - are birds of open collection of small lakes privately owned and farmland and associated hedgerows; their breeding managed by Bosworth Water Trust. Brent goose success is therefore largely tied to local agricultural and osprey have been recorded here. The park lies practices and land use. These species are widespread west of Market Bosworth. but rapidly declining, with the exception of tree sparrow 5.7.11 Thornton reservoir is situated in the northeast of and reed bunting which have enjoyed recent national the Borough and owned by Severn Trent Water. population increases. The remaining UK BAP species The reservoir is a small body of water and the bullfinch, song thrush and spotted flycatcher are surrounding land that supports an array of bird more likely to be found among woodland edges, orchards, species including peregrine, hobby, red kite, spotted parks and gardens. flycatcher and reed bunting.

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H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT D E S I G N A T E D S I T E S 6

6.0 DESIGNATED SITES according to the criteria set out within the Guidelines for 6.1 Various designations to protect the nature conservation the Selection of Sites of Importance for Nature interest of the Borough are applied within Hinckley and Conservation in Leicestershire, Leicester, Rutland, May Bosworth. The following indicate the main designations, 2001. These range from hedgerows and road verges to although other designation types exist, such as Green small habitat mosaics field compartments and woodlands Wedges, which are not necessarily of high ecological and are plotted as a layer on the Phase 1 GIS map interest, but will provide some value as, buffers, corridors and enclosed within this document. SINC sites do not receive stepping stone habitats. It was beyond the scope of this statutory protection, but their allocation as such should project to assess the condition of statutory or non-statutory require their consideration during the planning process designated sites. However, Appendix 3 includes the latest where development may affect a SINC, under HBBC condition of SSSIs which has been taken from the Natural policies. Quality of these sites may be variable, depending England website. on levels of active management since designation. Where planning permission is permitted on such sites, conditions Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) will be used to minimise disturbance and conserve the 6.2 Seven SSSI are extant within the Borough. These are important features. In exceptional cases, new generally small to medium-sized sites and are located replacement ecological sites will have to be provided. The across the Borough. The table below describes these and principal sites (some of which have additional their location indicated on Figure 5. The full SSSI citations designations) include: and condition of the sites are included as Appendix 3. These  Ancient semi-natural woodland at Markfield sites are protected by statute under the Wildlife and  Gospall Wood Countryside Act 1981 (As amended) and usually managed  Bosworth Battlefield Site by Natural England. Their designation provides protection to  Stoke Golding Heritage Group features of regional / national biodiversity. Permission must  Burbage Common and Burbage Wood be obtained from Natural England before certain listed

operations can be carried out by the land owner. In addition, Local Nature Reserves (LNR) they are protected by HBBC through the planning process, 6.4 These locally designated areas have wildlife or geological whereby planning permission which could potentially features which are of local interest. In addition to this damage the SSSI will not normally be permitted. In interest, they are designed to provide areas where the exceptional circumstances, where permission is granted, countryside and environment can be enjoyed strict conditions will be applied in order to minimise damage recreationally by the public. Within Hinckley & Bosworth, and compensate for any likely adverse effects. LNRs include:  Billa Barra Hill, Markfield - acidic grassland, woodland, Sites of Interest for Nature Conservation (SINC) mosses, lichens and former quarry areas. 6.3 A large number of locally designated SINC sites, also known  Burbage Common and Woods, Burbage - unimproved as County Wildlife Sites (CWS), have been allocated for their acid grassland and heath, scrub and woodland with a nature conservation interest, such as important flora and good woodland ground flora fauna or geological features, natural history or scientific interest at a County or District level. Allocation is made

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Country Parks 6.5 Other local designations, primarily allowing recreation, within semi-natural green space. These include:  Bagworth Heath Woods - on the site of the former Desford Colliery  Market Bosworth Park - former deer parkland with mature trees, wildflower meadows and woodland  Bosworth Battlefield

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SSSI Designations within Hinckley and Bosworth

Name Grid Area Summary Description Reference (ha) Ashby Canal SK346099 to 24.9 Communities of aquatic and emergent plants, SK387043 representative of lowland eutrophic standing water. Of importance in the E. Midlands as a type of habitat due to the diversity of aquatic plants and invertebrates. Supports locally and nationally scarce flora and fauna. Also supports native freshwater white-clawed crayfish and water shrew Botcheston SK485046 3.19 One of the best remaining areas of marshy Bog grassland in Leicestershire. Representative of grazed marsh communities on peaty soil. Burbage SP453941 52.01 One of the best remaining examples of ash-oak- Wood & Aston maple woodland in Leicestershire and is Firs representative of semi-natural woodland on the clays of eastern England. Cliffe Hill SK475104 37.9 This site provides excellent exposures of the Quarry contact between the southern-type dirorite (markfieldite) and the volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Precambrian Charnian Maplewell Series. Groby Pool & SK521083 29.39 Complex of habitats with fine examples of alder Wood wood, dry and wet grassland, marsh, reedswamp and open water. Habitats are representative of neutral/slightly acidic soils for the N. Midlands. Groby Pool is the largest expanse of natural water in Leicestershire. Supports diverse wintering wildfowl; breeding birds and invertebrates. Kendall’s SP394981 2.7 A traditionally managed hay meadow with a Meadow diversity and richness of species, in an area of otherwise limited interest. Probably best representative of this community grassland type in the central English Midlands. Sheepy Fields SK332025 5.3 One of the best remaining neutral grassland sites in Leicestershire representative of hay meadow communities on neutral soils in the Midlands.

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BIODIVERSITY

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT O P P O R T U N I T I E S T O I M P R O V E A N D E N H A N C E 7 BIODIVERSITY

7.0 IMPROVING AND ENHANCING BIODIVERSITY done within farmland and funded by agri-environment 7.1 Several BAP habitat and species can be found within Hinckley schemes. The addition of trees to hedgerows will add and Bosworth and therefore the Borough has the potential to value to these habitats by providing structural and habitat contribute towards the management and enhancement of diversity. biodiversity not only within a local context but also within the 7.6 It is important that the planting of trees and woodland is East Midlands Region. The northern section of the Hinckley carefully planned and not done at the expense of other and Bosworth Borough includes part of the National Forest important habitats such as unimproved or semi-improved and therefore the enhancement and creation of habitats grassland. particularly woodland within this region will also help to meet 7.7 Due to their age many veteran trees often have a National Forest BAP targets. weakened structural condition and poor general health. Therefore the management of veteran trees should focus Woodland and Trees on undertaking works to firstly prevent their collapse and 7.2 The management and restoration of surviving ancient failure, and secondly to keep them in good health as this woodland sites is a priority to ensure retention of these will aid their survival into the future. Management works existing sites. In addition to this the creation of new woodland must be sensitive to the species and condition of the areas will increase the future resources within the Borough specimen so that operations do not threaten their long- which in the northern part of the Borough could be linked up to term vigour. the National Forest to provide a mosaic of woodland across

the region linked by wildlife corridors. Grassland 7.3 Much of the wet woodland habitat within the Borough lies 7.8 Calcareous grassland is largely restricted to east Rutland within Charnwood Forest and along river flood plains. Groby and NE Leicestershire. In these areas the creation and Wood is also wet woodland. These existing areas require expansion of this habitat should be encouraged and protection and enhancement by sympathetic management. could be incorporated into restoration plans on land Additional areas can be created by allowing natural where mineral extraction has occurred. regeneration on flood plain areas but this will not be done at 7.9 Neutral grassland is present throughout the Borough as the detriment of species rich grassland which is itself an hay meadows on drier areas and also in wetter areas important BAP habitat. associated with riverside habitats including flood 7.4 Where mature trees are present within the boundaries of meadow grasslands. The enhancement of existing agricultural land restoration of wood pasture and parkland species poor grassland could be achieved via agri- may be a suitable option. This could be achieved by allowing environment schemes such schemes can serve as a the reversion of arable to grassland and the sensitive vehicle to expand the resource of unimproved herb rich management of the individual trees. Planting of new wood neutral grassland by reducing the intensity of pasture adjacent to existing sites would provide replacement management particularly on areas adjacent to current trees in the future. species rich grassland which has the potential to act as a 7.5 Individual mature trees will be managed sympathetically to seed source. ensure their survival and growth to veteran status. Tree 7.10 Heath (acid) grassland is restricted within the Borough planting can be done to provide a diversity of age range and but is present in the more upland areas near Groby within ensure replacement trees in the future. The latter could be Groby Pool and Wood SSSI. Appropriate management

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of these existing resources should be promoted and new 7.16 In terms of mesotrophic lakes, Thornton reservoir was habitat creation encouraged through agri-environment the only such waterbody identified within the Borough. schemes. The protection and management of this feature is 7.11 Field margins are important habitats in their own right but they required to maintain water quality and healthy aquatic, also provide a buffer to other habitats and designated sites. marginal and bank side habitats. On going water level The provision of field margins could be promoted most management will encourage plant and animal effectively via agri-environment schemes. communities including certain bryophytes and wading birds which rely on the areas exposed during low levels. Wetlands As part of water quality precautions buffer strips should 7.12 Flood plain wetlands have not been identified within the be encouraged along the tributaries which feed the Borough but could be present along the River Sence. Further reservoir to reduce the affects of agricultural and urban survey is recommended to identify any remaining areas run-off. which if found should be protected and enhanced. The 7.17 Reed beds are important habitats in their own right but creation of these habitats along river and water courses could also act as flood water retention features during would provide wetland habitats for birds and animals with the periods of high water levels. The existing areas of reed added benefit of holding water during flood events. bed should be managed to prevent the encroachment 7.13 Springs and flushes were also not identified during surveys by scrub and the resultant drying out. Again agri- so a more targeted survey may be required. Flushes occur on environment schemes may provide a vehicle to promote gently sloping ground and may include small watercourses. the creation of wetlands alongside existing water 7.14 Further surveys will also be required to identify fast flowing courses and areas of standing open water. streams and in particular those which would benefit from 7.18 Opportunities for the creation of new wetlands will also restoration. Typically many of the bank sides may have been arise from mineral extraction permissions and the developed or are subject to agricultural management. These associated restoration proposals. would benefit from the creation and maintenance of a buffer

strip particularly in areas of agricultural activity where water Hedgerows courses are often grazed up to waters edge and banks can be 7.19 Existing hedgerows of poor quality could be planted with poached causing slippage and erosion. Buffer strips can native species of local provenance to improve species easily be created by fencing stretches of the bank to keep diversity. The reinstatement of lapsed management of stock out and allow marginal and vegetation to grow up. defunct hedgerows should be done where necessary. These areas then provide optimal habitat for birds and The retention and enhancement of existing hedgerows mammals as well as offering some water quality protection can be achieved through agri-environment schemes from agricultural and urban run-off. and via the development planning process. 7.15 Existing eutrophic standing water should be protected. The

provision of buffer strips and a reduction in the intensity of Other habitats adjacent management will help to maintain the quality of 7.20 Road-side verges can be improved by reducing the existing field ponds. The creation of new field ponds is intensity of management, for example, the introduction another option and can be done using incentives within agri- of a sympathetic mowing regimes. Existing Road Verge environment schemes. Nature Reserves should wherever feasible be protected

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H 50 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT O P P O R T U N I T I E S T O I M P R O V E A N D E N H A N C E 7 BIODIVERSITY

from road expansion and operations. In addition sympathetic management of hedgerows alongside the verges would improve the quality and structural diversity of these road side habitats. 7.21 Rocks and built structures includes man-made and natural formations which can vary in their benefit to wildlife. The main habitats which fall into this category within the Borough are railways, building structures, quarries, colliery and brown field sites. The most appropriate way to protect and enhance these sites is through the local development plan and by the provision of advice to landowners and managers.

Species 7.22 There are a number of Biodiversity Action Plan species which are not currently recorded as present within the Borough but for which suitable habitats may exist. These include otter, black hairstreak, nightingale, wood vetch and sand martin. Habitats can be enhanced with the aim of attracting these species. Wildlife corridors of relevant habitat types will also be required to aid their dispersal or for more mobile species mosaics can be useful as stepping stones across otherwise unsuitable or alien habitats.

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H 51 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 8 . 0 K E Y H A B I T A T S A N D G R E E N C O R R I D O R S

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT K E Y H A B I T A T A R E A S A N D G R E E N C O R R I D O R S 8

8.0 KEY HABITAT AREAS AND GREEN CORRIDORS larger area from negative impacts. 8.1 The survey results obtained as part of this project show a 8.5 Smaller areas of suitable habitat situated relatively close range of semi-natural habitats distributed throughout Hinckley together but spread regularly across a wider area can and Bosworth Borough. However the Borough is dominated provide 'stepping stones' for species which have some largely by arable farmland which could result in the separation ability to disperse but cannot do so over long distances. of these key habitat areas by extensive areas of more 'hostile' Existing sub-optimal habitat can also be enhanced to or sub-optimal habitat for certain fauna and flora. The distance provide 'stepping stones' for this purpose. These often between suitable habitats can present a barrier to movement small areas can provide a stopover habitat for species preventing or reducing the dispersal ability of a population. dispersing to breed, forage or establish new populations. This has potential impacts upon the viability of local 8.6 It is important when ensuring the protection of existing populations and in severe cases can lead to genetic isolation biodiversity within the Borough and the future viability of which in turn can weaken a population's ability to withstand species populations that key habitat areas are not natural and man-made catastrophes. protected in isolation. Consideration should be given to 8.2 Other species rely on a range of habitat types for their survival, the network of sites as a whole and the linkages between for example, some species require the availability of a variety the individual key habitat sites. The main opportunities for of habitats during the differing stages of their life cycle. The this within the Hinckley and Bosworth Borough have been ultimate survival of the species within an area depends on identified and are discussed below. having access to these habitats within the same locality.

8.3 These factors should be taken into account when identifying River and Canal Corridors areas for protection, habitat creation and enhancement. It is 8.7 Rivers and streams are important corridors for aquatic life often important to consider key habitat areas but also suitable but also for other wildlife. areas that could provide bridges or links between them. Such 8.8 The water courses running throughout the Borough features include 'green corridors' and 'stepping stone' provides a widespread network of corridors between a habitats. range of adjacent habitats as well as linking the Borough 8.4 Green corridors are often linear sections of habitat which to neighbouring regions beyond the boundary. The River connect other habitat areas at either end or along the way. Sence is the main river catchment plus other smaller They allow the movement of species across otherwise hostile tributaries. Not only do these water courses offer areas, the enlargement of a species range and the important aquatic and marginal habitats in their own right colonisation of new sites especially when the existing habitat but they also form corridors of movement for aquatic is under threat, or overcrowded. Wildlife corridors are plants and animals. The associated riverbanks provide particularly helpful for less mobile species vulnerable to suitable habitat for a range of species including water predation and those that require relatively large areas in which voles, otters and waterfowl but also provide corridors of to forage. It enables life cycles to be completed in different movement for these and many other flora and fauna. types of habitat and provides plenty of 'edge' conditions Man-made canals also have potential to provide similar offering graded conditions which benefit a greater range of linkage. Ashby Canal with an established towpath species than a more uniform habitat. If located adjacent to bisects the Borough running from north to south and other key habitats these strips of land can act as 'buffers' provides aquatic and terrestrial habitats and a link minimising disturbance of the corridor and protecting the between other water bodies and crossing tributaries

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H 52 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT K E Y H A B I T A T A R E A S A N D G R E E N C O R R I D O R S 8

running across the Borough. common and carefully designed wetland restoration schemes can provide rich habitats for scarce and

Hedgerows threatened wildlife, such as otter, water vole, bittern and 8.9 A continuous network of hedgerows is important to enable wading birds, as well as more widespread wetland movement between different areas particularly for species species. Woodland and scrub habitats will develop on traveling between areas of existing woodland. Many species almost any inactive mineral sites if natural succession is of butterfly move along hedge-lines and the edges of woods allowed to continue. The value of these habitats to rather than crossing open habitats. Hedgerows also provide wildlife will depend on a number of factors, including the valuable resources for foraging and sheltering animals, birds species of trees and shrubs, the structural diversity of the and insects. Well vegetated ditches can also act in the same habitat and whether other complimentary habitats are way as hedgerow corridors, providing shelter and protection also present within the vicinity of the site. Therefore if from predators. natural colonisation is being relied upon the proximity to 8.10 The Borough has a good existing network of hedgerows good quality sites of a similar habitat will be important. If covering much of the region and these will be protected this is not the case then creation or enhancement of wherever possible. There are noticeable gaps in this network habitats should compliment the existing habitat within urban areas which could be addressed by habitat resources in the area. creation, for example, by the planting of new hedgerows. The retention of existing hedgerows within future developments National Forest will prevent these gaps widening further. 8.13 The most wooded areas are found in the north east of the Borough, either side of the M1, between Desford,

North-east of the Borough Bagworth, Markfield, Groby and Ratby. In this area large 8.11 There is an accumulation of statutory designated sites within tracts of broad-leaved and mixed woodland form part of the north-east of the Borough around Groby and Markfield. the National Forest. With the exception of these larger Surveys have also shown a range of habitats including woodland areas, blocks tend to be small and scattered woodland and semi-improved grassland both surrounding across the landscape. Woodland creation to provide and within close proximity to these sites. Opportunities should buffers and linkages with existing mature woodland be taken to create, protect and enhance existing semi-natural areas should be focused in other areas of the Borough. habitats in these areas. These habitats are valuable in their The aim is to provide a more even spread of this habitat own right but also act as buffers and stepping stones between across the area whilst ensuring links to the established designated sites and other key habitats in this area. north eastern blocks to allow colonisation by species which may currently be restricted to the existing

Quarry and Gravel Pit Restoration woodland habitat in the north. 8.12 Sand and gravel extraction within the Borough presents relatively short term ground disturbance and offers food future Urban areas/villages opportunities for habitat creation. Restoration plans should be 8.14 As well as the more traditional habitats and wildlife tailored to compliment, buffer and/or link the existing habitats corridors, a number of other features can play a part in within the site and local area including adjacent designated the overall wildlife distribution network. Railway lines and sites. Restoration to open water and wetland habitats is motorway verges can offer a safe passage through what

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H 53 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT K E Y H A B I T A T A R E A S A N D G R E E N C O R R I D O R S 8

would otherwise be a potentially hostile environment for many wildlife. Brownfield sites can also provide habitat links through urban areas and depending on the time since they were abandoned, such sites can be valuable in their own right providing a niche for flora and fauna, particularly invertebrates. Gardens, parks and school grounds take on increasing significance as stepping stones for wildlife and can be designed with this in mind as well as providing a pleasant open space or for recreation. Wildlife refuges should be provided by making certain areas inaccessible to humans or by setting aside areas specifically for nature conservation.

Farmland 8.15 Arable farmland is the dominant land use within the Borough. Farmland provides opportunities for wildlife if managed appropriately and could provide a large resource as many of the existing habitats are currently surrounded by farmland. Agri-environment schemes offer a vehicle to increase the habitat quality and diversity within a farmed landscape.

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H 54 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT 9 . 0 C O N C L U S I O N

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT C O N C L U S I O N A N D S U M M A R Y 9

9.0 CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY 9.5 This survey has shown that, although predominantly 9.1 This report and associated GIS map provides a baseline agricultural in nature and intensively managed, Hinckley survey and presents an overview of the biodiversity assets and Bosworth is in no way devoid of biodiversity assets. A within Hinckley and Bosworth in terms of habitats and varied flora and fauna is present and whilst many of the species, highlighting particular areas of potential interest areas of semi-natural habitats are relatively small in size and note. This study will assist HBBC in processing and and scattered across the Borough, they are usually linked, determining planning applications, by identifying where at least partially, by the good network of linear features detailed ecological surveys should be required at a site level (such as hedgerows and ditches) that cross it. These to support an application and identifying the likely linear features all enable wildlife to move across the less biodiversity opportunities and constraints presented by the ecologically valuable farmed habitats into the more site. At a wider level, the proposed site can also be placed in diverse habitats, enabling genetic exchange and the context of its surrounding habitats and species, to ensure encouraging biodiversity. Two particular valuable and appropriate mitigation and habitat creation where necessary. extensive linear features include the Ashby Canal and the 9.2 Further detailed and focused survey work will be required River Sence, both of which support several habitat types where it is necessary for HBBC to fully establish the nature along their length, attracting many different fauna, from conservation value of particular habitats or areas outside of mammals to invertebrates. Such corridors are not only the planning process. Detailed surveys are likely to be time valuable for biodiversity within the Borough, but as many consuming and a phased programme of priority areas to be extend beyond its boundaries into other parts of the surveyed over the coming years likely to be the most region, have an ecological function within the wider effective means forward. These surveys should follow the context, contributing to regional biodiversity. The standard recommended survey methodology for that northwest of the Borough in particular supports larger species or habitat. areas of semi-natural habitat in close proximity which 9.3 In order to gauge the success of enhancement and/or habitat increases their individual value, with several designated creation works and to monitor overall diversity within the sites here. Large areas of newly planted woodland is Borough, surveys will need to be repeated in the future and establishing which will in time provide additional diversity the results compared with the baseline surveys. By and linkages. replicating this process in ten years time achievements in 9.6 During this process a number of areas within the Borough overall biodiversity can be measured and new targets set. have already been highlighted as 'wildlife areas' by 9.4 Alongside these targeted surveys detailed ecological interested parties with local knowledge. These are sites surveys as part of all planning applications are also important which are known, or are thought to, have particular and these should be requested by the planning officers as a ecological value but have not been designated in any way. matter of course. These surveys will identify the location of Although it is beyond the scope of this project to assess existing habitats and the presence of protected and BAP these sites where they have been identified these areas species. The planning process allows opportunities for the should be targeted as priorities for future survey effort. identification of existing resources and the opportunity to Information on those 'wildlife areas' which have been formulate robust mitigation strategies to preserve, protect provided during this project have been included in and enhance these resources which would otherwise be lost Appendix 4 of this document. to development or land use change.

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H 55 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT C O N C L U S I O N A N D S U M M A R Y 9

9.7 This baseline assessment indicates that Hinckley and Bosworth has a solid foundation from which to enhance existing biodiversity, as well as to create new opportunities within the Borough but also within the East Midlands Region. Existing key habitats should be protected and managed to ensure their survival and alongside these new areas should be identified for habitat creation. Opportunities for this may arise via the planning process, mineral extraction restoration plans and agri-environment schemes. In addition the provision for links between existing and created habitats should be considered to prevent the isolation of habitats within the Borough and the wider region. Such linkages have been identified as part of the recently adopted Hinckley and Bosworth Green Infrastructure Study, and will form an integral part of a strategic approach to conservation within the borough.

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H 56 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT B o r o u g h B o u n d a r y

N a t u r a l A r e a B o u n d a r y

N a t u r a l A r e a 3 9 - C h a r n w o o d F o r e s t

N a t u r a l A r e a 2 4 - T h e C o a l M e a s u r e s ( N o r t h L e i c e s t e r s h i r e a n d S o u t h D e r b y s h i r e A r e a )

N a t u r a l A r e a 3 3 - T r e n t a n d V a l l e y R i s e s

L o c k i n g t o n H a l l , L o c k i n g t o n , Leicester County Council D e r b y , D E 7 4 2 R H , T e l : 0 1 5 0 9 6 7 2 7 7 2 December 2007 F a x : 0 1 5 0 9 6 7 4 5 6 5 , m a i l @ f p c r . c o . u k Hinckley and Bosworth FIGURE 1 - NATURAL AREAS Not to Scale @ A3 F i l e : J / 3 6 6 4 / D r a f t R e p o r t / F i g u r e 1 N a t u r a l A r e a s . c d r

Borough boundary Woodland Waterbodies Built environment PP

P P Protected species sighting

^_ P PPP Badger sighting or sett kjP*# P ^_P G European water vole ^_ P *# Brown hare P P ^_ P ^_ d PP kj P ^_ Great crested newt P P P ^_ PPP GG ^_ d Slow worm X XXX X P PP ^_ P X Grass snake ^_ G PP ^_ Whiskered bat P^_ ^_ Brown long-eared bat ^_^_ P PPP G PP ^_ P ^_ Pipistrelle bat P ^_ Unidentified bat species P P ^_ P kj G Borough boundary P P Waterbodies ^_

^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ G P ^_^_

G P P ^_^_ P PP ^_ !(

!(

!( !. !.

!? !.? !.!.<(?!.!! !. !. !. !. !(? !.

!(. !(. Protected bird sightings !(. !. ! !( !(!. Birds on red list !@ !. Birds on red list with UKBAP status !(. !( !( Birds on amber list !(. !@ ?! Birds on amber list with LBAP status !. Birds on amber list with schedule 1 status

!.

M a i n S e t t l e m e n t s

G r e e n W e d g e

S S S I s 3 S i t e s o f S p e c i a l S c i e n t i f i c I n t e r e s t

K e y S I N C s S i t e s o f N a t u r e Conservation Interest

O t h e r n o n - s t a t u t o r y 1 s i t e s ( S e e b e l o w )

4 Other non-statutory sites 1 - Billa Barra Hill LNR 2 - Burbage Common and Woods LNR 3 - Bagworth Heath Woods Country Park 5 4 - Market Bosworth Country Park 5 - Bosworth Battlefield Country Park

2

L o c k i n g t o n H a l l , L o c k i n g t o n , Leicester County Council D e r b y , D E 7 4 2 R H , T e l : 0 1 5 0 9 6 7 2 7 7 2 December 2007 F a x : 0 1 5 0 9 6 7 4 5 6 5 , m a i l @ f p c r . c o . u k Hinckley and Bosworth FIGURE 5 - LOCATION OF DESIGNATED SITES Not to Scale @ A3 F i l e : J / 3 6 6 4 / D r a f t R e p o r t / F i g u r e 4 P r o t e c t e d b i r d s p e c i e s . c d r

A P P E N D I X 1 : D E T A I L S O F F A U N A W I T H I N

BOROUGH

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT Appendix 1 presents details of the known records for protected or notable species within Hinckley and Bosworth. This data includes records for the last five years only. The list should not be considered as an exhaustive, more particularly with regards to the numbers and distribution of records. Records have been supplied by the groups identified within Section 2 of this report.

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT Slow worm Anguis fragilis 3 Records are clustered in the Ratby region of the Borough. WCA (s9 i & v) UKBAP

KEY:

HR: Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (or the Habitats Directive) 1992 (As amended in 2007). European statute.

WCA (S1): Bird species afforded full protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (As amended by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000). WCA (S5): Animal afforded full protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (As amended). WCA (S9 i and v): Animal afforded partial protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (As amended). WCA: Full protection for all species of bird whilst on the nest under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (As amended)

PBA: Protection of Badgers Act 1992

UKBAP: Priority species with individual action plan under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan 2007. LBAP: Priority species with individual action plan under the Leicestershire, Leicester and Rutland Biodiversity Action Plan 2002.

BoCC(red): RSPB Birds of Conservation Concern 2002 – 2007: Red list: Globally threatened; historical decline in UK; rapid decline in breeding; rapid contraction in range BoCC(amber): RSPB Birds of Conservation Concern 2002 – 2007: Amber list: Historical decline in UK; but recovering; Moderate decline in breeding; moderate contraction in range

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT A P P E N D I X 2 : F I E L D S U R V E Y F O R M S

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT HINCKLEY & BOSWORTH ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

FIELD ASSESSMENT SHEET

Date: Surveyor:

Nearest Tow n / Village: Grid reference:

Location Number: Photo refs:

General Description/Overview of area:

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Field type (estimate approx % coverage of field type)

Arable Monoculture Silage / Hay Set-aside / Fallow Unimproved

Improved Grazed Not grazed

Semi-improved Species rich / Neutral / Calc / Managed /

Species poor Acid Unmanaged

Unimproved Species rich / Neutral / Calc / Managed /

Species poor Acid Unmanaged

Rush pasture Other

Note any key species for each habitat types:

………………………………………………………………………….…………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Landscape features (please circle as appropriate w ith approximate % age frequency)

Industry Residential Quarry Agricultural

Semi-natural habitats Parkland / Amenity Ridge & Furrow Other

Notes …...………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Field Boundaries (please circle as appropriate with approximate % age frequency)

Hedgerow Trees Walls: old / new Fences

Ditches Stream / Brook River Canal

Notes…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Hedgerow s (please circle any appropriate for dominant style of hedgerow observed)

Mixed / Single sp. Managed / Unmanaged Continuous / Gappy

Good connections / poor Mature trees / Immature trees Climbers / rich ground flora

connections

Ditch: Dry / Damp / Wet Bank:<0.5m / 0.5m–1m/ >1m Verge: 1 / 2

Main Species observed / notes…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Trees (please circle any appropriate with rough % age frequency)

Possible veteran Mature Semi Mature Immature

Individual Standard Within hedgerow Group Tree-line

Ivy Dead wood Rot holes / Cavities Loose Bark

Main Species observed / notes: ………………………………………………………………………….… …………………………………………………………………………………………..

Woodlands

Ancient woodland / Mature / Immature Canopy / Understorey / Mixed age / even age

PAW Ground flora

Key species (if known) Small / medium / large Good connections /

poor connections

Broad-leaved woodland Mature / Immature Canopy / Understorey / Mixed age / even age

/ mature plantation Ground flora (+100 years)

Key species (if known) Small / medium / large Good connections /

poor connections

Mixed woodland / Mature / Immature Canopy / Understorey / Mixed age / even age mature plantation Ground flora

Key species (if known) Small / medium / large Good connections /

poor connections

Coniferous woodland / Mature / Immature Canopy / Understorey / Mixed age / even age mature plantation Ground flora

Key species (if known) Small / medium / large Connections

PTO Plantation woodland Mature / Immature Canopy / Understorey / Mixed age / even age

(<100 years old) Ground flora

Key species (if known) Small / medium / large Connections

Notes:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Flowing water (circle as appropriate / know n if visible and state frequency of habitat type)

River Meandering / Steep banks / Full shading / Emergent / Clear /

Straight shallow banks / mix Partial / none marginal / turbid

bankside

Fast / Boulders / Stoney Fish / inverts Protected Botanical

moderate / cobbled / silty mud species species

slow flow base

Stream / Meandering / Steep banks / Full shading / Emergent / Clear / brook Straight shallow banks / mix Partial / none marginal / turbid

bankside

Fast / Boulders / Stoney Fish / inverts Protected Botanical

moderate / cobbled / silty mud species species

slow flow base

Ditch Meandering / Steep banks / Full shading / Emergent / Clear /

Straight shallow banks / mix Partial / none marginal / turbid

bankside

Fast / Boulders / Stoney Fish / inverts Protected Botanical

moderate / cobbled / silty mud species species

slow flow base

Notes: …………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Standing Water (circle as appropriate / known if visible and state frequency of habitat type)

Pond Emergent / Large / medium Clustered / Full / partial / no

marginal / bank- small scattered shading

side PT O Lake Emergent / Large / medium Clustered / Full / partial / no

marginal / bank- small scattered shading

side

Canal Emergent / Large / medium Full / partial / no

marginal / bank- small shading

side

Notes and species………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….……………………

Road Verges (circle as appropriate / known if visible and state frequency of habitat type)

None Wide / Narrow Species rich / Species poor Associated Hedgerows

Associated Ditches

Notes and Species:

………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Buildings for bat potential (circle as appropriate / know n if visible, for dominant building types)

Residential Modern / old Brick built / stone / Roof tiles / Single pitch /

breeze block / sheeting multi-pitch

cladding/ metal / Simple style / Intact structure / wood complex derelict

Roof voids likely / Associated Single storey / Open sided /

no roof voids features (eg: multi-storey closed

nearby woods;

trees; water etc) /

isolated in

landscape

Farm buildings Modern / old Brick built / stone / Roof tiles / Single pitch /

breeze block / sheeting multi-pitch

cladding / metal / Simple style / Intact structure / wood complex derelict

PTO

Roof voids likely / Associated Single storey / Open sided

no roof voids features (eg: multi-storey closed

nearby woods;

trees; water etc) /

isolated in

landsape

Industrial Modern / old Brick built / stone / Roof tiles / Single pitch /

breeze block / sheeting multi-pitch

cladding / metal / Simple style / Intact structure / wood complex derelict

Roof voids likely / Associated Single storey / Open sided

no roof voids features (eg: multi-storey closed

nearby woods;

trees; water etc) /

isolated in

landsape

OTHER NOTES OR COMMENTS VETERAN TREE SURVEY FORM

IDENTIFICATION STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF VETERAN ASSOCIATED AESTHETICS COMMENTS TREES WILDLIFE

No. Species DBH (mm) Large Girth for the Species concerned Form Major Trunk Cavities/ Progressive Hollowing Naturally Formed Water Pools Decay Holes Physical Damage to Trunk Bark Loss Large Quantities ofDead Wood in Canopy Sap runs Crevices Sheltered from Rainfall Fungi Epiphytes High Number of Independent Wildlife Species An ‘Old’ Look High Aesthetic Value Cultural/Historic Value Prominent Position

A P P E N D I X 3 : S S S I C O N D I T I O N A N D C I T A T I O N S

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT SSSI Condition data

Percentage Area %

SSSI Name Favourable Unfavourable Recovering Unfavourable NoChange Unfavourable Declining Destroyed/Part Destroyed Ashby Canal 0.00 0.00 16.42 83.58 0.00 Botcheston Bog 82.46 17.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 Burbage Wood and Aston Firs 42.80 0.00 57.20 0.00 0.00 Cliffe Hill Quarry 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Groby Pool and Wood 47.93 0.00 47.73 4.34 0.00 Kendall’s Meadow 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sheepy Fields 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Compiled: 01 Oct 2008 with data taken from Natural England website. File ref:

County: Leicestershire Site Name: Ashby Canal

District: North West Leicestershire/Hinckley and Bosworth

Status: Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) notified under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

Local Planning Authority: North West Leicestershire District Council & Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council

National Grid Reference: SK 346099 - Area: 24.9 (ha) 61.5 (ac) SK 387043

Ordnance Survey Sheet 1: 50 000: 140 1: 10 000 SK 30 NW, NE & SE

Date Notified (Under 1949 Act): Date of Last Revision: -

Date Notified (Under 1981 Act): 1988 Date of Last Revision: -

Other Information:

Description and Reasons for Notification:

The Ashby Canal supports communities of aquatic and emergent plants that are representative of eutrophic standing water bodies in the English lowlands. The diversity of aquatic plants and invertebrates makes this one of the most important water bodies of its type in the East Midlands.

The submerged plant community is of particular interest. Mare's-tail Hippuris vulgaris, spiked water-milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum and perfoliate pondweed Potamogeton perfoliatus are locally abundant. Eight other species of pondweed have been recorded including grass-wrack pondweed P. compressus and flat-stalked pondweed P. friesii which are nationally uncommon. Where the canal bed is stony the scarce needle spike-rush Eleocharis acicularis may be found.

The floating plant community is also well developed. Yellow water-lily Nuphar lutea, broad-leaved pondweed P. natans, arrowhead Sagittaria sagittifolia and unbranched bur-reed Sparganium emersum are all locally abundant.

The emergent fringe is variously dominated by greater pond-sedge Carex riparia, reed sweet-grass Glyceria maxima and branched bur-reed Sparganium erectum. Associated species include lesser water-parsnip Berula erecta, flowering rush Butomus umbellatus, tubular water-dropwort Oenanthe fistulosa, water dock Rumex hydrolapathum and skullcap Scutellaria galericulata.

cont... Ashby Canal (cont...)

The Ashby Canal retains one of the richest invertebrate communities of eutrophic standing water still to be found in Leicestershire. Nine species of dragonfly have been recorded, including the locally scarce red-eyed damselfly Erythroma najas. The water beetle fauna is diverse and it includes the nationally rare Haliplus mucronatus.

The canal also supports populations of the native freshwater crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes and of the water shrew Neomys fodiens. File ref:

County: Leicestershire Site name: Botcheston Bog

District: Hinckley and Bosworth

Status: Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) notified under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

Local Planning Authority: Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council

National Grid Reference: SK 485046 Area: 3.19 (ha) 7.88 (ac)

Ordnance Survey Sheet 1: 50 000: 140 1: 10 000: SK 40 SE

Date Notified (Under 1949 Act): 1981 Date of Last Revision:

Date Notified (Under 1981 Act): 1983 Date of Last Revision: -

Other Information:

Reasons for Notification:

The site contains one of the best remaining areas of marshy grassland in Leicestershire and is representative of grazed marsh communities on peaty soils.

Biology:

The marsh has developed on a thin layer of peat which overlies mineral soils derived from Alluvial deposits. It is dominated by carnation sedge Carex panicea, hard rush Juncus inflexus, creeping bent Agrostis stolonifera and meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria, and the plant community includes such characteristic species as marsh valerian Valeriana dioica, bog bean Menyanthes trifoliata, marsh arrow-grass Triglochin palustris, tubular water-dropwort Oenanthe fistulosa, ragged robin Lychnis flos-cuculi and marsh marigold Caltha palustris, as well as fragrant orchid Gymnadenia conopsea and a number of plant species which are of rare occurrence in Leicestershire. The marsh is supported and supplemented by an adjacent area of wet grassland; and by a number of watercourses which flow through and around the site. File ref:

County: Leicestershire Site name: Burbage Wood and Aston Firs

District: Hinckley and Bosworth/Blaby

Status: Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) notified under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

Local Planning Authority: Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council/ Blaby District Council

National Grid Reference: SP 453941 Area: 52.01 (ha) 128.51 (ac)

Ordnance Survey Sheet 1: 50 000: 140 1: 10 000: SP 49 SW, SP 49 SE

Date Notified (Under 1949 Act): 1956 Date of Last Revision: 1981

Date Notified (Under 1981 Act): 1983 Date of Last Revision: -

Other Information:

Reasons for Notification:

The site comprises one of the best remaining examples of ash-oak-maple woodland in Leicestershire and is representative of semi-natural woodland developed on the clays of eastern England.

Biology:

Burbage Wood and Aston Firs have developed on rather poorly-drained soils derived from the underlying Glacial Boulder Clay. The woodland canopy is dominated by ash Fraxinus excelsior and oak Quercus robur and contains some wych elm Ulmus glabra and English elm Ulmus procera. The shrub layer is dominated by hazel Corylus avellana and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, but also includes field maple Acer campestre, privet Ligustrum vulgare, dogwood Swida sanguinea and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. The ground vegetation is characterised by an abundance of honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum, bramble Rubus fruticosus, bluebell Endymion non-scriptus, false brome Brachypodium sylvaticum, rough meadow-grass Poa trivialis and tufted hair-grass Deschampsia cespitosa, and includes a large number of plant species typical of semi-natural woodland such as sweet woodruff Asperula oderata, moschatel Adoxa moschatellina, yellow archangel Galeobdolon luteum, water avens Geum rivale and several species of woodland orchids. Citation

County: Leicestershire Site name: Cliffe Hill Quarry

District: Hinckley and Bosworth

Status: Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) notified under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

Local Planning Authority: Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council

National grid reference: SK 475 105 Area: 37.9 (ha) 93.7 (ac)

Ordnance S urvey sheet: 1:50,000:129 1:10,000: SK 41 SE

Date notified (Under 1949 Act): 1981

Date notified (under 1981 Act): 1990

Other information

This is a ‘Geological Conservation Review’ site.

Reasons for notification

This site provides excellent exposures of the contact between the southern-type dirorite (markfieldite) and the volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Precambrian Charnian Maplewell Series. The markfieldite shows signs of having been intruded by magme-stoping and is considered to be the plutonic expression of the igneous episode which produced the Charnian volcanic rocks. Recent geochemical studies have shown that both groups of rocks carry a similar geochemical signature being relatively depleted in elements such as niobium, titanium and zirconium. This is consistent with their generation in a volcanic island arc setting.

National Grid Reference: SK 475 105 Date Notified: 30 April 1990

Citation

County: Leicestershire Site name: Groby Pool & Wood

District: Hinckley and Bosworth Site ref:

Status: Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) notified under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

Local Planning Authority: Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council

National grid reference: SK 521 083 Area: 29.39 (ha) 72.62 (ac)

Ordnance Survey sheet: 1:50,000: No 140 1:10,000: SK 50 NW

Date notified (Under 1949 Act): 1956 Date of last revision: 1981

Date notified (under 1981 Act): 1983 Date of last revision:

Other information

Description and reasons for notification

The site comprises a complex of habitats and includes fine examples of alder wood, dry and wet grassland, marsh, reedswamp and open water. The plant communities are representative of those developed on neutral or slightly acid soils in the North Midlands.

Biology:

Groby Pool is considered to be the largest natural expanse of water in Leicestershire, created by a natural ‘dam’ of igneous syenite. The northern and western margins of the pool support fine stands of common reed Phragmites australis while to the north-east the marginal vegetation is more diverse and includes lesser bulrush Typha angustifolia, round-fruited rush Juncus compressus, great pond sedge Carex riparia and reed sweet grass Giyceria maxima. The plant communities of the open water are characterised by the presence of fennel-leaved pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus, broad-leaved pondweed P natans, yellow water-lily Nuphar lutea, fringed water-lily Nymphoides peltata and horned pondweed Zannichellia palustris. To the north and west of Groby Pool, on alluvial soils, the fringing marsh grades into wet woodland dominated by alder Alnus glutinosa and which contains oak Quercus robur, ash Fraxinus excelsior, crack willow Salix fragilis and hazel Corylus avellana. The ground flora is characterised by the abundance of opposite-leaved golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria and P australis, and by the large number of plant species typical of wet woodland such as dewberry Rubus caesius, hemp-agrimony Eupatorium cannabinum, pendulous sedge Carex pendula and valerian Valeriana officinalis.

To the north of the site, on both sides of a stony, clean-water stream, a grassland community typical of slightly acid, loamy soils has developed on clays of the Triassic Keuper Marl. This community is characterised by the abundance of such grass species as common bent Agrostis capillaries, sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum and crested dog’s tail Cynosurus cristatus, and by the presence of such herbs as pignut Conopodium majus, betony Betonica officinalis and lady’s mantle Alchemilla vestita. By contrast grassland to the north-east of Groby Pool developed on siliceous soils is characterised by the presence of bird’s-foot Ornithopus perpusillus, red spurrey Spergularia rubra and thyme Thymus drucei.

Additional interest is provided by the numbers of wintering wildfowl which utilise the site, the variety of the breeding bird community and by the diversity of the invertebrate fauna. COUNTY: LEICESTERSHIRE SITE NAME: KENDALL’S MEADOW DISTRICT: HINCKLEY AND BOSWORTH Status: Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) notified under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981. Local Planning Authority: HINCKLEY AND BOSWORTH BOROUGH COUNCIL National Grid Reference: SP 394981 Area: 2.7 (ha.) 6.67 (ac.) Ordnance Survey Sheet 1:50,000: 140 1:10,000: SP 39 NE Date Notified (Under 1949 Act): – Date of Last Revision: – Date Notified (Under 1981 Act): 1985 Date of Last Revision: – Other Information: A new site. Reasons for Notification: A traditionally managed hay meadow with a diversity and richness of plant life unmatched in the south west of the County, an area otherwise sparse in interest. It is probably the best representative of this grassland community type in the central English Midlands. Biology More than a dozen grass species have been found on this meadow which lies partly on alluvium and partly on boulder clay. The sward is dominated by common bent Agrostis capillaris, red fescue Festuca rubra, crested dog’s tail Cynosurus cristatus and yellow oat grass Trisetum flavescens. Notably abundant herbs are yellow rattle Rhinanthus minor, great burnet Sanguisorba officinalis and cat’s ear Hypochoeris radicata. Well over fifty plant species have so far been recorded, including quaking grass Briza media, saw-wort Serratula tinctoria and green-winged orchid Orchis morio. File ref:

County: Leicestershire Site name: Sheepy Fields

District: Hinckley and Bosworth

Status: Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) notified under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

Local Planning Authority: Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council

National Grid Reference: SK 332025 Area: 5.3 (ha) 13.09 (ac)

Ordnance Survey Sheet 1: 50 000: 140 1: 10 000: SK 30 SW

Date Notified (Under 1949 Act): 1981 Date of Last Revision:

Date Notified (Under 1981 Act): 1983 Date of Last Revision: -

Other Information:

Reasons for Notification:

The site contains some of the best remaining examples of neutral grassland in Leicestershire and is representative of hay meadow plant communities developed on neutral soils in the English Midlands.

Biology:

Sheepy Fields comprise two hay meadows developed on soils derived from post-glacial river terrace deposits. The sward is characterised by the abundance of sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum, crested dog's tail Cynosurus cristatus, Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus, yellow oat-grass Trisetum flavescens, great burnet Sanguisorba officinalis and ribwort Plantago lanceolata. There is a rich assemblage of herbs including lady's mantle Alchemilla vestita, adder's tongue Ophioglossum vulgatum, hayrattle Rhinanthus minor, meadow saxifrage Saxifraga granulata, pepper saxifrage Silaum silaus, bulbous buttercup Ranunculus bulbosus, and cowslip Primula veris. Additional interest is provided by an area of marsh which contains such typical plants as marsh marigold Caltha palustris and ragged robin Lychnis flos-cuculi. A P P E N D I X 4 : W I L D L I F E A R E A I N F O R M A T I O N

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT Burbage Trees June 2005

Survey by Chris Pocock (HBBC), Bob and Ann Crabtree, John Robbins, Peter Hall (All Burbage Heritage Group)

Pughes Paddock - Grove Road. Part of the old rectory garden. Named after Reverend Pughe.

Bordered by Grove Road, Moat House and gitty alongside Burbage Infant School.

Holly hedge by Grove Road with a mix of ornamental cherry trees (some removed).

Four mature and one new whitebeam trees on Moat House side leaning inwards due to higher trees behind in grounds of Moat House. These consist of mature holly, sycamore, American Elm (?), lime, white poplar and ash.

Mixed hedge by gitty.

Dawn redwood in centre planted to celebrate the millennium, common oak (stalkless leaves), and sycamore in the west corner.

Burbage Junior School – Grove Road Built on the old nursery gardens with a playing field that originally extended to the west – now Falconers Green. This land was swapped with part of Warings Field (?)to the east.

On the left of the gate are ash, holly, hawthorn, field maple and cherry. To the rear of the School bordering on Grosvenor Crescent are London plane, horse chestnut, silver birch, cherry and a commemorative snake bark maple. The older trees would have been in the grounds of The Grove, the home of the Hirst family.

On the playing field side of the School there is a large cherry tree (?) and ash.

The west side of the field was planted some 25 years ago with a wide mix of trees some of which have been removed to reduce overshadowing of the gardens behind. These include from top to bottom bishop pine, mountain ash, horse chestnut, Austrian pine, common and sessile oaks, sycamore, whitebeam, European larch, broad-leafed lime, common walnut, field maple and ash. Towards the centre of the field there is a clump of European larch.

The trees at the bottom of the field are generally older and include broad-leafed lime, ash, whitebeam and sycamore.

The lower part of the east side of the field has common lime and repeated plantings of Corsican pine, common oak, field maple and mountain ash of which the Corsican pine is likely to dominate in years to come. From the middle of the field to the gate are a number of specimen trees including horse chestnut, beech, Scots pine, sweet chestnut, sessile oak, giant sequoia or wellingtonia, alder and a crimson king maple commemorating the first head-teacher, Mr Sherwood.

Burbage Infant School – Grove Road Bordered by Wesley Walk to the west and the gitty down to the Horsepool on the east.

The west side is dominated by large sycamore trees. Across the bottom of the field are silver birch, mountain ash, sycamore and four mature broad- leafed lime round the corner. From the bottom of the east side to the gate are a mix of shrubs and trees some of which have yet to be firmly identified. Included are hornbeam, Portuguese laurel, white poplar, American elm, cupressus, yew, crimson king maple, cherry and, by the gate, sycamore. Set into the field is the millennium tree, a robinia. NB some of these trees are in adjacent grounds.

Moat House – New Road An old peoples home built in the grounds of the old rectory.

The entrance to the south is dominated by a large copper oak followed by sycamore ash and wild cherry. After the training room there is a large dogwood, sycamore, damson, yew, crimson king maple, sycamore, Irish yew, and two white poplar. The far end of the grounds is fronted by cotoneaster, Leyland cypress and cherry while the trees behind are described in the section on Pughes paddock above. Returning towards New Road there are yew, damson, sycamore, cherry, crimson king maple and finally a Scots pine.

St. Catherines Churchyard

Looking east from the newsagent there is a cedar of Lebanon at each end with alternate Irish and common yew in between apart from the south end where there are three Irish yew together. Between these trees and the church are lime trees which also run down to the south gate where there is a common oak. Along the south boundary there are mature beech, horse chestnut, a row of five lime trees followed by a stretch of holly, a common oak and a sessile oak. To the left of the east boundary there are three weeping willow trees which have been recently severely pruned. The north boundary has two yew trees, a Leyland cypress (column) and a holly hedge growing into the iron spiked fence, two lime trees, a ‘golden yew’ and a cedar of Lebanon. The central area to the east of the church has amongst others a copper beech, giant sequoia, and several Irish and common yew.

Peter Hall

A P P E N D I X 5 : G L O S S A R Y

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT Amber List Bird species with an unfavourable conservation status in Europe; those whose population or range has declined moderately in recent years; those whose population has declined historically but made a substantial recent recovery; rare breeders; and those with internationally important or localised populations Biodiversity The variety of life in all its forms and the habitats where it occurs Eutrophic Nutrient enriched - often occurring as a result increased use of pesticides and herbicides in modern farming practice. May refer to soils, or, more commonly, water Fauna All animal life Flora All plant life Green Infrastructure A network of multi-functional green-space across a region Green List Species All bird species in the UK not included on the red or amber lists, whose conservation status is largely favourable Habitat creation The development of a new habitats not otherwise present in an area Habitat restoration The enhancement of existing degraded or poor quality habitat Habitat linkages Semi-natural features which join otherwise unconnected habitats, increasing the biodiversity value of the linked areas through potential species migration and dispersal Habitat mosaic / complex A closely associated group of different habitats, enhancing the inherent value of the individual components Local Biodiversity Action Plan Local level priority habitats and species, which aim to contribute to the delivery of the national BAP Meta-population A group of individual populations of the same species existing in different locations at the same time Mesotrophic Nutrient levels within water which are neither eutrophic or oligotrophic (nutritent poor) Natural colonization the normal development of a vegetation from bare ground without human intervention Notable species A species which is not legally protected, but is noteworthy due to its scarcity within a country; region or local area Protected species A species which is legally protected by statute Red List Species Globally threatened bird species according to IUCN criteria; those whose population or range has declined rapidly in recent years; and those that have declined historically and not shown a substantial recent recovery Semi-natural Habitat that is largely natural Stepping stone habitats Small areas of semi-natural habitat within which aid migration and dispersal across otherwise unsuitable habitat Wildlife corridor A semi-natural linear feature which provides a sheltered and safe habitat along which fauna can disperse / migrate UK Biodiversity Action Plan A government initiative, which aims to achieve the recovery of the UK's most threatened species and habitats

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT A P P E N D I X 6 : R E F E R E N C E S

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT Biodiversity Challenge: An Action Plan for Leicester,

Leicestershire and Rutland Version 2; the Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland Biodiversity Action Plan Working Group, , November 2002

East Midlands Green Infrastructure Scoping Study Final Report; TEP; September 2005

Government Circular: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation Statutory obligations and their impact within the planning system, Office of the

Deputy Prime Minister, August 2005

Great Crested Newt Conservation Handbook, Froglife, 2001

Hinckley & Bosworh Community Plan 2002 2007, Hinckley & Bosworth Borough Council, 2002

Planning Policy Statement 9 Biodiversity and Geological Conservation; Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, August 2005

Putting wildlife back on the map the East Midlands Biodiversity Strategy, Draft, East Midlands Regional Assembly & East Midlands Biodiversity

Forum, October 2004

Regional Environment Strategy; East Midlands Regional Assembly; August 2002

Report on the Habitats and Species Review; Biodiversity Reporting and Information Group; June 2007

Report on the Species and Habitat Review to the UK Biodiversity Partnership, Biodiversity Reporting and Information Group; June 2007

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA); postnote Number 223; Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology; July 2004

Sustainability and Biodiversity: Priorities for Action in the East Midlands Region; The East Midlands Regional Biodiversity Forum; April 1999

The Charnwood Forest Natural Area, English Nature July 1997

The Coal Measures Natural Area, English Nature, March 1997

The Conservation (Natural Habitats &c) Regulations 2004 (as amended)

The Population Status of Birds in the UK - Birds of Conservation Concern: 2002 - 2007; RSPB, 2002

The Trent Valley and Rises Natural Area, English Nature, July 1997

The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended)

Towards a Local Development Framework, Local Development Scheme March 2007 - 2010, Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council www.abdn.ac/mammal The Mammal Society website www.naturalengland.org.uk Natural England website www.rspb.org.uk Royal Society for the Protection of Birds website

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT B i o d i v e r s i t y A s s e s s m e n t H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H B O R O U G H SUPPLEMENT

March 2009

S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

The following table describes the habitats and potential for protected species on the sites proposed as allocated for development within the Local Development Framework.

This assessment has been made through an analysis of aerial photography and no ground truthing or site survey undertaken. The habitats and their potential for protected species should be determined for each site through the recommended ecological surveys, with an Extended Phase 1 Habitat survey undertaken as an initial assessment. These surveys should form part of any planning application or formal expression of interest.

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT S I T E S A L L O C A T E D F O R D E V E L O P M E N T

Notes: Site Numbers / Names listed above are taken from the Hinckley & Bosworth Borough Council Site Allocations Document Issues & Options (DRAFT August 2007). Where Site Description / Name are designated as 'Unknown', descriptions of the particular site area were not provided within Appendix B (p26 p36), though were referenced on the subsequent maps. Where Ecological Site Description is described as 'Unknown', the individual sites could not be identified from the maps provided. Where the same description is given for multiple reference numbers, site boundaries for adjoining site references, are not indicated on the maps provided. Ecological Descriptions have been assessed through aerial map study and not through site survey or ground truthing An extended phase 1 habitat survey undertaken as part of any future application or detailed expression of interest should identify the need for further detailed surveys. The above surveys are those which initially appear likely from aerial photography. Site survey may highlight or discount the need for these and other surveys.

H I N C K L E Y A N D B O S W O R T H BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT